The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of rotation on heat transfer usinginclination magnetohydrodynamics for a couple-stress fluid in a non-uniform canal. When theReynolds number is low and the wavelength is long, math formulas are used to describe the streamfunction, as well as the gradient of pressure, temperature, pressure rise and axial velocity perwavelength, which have been calculated analytically. The many parameters in the current modelare assigned a definite set of values. It has been noticed that both the pressure rise and the pressuregradient decrease with the rise of the rotation and couple stress, while they increase with anincrease in viscosity and Hartmann number. The explanation of parameters is shown graphicallyby a series of figures using "MATHEMATICA".
{"title":"The Effect of Rotation on the Heat Transfer of a Couple Stress Fluid in A\u0000 Nonuniform Inclined Asymmetrical Channel with Inclined MHD","authors":"Hanaa Abdulhussein, Ahmed M. Abdulhadi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2987","url":null,"abstract":" The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of rotation on heat\u0000 transfer usinginclination magnetohydrodynamics for a couple-stress fluid in a\u0000 non-uniform canal. When theReynolds number is low and the wavelength is long, math\u0000 formulas are used to describe the streamfunction, as well as the gradient of pressure,\u0000 temperature, pressure rise and axial velocity perwavelength, which have been calculated\u0000 analytically. The many parameters in the current modelare assigned a definite set of\u0000 values. It has been noticed that both the pressure rise and the pressuregradient\u0000 decrease with the rise of the rotation and couple stress, while they increase with\u0000 anincrease in viscosity and Hartmann number. The explanation of parameters is shown\u0000 graphicallyby a series of figures using \"MATHEMATICA\".","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88998008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. K. Hussein, Huda Abdullah Rasheed, Iden Hasan Hussein
This paper deals with the mathematical method for extracting the Exponential Rayleighh distribution based on mixed between the cumulative distribution function of Exponential distribution and the cumulative distribution function of Rayleigh distribution using an application (maximum), as well as derived different statistical properties for distribution, and present a structure of a new distribution based on a modified weighted version of Azzalini’s (1985) named Modified Weighted Exponential Rayleigh distribution such that this new distribution is generalization of the distribution and provide some special models of the distribution, as well as derived different statistical properties for distribution
{"title":"A Class of Exponential Rayleigh Distribution and New Modified Weighted Exponential\u0000 Rayleigh Distribution with Statistical Properties","authors":"L. K. Hussein, Huda Abdullah Rasheed, Iden Hasan Hussein","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the mathematical method for extracting the Exponential\u0000 Rayleighh distribution based on mixed between the cumulative distribution function of\u0000 Exponential distribution and the cumulative distribution function of Rayleigh\u0000 distribution using an application (maximum), as well as derived different statistical\u0000 properties for distribution, and present a structure of a new distribution based on a\u0000 modified weighted version of Azzalini’s (1985) named Modified Weighted Exponential\u0000 Rayleigh distribution such that this new distribution is generalization of the\u0000 distribution and provide some special models of the distribution, as well as derived\u0000 different statistical properties for distribution","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81999411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asprosin was a novel adipokine that was released by white adipose tissue. It was activated by fasting and attracted to the liver, which allowed the liver to rapidly release glucose into the bloodstream. White adipose tissue was the source of asprosin. When people go on a fast, their blood sugar levels drop, which causes levels of the hormone asprosin to rise. It does this by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor in the liver known as OR4M1, which in turn activates a cascade that involves the G -protein-cAMP-PKA pathway. Because of this, the glucose that is stored in the liver is released. We anticipate that by investigating the changes that occur in asprosin levels in hypothyroidism patients, we will be able to make a significant addition to the area and fill a gap that has been left unexplored in the anther researches. Eighty patients (women ) ranging in age from 25 to 65 were collected from the National Diabetes Center Al-Mustansiriyah University (Iraq) for the purpose of this study, which was designed as a cross-sectional study to determine the concentrations of serum ( asprosin, thyroid hormone T3 T4 TSH, Fasting blood glucose FBG, and lipid profile( Total cholesterol TCho,Triglycride TG,high density lipoprotein HDL, Low density lipoprotein LDL, Very low density lipoprotein VLDL) . In the period beginning in December 2021 and continuing until March 2022. This particular study included a total of 80 participants, 40 of whom had thyroid disease (hypothyroidism), and 40 healthy individuals who served as controls. When compared to the control group, the findings of this study indicate that the levels of total cholesterol TC, triglycerideTG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have dramatically increased, whilst the levels of HDL have significantly decreased . A substantial increase in (Fasting blood glucose FBG and Body mass index BMI) levels was also observed, in contrast to the group that served as the control. In patients with hypothyroidism, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH were considerably greater, while the levels of T3 were significantly lower. The T4 level, however, revealed no significant differences when compared to the control group. In addition, the level of asprosin was found to be high in the hypothyroidism group only contrast to the control group that participated in this research. This current study indicates the hormone asprosin could be helpful early diagnosis in monitoring hypothyroidism patients. hormone asprosin is a marker of glucose homeostasis, so it may be surrogate novel biomarker for all other traditional biomarkers for the prediction of risk factors of diabetes and thyroid dysfunction
{"title":"Evaluation of Asprosin Hormone in Hypothyroidism Patients","authors":"Nidaa Ateah, Ahmed Y.Abed, Baydaa A. Abed","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3008","url":null,"abstract":"Asprosin was a novel adipokine that was released by white adipose tissue. It was\u0000 activated by fasting and attracted to the liver, which allowed the liver to rapidly\u0000 release glucose into the bloodstream. White adipose tissue was the source of asprosin.\u0000 When people go on a fast, their blood sugar levels drop, which causes levels of the\u0000 hormone asprosin to rise. It does this by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor in the\u0000 liver known as OR4M1, which in turn activates a cascade that involves the G\u0000 -protein-cAMP-PKA pathway. Because of this, the glucose that is stored in the liver is\u0000 released. We anticipate that by investigating the changes that occur in asprosin levels\u0000 in hypothyroidism patients, we will be able to make a significant addition to the area\u0000 and fill a gap that has been left unexplored in the anther researches. Eighty patients\u0000 (women ) ranging in age from 25 to 65 were collected from the National Diabetes Center\u0000 Al-Mustansiriyah University (Iraq) for the purpose of this study, which was designed as\u0000 a cross-sectional study to determine the concentrations of serum ( asprosin, thyroid\u0000 hormone T3 T4 TSH, Fasting blood glucose FBG, and lipid profile( Total cholesterol\u0000 TCho,Triglycride TG,high density lipoprotein HDL, Low density lipoprotein LDL, Very low\u0000 density lipoprotein VLDL) . In the period beginning in December 2021 and continuing\u0000 until March 2022. This particular study included a total of 80 participants, 40 of whom\u0000 had thyroid disease (hypothyroidism), and 40 healthy individuals who served as controls.\u0000 When compared to the control group, the findings of this study indicate that the\u0000 levels of total cholesterol TC, triglycerideTG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have\u0000 dramatically increased, whilst the levels of HDL have significantly decreased . A\u0000 substantial increase in (Fasting blood glucose FBG and Body mass index BMI) levels was\u0000 also observed, in contrast to the group that served as the control. In patients with\u0000 hypothyroidism, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH were considerably greater,\u0000 while the levels of T3 were significantly lower. The T4 level, however, revealed no\u0000 significant differences when compared to the control group. In addition, the level of\u0000 asprosin was found to be high in the hypothyroidism group only contrast to the control\u0000 group that participated in this research. This current study indicates the hormone\u0000 asprosin could be helpful early diagnosis in monitoring hypothyroidism patients. hormone\u0000 asprosin is a marker of glucose homeostasis, so it may be surrogate novel biomarker for\u0000 all other traditional biomarkers for the prediction of risk factors of diabetes and\u0000 thyroid dysfunction","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79556116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Watermarking" is one method in which digital information is buried in a carrier signal; the hidden information should be related to the carrier signal. There are many different types of digital watermarking, including traditional watermarking that uses visible media (such as snaps, images, or video), and a signal may be carrying many watermarks. Any signal that can tolerate noise, such as audio, video, or picture data, can have a digital watermark implanted in it. A digital watermark must be able to withstand changes that can be made to the carrier signal in order to protect copyright information in media files. The goal of digital watermarking is to ensure the integrity of data, whereas steganography focuses on making information undetectable to humans. Watermarking doesn't alter the original digital image, unlike public-key encryption, but rather creates a new one with embedded secured aspects for integrity. There are no residual effects of encryption on decrypted documents. This work focuses on strong digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection purposes. Watermarks of various sorts and uses were discussed, as well as a review of current watermarking techniques and assaults. The project shows how to watermark an image in the frequency domain using DCT and DWT, as well as in the spatial domain using the LSB approach. When it comes to noise and compression, frequency-domain approaches are far more resilient than LSB. All of these scenarios necessitate the use of the original picture to remove the watermark. Out of the three, the DWT approach has provided the best results. We can improve the resilience of our watermark while having little to no extra influence on image quality by embedding watermarks in these places.
{"title":"Secured Mechanism Towards Integrity of Digital Images Using DWT, DCT, LSB and\u0000 Watermarking Integrations","authors":"Mohammed abd, Osamah Waleed, Allawi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3088","url":null,"abstract":"\"Watermarking\" is one method in which digital information is buried in a carrier\u0000 signal; the hidden information should be related to the carrier signal. There are many\u0000 different types of digital watermarking, including traditional watermarking that uses\u0000 visible media (such as snaps, images, or video), and a signal may be carrying many\u0000 watermarks. Any signal that can tolerate noise, such as audio, video, or picture data,\u0000 can have a digital watermark implanted in it. A digital watermark must be able to\u0000 withstand changes that can be made to the carrier signal in order to protect copyright\u0000 information in media files. The goal of digital watermarking is to ensure the integrity\u0000 of data, whereas steganography focuses on making information undetectable to humans.\u0000 Watermarking doesn't alter the original digital image, unlike public-key encryption, but\u0000 rather creates a new one with embedded secured aspects for integrity. There are no\u0000 residual effects of encryption on decrypted documents. This work focuses on strong\u0000 digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection purposes. Watermarks of\u0000 various sorts and uses were discussed, as well as a review of current watermarking\u0000 techniques and assaults. The project shows how to watermark an image in the frequency\u0000 domain using DCT and DWT, as well as in the spatial domain using the LSB approach. When\u0000 it comes to noise and compression, frequency-domain approaches are far more resilient\u0000 than LSB. All of these scenarios necessitate the use of the original picture to remove\u0000 the watermark. Out of the three, the DWT approach has provided the best results. We can\u0000 improve the resilience of our watermark while having little to no extra influence on\u0000 image quality by embedding watermarks in these places. ","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81306303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anabolic androgenic steroids are being more popular between bodybuilders and people who are using gym to enhance their physiques. However, according to the increase of the laws prohibiting sales of these substances without physician prescription, the route of getting and administration practices have become more and more dangerous. Anabolic androgenic steroids include many synthetic derivatives of testosterone its play a significant role in medical treatment. These groups of medications are extensively abused at young ages to rising lean body mass and advance the athletic quality of performance. It has been described that anabolic steroids use can cause many long and short-term side effects, this study intended to assess the level of knowledge about AAS and its effects among gym users. 50 bodybuilders were using gym routinely and were using AASs for at least 2 months and another who were using gym routinely but never use AAS before were interviewed to show their knowledge about short and long term AASs using side effects. Participants used androgenic hormones for three main reasons health, social and personal, vast majority of the participants obtained the required results by using AAS, The majority of participants were going into the gym five to six times weekly for an hour daily. Enanthate was the main steroid abused by the participants and the gym coaches were the major source of selling steroids to the participants. The anabolic androgenic steroids had a harmful effect and abused by large number of young ages.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Among Male\u0000 Bodybuilders in Al-Russafa Baghdad Province","authors":"S. Mohammed, Challab, Zinah M.Anwer, H. Khalil","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3004","url":null,"abstract":"Anabolic androgenic steroids are being more popular between bodybuilders and\u0000 people who are using gym to enhance their physiques. However, according to the increase\u0000 of the laws prohibiting sales of these substances without physician prescription, the\u0000 route of getting and administration practices have become more and more dangerous.\u0000 Anabolic androgenic steroids include many synthetic derivatives of testosterone its play\u0000 a significant role in medical treatment. These groups of medications are extensively\u0000 abused at young ages to rising lean body mass and advance the athletic quality of\u0000 performance. It has been described that anabolic steroids use can cause many long and\u0000 short-term side effects, this study intended to assess the level of knowledge about AAS\u0000 and its effects among gym users. 50 bodybuilders were using gym routinely and were using\u0000 AASs for at least 2 months and another who were using gym routinely but never use AAS\u0000 before were interviewed to show their knowledge about short and long term AASs using\u0000 side effects. Participants used androgenic hormones for three main reasons health,\u0000 social and personal, vast majority of the participants obtained the required results by\u0000 using AAS, The majority of participants were going into the gym five to six times weekly\u0000 for an hour daily. Enanthate was the main steroid abused by the participants and the gym\u0000 coaches were the major source of selling steroids to the participants. The anabolic\u0000 androgenic steroids had a harmful effect and abused by large number of young ages.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87143399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A class of hyperrings known as divisible hyperrings will be studied in this paper. It will be presented as each element in this hyperring is a divisible element. Also shows the relationship between the Jacobsen Radical, and the set of invertible elements and gets some results, and linked these results with the divisible hyperring. After going through the concept of divisible hypermodule that presented by Sopon Boriboon and Sajee Pianskool in 2017, later in 2022 by Hashem Bordbar, and Irina Cristea, the concept of the divisible hyperring will be related to the concept of division hyperring, where each division hyperring is divisible and the converse is achieved under conditions that will be explained in the theorem 3.14. At the end of this paper, it will be clear that the goal of this paper is to study the concept of divisible hyperring by giving some examples, remarks, and results that are related to the concept of divisible hyperrings
{"title":"Some Results on the Divisible Hyperrings","authors":"Mayssam Fadel, T. A. Ibrahiem","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3028","url":null,"abstract":" A class of hyperrings known as divisible hyperrings will be studied in this\u0000 paper. It will be presented as each element in this hyperring is a divisible element.\u0000 Also shows the relationship between the Jacobsen Radical, and the set of invertible\u0000 elements and gets some results, and linked these results with the divisible hyperring.\u0000 After going through the concept of divisible hypermodule that presented by Sopon\u0000 Boriboon and Sajee Pianskool in 2017, later in 2022 by Hashem Bordbar, and Irina\u0000 Cristea, the concept of the divisible hyperring will be related to the concept of\u0000 division hyperring, where each division hyperring is divisible and the converse is\u0000 achieved under conditions that will be explained in the theorem 3.14. At the end of this\u0000 paper, it will be clear that the goal of this paper is to study the concept of divisible\u0000 hyperring by giving some examples, remarks, and results that are related to the concept\u0000 of divisible hyperrings","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83352327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, polyester composites reinforced with pistachio shells powder (P.) with an averagediameter (150 – 200 μm) with different weight ratios (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) wereprepared to the resin. The Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity (K), and the glass transitiontemperature (Tg) of the samples were examined. The results showed that the Shore D hardnessincreases with the increase of the reinforcement ratio and its maximum value is (87.55) at (2.5%P.) While the value of hardness at (0%) is (86.5). The thermal conductivity increases slightly withthe increase in the percentage of reinforcement and its maximum value is (0.213253 W/ m. K) at(2.5% P.), while the value of K at (0% P.) is (0.170264W/ m. K), but with this slight increase inthermal conductivity, polyester composites remain from the insulating materials. The minimum(Tg) of (UPE/ P.) composites was the value (113.898°C) at (2.5% P.). Polyester composites areused in wood paints, either in primitive finishes or final finishes.
本研究以平均直径为150 ~ 200 μm的开心果壳粉(P.)为增强材料，制备了不同重量比(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%)的复合材料。测定了样品的邵氏硬度、导热系数(K)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。结果表明:邵氏硬度随配筋率的增加而增大，在(2.5%P)时达到最大值(87.55);而(0%)时的硬度值为(86.5)。随着增强率的增加，复合材料的导热系数略有增加，在(2.5% P.)时导热系数最大值为(0.213253 W/ m. K)，在(0% P.)时导热系数最大值为(0.170264W/ m. K)，但随着增强率的增加，复合材料的导热系数仍保持在绝缘材料的水平。(UPE/ p)复合材料在(2.5% p)下的最小Tg值为113.898°C。聚酯复合材料用于木器漆，无论是原始饰面还是最终饰面。
{"title":"Effect of Pistachio Husks Powder Additive on Unsaturated Polyester Composites","authors":"R. Fadhil, Shatha H. Mahdi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3055","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, polyester composites reinforced with pistachio shells powder (P.)\u0000 with an averagediameter (150 – 200 μm) with different weight ratios (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%,\u0000 and 2.5%) wereprepared to the resin. The Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity (K), and\u0000 the glass transitiontemperature (Tg) of the samples were examined. The results showed\u0000 that the Shore D hardnessincreases with the increase of the reinforcement ratio and its\u0000 maximum value is (87.55) at (2.5%P.) While the value of hardness at (0%) is (86.5). The\u0000 thermal conductivity increases slightly withthe increase in the percentage of\u0000 reinforcement and its maximum value is (0.213253 W/ m. K) at(2.5% P.), while the value\u0000 of K at (0% P.) is (0.170264W/ m. K), but with this slight increase inthermal\u0000 conductivity, polyester composites remain from the insulating materials. The minimum(Tg)\u0000 of (UPE/ P.) composites was the value (113.898°C) at (2.5% P.). Polyester composites\u0000 areused in wood paints, either in primitive finishes or final finishes.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79211658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural properties of the CuO nanopowder oxide prepared reflux techniquewithout any templates or surfactant, using copper nitrate hydrate (Cu(NO)3 3H2O) in deionizedwater with aqueous ammonia solution are reported. The Xrd analysis data and processing in originpro program used to get FWHM and integral width to study the effect of different synthesis timeswas studied on the structural properties. It was found that values of crystal sizes are 17.274nm,17.746nm, and 18.560nm, the size of nanoparticles is determined by Halder-Wagner, and 15.796nm, 15.851nm, and 16.52nm, were calculated by Size-Strain Plot (SSP) method. The Sample wasconsidered to determine physical and microstructural parameters such as internal strain,dislocations density, surface area, and the number of unit cells and then to compare the results.
{"title":"Effect of the Synthesis Time on Structural Properties of Copper Oxide","authors":"K. Alsoltani, Khalid H. Harbbi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3024","url":null,"abstract":"The structural properties of the CuO nanopowder oxide prepared reflux\u0000 techniquewithout any templates or surfactant, using copper nitrate hydrate (Cu(NO)3\u0000 3H2O) in deionizedwater with aqueous ammonia solution are reported. The Xrd analysis\u0000 data and processing in originpro program used to get FWHM and integral width to study\u0000 the effect of different synthesis timeswas studied on the structural properties. It was\u0000 found that values of crystal sizes are 17.274nm,17.746nm, and 18.560nm, the size of\u0000 nanoparticles is determined by Halder-Wagner, and 15.796nm, 15.851nm, and 16.52nm, were\u0000 calculated by Size-Strain Plot (SSP) method. The Sample wasconsidered to determine\u0000 physical and microstructural parameters such as internal strain,dislocations density,\u0000 surface area, and the number of unit cells and then to compare the results.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82438615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ytterbium-doped (Y2O3), (Sc2O3) and (YAG) crystals are very important for high-power thin-disk lasers. These lasers have shown their ability to operate quasi-three-level materials with high efficiency as well as high thermal conductivity ratio for crystalline hosts. All these reasons have required studying this type of laser. In the present work, the analytical solution was found for the equation of laser output power, pumping threshold power, and efficiency of a quasi-three-level thin disk laser. The numerical solution of these equations was also found through the Matlab program at the fundamental transverse mode, at a temperature of 299K0and with high pumping capabilities in order to know the effect of the type of crystal host (YAG, Sc2O3,Lu2O3) on the laser production of this design and thermal effect when operating continuously. We found out that the crystal host (Lu2O3) was the best type of these hosts in obtaining the highest laser output power and efficiency at all values of pumping power
{"title":"Theoretical Study of the Effects Type of Host’s Crystal on the Lasing Output of\u0000 High – Power Thin –Disk Laser","authors":"Mustafa Muwafaq Muhammed, Mudhir Shihab","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2937","url":null,"abstract":"Ytterbium-doped (Y2O3), (Sc2O3) and (YAG) crystals are very important for\u0000 high-power thin-disk lasers. These lasers have shown their ability to operate\u0000 quasi-three-level materials with high efficiency as well as high thermal conductivity\u0000 ratio for crystalline hosts. All these reasons have required studying this type of\u0000 laser. In the present work, the analytical solution was found for the equation of laser\u0000 output power, pumping threshold power, and efficiency of a quasi-three-level thin disk\u0000 laser. The numerical solution of these equations was also found through the Matlab\u0000 program at the fundamental transverse mode, at a temperature of 299K0and with high\u0000 pumping capabilities in order to know the effect of the type of crystal host (YAG,\u0000 Sc2O3,Lu2O3) on the laser production of this design and thermal effect when operating\u0000 continuously. We found out that the crystal host (Lu2O3) was the best type of these\u0000 hosts in obtaining the highest laser output power and efficiency at all values of\u0000 pumping power","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91091751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, two parameters for the Exponential distribution were estimated using theBayesian estimation method under three different loss functions: the Squared error loss function,the Precautionary loss function, and the Entropy loss function. The Exponential distribution priorand Gamma distribution have been assumed as the priors of the scale γ and location δ parametersrespectively. In Bayesian estimation, Maximum likelihood estimators have been used as the initialestimators, and the Tierney-Kadane approximation has been used effectively. Based on the MonteCarlosimulation method, those estimators were compared depending on the mean squared errors (MSEs).The results showed that the Bayesian estimation under the Entropy loss function,assuming Exponential distribution and Gamma distribution priors for the scale and locationparameters, respectively, is the best estimator for the scale parameter. The best estimation methodfor location is the Bayesian estimation under the Entropy loss function in case of a small value ofthe scale γ (say γ < 1). Bayesian estimation under the Precautionary loss function is the best incase of a relatively large value of the scale γ (say γ > 1).
{"title":"Bayesian Estimation for Two Parameters of Exponential Distribution under Different\u0000 Loss Functions","authors":"H. Rasheed, Maryam N. Abd","doi":"10.30526/36.2.2946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2946","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two parameters for the Exponential distribution were estimated\u0000 using theBayesian estimation method under three different loss functions: the Squared\u0000 error loss function,the Precautionary loss function, and the Entropy loss function. The\u0000 Exponential distribution priorand Gamma distribution have been assumed as the priors of\u0000 the scale γ and location δ parametersrespectively. In Bayesian estimation, Maximum\u0000 likelihood estimators have been used as the initialestimators, and the Tierney-Kadane\u0000 approximation has been used effectively. Based on the MonteCarlosimulation method, those\u0000 estimators were compared depending on the mean squared errors (MSEs).The results showed\u0000 that the Bayesian estimation under the Entropy loss function,assuming Exponential\u0000 distribution and Gamma distribution priors for the scale and locationparameters,\u0000 respectively, is the best estimator for the scale parameter. The best estimation\u0000 methodfor location is the Bayesian estimation under the Entropy loss function in case of\u0000 a small value ofthe scale γ (say γ < 1). Bayesian estimation under the Precautionary\u0000 loss function is the best incase of a relatively large value of the scale γ (say γ >\u0000 1).","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1982 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82203919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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