Time series analysis is the statistical approach used to analyze a series of data. Time series is the most popular statistical method for forecasting, which is widely used in several statistical and economic applications. The wavelet transform is a powerful mathematical technique that converts an analyzed signal into a time-frequency representation. The wavelet transform method provides signal information in both the time domain and frequency domain. The aims of this study are to propose a wavelet function by derivation of a quotient from two different Fibonacci coefficient polynomials, as well as a comparison between ARIMA and wavelet-ARIMA. The time series data for daily wind speed is used for this study. From the obtained results, the proposed wavelet-ARIMA is the most appropriate wavelet for wind speed. As compared to wavelets the proposed wavelet is the most appropriate wavelet for wind speed forecasting, it gives us less value of MAE and RMSE.
{"title":"Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules(II)","authors":"Layla A. Ahmed, M. Mohammed","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3060","url":null,"abstract":" Time series analysis is the statistical approach used to analyze a series of\u0000 data. Time series is the most popular statistical method for forecasting, which is\u0000 widely used in several statistical and economic applications. The wavelet transform is a\u0000 powerful mathematical technique that converts an analyzed signal into a time-frequency\u0000 representation. The wavelet transform method provides signal information in both the\u0000 time domain and frequency domain. The aims of this study are to propose a wavelet\u0000 function by derivation of a quotient from two different Fibonacci coefficient\u0000 polynomials, as well as a comparison between ARIMA and wavelet-ARIMA. The time series\u0000 data for daily wind speed is used for this study. From the obtained results, the\u0000 proposed wavelet-ARIMA is the most appropriate wavelet for wind speed. As compared to\u0000 wavelets the proposed wavelet is the most appropriate wavelet for wind speed\u0000 forecasting, it gives us less value of MAE and RMSE.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let be a module over a commutative ring with identity. In this paper we intoduce the concept of Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing submodule, where a proper submodule of an -module is said to be Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing submodule of if whenever , for , implies that either or , this concept is a generalization of 2_Absorbing submodule, semi 2-Absorbing submodule, and strong form of (Nearly–2–Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly Semi–2–Absorbing) submodules. Several properties characterizations, and examples concerning this new notion are given. We study the relation between Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing submodule and (2_Absorbing, Nearly_2_Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly Semi–2–Absorbing) submodules and the converse of this relation is true under certain condition. Also, we introduced many characterizations of Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing submodules in some types of modules.
{"title":"Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing Submodule(I)","authors":"Mohmad Essa Dahash, Haibat K. Mohammadali","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3021","url":null,"abstract":"Let be a module over a commutative ring with identity. In this paper we intoduce\u0000 the concept of Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing submodule, where a proper\u0000 submodule of an -module is said to be Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing\u0000 submodule of if whenever , for , implies that either or , this concept is a\u0000 generalization of 2_Absorbing submodule, semi 2-Absorbing submodule, and strong form of\u0000 (Nearly–2–Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly Semi–2–Absorbing) submodules.\u0000 Several properties characterizations, and examples concerning this new notion are given.\u0000 We study the relation between Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing submodule and\u0000 (2_Absorbing, Nearly_2_Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly Semi–2–Absorbing)\u0000 submodules and the converse of this relation is true under certain condition. Also, we\u0000 introduced many characterizations of Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing\u0000 submodules in some types of modules.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90842069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riyam Ahmed, Talib Abdullah Hussein, Suaad Almas Brakhas
A skin condition known as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), which lacks an obvious triggering factor, is characterized by recurrent transient wheals, angioedema, or both for longer than six weeks. the current study was focused to study compared and diagnosis CSU by using heamatological and immunological parameters as (White blood cell count, eosinophils (EO), IL-6 and Total-IgE, in Chronic Urticaria patients were Clinically diagnosed by dermatologists in Specialized Center of Allergy in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa with age ranged between (11-60), as well as a control group included 40 with age ranged between (11-60). The results of demographic and clinical characteristics displayed the rate of female patients was higher than male which represented by 56.3 and 43.8% respectively. The results showed there was highly significant differences between the patients and the control in WBC , Total-IgE ,IL-6 the results showed EO was higher than control but no significant difference at p ≤ 0.05. The eosinophils percentage was high in age 51-60 and 21-30 year while those with age 41-50 and 51-60 year had highest, Total-IgE level 211.7 ±38.96 IU/ml, 211.69 ±38.71IU/ml respectively but IL-6 level was highest 26.4 ±1.77 pg/ml in patients with age group 21-30 year. WBC count in age 41-50 and 51-60 year showed highest count 9.2 ±1.34 cell/cm³blood, 9.3±1.21 cell/cm³blood respectively. In same time the values of parameters were various between patients without treatment and in patients who undergoes into treatment, Finally The ROC showed the IL-6 and Total-IgE were discriminated as accurate biomarkers for CSU.
{"title":"Evaluation of IL-6 and IgE Levels in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Spontaneous\u0000 Urticaria (CSU) in Baghdad, Iraq.","authors":"Riyam Ahmed, Talib Abdullah Hussein, Suaad Almas Brakhas","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3010","url":null,"abstract":"A skin condition known as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), which lacks an\u0000 obvious triggering factor, is characterized by recurrent transient wheals, angioedema,\u0000 or both for longer than six weeks. the current study was focused to study compared and\u0000 diagnosis CSU by using heamatological and immunological parameters as (White blood cell\u0000 count, eosinophils (EO), IL-6 and Total-IgE, in Chronic Urticaria patients were\u0000 Clinically diagnosed by dermatologists in Specialized Center of Allergy in\u0000 Baghdad/Al-Rusafa with age ranged between (11-60), as well as a control group included\u0000 40 with age ranged between (11-60). The results of demographic and clinical\u0000 characteristics displayed the rate of female patients was higher than male which\u0000 represented by 56.3 and 43.8% respectively. The results showed there was highly\u0000 significant differences between the patients and the control in WBC , Total-IgE ,IL-6 \u0000 the results showed EO was higher than control but no significant difference at p ≤\u0000 0.05. The eosinophils percentage was high in age 51-60 and 21-30 year while those with\u0000 age 41-50 and 51-60 year had highest, Total-IgE level 211.7 ±38.96 IU/ml, 211.69\u0000 ±38.71IU/ml respectively but IL-6 level was highest 26.4 ±1.77 pg/ml in patients with\u0000 age group 21-30 year. WBC count in age 41-50 and 51-60 year showed highest count 9.2\u0000 ±1.34 cell/cm³blood, 9.3±1.21 cell/cm³blood respectively. In same time the values of\u0000 parameters were various between patients without treatment and in patients who undergoes\u0000 into treatment, Finally The ROC showed the IL-6 and Total-IgE were discriminated as\u0000 accurate biomarkers for CSU.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84636577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In mammals, the kidneys originate in an embryo from the mesoderm through three excretory organs, namely: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. After the formation of Metanephros is completed, the kidneys begin to form nephrogenesis through mesenchymal cells located at the tip of the ureteric bud, that contribute in the formation of glomerulus and Renal tubules. The stages of glomerulus formation in the embryo of albino mice at the age of 14 to 19 days of gestation were studied. It was obtained after the sacrifice of the expectant mother and the kidneys were excised from the embryos and fixed using Aqueous Bouin's solution, Microscopic slices with a thickness of 6 microns were then made in a paraffin method and were photographed by a camera for microscopic imaging. Histological measurements were performed on them using the program IMAGE J program and analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. Results of the current study showed the presence of five stages of glomerulus formation, namely, the renal vesicle, which represents the first stage in the formation of the nephron and glomerulus. This is followed by the Comma shape stage, S-shaped stage, Capillary loop stage and finally the Mature glomerulus. This is surrounded by a capsule, known as Bowman’s capsule being part of the Malpighian or Renal corpuscle. The statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the average diameters of the glomerular development stages, and that the mature glomerulus was larger in diameter than the rest of the stages. The study aims to determine the stages of glomerulus formation and histologically measure its diameter in the embryo of a Mus musculus.
{"title":"Glomerulogenesis and Histomorphometeric in Mus musculus Embryo","authors":"Amar Alzubaidi, N. Al-Bakri, Ateeq M. J. Alarami","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3000","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, the kidneys originate in an embryo from the mesoderm through three\u0000 excretory organs, namely: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. After the formation\u0000 of Metanephros is completed, the kidneys begin to form nephrogenesis through mesenchymal\u0000 cells located at the tip of the ureteric bud, that contribute in the formation of\u0000 glomerulus and Renal tubules. The stages of glomerulus formation in the embryo of albino\u0000 mice at the age of 14 to 19 days of gestation were studied. It was obtained after the\u0000 sacrifice of the expectant mother and the kidneys were excised from the embryos and\u0000 fixed using Aqueous Bouin's solution, Microscopic slices with a thickness of 6 microns\u0000 were then made in a paraffin method and were photographed by a camera for microscopic\u0000 imaging. Histological measurements were performed on them using the program IMAGE J\u0000 program and analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. Results of the current\u0000 study showed the presence of five stages of glomerulus formation, namely, the renal\u0000 vesicle, which represents the first stage in the formation of the nephron and\u0000 glomerulus. This is followed by the Comma shape stage, S-shaped stage, Capillary loop\u0000 stage and finally the Mature glomerulus. This is surrounded by a capsule, known as\u0000 Bowman’s capsule being part of the Malpighian or Renal corpuscle. The statistical\u0000 analysis showed that there were significant differences between the average diameters of\u0000 the glomerular development stages, and that the mature glomerulus was larger in diameter\u0000 than the rest of the stages. The study aims to determine the stages of glomerulus\u0000 formation and histologically measure its diameter in the embryo of a Mus musculus. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75910059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current study deals with the effect of N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced traumatic brain injury on male albino rats, as well as the outcome results of treatment with paclitaxel nanoparticles for a period of 8 weeks with two-week intervals is the concern of the present study. Mean body weight, as well as brain weight, was considered as the main parameters whereas a detailed immunohistochemical study on rat brain sections was performed. Astrocytic biomarkers for the diagnosis of astrocytes by fibrillary glial acidic protein (GFAP). Neuronal GFAP staining used for various broke sections were forwarded. Comparison and Contrast of all these parameters in all steps of the experiment had been discussed. The efficiency of the treatment was found to be evident. The effect on body weight was significant whereas brain weight results showed insignificant differences. A longer duration of treatment may well reflect more significant results.
{"title":"Remedy Efficiency through Paclitaxel on Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Brain Injury and\u0000 Risk Premium of N- Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) Injection","authors":"Bashdar Saeed, Hamad amin, B. Hamdi","doi":"10.30526/36.2.3026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.3026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study deals with the effect of N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)\u0000 induced traumatic brain injury on male albino rats, as well as the outcome results of\u0000 treatment with paclitaxel nanoparticles for a period of 8 weeks with two-week intervals\u0000 is the concern of the present study. Mean body weight, as well as brain weight, was\u0000 considered as the main parameters whereas a detailed immunohistochemical study on rat\u0000 brain sections was performed. Astrocytic biomarkers for the diagnosis of astrocytes by\u0000 fibrillary glial acidic protein (GFAP). Neuronal GFAP staining used for various broke\u0000 sections were forwarded. Comparison and Contrast of all these parameters in all steps of\u0000 the experiment had been discussed. The efficiency of the treatment was found to be\u0000 evident. The effect on body weight was significant whereas brain weight results showed\u0000 insignificant differences. A longer duration of treatment may well reflect more\u0000 significant results.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the Earth's surface was studied in Razzaza Lake for 25 years, using remote sensing methods. Images of the satellites Landsat 5 (TM) and 8 (OLI) were used to study and determine the components of the land cover. The study covered the years 1995-2021 with an interval of 5 years, as this region is uninhabited, so the change in the land cover is slow. The land cover was divided into three main classes and seven subclasses and classified using the maximum likelihood classifier with the help of training sets collected to represent the classes that made up the land cover. The changes detected in the land cover were studied by considering 1995 as a reference year. It was found that there was a significant reduction in the water mass that made up the lake and its transformation into arid land. The vegetation cover was characterized by the relative stability of the crop class. Its constant percent ranged 60% to 80%, unlike the natural plant class, which fluctuates due to its dependence on environmental factors, which is characterized by change. The Kaju presence of continuous change between soil subclasses was due to the different environments affecting the study area. The most affected class was the shallow water class, which disappeared as a result of the drought experienced by the lake.
{"title":"A Study of the Land Cover of Razzaza Lake during the Past 25 Years Using Remote Sensing Methods","authors":"Noor S. Ahmed, H. Abduljabbar","doi":"10.30526/36.1.2893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2893","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the Earth's surface was studied in Razzaza Lake for 25 years, using remote sensing methods. Images of the satellites Landsat 5 (TM) and 8 (OLI) were used to study and determine the components of the land cover. The study covered the years 1995-2021 with an interval of 5 years, as this region is uninhabited, so the change in the land cover is slow. The land cover was divided into three main classes and seven subclasses and classified using the maximum likelihood classifier with the help of training sets collected to represent the classes that made up the land cover. The changes detected in the land cover were studied by considering 1995 as a reference year. It was found that there was a significant reduction in the water mass that made up the lake and its transformation into arid land. The vegetation cover was characterized by the relative stability of the crop class. Its constant percent ranged 60% to 80%, unlike the natural plant class, which fluctuates due to its dependence on environmental factors, which is characterized by change. The Kaju presence of continuous change between soil subclasses was due to the different environments affecting the study area. The most affected class was the shallow water class, which disappeared as a result of the drought experienced by the lake.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73877166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytoplankton community is a model for of monitoring aquatic systems and interpreting the environmental change in aquatic systems. The present study aimed to forecast environmental parameters that drive the change of phytoplankton community structure in the lake. The present study was carried out in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake (BTIL) for the period From October 2021 to May 2022. The study included the quality and quantity of phytoplankton, moreover, the highest and lowest value of the physical and chemical parameters were (Water temperature (13-30 °C), Light penetration (94-275cm), electric conductivity (837-1128 µS/cm), salinity (0.5-0.7 ‰), pH (7-8.2), total alkalinity (126-226 mg CaCO3/L), total Hardness (297-395 mg CaCO3/L), Calcium (62-98 mg/L), Magnesium (59-75mg/L), Sodium (45-77 mg/L), Potassium (4-9 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (6-9 mg/L), total dissolved solids (586-777 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.1-0.7 mg/L), total nitrogen (0.2-3 mg/L). Monthly samples were taken from the subsurface water from three sampling sites in the Lake and the results and presented as dry and wet seasons. A total of 127 algal taxa was identified in the dry and wet seasons with the dominancy of diatoms (Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Navicula, Ulnaria) and followed by Cyanophyceae (Oscillatoria, Merismopedia) and Chlorophyceae (Cladophora), while Dinophyceae (Ceratium, Gymnodinium), and Euglenophyceae (Euglena) were uncommon. The lowest total cell number of phytoplankton was 221cell*104 /L in the first site during the wet season, while the highest total cell number of phytoplankton was recorded at the third site with 323×104 cells/L in the dry season. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the impact of environmental parameters on phytoplankton community structure. Therefore, the changes in phytoplankton species were noticed in the present study in comparison with previous periods and this finding is a warning of alteration in the environmental condition of the lake.
{"title":"Environmental parameters drive the phytoplankton community structure: a case study in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake, Iraq","authors":"Taibat A. Wahhab, F. M. Hassan","doi":"10.30526/36.1.3001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.3001","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton community is a model for of monitoring aquatic systems and interpreting the environmental change in aquatic systems. The present study aimed to forecast environmental parameters that drive the change of phytoplankton community structure in the lake. The present study was carried out in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake (BTIL) for the period From October 2021 to May 2022. The study included the quality and quantity of phytoplankton, moreover, the highest and lowest value of the physical and chemical parameters were (Water temperature (13-30 °C), Light penetration (94-275cm), electric conductivity (837-1128 µS/cm), salinity (0.5-0.7 ‰), pH (7-8.2), total alkalinity (126-226 mg CaCO3/L), total Hardness (297-395 mg CaCO3/L), Calcium (62-98 mg/L), Magnesium (59-75mg/L), Sodium (45-77 mg/L), Potassium (4-9 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (6-9 mg/L), total dissolved solids (586-777 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.1-0.7 mg/L), total nitrogen (0.2-3 mg/L). Monthly samples were taken from the subsurface water from three sampling sites in the Lake and the results and presented as dry and wet seasons. A total of 127 algal taxa was identified in the dry and wet seasons with the dominancy of diatoms (Nitzschia, Gomphonema, Navicula, Ulnaria) and followed by Cyanophyceae (Oscillatoria, Merismopedia) and Chlorophyceae (Cladophora), while Dinophyceae (Ceratium, Gymnodinium), and Euglenophyceae (Euglena) were uncommon. The lowest total cell number of phytoplankton was 221cell*104 /L in the first site during the wet season, while the highest total cell number of phytoplankton was recorded at the third site with 323×104 cells/L in the dry season. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the impact of environmental parameters on phytoplankton community structure. Therefore, the changes in phytoplankton species were noticed in the present study in comparison with previous periods and this finding is a warning of alteration in the environmental condition of the lake. ","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study consists of video clips of all cars parked in the selected area. The studied camera height is1.5 m, and the video clips are 18video clips. Images are extracted from the video clip to be used for training data for the cascade method. Cascade classification is used to detect license plates after the training step. Viola-jones algorithm was applied to the output of the cascade data for camera height (1.5m). The accuracy was calculated for all data with different weather conditions and local time recoding in two ways. The first used the detection of the car plate based on the video clip, and the accuracy was 100%. The second is using the clipped images stored in the positive file, based on the training file (XML file), where the accuracy was 99.8%.
{"title":"Automatic Detection and Recognition of Car Plates Based on Cascade Classifier","authors":"Noor M. Hashem, H. K. Abbas","doi":"10.30526/36.1.2895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2895","url":null,"abstract":"The study consists of video clips of all cars parked in the selected area. The studied camera height is1.5 m, and the video clips are 18video clips. Images are extracted from the video clip to be used for training data for the cascade method. Cascade classification is used to detect license plates after the training step. Viola-jones algorithm was applied to the output of the cascade data for camera height (1.5m). The accuracy was calculated for all data with different weather conditions and local time recoding in two ways. The first used the detection of the car plate based on the video clip, and the accuracy was 100%. The second is using the clipped images stored in the positive file, based on the training file (XML file), where the accuracy was 99.8%.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74171055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transformation and many other substitution methods have been used to solve non-linear differential fractional equations. In this present work, the homotopy perturbation method to solve the non-linear differential fractional equation with the help of He’s Polynomials is provided as the transformation plays an essential role in solving differential linear and non-linear equations. Here is the α-Sumudu technique to find the relevant results of the gas dynamics equation in fractional order. To calculate the non-linear fractional gas dynamical problem, a consumer method created on the new homotopy perturbation a-Sumudu transformation method (HP TM) is suggested. In the Caputo type, the derivative is evaluated. a-Sumudu homotopy perturbation technique and He’s polynomials are all incorporated in the HPSaTM. The availability of He’s polynomials could be used to conveniently manage the non-linearity. The suggested approach shows that the strategy is simple to implement and provides results that can be compared to the results gained from any other transformation technique.
{"title":"α-Sumudu Transformation Homotopy Perturbation Technique on Fractional Gas Dynamical Equation","authors":"Ali Moazzam, Adnan Shokat, Emad A. Kuffi","doi":"10.30526/36.1.3029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.3029","url":null,"abstract":" Transformation and many other substitution methods have been used to solve non-linear differential fractional equations. In this present work, the homotopy perturbation method to solve the non-linear differential fractional equation with the help of He’s Polynomials is provided as the transformation plays an essential role in solving differential linear and non-linear equations. Here is the α-Sumudu technique to find the relevant results of the gas dynamics equation in fractional order. To calculate the non-linear fractional gas dynamical problem, a consumer method created on the new homotopy perturbation a-Sumudu transformation method (HP TM) is suggested. In the Caputo type, the derivative is evaluated. a-Sumudu homotopy perturbation technique and He’s polynomials are all incorporated in the HPSaTM. The availability of He’s polynomials could be used to conveniently manage the non-linearity. The suggested approach shows that the strategy is simple to implement and provides results that can be compared to the results gained from any other transformation technique.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73885498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Csaszar introduced the concept of generalized topological space and a new open set in a generalized topological space called -preopen in 2002 and 2005, respectively. Definitions of -preinterior and -preclosuer were given. Successively, several studies have appeared to give many generalizations for an open set. The object of our paper is to give a new type of generalization of an open set in a generalized topological space called -semi-p-open set. We present the definition of this set with its equivalent. We give definitions of -semi-p-interior and -semi-p-closure of a set and discuss their properties. Also the properties of -preinterior and -preclosuer are discussed. In addition, we give a new type of continuous function in a generalized topological space as -semi-p-continuous function and -semi-p-irresolute function. The relationship between them are showen. We prove that every -open ( -preopen) set is an -semi-p-open set, but not conversely. Every -semi-p-irresolute function is an -semi-p-continuous function, but not conversely. Also we show that the union of any family of -semi-p-open sets is an -semi-p-open set, but the intersection of two -semi-p-open sets need not to be an -semi-p-open set.
{"title":"Ϣ-Semi-p Open Set","authors":"Muna L. Abd Ul Ridha, S. G. Gasim","doi":"10.30526/36.1.2969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2969","url":null,"abstract":"Csaszar introduced the concept of generalized topological space and a new open set in a generalized topological space called -preopen in 2002 and 2005, respectively. Definitions of -preinterior and -preclosuer were given. Successively, several studies have appeared to give many generalizations for an open set. The object of our paper is to give a new type of generalization of an open set in a generalized topological space called -semi-p-open set. We present the definition of this set with its equivalent. We give definitions of -semi-p-interior and -semi-p-closure of a set and discuss their properties. Also the properties of -preinterior and -preclosuer are discussed. In addition, we give a new type of continuous function in a generalized topological space as -semi-p-continuous function and -semi-p-irresolute function. The relationship between them are showen. We prove that every -open ( -preopen) set is an -semi-p-open set, but not conversely. Every -semi-p-irresolute function is an -semi-p-continuous function, but not conversely. Also we show that the union of any family of -semi-p-open sets is an -semi-p-open set, but the intersection of two -semi-p-open sets need not to be an -semi-p-open set.","PeriodicalId":13022,"journal":{"name":"Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85078078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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