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Branding Practices in The New(Er) Media: A Comparison of Retailer Twitter and Web-Based Images 新(Er)媒体中的品牌实践:零售商Twitter与网络图片的比较
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097332
James Lannigan
To date, there has been little empirical focus on how different online mediums affect the branding practices of retailers. In this working paper, I compare how specialty coffee retailers of different sizes use webpages and Twitter. I examine over 2800 unique images from 86 retailers using a quantitative content analysis that enumerates visual elements within pictures. I find that there are significant differences in the use of these two mediums in terms of retailer scale, and that based on their size, retailers display different types of images at much different proportions.
迄今为止,很少有实证关注不同的在线媒体如何影响零售商的品牌实践。在这篇工作论文中,我比较了不同规模的精品咖啡零售商如何使用网页和Twitter。我研究了来自86家零售商的2800多张独特的图片,使用了定量内容分析,列举了图片中的视觉元素。我发现在零售商规模方面,这两种媒介的使用存在显著差异,并且基于它们的规模,零售商以非常不同的比例显示不同类型的图像。
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引用次数: 2
TweetSight: Enhancing Financial Analysts' Social Media Use TweetSight:提高金融分析师的社交媒体使用
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097308
R. Varanasi, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Shahtab Wahid, John Millar Carroll
Financial analysts utilize information from heterogeneous sources (e.g. corporate filings, economic indicators, news, and tweets) to generate unique trade ideas through a sensemaking process. In this paper, we seek to understand the role of social media in this process. We conducted a semi-structured interview and identified essential benefits and barriers for the primary social media platform used by the analysts - Twitter. Analysts use Twitter as a query exploration tool, as a bellwether to understand sentiment, and to gauge knock-on effects. Drawing from our findings, we developed four scenarios to guide the design of TweetSight. Finally, we evaluated the design of TweetSight by walking analysts through the prototype. Analysts responded positively to anchoring contextual tweets in news articles to facilitate discovery and exploration of Twitter. Our findings and design implications can be applied more broadly to leverage social media for sensemaking, benefiting various business communities.
金融分析师利用来自不同来源的信息(如公司文件、经济指标、新闻和推特),通过语义构建过程产生独特的交易想法。在本文中,我们试图了解社交媒体在这一过程中的作用。我们进行了一次半结构化的访谈,并确定了分析师使用的主要社交媒体平台Twitter的基本优势和障碍。分析师将Twitter作为查询工具,作为了解市场情绪和衡量连锁效应的风向标。根据我们的发现,我们开发了四种场景来指导TweetSight的设计。最后,我们通过带分析师浏览原型来评估TweetSight的设计。分析师积极响应在新闻文章中锚定上下文tweet,以促进Twitter的发现和探索。我们的研究结果和设计意义可以更广泛地应用于利用社交媒体进行意义构建,从而使各种商业社区受益。
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引用次数: 0
Clickwrap Impact: Quick-Join Options and Ignoring Privacy and Terms of Service Policies of Social Networking Services 点击包装的影响:快速加入选项和忽视隐私和社会网络服务条款政策
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097336
Jonathan A. Obar, Anne Oeldorf-Hirsch
A qualitative survey analysis was conducted, assessing user interactions with the consent materials of a fictitious social networking service, NameDrop. Findings reveal that the quick-join clickwrap option, common to social networking services, hinders consent processes by making privacy and terms of service policies difficult to find, and by discouraging engagement with privacy and reputation protections by suggesting that consent materials are unimportant. Implications for the future of notice policy are discussed.
进行了定性调查分析,评估用户与虚拟社交网络服务NameDrop的同意材料的交互。调查结果显示,社交网络服务中常见的快速加入点击包装选项阻碍了同意过程,因为它使隐私和服务条款政策难以找到,并且通过暗示同意材料不重要而阻碍了隐私和声誉保护的参与。讨论了通知政策对未来的影响。
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引用次数: 9
#DistractinglySexy: How Social Media was used as a Counter Narrative on Gender in STEM #令人分心的性感:社交媒体如何被用作STEM性别的反叙事
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097306
Emily J. Tetzlaff, E. Jago, Ann Pegoraro, T. Eger
On June 8th, 2015, Nobel laureate Sir Tim Hunt freely expressed his opinion on mixed-gender labs, while attending a President's lunch at the World Conference of Science Journalists: Let me tell you about my trouble with girls. Three things happen when they are in the lab: You fall in love with them, they fall in love with you, and when you criticize them they cry [69]. In the days following his statement, the hashtag #DistractinglySexy trended on Twitter. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Twitter users interpreted the Sir Tim Hunt speech, and how they represented their message through visual media on Twitter. The software program Hashtracking was used to gather 58,969 tweets that contained an image from the #DistractinglySexy hashtag. Content analysis was used to analyze the images collected, and a codebook was developed through an adaptation of the 'Draw-a-Scientist Test' (DAST), a test initially designed to reveal children's attitudes and beliefs about science through the use of stereotypical features. To enable human coding of such a large data set, a purposeful sample of 3,648 images was extracted for analysis. Intercoder reliability scores ranged from 0.84 to 1.0, all within the acceptable range, according to Cohen's Kappa. The results of this study indicated that users of the hashtag predominately portrayed themselves posed in personal protective equipment, in a laboratory setting. This study contributes to social media literature, by illustrating how this medium was used to create counter narratives that combat and highlight the challenges women in STEM face.
2015年6月8日,诺贝尔奖得主蒂姆·亨特爵士在参加世界科学记者大会的总统午餐时,自由地表达了他对混合性别实验室的看法:让我告诉你我对女孩的困扰。他们在实验室里会发生三件事:你爱上他们,他们爱上你,当你批评他们时他们哭了[69]。在他发表声明后的几天里,推特上的标签#性感令人分心。这项研究的目的是调查推特用户如何解读蒂姆·亨特爵士的演讲,以及他们如何通过推特上的视觉媒体来表达他们的信息。Hashtracking软件程序被用来收集58,969条包含#DistractinglySexy标签图片的推文。内容分析用于分析收集到的图像,并通过“绘制科学家测试”(DAST)的改编开发了一个代码本,该测试最初旨在通过使用刻板印象特征来揭示儿童对科学的态度和信念。为了使人类能够对如此大的数据集进行编码,我们提取了3,648张有目的的图像样本进行分析。据科恩的Kappa称,互码器的可靠性得分在0.84到1.0之间,都在可接受的范围内。这项研究的结果表明,该标签的用户主要描绘了他们在实验室环境中穿着个人防护装备的形象。这项研究为社交媒体文学做出了贡献,说明了社交媒体如何被用来创造反叙事,以打击和突出STEM领域女性面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Public Friends and Private Sharing: Understanding Shifting Privacies in Sharing Culture 公众朋友与私人分享:了解分享文化中隐私的转变
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097305
Z. Sujon, Lisette Johnston
This paper seeks to address the tension between privacy and sharing culture. Despite many claims that privacy is dead, research suggests that there is a shift from privacy as an individualized right based around control to something more social, more embedded, more public and more networked. Drawing from seven media diaries, interviews with those diarists and a survey (N=270) of London, UK residents aged 18-36, we aim for a better picture of privacy and sharing culture as lived experiences. Based on this evidence, we identify a number of themes. First, privacy matters. Although respondents identify sharing as embedded and networked, their experiences and understanding of privacy remains more traditional. For most, privacy is an individualized right focused on control. In addition, we find several themes emerging from the data -- social privacy is more important than institutional privacy; younger respondents talk about "public friends" and "private sharing" to justify and explain their sharing practices; respondents also commonly talk about a 'persona' on social media profiles; and finally, respondents are increasingly depersonalizing what they share on social media. All of these themes point to ways that respondents exercise sharing strategies in part to protect their privacy, but also for managing the sharing expectations of their social media use and sharing culture more broadly.
本文试图解决隐私和共享文化之间的紧张关系。尽管许多人声称隐私已经消亡,但研究表明,隐私已经从一种基于控制的个性化权利转变为一种更社会化、更根深蒂固、更公开、更网络化的权利。我们从7个媒体日记、对这些日记作者的采访和对伦敦18-36岁的英国居民的一项调查(N=270)中得出结论,我们的目标是更好地了解隐私和分享文化作为生活经验。基于这些证据,我们确定了一些主题。首先,隐私很重要。尽管受访者认为共享是嵌入式和网络化的,但他们对隐私的体验和理解仍然比较传统。对大多数人来说,隐私是一种注重控制的个性化权利。此外,我们从数据中发现了几个主题——社交隐私比机构隐私更重要;年轻的受访者用“公众好友”和“私人分享”来为他们的分享行为辩护和解释;受访者还经常谈到社交媒体资料上的“角色”;最后,受访者越来越多地将他们在社交媒体上分享的内容去个人化。所有这些主题都指向了受访者运用分享策略的方式,一方面是为了保护他们的隐私,另一方面是为了管理他们对社交媒体使用的分享期望,以及更广泛的分享文化。
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引用次数: 1
Can We Trust Social Media Data? Social Network Manipulation by an IoT Botnet 我们能信任社交媒体数据吗?物联网僵尸网络的社交网络操纵
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097301
Masarah Paquet-Clouston, Olivier Bilodeau, D. Décary‐Hétu
The size of a social media account's audience -- in terms of followers or friends count -- is believed to be a good measure of its influence and popularity. To gain quick artificial popularity on online social networks (OSN), one can buy likes, follows and views, from social media fraud (SMF) services. SMF is the generation of likes, follows and views on OSN such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. Using a research method that combines computer sciences and social sciences, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the illicit market for SMF. It conducts a market price analysis for SMF, describes the operations of a supplier -- an Internet of things (IoT) botnet performing SMF -- and provides a profile of the potential customers of such fraud. The paper explains how an IoT botnet conducts social network manipulation and illustrates that the fraud is driven by OSN users, mainly entertainers, small online shops and private users. It also illustrates that OSN strategy to suspend fake accounts only cleans the networks a posteriori of the fraud and does not deter the crime -- the botnet -- or the fraud -- SMF -- from happening. Several solutions to deter the fraud are provided.
社交媒体账户的受众规模——以粉丝或朋友数量为标准——被认为是衡量其影响力和受欢迎程度的一个很好的指标。为了在网络社交网络(OSN)上快速获得人工人气,人们可以从社交媒体欺诈(SMF)服务中购买喜欢、关注和观看。SMF是指在Facebook、Twitter、YouTube、Instagram等OSN平台上产生的点赞、关注和观看量。本文采用计算机科学与社会科学相结合的研究方法,对SMF的非法市场进行了更深入的了解。它对SMF进行了市场价格分析,描述了供应商(执行SMF的物联网(IoT)僵尸网络)的操作,并提供了此类欺诈的潜在客户概况。该论文解释了物联网僵尸网络如何进行社交网络操纵,并说明了欺诈行为是由OSN用户驱动的,主要是演艺人员、小型在线商店和私人用户。它还说明,暂停虚假账户的OSN策略只能在欺诈发生后清理网络,并不能阻止犯罪(僵尸网络)或欺诈(SMF)的发生。提出了几种防止欺诈的解决方案。
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引用次数: 13
Stance Classification of Twitter Debates: The Encryption Debate as A Use Case 推特辩论的立场分类:加密辩论作为一个用例
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097288
Aseel Addawood, Jodi Schneider, Masooda N. Bashir
Social media have enabled a revolution in user-generated content. They allow users to connect, build community, produce and share content, and publish opinions. To better understand online users' attitudes and opinions, we use stance classification. Stance classification is a relatively new and challenging approach to deepen opinion mining by classifying a user's stance in a debate. Our stance classification use case is tweets that were related to the spring 2016 debate over the FBI's request that Apple decrypt a user's iPhone. In this "encryption debate," public opinion was polarized between advocates for individual privacy and advocates for national security. We propose a machine learning approach to classify stance in the debate, and a topic classification that uses lexical, syntactic, Twitter-specific, and argumentative features as a predictor for classifications. Models trained on these feature sets showed significant increases in accuracy relative to the unigram baseline.
社交媒体促成了一场用户生成内容的革命。它们允许用户连接、建立社区、制作和分享内容以及发表意见。为了更好地了解在线用户的态度和意见,我们使用立场分类。立场分类是一种相对较新的、具有挑战性的方法,它通过对辩论中用户的立场进行分类来深化意见挖掘。我们的立场分类用例是与2016年春季关于FBI要求苹果解密用户iPhone的辩论有关的推文。在这场“加密辩论”中,公众舆论在维护个人隐私和维护国家安全之间出现了两极分化。我们提出了一种机器学习方法来对辩论中的立场进行分类,以及一种使用词汇、句法、twitter特定和辩论特征作为分类预测器的主题分类。在这些特征集上训练的模型相对于单图基线的准确性有了显著的提高。
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引用次数: 24
'Paradigm Clash' in the Digital Labor Literature: Reconciling Critical Theory and Interpretive Approach in Empirical Research 数字劳动文献中的“范式冲突”:在实证研究中调和批判理论和解释方法
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097341
O. Rodak, Karolina Mikołajewska-Zając
'Digital labour' has become an umbrella term for the stream of research dealing with web users' participation in digital culture. It critically frames social media participation within a wider political economy of the Internet where it is captured and translated into exchange value for platform providers and powerful organizations. Though it adds a much-needed critical perspective to the discussion on this phenomenon, digital labour theory does not provide sufficient methodological guidelines for social research. This remark applies especially to the problem of including a "micro-perspective" in theory-development, that is, social actors' experiences and perceptions. After performing the pilot literature study, we found that this challenge is recognized by most scholars conducting empirical research referring to digital labour, however, there is little consent of how it could be solved. We argue that this problem may be reframed as an intra-disciplinary "paradigm clash" -- the incommensurability of the critical and the interpretive tradition in social science. We collect preliminary insights from research papers and call for conceptualizations that will inform empirical researchers of how to involve a micro-perspective while building the digital labour theory.
“数字劳动”已经成为研究网络用户参与数字文化的一系列研究的总称。它批判性地将社交媒体参与框架在更广泛的互联网政治经济中,在那里它被捕获并转化为平台提供商和强大组织的交换价值。虽然它为这一现象的讨论增加了一个急需的批判性视角,但数字劳动理论并没有为社会研究提供足够的方法论指导。这句话特别适用于在理论发展中纳入“微观视角”的问题,即社会行动者的经验和看法。在进行试点文献研究后,我们发现这一挑战得到了大多数进行数字劳动力实证研究的学者的认可,然而,对于如何解决这一挑战却几乎没有共识。我们认为,这个问题可能被重新定义为学科内部的“范式冲突”——社会科学中批判和解释传统的不可通约性。我们从研究论文中收集了初步的见解,并呼吁概念化,这将告知实证研究人员如何在构建数字劳动理论时涉及微观视角。
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引用次数: 0
Growth and Inequality of Participation in Online Communities: A Longitudinal Analysis 网络社区参与的增长与不平等:一项纵向分析
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097337
Elliot T. Panek, Connor Hollenbach, Jinjie Yang, Tyler Rhodes
The online communities of Reddit provide an ideal testing ground for determining the ways in which growth affect communities. By analyzing comments made on Reddit between 2008 and 2016, we demonstrate that Reddit consists of multiple communities growing at different rates. In several cases, community size is associated with greater inequality of participation in discourse, supporting the notion that members of online communities become less interactive and more passive as communities grow. However, one community, r/TwoXChromosomes, exhibits increasing equality of participation in discourse as it grows.
Reddit的在线社区为确定增长对社区的影响方式提供了一个理想的试验场。通过分析2008年至2016年间Reddit上的评论,我们证明了Reddit由多个社区组成,这些社区以不同的速度增长。在一些情况下,社区规模与话语参与的不平等程度有关,这支持了这样一种观点,即随着社区的发展,在线社区成员的互动性越来越少,越来越被动。然而,一个名为r/ twoxchromosome的社区,随着它的发展,在讨论中表现出越来越多的平等参与。
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引用次数: 2
Benefits and Drawbacks of Using Social Media to Grieve Following the Loss of Pet 失去宠物后使用社交媒体哀悼的好处和缺点
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.1145/3097286.3097309
Jessica Vitak, P. Wisniewski, Zahra Ashktorab, Karla A. Badillo-Urquiola
As social media becomes more deeply embedded into our daily lives, researchers are examining how previously private disclosures and interactions are manifesting in semi-public spaces. This study evaluates how sites like Facebook may help users grieve following the loss of a family pet. Through an empirical study of Facebook users, we evaluate survey responses (N=396) and users' actual Facebook posts related to pet loss (N=190) to better understand how individuals use (or do not use) social media as part of the grieving process. We find that users weigh several benefits and drawbacks before making these sensitive disclosures on Facebook, including whether they think posting will mitigate or perpetuate their emotional pain, the privacy of the experience vs. the public nature of sharing, and whether their disclosures will be met with support or dismissal (i.e., disenfranchised grief). We conclude by discussing implications for theory around grief and social support, as well as the design of social media interfaces that support grieving processes for the loss of a loved one.
随着社交媒体越来越深入我们的日常生活,研究人员正在研究以前私人的披露和互动如何在半公共空间中表现出来。这项研究评估了像Facebook这样的网站如何帮助失去宠物的用户悲伤。通过对Facebook用户的实证研究,我们评估了调查反馈(N=396)和用户在Facebook上发布的与宠物丢失有关的实际帖子(N=190),以更好地了解个人如何使用(或不使用)社交媒体作为悲伤过程的一部分。我们发现,用户在Facebook上披露这些敏感信息之前,会权衡几个利弊,包括他们认为发帖会减轻还是延续他们的情感痛苦,经历的隐私性与分享的公共性,以及他们的披露是会得到支持还是会被拒绝(即被剥夺权利的悲伤)。最后,我们讨论了关于悲伤和社会支持的理论含义,以及支持失去亲人的悲伤过程的社交媒体界面的设计。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society
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