Current trends show the intense growth in the role and importance of mobile technology (smartphones, tablets, etc.) in business due to economic, social and technological reasons. The social element drives a powerful convenience expectation called “Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD) for taking notes and accessing internal and external network resources. Apparently, the future is leading toward a more extensive enablement of smartphones and tablets with their enterprise applications. Internal security standards along with applicable regulatory ones to achieve ‘policy enforcement’ as types of solutions and controls; however, this allows for merely one aspect of compliance. An alternative solution could be behaviour-based analysis to identify the user, attacker or even a malicious program accessing resources on phone or internal networks. Complex networks can be defined by graphs, such as connections to resources on smartphones and serve as a blueprint. In case the motif is different from the user’s actual behaviour, the company can initiate specific actions to avoid potential security violations. This document reviews the IT security challenges related to smartphones as well as the concept of graph-based user identification. The challenges of the latter are the identification of motif, selection of search algorithm and defining rules for what is considered a good or bad behaviour.
{"title":"Challenges of Enterprise Policy Compliance with Smartphone Enablement or an Alternative Solution Based on Behaviour-based User Identification","authors":"Sándor Dobos, Attila Kovács","doi":"10.1515/489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/489","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends show the intense growth in the role and importance of mobile technology (smartphones, tablets, etc.) in business due to economic, social and technological reasons. The social element drives a powerful convenience expectation called “Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD) for taking notes and accessing internal and external network resources. Apparently, the future is leading toward a more extensive enablement of smartphones and tablets with their enterprise applications. Internal security standards along with applicable regulatory ones to achieve ‘policy enforcement’ as types of solutions and controls; however, this allows for merely one aspect of compliance. An alternative solution could be behaviour-based analysis to identify the user, attacker or even a malicious program accessing resources on phone or internal networks. Complex networks can be defined by graphs, such as connections to resources on smartphones and serve as a blueprint. In case the motif is different from the user’s actual behaviour, the company can initiate specific actions to avoid potential security violations. This document reviews the IT security challenges related to smartphones as well as the concept of graph-based user identification. The challenges of the latter are the identification of motif, selection of search algorithm and defining rules for what is considered a good or bad behaviour.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91268512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple kinematic model of a differential steering mobile robot is investigated using a nonlinear technique based on the quasi-polynomial representation of the dynamical model. Dynamical systems can be embedded in the generalized Lotka-Volterrs (or quasi-polynomial) form under mild conditions. Quasi-polynomial systems are good candidates for a general nonlinear system representation, since their global stability analysis is equivalent to the feasibility of a linear matrix inequality. The stabilizing quasi-polynomial state feedback controller design problem is equivalent to the feasibility of a bilinear matrix inequality. The classical stabilizing state feedback problem for quasi-polynomial systems was extended with the ability of tracking time-dependent reference signals. It is shown that the stabilizing quasi-polynomial controller design is equivalent to a bilinear matrix inequality. The results are applied to the model of the differential steering mobile robot. The goal reaching quasi-polynomial controller is shown to be a special kind of proportional state feedback.
{"title":"Quasi-polynomial Representation-based Control of Mechanical Systems","authors":"L. Neukirchner, A. Magyar","doi":"10.1515/491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/491","url":null,"abstract":"A simple kinematic model of a differential steering mobile robot is investigated using a nonlinear technique based on the quasi-polynomial representation of the dynamical model. Dynamical systems can be embedded in the generalized Lotka-Volterrs (or quasi-polynomial) form under mild conditions. Quasi-polynomial systems are good candidates for a general nonlinear system representation, since their global stability analysis is equivalent to the feasibility of a linear matrix inequality. The stabilizing quasi-polynomial state feedback controller design problem is equivalent to the feasibility of a bilinear matrix inequality. The classical stabilizing state feedback problem for quasi-polynomial systems was extended with the ability of tracking time-dependent reference signals. It is shown that the stabilizing quasi-polynomial controller design is equivalent to a bilinear matrix inequality. The results are applied to the model of the differential steering mobile robot. The goal reaching quasi-polynomial controller is shown to be a special kind of proportional state feedback.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73092607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the growing need for energy from renewable sources and growing revulsion towards fossil and nuclear fuels puts sustainable and green energy in the limelight. Producing (electrical) energy in domestic power plants from renewable sources (mainly solar and wind) hardly results in difficulties, but the storage of energy not consumed immediately is a great engineering challenge. In the present paper a complex model has been developed by investigating renewable energy sources, the surplus energy not actually consumed and stored in electrical vehicle (EV) batteries, the conversion to hydrogen for storage purposes and how the main grid is fed. A measurement-based model of a hydrogen generating cell developed for the simulation of complex energetic systems. The parameter estimation of the static model was based on the collected measurement data coming from the detailed examination of a built demonstration cell. The novel element of this work is the Matlab Simulink model for the hydrogen generation cell. Using this model, a dynamic simulator of a complex domestic power plant is made available using renewable energy sources and hydrogen generation cells. Hydrogen generation enables the lossless long-term storage of surplus electric energy collected, but not consumed or injected into the low voltage grid. The generated hydrogen can be consumed for transportation purposes in suitable vehicles or it can be applied in fuel cells generating direct electrical energy for energy-deficient low voltage network situations. Energetic situations potentially occurring in practice were simulated in our complex model. Simulations showed that the presented model is suitable for domestic scale low voltage complex energetic systems.
{"title":"Measurement-based Modelling and Simulation of a Hydrogengenerating Dry Cell for Complex Domestic Renewable Energy Systems","authors":"A. Göllei, Péter Görbe, A. Magyar, L. Neukirchner","doi":"10.1515/490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/490","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the growing need for energy from renewable sources and growing revulsion towards fossil and nuclear fuels puts sustainable and green energy in the limelight. Producing (electrical) energy in domestic power plants from renewable sources (mainly solar and wind) hardly results in difficulties, but the storage of energy not consumed immediately is a great engineering challenge. In the present paper a complex model has been developed by investigating renewable energy sources, the surplus energy not actually consumed and stored in electrical vehicle (EV) batteries, the conversion to hydrogen for storage purposes and how the main grid is fed. A measurement-based model of a hydrogen generating cell developed for the simulation of complex energetic systems. The parameter estimation of the static model was based on the collected measurement data coming from the detailed examination of a built demonstration cell. The novel element of this work is the Matlab Simulink model for the hydrogen generation cell. Using this model, a dynamic simulator of a complex domestic power plant is made available using renewable energy sources and hydrogen generation cells. Hydrogen generation enables the lossless long-term storage of surplus electric energy collected, but not consumed or injected into the low voltage grid. The generated hydrogen can be consumed for transportation purposes in suitable vehicles or it can be applied in fuel cells generating direct electrical energy for energy-deficient low voltage network situations. Energetic situations potentially occurring in practice were simulated in our complex model. Simulations showed that the presented model is suitable for domestic scale low voltage complex energetic systems.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we analyse a low-cost commercial chest belt to be integrated into a lifestyle counselling system as a source of heart rate data. We compared data from a Schiller ECG Holter device, which serves as a reference to a CardioSport device. Due to missing data in the CardioSport device caused by loss of contact with the body, the creation of special algorithms was necessary for synchronization and data validation. The results show that when using our synchronization algorithms the average absolute percentage error between the two signals was 2% with correlation of more than 99%. Using a data validation algorithm, we were able to get on average more than 70% of the signal with an absolute percentage error of 3% and a high average correlation of 99%. The mean RR interval values and standard deviation of RR intervals are very close to those of the reference device using both the synchronization and data validation algorithms. When using the data validation algorithm, the reference measurements produced only slightly better results with regard to false detections of atrial defibrillation than the CardioSport device. In conclusion, we found that with a simple preprocessing algorithm, CardioSport as a low-cost device can be safely integrated into a lifestyle support system as a telemedical solution.
{"title":"Telemedical Heart Rate Measurements for Lifestyle Counselling","authors":"Mario Salai, G. Tuboly, I. Vassányi, I. Kósa","doi":"10.1515/487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/487","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analyse a low-cost commercial chest belt to be integrated into a lifestyle counselling system as a source of heart rate data. We compared data from a Schiller ECG Holter device, which serves as a reference to a CardioSport device. Due to missing data in the CardioSport device caused by loss of contact with the body, the creation of special algorithms was necessary for synchronization and data validation. The results show that when using our synchronization algorithms the average absolute percentage error between the two signals was 2% with correlation of more than 99%. Using a data validation algorithm, we were able to get on average more than 70% of the signal with an absolute percentage error of 3% and a high average correlation of 99%. The mean RR interval values and standard deviation of RR intervals are very close to those of the reference device using both the synchronization and data validation algorithms. When using the data validation algorithm, the reference measurements produced only slightly better results with regard to false detections of atrial defibrillation than the CardioSport device. In conclusion, we found that with a simple preprocessing algorithm, CardioSport as a low-cost device can be safely integrated into a lifestyle support system as a telemedical solution.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75330997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bálint, T. Dulai, Ágnes Stark-Werner, G. Apostol, Ádám Tompos
The aim of this paper is to present the planning and implementation of a network model for an energy distribution network for simulating its dynamical behaviour. The model includes different types of energy sources, distribution centres and consumers. The prepared simulation environment makes it possible to add/remove/modify any type of node – to/form/in the model. Other actions that may be carried out are the initiation/termination of an energy source or change to its production level. The main goal of the simulation is to investigate the effect of an immediate event (such as a power plant failure, decreased production, etc.) on the network and search for the most appropriate substitute possible. The search may happen either on cost bases or time bases. The system created is based on web technology, any user is able to create/save/load his own model and do simulations on it. This work serves as a basis for further work, which involves more complex electrical knowledge and possibilities regarding the network.
{"title":"A Network Model for Simulating the Dynamic Behaviour of an Energy Distribution Network","authors":"L. Bálint, T. Dulai, Ágnes Stark-Werner, G. Apostol, Ádám Tompos","doi":"10.1515/492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/492","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present the planning and implementation of a network model for an energy distribution network for simulating its dynamical behaviour. The model includes different types of energy sources, distribution centres and consumers. The prepared simulation environment makes it possible to add/remove/modify any type of node – to/form/in the model. Other actions that may be carried out are the initiation/termination of an energy source or change to its production level. The main goal of the simulation is to investigate the effect of an immediate event (such as a power plant failure, decreased production, etc.) on the network and search for the most appropriate substitute possible. The search may happen either on cost bases or time bases. The system created is based on web technology, any user is able to create/save/load his own model and do simulations on it. This work serves as a basis for further work, which involves more complex electrical knowledge and possibilities regarding the network.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82986128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fodor, Roland Balint, A. Magyar, G. Szederkényi
A simple dynamical model of an induction motor is derived and analyzed in this paper based on engineering principles that describe the mechanical phenomena together with the electrical model. The used state space model consists of nonlinear state equations. The model has been verified under the usual controlled operating conditions when the speed is controlled. The effect of load on the controlled induction motor has been analyzed by simulation. The sensitivity analysis of the induction motor has been applied to determine the model parameters to be estimated.
{"title":"Stability and Parameter Sensitivity Analyses of an Induction Motor","authors":"A. Fodor, Roland Balint, A. Magyar, G. Szederkényi","doi":"10.1515/494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/494","url":null,"abstract":"A simple dynamical model of an induction motor is derived and analyzed in this paper based on engineering principles that describe the mechanical phenomena together with the electrical model. The used state space model consists of nonlinear state equations. The model has been verified under the usual controlled operating conditions when the speed is controlled. The effect of load on the controlled induction motor has been analyzed by simulation. The sensitivity analysis of the induction motor has been applied to determine the model parameters to be estimated.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83484657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pollutions in surface waters run down quickly, so the pollution waves cannot be detected by traditional point sampling. Remote controlled online monitoring methods can make the tracking of pollutants possible. These solutions ensure that we can immediately access up-to-date information. The goal of our paper was to compare online monitoring and laboratory measurement techniques. During our work, we investigated the chemical and physical properties of the Sed creek in Veszprem with two different online monitoring systems. Furthermore, we made parallel laboratory measurements of samples taken weekly to evaluate the measurement results of online methods. We discuss the difficulties of installation and operation of online systems and problems arising during emergencies caused by weather.
{"title":"Application of Online and Laboratory Methods for the Investigation of Surface Waters","authors":"J. Bobek, Z. Kovács, Z. Zsilák","doi":"10.1515/357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/357","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutions in surface waters run down quickly, so the pollution waves cannot be detected by traditional point sampling. Remote controlled online monitoring methods can make the tracking of pollutants possible. These solutions ensure that we can immediately access up-to-date information. The goal of our paper was to compare online monitoring and laboratory measurement techniques. During our work, we investigated the chemical and physical properties of the Sed creek in Veszprem with two different online monitoring systems. Furthermore, we made parallel laboratory measurements of samples taken weekly to evaluate the measurement results of online methods. We discuss the difficulties of installation and operation of online systems and problems arising during emergencies caused by weather.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82992613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most promising renewable energy crops and biomass feedstock for biogas production in Europe is the C4 plant grain sorghum due to its high photosynthetic efficiency. The release of lignocellulosic material and therefore the acceleration of degradation processes of sorghum stalks and leaves can be achieved using mechanical and thermal pretreatments, which assist to hydrolyse the cell walls and speed the solvolysis of biopolymers. This study is focused on hotcompressed liquid water, steam explosion and ultrasonic pre-treatments of grain sorghum stover. The effectiveness of pre-treatments was evaluated by means of soluble chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and by the biogas and methane productivities. The results show that the pre-treatments disintegrated the lignocellulosic structure, increased and accelerated the biogas and methane production, and increased the mesophilic anaerobic digestion potential of grain sorghum stover. Our laboratory tests demonstrated that the steam exploded grain sorghum stover possess the highest biogas productivity.
{"title":"Effects of Ultrasonic Disintegration, Hot-Compressed Liquid Water Pre-Treatment, and Steam Explosion on Solvolysis and Digestibility Of Grain Sorghum Stover","authors":"Dániel Capári, A. Dallos","doi":"10.1515/362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/362","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most promising renewable energy crops and biomass feedstock for biogas production in Europe is the C4 plant grain sorghum due to its high photosynthetic efficiency. The release of lignocellulosic material and therefore the acceleration of degradation processes of sorghum stalks and leaves can be achieved using mechanical and thermal pretreatments, which assist to hydrolyse the cell walls and speed the solvolysis of biopolymers. This study is focused on hotcompressed liquid water, steam explosion and ultrasonic pre-treatments of grain sorghum stover. The effectiveness of pre-treatments was evaluated by means of soluble chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and by the biogas and methane productivities. The results show that the pre-treatments disintegrated the lignocellulosic structure, increased and accelerated the biogas and methane production, and increased the mesophilic anaerobic digestion potential of grain sorghum stover. Our laboratory tests demonstrated that the steam exploded grain sorghum stover possess the highest biogas productivity.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85047071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most important step in the design procedure of a chemical reactor is the understanding the chemical reaction network (CRN), which will take place in that reactor. The structure of a CRN as representation of the reaction mechanism contains all the elementary reaction steps that are required to convert the reagents into products. The aim of the reaction mechanism analysis is the identification of the route how the system goes from its initial to the end state. In order to do this, a lot of knowledge is required about chemistry supplemented with some analytical measurements. In this work, we focus on the development of an algorithm, which requires a few data inputs to reveal all the reaction steps that are important in the reactor design point of view. It is trivial that the structure of a dynamic system cannot be determined without the identification of the model parameters that belong to that structure. Hence, the algorithm reported here can be used to obtain the parameters of the reaction rate equations for each identified chemical reaction. First, the structure is identified followed by its parameters. In this study the processed data are obtained by a CRN generator, which is applied to generate random CRNs based on some specified parameters to reach maximal reaction order. Concentration profiles, which characterize each CRN at a specific reaction rate constants combination, are obtained as a result of simulations based on the randomly generated CRNs. The developed algorithm for reaction mechanism identification is based on a modified type of linear least-squares method (LLSM) in which the searching variables must be higher than zero, since the reaction rate constants cannot have negative values. The developed algorithm is tested in different cases to check the applicability of LLSM in reaction structure identification procedure and the obtained results show that with some further improvements the proposed algorithm can be applied solving more complex identification tasks.
{"title":"Development of a Reaction Structure Identification Algorithm","authors":"János Kontos, L. R. Tóth, T. Varga","doi":"10.1515/363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/363","url":null,"abstract":"The most important step in the design procedure of a chemical reactor is the understanding the chemical reaction network (CRN), which will take place in that reactor. The structure of a CRN as representation of the reaction mechanism contains all the elementary reaction steps that are required to convert the reagents into products. The aim of the reaction mechanism analysis is the identification of the route how the system goes from its initial to the end state. In order to do this, a lot of knowledge is required about chemistry supplemented with some analytical measurements. In this work, we focus on the development of an algorithm, which requires a few data inputs to reveal all the reaction steps that are important in the reactor design point of view. It is trivial that the structure of a dynamic system cannot be determined without the identification of the model parameters that belong to that structure. Hence, the algorithm reported here can be used to obtain the parameters of the reaction rate equations for each identified chemical reaction. First, the structure is identified followed by its parameters. In this study the processed data are obtained by a CRN generator, which is applied to generate random CRNs based on some specified parameters to reach maximal reaction order. Concentration profiles, which characterize each CRN at a specific reaction rate constants combination, are obtained as a result of simulations based on the randomly generated CRNs. The developed algorithm for reaction mechanism identification is based on a modified type of linear least-squares method (LLSM) in which the searching variables must be higher than zero, since the reaction rate constants cannot have negative values. The developed algorithm is tested in different cases to check the applicability of LLSM in reaction structure identification procedure and the obtained results show that with some further improvements the proposed algorithm can be applied solving more complex identification tasks.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84760854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our interest has been focused on mechanical recycling of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) bottle waste, because recycling of plastic waste has crucial importance nowadays. The present article deals with the effects of washing of the secondary raw materials on properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composites. In the first step advantageous washing compounds and their concentration were determined. After selecting the proper washing method extrusion moulding characteristics of PET granulates were investigated, and effects of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing additives and also application of coupling agents on the mechanical and rheological properties of composites were studied.
{"title":"Effects of Washing of Raw Material on Properties of Carbon Nanotube Containing Poly(Ethylene-Terephthalate) Composites","authors":"T. Molnar, C. Varga, L. Bartha","doi":"10.1515/360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/360","url":null,"abstract":"Our interest has been focused on mechanical recycling of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) bottle waste, because recycling of plastic waste has crucial importance nowadays. The present article deals with the effects of washing of the secondary raw materials on properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composites. In the first step advantageous washing compounds and their concentration were determined. After selecting the proper washing method extrusion moulding characteristics of PET granulates were investigated, and effects of carbon nanotubes as reinforcing additives and also application of coupling agents on the mechanical and rheological properties of composites were studied.","PeriodicalId":13010,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Journal of Industrial Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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