A simple dynamic model of a synchronous motor is developed in this paper based on first engineering principles that describe the mechanical phenomena together with the electrical model. The constructed state space model consists of nonlinear state equations and bi-linear output equations. The developed model has been verified under the usual regulated operating conditions when the speed and the torque are controlled, the manipulated input is the network voltage and the exciter voltage. The effect of load on the controlled synchronous motor has been analyzed by simulation using PI controllers. Model parameter sensitivity analysis has been applied to determine the model parameters to be estimated.
{"title":"Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of a Synchronous Motor","authors":"L. Neukirchner, A. Fodor, A. Magyar","doi":"10.1515/399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/399","url":null,"abstract":"A simple dynamic model of a synchronous motor is developed in this paper based on first engineering principles that describe the mechanical phenomena together with the electrical model. The constructed state space model consists of nonlinear state equations and bi-linear output equations. The developed model has been verified under the usual regulated operating conditions when the speed and the torque are controlled, the manipulated input is the network voltage and the exciter voltage. The effect of load on the controlled synchronous motor has been analyzed by simulation using PI controllers. Model parameter sensitivity analysis has been applied to determine the model parameters to be estimated.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82237425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
É. Orbán-Mihálykó, C. Mihálykó, B. Lakatos, T. Szabó, Á. Papp
The properties of a production system working under stochastic processing conditions are investigated. The production system consists of batch units of an input subsystem and a continuously operated deterministic output one which are coupled by an intermediate storage system. The randomness of operation is caused by the uncertainties of batch sizes and the time intervals of arrival to the storage. Taking into account the expenses and the income arising from the production the expectation of the profit is defined and investigated. An integral equation is presented for the expected profit, and is solved using Monte Carlo method. The optimal initial amount of material to be processed, storage volume and withdrawing rate are determined by simulation.
{"title":"Profit optimization of batch-continuous production systems under stochastic processingconditions by simulation","authors":"É. Orbán-Mihálykó, C. Mihálykó, B. Lakatos, T. Szabó, Á. Papp","doi":"10.1515/447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/447","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of a production system working under stochastic processing conditions are investigated. The production system consists of batch units of an input subsystem and a continuously operated deterministic output one which are coupled by an intermediate storage system. The randomness of operation is caused by the uncertainties of batch sizes and the time intervals of arrival to the storage. Taking into account the expenses and the income arising from the production the expectation of the profit is defined and investigated. An integral equation is presented for the expected profit, and is solved using Monte Carlo method. The optimal initial amount of material to be processed, storage volume and withdrawing rate are determined by simulation.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87493263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zsolt Prettl, A. Lepossa, E. Toth, I. Kelemen-Horváth, Á. Németh, E. Nagy
Bioethanol production is a growing industry nowadays. In this work dry-grind ethanol production was carried out from different corn samples (uncontaminated; zearalenone; fumonisin B1+B2 contaminated) and the changes of the ratio of the solid-liquid phase as well as toxin concentrations were examined in laboratory scale. The ethanol yields of mycotoxin-contaminated corn-mashes were 27% lower,due to 10% less produced glucose-concentrations from these raw materials,compared to uncontaminated ones. By the end of the whole process, the initial 20% solid content was reduced below 7% both in contaminated and uncontaminated corn-mashes. Differences were observed in the concentration changes of examined toxins. Zearalenone was localized in the solid phase, and its concentrations did not alter during the ethanol production process. Fumonisin concentration increased 3 times at the end of the process, and it dissolved in the liquid phase in significant amount.
{"title":"EFFECTS AND CHANGES OF ZEARALENONE AND FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION IN CORN-BASED BIOETHANOL PROCESS","authors":"Zsolt Prettl, A. Lepossa, E. Toth, I. Kelemen-Horváth, Á. Németh, E. Nagy","doi":"10.1515/460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/460","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol production is a growing industry nowadays. In this work dry-grind ethanol production was carried out from different corn samples (uncontaminated; zearalenone; fumonisin B1+B2 contaminated) and the changes of the ratio of the solid-liquid phase as well as toxin concentrations were examined in laboratory scale. The ethanol yields of mycotoxin-contaminated corn-mashes were 27% lower,due to 10% less produced glucose-concentrations from these raw materials,compared to uncontaminated ones. By the end of the whole process, the initial 20% solid content was reduced below 7% both in contaminated and uncontaminated corn-mashes. Differences were observed in the concentration changes of examined toxins. Zearalenone was localized in the solid phase, and its concentrations did not alter during the ethanol production process. Fumonisin concentration increased 3 times at the end of the process, and it dissolved in the liquid phase in significant amount.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90857809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the presentation of a complete Measurement Automation System (MAS) implemented in an Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor Development Laboratory at EPCOS Hungary. The main function of the MAS is to facilitate electrolyte and capacitor research and development by automation of the related measurement tasks and to provide a powerful database system background for data retrieval and decision support. The presentation focuses on the architecture of the spark-detection measurement system and introduces a reliable estimation procedure for determining the maximum level of the voltage which can be applied to the capacitor without damage. For the design engineers it is often impossible to determine the exact maximum voltage which will never be exceeded in the application. With the presented spark detection measurement a good estimation of the allowable maximum voltage can be given.
{"title":"Estimation of the Maximum Applicable Voltage Level of Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors by Automated Spark-Detection Measurement","authors":"L. Kovács, D. Fodor","doi":"10.1515/386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/386","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the presentation of a complete Measurement Automation System (MAS) implemented in an Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor Development Laboratory at EPCOS Hungary. The main function of the MAS is to facilitate electrolyte and capacitor research and development by automation of the related measurement tasks and to provide a powerful database system background for data retrieval and decision support. The presentation focuses on the architecture of the spark-detection measurement system and introduces a reliable estimation procedure for determining the maximum level of the voltage which can be applied to the capacitor without damage. For the design engineers it is often impossible to determine the exact maximum voltage which will never be exceeded in the application. With the presented spark detection measurement a good estimation of the allowable maximum voltage can be given.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87834705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life of humanity has become faster in the 20th century. Due to globalization technology has improved a great deal, every decade had its own revolutionary invention. However, globalization has its drawbacks as well, which have an impact on every field of life. These challenges must be met by humanity. One of these global challenges is the energy crisis and energy dependency. In the last decade a research involving experts was carried out which ranked the challenges humanity faces. The problems analysed involved such key fields as education or discrimination. According to the findings the highest ranked issue is energy supply, which means, according to experts, this is the most crucial problem for what we need a solution. In this research we introduce how university students look at alternative energy sources. The findings are compared to the results of two previously carried out researches. Providing information about alternative energy sources is an excellent solution to change attitudes and such a change is absolutely necessary since the students of one of our most reputable universities, the Corvinus University of Budapest, have much less knowledge of the topic than the desireable level. Making up for the shortcomings is an extremely important task as it is required for a social cooperation which is needed in order to solve humanity’s most important problem in the 21st century, the energy crisis.
{"title":"Thoughts about the Clear Energy","authors":"A. Farkas, P. Faragó","doi":"10.1515/434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/434","url":null,"abstract":"The life of humanity has become faster in the 20th century. Due to globalization technology has improved a great deal, every decade had its own revolutionary invention. However, globalization has its drawbacks as well, which have an impact on every field of life. These challenges must be met by humanity. One of these global challenges is the energy crisis and energy dependency.\u0000\u0000In the last decade a research involving experts was carried out which ranked the challenges humanity faces. The problems analysed involved such key fields as education or discrimination. According to the findings the highest ranked issue is energy supply, which means, according to experts, this is the most crucial problem for what we need a solution.\u0000\u0000In this research we introduce how university students look at alternative energy sources. The findings are compared to the results of two previously carried out researches. Providing information about alternative energy sources is an excellent solution to change attitudes and such a change is absolutely necessary since the students of one of our most reputable universities, the Corvinus University of Budapest, have much less knowledge of the topic than the desireable level.\u0000\u0000Making up for the shortcomings is an extremely important task as it is required for a social cooperation which is needed in order to solve humanity’s most important problem in the 21st century, the energy crisis.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85460085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renáta Tófalvi, Annamária Sepsey, K. Horváth, P. Hajós
The trace analysis of metal-complexes has long been an area of interest for analytical chemists and environmental researchers due to the biological and toxic properties of these compounds. The method for the simultaneous separation of the metal cations and organic and inorganic anions is based on the use of strong chelating anion with high charge. When basic solution contains an excess of strong complexing anion of high charge, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or trans-1,2-diamine-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) ion, most heavy and transition metal ions will occur as anionic complexes. Hence this method provides simultaneous metal and anion separation. The EDTA and DCTA chelating agents exhibit strong complexing power. These aminopolycarboxylic acids can remobilize metals in nature. Because aminopolycarboxylic acids are a potential risk to the environment, it is important to develop an effective analytical technique for their determination. Several factors affect the retention in the separation of the complex anions: complex formation reactions, ion-exchange equilibria and protolysis depending on pH. The aim of this work is the optimization of a simultaneous chromatographic separation and identification of metal ions complexed by the ligand EDTA or DCTA. The method was utilized to separate CuEDTA2-, CuDCTA2-, ZnEDTA2-, ZnDCTA2-, AlEDTA-, AlDCTA-, Cl-, piruvate and maleate anions. An advantage of the developed method is that the same basic pH-range is favourable to the stability of the metal complexes and to the elution.
{"title":"Environmental Significance and Identification of Metal-Chelate Complexes Using Ion Chromatography","authors":"Renáta Tófalvi, Annamária Sepsey, K. Horváth, P. Hajós","doi":"10.1515/390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/390","url":null,"abstract":"The trace analysis of metal-complexes has long been an area of interest for analytical chemists and environmental researchers due to the biological and toxic properties of these compounds. The method for the simultaneous separation of the metal cations and organic and inorganic anions is based on the use of strong chelating anion with high charge. When basic solution contains an excess of strong complexing anion of high charge, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or trans-1,2-diamine-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) ion, most heavy and transition metal ions will occur as anionic complexes. Hence this method provides simultaneous metal and anion separation. The EDTA and DCTA chelating agents exhibit strong complexing power. These aminopolycarboxylic acids can remobilize metals in nature. Because aminopolycarboxylic acids are a potential risk to the environment, it is important to develop an effective analytical technique for their determination. Several factors affect the retention in the separation of the complex anions: complex formation reactions, ion-exchange equilibria and protolysis depending on pH. The aim of this work is the optimization of a simultaneous chromatographic separation and identification of metal ions complexed by the ligand EDTA or DCTA. The method was utilized to separate CuEDTA2-, CuDCTA2-, ZnEDTA2-, ZnDCTA2-, AlEDTA-, AlDCTA-, Cl-, piruvate and maleate anions. An advantage of the developed method is that the same basic pH-range is favourable to the stability of the metal complexes and to the elution.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85473274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, adverse human induced impacts on the environment are constantly increasing, which urges engineers to make their production planning activities more environmentally conscious. In addition, during the realization and manufacturing processes of goods, the application of environmentally demanding and polluting materials is expected to be reduced or even eliminated. The application of the increasingly popular minimal lubrication method or even dry cutting could be considered to be efficient methods for reducing adverse environmental impacts. On the other hand, the mentioned methods have drawbacks since they considerably shorten tool life, result in a more significant cutting tool wear and lead to increase in friction. As a result, the tool and the work place temperature rise. This article aims to give an overview of how the feed direction force, the cutting torque, the tool wear, and the surface roughness change during the cutting procedure, if cutting is done under dry conditions while different cutting speed and feed motion parameters are applied.
{"title":"Experimental Results of Dry Drilling of Wear Resistant Steel","authors":"A. Kovacs, G. Varga","doi":"10.1515/411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/411","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, adverse human induced impacts on the environment are constantly increasing, which urges engineers to make their production planning activities more environmentally conscious. In addition, during the realization and manufacturing processes of goods, the application of environmentally demanding and polluting materials is expected to be reduced or even eliminated. The application of the increasingly popular minimal lubrication method or even dry cutting could be considered to be efficient methods for reducing adverse environmental impacts. On the other hand, the mentioned methods have drawbacks since they considerably shorten tool life, result in a more significant cutting tool wear and lead to increase in friction. As a result, the tool and the work place temperature rise. This article aims to give an overview of how the feed direction force, the cutting torque, the tool wear, and the surface roughness change during the cutting procedure, if cutting is done under dry conditions while different cutting speed and feed motion parameters are applied.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82082680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ujhidy, E. Szabó-Bárdos, O. Horváth, A. Horváth, K. Schmidt
Titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic mineralization of oxalic acid and formic acid as model compounds were studied in a laboratory-scale reactor and in a pilot equipment to promote the development of procedures for wastewater treatment. Experimental results obtained by using various TiO2 catalysts indicate that the adsorption of the pollutant substrates on the surface of the semiconductor particles is not directly correlated with the specific surface area of the adsorbent. The initial rate of the photocatalytic degradation of the model compounds is enhanced by increasing the adsorption capability of the titanium dioxide applied, but the overall mineralization efficiency is jointly determined by several factors such as the crystal structure, the mean value and the distribution of the particle size, as well as the number of the hydroxyl groups on the particle surface. The VP P90 TiO2 proved to be the most efficient photocatalyst for degradation of both model compounds studied. Application of static mixer in the pilot equipment enhanced the rate of the photocatalytic mineralization of formic acid by about 27%. This effect can be attributed to the increased interfacial mass transfer facilitating the movement of photogenerated HO● radicals from the catalyst surface or the boundary layer to the bulk solution.
{"title":"Degradation of organic pollutants in photocatalytic reactors","authors":"A. Ujhidy, E. Szabó-Bárdos, O. Horváth, A. Horváth, K. Schmidt","doi":"10.1515/452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/452","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic mineralization of oxalic acid and formic acid as model compounds were studied in a laboratory-scale reactor and in a pilot equipment to promote the development of procedures for wastewater treatment. Experimental results obtained by using various TiO2 catalysts indicate that the adsorption of the pollutant substrates on the surface of the semiconductor particles is not directly correlated with the specific surface area of the adsorbent. The initial rate of the photocatalytic degradation of the model compounds is enhanced by increasing the adsorption capability of the titanium dioxide applied, but the overall mineralization efficiency is jointly determined by several factors such as the crystal structure, the mean value and the distribution of the particle size, as well as the number of the hydroxyl groups on the particle surface. The VP P90 TiO2 proved to be the most efficient photocatalyst for degradation of both model compounds studied. Application of static mixer in the pilot equipment enhanced the rate of the photocatalytic mineralization of formic acid by about 27%. This effect can be attributed to the increased interfacial mass transfer facilitating the movement of photogenerated HO● radicals from the catalyst surface or the boundary layer to the bulk solution.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85543366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Németh, Z. Barta, J. Labidi, L. Gubicza, K. Bélafi-Bakó
The ground rape-seed pellet was pre-treated then reacted with citric acid which resulted in a rape-seed citrate having ion exchange capacity. The effects of pre-treatment steps (including extraction of fatty substances by organic solvent, moreover acidic and alkali treatment of the rape-seed pellet) on the ion binding capacity of the materials were investigated. The capacity was determined for three cations (copper, zinc and nickel) separately, from aqueous solutions in batch mode of operation. Based on the experimental results it was found that the highest ion exchange capacity for all the cations was obtained by the process involved the pre-treatment combining of extraction and alkali treatment followed by the reaction with the citric acid.
{"title":"Study on sorption characteristics of citric acid modified rape-seed pellet considering the chemical pre-treatment processes","authors":"D. Németh, Z. Barta, J. Labidi, L. Gubicza, K. Bélafi-Bakó","doi":"10.1515/457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/457","url":null,"abstract":"The ground rape-seed pellet was pre-treated then reacted with citric acid which resulted in a rape-seed citrate having ion exchange capacity. The effects of pre-treatment steps (including extraction of fatty substances by organic solvent, moreover acidic and alkali treatment of the rape-seed pellet) on the ion binding capacity of the materials were investigated. The capacity was determined for three cations (copper, zinc and nickel) separately, from aqueous solutions in batch mode of operation.\u0000Based on the experimental results it was found that the highest ion exchange capacity for all the cations was obtained by the process involved the pre-treatment combining of extraction and alkali treatment followed by the reaction with the citric acid.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85639903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the forging industry typical in the 21st century, economical production requires environment-friendly manufacturing of integrated and complicated products of larger and larger masses. Difficulties to be solved require effective researches, technological developments and cost analyses. Most frequently, cost analyses call the attention to energy demand of forging, to tool costs and to the efficiency of raw material usage. Preservation and enhancement of competitiveness based on environment-friendly technological solutions are one of the most important challenges for the forging industry in the 21st century. Our case study presents BY (The Best Yield) treatment technology of a planetary carrier developed in the RABA forging plant. Development of the basic technology required integrated application of CAD (Computer Aided Design) – CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) and a test method using thermographic camera. Integration of IT (Information Technology) systems created a new design method, which enables relatively precise determination of cooling technology for BY treated products even in the design stage. The properly micro-alloyed basic material and cooling technology made it possible to omit the quench and temper heat treatment and to adopt an energy-saving forging process.
{"title":"‘By’ Treating of Micro-Alloyed Steels Supported by Integrated ‘IT’ Technology in the Forging Factory of Raba","authors":"F. Tancsics","doi":"10.1515/419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/419","url":null,"abstract":"In the forging industry typical in the 21st century, economical production requires environment-friendly manufacturing of integrated and complicated products of larger and larger masses. Difficulties to be solved require effective researches, technological developments and cost analyses. Most frequently, cost analyses call the attention to energy demand of forging, to tool costs and to the efficiency of raw material usage. Preservation and enhancement of competitiveness based on environment-friendly technological solutions are one of the most important challenges for the forging industry in the 21st century. Our case study presents BY (The Best Yield) treatment technology of a planetary carrier developed in the RABA forging plant. Development of the basic technology required integrated application of CAD (Computer Aided Design) – CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) and a test method using thermographic camera. Integration of IT (Information Technology) systems created a new design method, which enables relatively precise determination of cooling technology for BY treated products even in the design stage. The properly micro-alloyed basic material and cooling technology made it possible to omit the quench and temper heat treatment and to adopt an energy-saving forging process.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：