Music is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is used to shape personal, community, and cultural identities and forms the basis of significant economic activity and engagement. Given that musical activities are predicated on social interaction, the potential of social media to intensify and extend musical action has significant implications for developing a critical approach to music education for twenty-first century citizens. This paper explores the intersection of social media, educational theory, and music education to argue for the importance of transforming elements of music education to reflect the ways in which individuals currently navigate the various uses (and abuses) of music in a digitally networked society, where music is a powerful social and cultural tool. A current exploratory study of music education and social media is discussed, and the implications for a "future" music education are presented.
{"title":"Challenging Music Education: The Transformative Potential of Social Media","authors":"Stephanie Horsley, Janice Waldron","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097329","url":null,"abstract":"Music is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is used to shape personal, community, and cultural identities and forms the basis of significant economic activity and engagement. Given that musical activities are predicated on social interaction, the potential of social media to intensify and extend musical action has significant implications for developing a critical approach to music education for twenty-first century citizens. This paper explores the intersection of social media, educational theory, and music education to argue for the importance of transforming elements of music education to reflect the ways in which individuals currently navigate the various uses (and abuses) of music in a digitally networked society, where music is a powerful social and cultural tool. A current exploratory study of music education and social media is discussed, and the implications for a \"future\" music education are presented.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122587087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In contemporary U.S. culture celebrities compete for attention and publicize their work using social media tools. Twitter is a popular platform that celebrities use to post a variety of content, however little is known about the potency of these different types of content to draw audience attention and participation. In this paper, we outline a scheme for classifying content created by celebrity users on Twitter and analyze the audience engagement to these diverse types of tweets. We find that different types of content produce different levels of audience engagement and that a celebrity's everyday usage of Twitter (selfies, photos of travels, humour, etc.) produces the most engagement, followed by self-endorsement and commentary about society. But we also find that these patterns vary between celebrities, and audiences are not identical in their response to the content. We likewise determine that there is some other source of unexplained variation, likely resulting from Twitter's recommendation algorithms or external media coverage. As part of our study, we propose a unique coding scheme which enhances the effectiveness of inter-coder reliability, reducing the time to code.
{"title":"How Celebrities Feed Tweeples with Personal and Promotional Tweets: Celebrity Twitter Use and Audience Engagement","authors":"Sanchari Das, J. Goard, Dakota S. Murray","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097316","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary U.S. culture celebrities compete for attention and publicize their work using social media tools. Twitter is a popular platform that celebrities use to post a variety of content, however little is known about the potency of these different types of content to draw audience attention and participation. In this paper, we outline a scheme for classifying content created by celebrity users on Twitter and analyze the audience engagement to these diverse types of tweets. We find that different types of content produce different levels of audience engagement and that a celebrity's everyday usage of Twitter (selfies, photos of travels, humour, etc.) produces the most engagement, followed by self-endorsement and commentary about society. But we also find that these patterns vary between celebrities, and audiences are not identical in their response to the content. We likewise determine that there is some other source of unexplained variation, likely resulting from Twitter's recommendation algorithms or external media coverage. As part of our study, we propose a unique coding scheme which enhances the effectiveness of inter-coder reliability, reducing the time to code.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114140721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper draws upon a sample of Instagram images posted by the fashion industry's top "digital influencers" to explore what kinds of visuality succeeds in a social media environment increasingly dominated by metrics and commercialization. It argues that influential beauty on Instagram is "measured" in two ways: it is quantified and delivered to advertisers, and it is non-threatening. This dual nature allows influencers' Instagram feeds to become useful spaces onto which a range of aspirations can be projected and new technologies for monetization can be tested.
{"title":"Measured Beauty: Exploring the aesthetics of Instagram's fashion influencers","authors":"Emily Hund","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws upon a sample of Instagram images posted by the fashion industry's top \"digital influencers\" to explore what kinds of visuality succeeds in a social media environment increasingly dominated by metrics and commercialization. It argues that influential beauty on Instagram is \"measured\" in two ways: it is quantified and delivered to advertisers, and it is non-threatening. This dual nature allows influencers' Instagram feeds to become useful spaces onto which a range of aspirations can be projected and new technologies for monetization can be tested.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131374739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social networks play an instrumental role in maintaining civilian resilience. During natural disasters and military conflicts, people use online platforms in an effort to reduce loss of human life and foster access to resources in their communities. The emergent mode of collective action, aimed at mitigating casualties by organizing into self-reliant human networks, highlights the infrastructural properties of social media. In a non-deterministic sense, platform affordances define associations and processes that constitute the social infrastructures at the core of civilian resilience networks. This study uses infrastructure ethnography to advance the theoretical understanding of social infrastructures in the context of the ongoing military conflict in eastern Ukraine. Between 2014 and 2016, building upon existing capacities of Facebook, thousands of Ukrainian civilians engaged in a collaborative effort to provide ordnance and supplies to the Ukrainian Armed Forces, preventing the violent conflict from spreading further into the Ukrainian territory. Drawing upon network analysis and a set of in-depth interviews with the volunteers involved in these initiatives, I map and deconstruct the civilian resilience networks, illuminating the use of Facebook by the battlefront volunteer groups in creating social infrastructures.
{"title":"Battlefront Volunteers: Mapping and Deconstructing Civilian Resilience Networks in Ukraine","authors":"O. Boichak","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097289","url":null,"abstract":"Social networks play an instrumental role in maintaining civilian resilience. During natural disasters and military conflicts, people use online platforms in an effort to reduce loss of human life and foster access to resources in their communities. The emergent mode of collective action, aimed at mitigating casualties by organizing into self-reliant human networks, highlights the infrastructural properties of social media. In a non-deterministic sense, platform affordances define associations and processes that constitute the social infrastructures at the core of civilian resilience networks. This study uses infrastructure ethnography to advance the theoretical understanding of social infrastructures in the context of the ongoing military conflict in eastern Ukraine. Between 2014 and 2016, building upon existing capacities of Facebook, thousands of Ukrainian civilians engaged in a collaborative effort to provide ordnance and supplies to the Ukrainian Armed Forces, preventing the violent conflict from spreading further into the Ukrainian territory. Drawing upon network analysis and a set of in-depth interviews with the volunteers involved in these initiatives, I map and deconstruct the civilian resilience networks, illuminating the use of Facebook by the battlefront volunteer groups in creating social infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126977781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sam Jackson, Feifei Zhang, O. Boichak, Lauren Bryant, Yingya Li, Jeff J. Hemsley, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, Bryan C. Semaan, Nancy J. McCracken
In this paper, we introduce a lexicon-based method for identifying political topics in social media messages. After discussing several critical shortcomings of unsupervised topic identification for this task, we describe the lexicon-based approach. We test our lexicon on candidate-generated campaign messages on Facebook and Twitter in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The results show that this approach provides reliable results for eight of nine political topic categories. In closing, we describe steps to improve our approach and how it can be used for future research on political topics in social media messages.
{"title":"Identifying Political Topics in Social Media Messages: A Lexicon-Based Approach","authors":"Sam Jackson, Feifei Zhang, O. Boichak, Lauren Bryant, Yingya Li, Jeff J. Hemsley, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, Bryan C. Semaan, Nancy J. McCracken","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097298","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a lexicon-based method for identifying political topics in social media messages. After discussing several critical shortcomings of unsupervised topic identification for this task, we describe the lexicon-based approach. We test our lexicon on candidate-generated campaign messages on Facebook and Twitter in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The results show that this approach provides reliable results for eight of nine political topic categories. In closing, we describe steps to improve our approach and how it can be used for future research on political topics in social media messages.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116046706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katrin Tiidenberg, Annette N. Markham, Gabriel Pereira, M. Rehder, Ramona-Riin Dremljuga, Jannek K. Sommer, Meghan Dougherty
How do young people make sense of their social media experiences, which rhetoric do they use, which grand narratives of technology and social media do they rely on? Based on discourse analysis of approximately 500 pages of written data and 390 minutes of video (generated by 50 college students aged 18-30 between 2014-2016) this article explores how young people negotiate their own experience and existing discourses about social media. Our analysis shows that young people rely heavily on canonic binaries from utopian and dystopian interpretations of networked technologies to apply labels to themselves, others, and social media in general. As they are prompted to reflect on their experience, their rhetoric about social media use and its implications becomes more nuanced yet remains inherently contradictory. This reflects a dialectical struggle to make sense of their lived experiences and feelings. Our unique methodology for generating deeply self-reflexive, auto-ethnographic narrative accounts suggests a way for scholars to be able to understand the ongoing struggles for meaning that occur within the granularity of everyday reflections about our own social media use.
{"title":"\"I'm an Addict\" and Other Sensemaking Devices: A Discourse Analysis of Self-Reflections on Lived Experience of Social Media","authors":"Katrin Tiidenberg, Annette N. Markham, Gabriel Pereira, M. Rehder, Ramona-Riin Dremljuga, Jannek K. Sommer, Meghan Dougherty","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097307","url":null,"abstract":"How do young people make sense of their social media experiences, which rhetoric do they use, which grand narratives of technology and social media do they rely on? Based on discourse analysis of approximately 500 pages of written data and 390 minutes of video (generated by 50 college students aged 18-30 between 2014-2016) this article explores how young people negotiate their own experience and existing discourses about social media. Our analysis shows that young people rely heavily on canonic binaries from utopian and dystopian interpretations of networked technologies to apply labels to themselves, others, and social media in general. As they are prompted to reflect on their experience, their rhetoric about social media use and its implications becomes more nuanced yet remains inherently contradictory. This reflects a dialectical struggle to make sense of their lived experiences and feelings. Our unique methodology for generating deeply self-reflexive, auto-ethnographic narrative accounts suggests a way for scholars to be able to understand the ongoing struggles for meaning that occur within the granularity of everyday reflections about our own social media use.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127790658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2011, the Government of Canada acknowledged the need to use social media to interact with the public for the first time. The Open Dialogue stream of initiatives within the Canada's Action Plan on Open Government called for a two-way dialogue between the Government of Canada and the public. Currently, the majority of government agencies use social media. However, they are still exploring methods for using these new tools as a part of existing communication channels. As recent studies suggest, government does not consider social media as a way to engage the public in public service delivery or policy-making, rather views it as a new means to provide information, much of which is already available on the government agencies' websites. This paper examines how one of the federal government agencies, Immigration, Citizenship and Refugees Canada (IRCC), uses social media. As the analysis shows, IRCC interacts with the public by answering questions, providing information about its programs and services, and sharing information posted on other accounts. The findings indicate that (i) IRCC engages much more actively on Twitter than on Facebook; (ii) IRCC views Twitter as a way to answer questions that immigrants, students, workers, visitors to Canada as well as Canadian citizens and permanent residents might have about its programs and services and (iii) in general, IRCC does not seek opinions nor engage on policy development issues neither on Twitter nor on Facebook.
{"title":"Social Media Use by Government in Canada: Examining Interactions of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada on Twitter and Facebook","authors":"M. Gintova","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097321","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, the Government of Canada acknowledged the need to use social media to interact with the public for the first time. The Open Dialogue stream of initiatives within the Canada's Action Plan on Open Government called for a two-way dialogue between the Government of Canada and the public. Currently, the majority of government agencies use social media. However, they are still exploring methods for using these new tools as a part of existing communication channels. As recent studies suggest, government does not consider social media as a way to engage the public in public service delivery or policy-making, rather views it as a new means to provide information, much of which is already available on the government agencies' websites. This paper examines how one of the federal government agencies, Immigration, Citizenship and Refugees Canada (IRCC), uses social media. As the analysis shows, IRCC interacts with the public by answering questions, providing information about its programs and services, and sharing information posted on other accounts. The findings indicate that (i) IRCC engages much more actively on Twitter than on Facebook; (ii) IRCC views Twitter as a way to answer questions that immigrants, students, workers, visitors to Canada as well as Canadian citizens and permanent residents might have about its programs and services and (iii) in general, IRCC does not seek opinions nor engage on policy development issues neither on Twitter nor on Facebook.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122203840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media platform-industry partnerships are essential to understanding the politics and economics of social data circulating among platforms and third parties. Using Facebook as a case study, this paper develops a novel methodology for empirically surveying the historical dynamics of social media industry partnerships and partner programs. Facebook is particularly emblematic as one of the few dominant actors that functions both as data aggregator and as digital marketing platform whilst operating a multiplicity of dedicated partner programs that cater to a wide array of industry partners. We employ mixed methods by aligning digital historical research and interview methods: using "digital methods", we reconstruct both ongoing and former declared platform--industry partnerships and programs with web data whilst conducting semi-structured interviews with selected platform partners to contextualize the empirical research. This enables us to address (i) the dynamic relations between social media platforms and industry partners, (ii) their diversification by catering to a growing number of stakeholders with distinct interests, and (iii) their gradual entrenchment as dominant actors within an emerging digital marketing ecosystem. By tracing how and when partnerships and industry alliances are forged, sustained, and terminated over time we are able to develop a critical account of the political economy of social data that addresses the politics of platforms and stakeholders as well as the consolidation of platform power.
{"title":"The Political Economy of Social Data: A Historical Analysis of Platform-Industry Partnerships","authors":"Anne Helmond, D. Nieborg, F. V. D. Vlist","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097324","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platform-industry partnerships are essential to understanding the politics and economics of social data circulating among platforms and third parties. Using Facebook as a case study, this paper develops a novel methodology for empirically surveying the historical dynamics of social media industry partnerships and partner programs. Facebook is particularly emblematic as one of the few dominant actors that functions both as data aggregator and as digital marketing platform whilst operating a multiplicity of dedicated partner programs that cater to a wide array of industry partners. We employ mixed methods by aligning digital historical research and interview methods: using \"digital methods\", we reconstruct both ongoing and former declared platform--industry partnerships and programs with web data whilst conducting semi-structured interviews with selected platform partners to contextualize the empirical research. This enables us to address (i) the dynamic relations between social media platforms and industry partners, (ii) their diversification by catering to a growing number of stakeholders with distinct interests, and (iii) their gradual entrenchment as dominant actors within an emerging digital marketing ecosystem. By tracing how and when partnerships and industry alliances are forged, sustained, and terminated over time we are able to develop a critical account of the political economy of social data that addresses the politics of platforms and stakeholders as well as the consolidation of platform power.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on on-going exploratory research into the prevalence and patterns of social media use by trade unions in the United Kingdom. Social media platforms, like Twitter, are used by unions to organize and mobilize existing and potential members by communicating relevant content, which often engages politicians and the news media. However, there is little empirical research examining how trade unions use social media in practice. This research addresses this gap by employing digital methods to analyze trade union activity on Twitter, namely, exploring key characteristics of Twitter use by UK unions and mapping dynamic networks of associations around labour movement issues. Findings are discussed in the context of collective and connective action. The methodological implications for studying civil society organizations online are also considered.
{"title":"Investigating the Patterns and Prevalence of UK Trade Unionism on Twitter","authors":"W. Chivers, H. Blakely, S. Davies","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on on-going exploratory research into the prevalence and patterns of social media use by trade unions in the United Kingdom. Social media platforms, like Twitter, are used by unions to organize and mobilize existing and potential members by communicating relevant content, which often engages politicians and the news media. However, there is little empirical research examining how trade unions use social media in practice. This research addresses this gap by employing digital methods to analyze trade union activity on Twitter, namely, exploring key characteristics of Twitter use by UK unions and mapping dynamic networks of associations around labour movement issues. Findings are discussed in the context of collective and connective action. The methodological implications for studying civil society organizations online are also considered.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133928901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrícia G. C. Rossini, Jeff J. Hemsley, Sikana Tanupabrungsun, Feifei Zhang, J. Robinson, Jennifer Stromer-Galley
The use of digital technologies by political campaigns has been a topic of scholarly concern for over two decades. However, these studies have been mostly focused on analyzing the use of digital platforms without considering contextual factors of the race, like public opinion polling data. Polling data is an important information source for both citizens and candidates, and provides the latter with information that might drive strategic communication. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the use of social media in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections and candidates' standing in public opinion polls focusing on the surfacing and primary stages of the campaign. We are also interested in understanding whether candidates use Twitter and Facebook in similar ways. We used automated content analysis to categorize social media posts from all 21 Republican and Democratic candidates that ran for president in 2016. Specifically, we are interested in observing whether a candidate's performance in the polls drives certain communicative strategies, such as the use of attacks and messages of advocacy, as well as the focus on personal image or policy issues.
{"title":"Social Media, U.S. Presidential Campaigns, and Public Opinion Polls: Disentangling Effects","authors":"Patrícia G. C. Rossini, Jeff J. Hemsley, Sikana Tanupabrungsun, Feifei Zhang, J. Robinson, Jennifer Stromer-Galley","doi":"10.1145/3097286.3097342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3097286.3097342","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital technologies by political campaigns has been a topic of scholarly concern for over two decades. However, these studies have been mostly focused on analyzing the use of digital platforms without considering contextual factors of the race, like public opinion polling data. Polling data is an important information source for both citizens and candidates, and provides the latter with information that might drive strategic communication. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the use of social media in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections and candidates' standing in public opinion polls focusing on the surfacing and primary stages of the campaign. We are also interested in understanding whether candidates use Twitter and Facebook in similar ways. We used automated content analysis to categorize social media posts from all 21 Republican and Democratic candidates that ran for president in 2016. Specifically, we are interested in observing whether a candidate's performance in the polls drives certain communicative strategies, such as the use of attacks and messages of advocacy, as well as the focus on personal image or policy issues.","PeriodicalId":130378,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128927292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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