Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3403901
Junaid Akram;Ali Anaissi;Rajkumar Singh Rathore;Rutvij H. Jhaveri;Awais Akram
We introduce “TMIoDT,” a pioneering framework aimed at bolstering communication security in the Internet of Drone Things (IoDT) integrated with Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN), with a specific focus on bushfire monitoring applications. Our novel contributions include the seamless integration of digital twin technology with blockchain to establish a robust trust management system in the IoDT context. This approach addresses the critical vulnerabilities associated with unsecured wireless networks in IoDT, such as data integrity issues and susceptibility to cyber threats. The TMIoDT framework encompasses a mutual authentication mechanism to secure interactions and key exchanges among IoDT entities, including drones and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). Furthermore, it leverages blockchain technology for credible trust management and employs digital twins to model UGV servers accurately, enhancing IoDT relationship modeling. An advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS), utilizing Stacked Variational Autoencoder (SVA) and Attention-based Bidirectional LSTM (ABL), is implemented for anomaly detection, complemented by a blockchain-based transaction writing scheme for secure data verification. Our comprehensive evaluation, utilizing the ToN-IoT and ICIDS-2017 network intrusion datasets, confirms TMIoDT’s effectiveness in significantly improving communication security and reliability in IoDT.
{"title":"Digital Twin-Driven Trust Management in Open RAN-Based Spatial Crowdsourcing Drone Services","authors":"Junaid Akram;Ali Anaissi;Rajkumar Singh Rathore;Rutvij H. Jhaveri;Awais Akram","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3403901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3403901","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce “TMIoDT,” a pioneering framework aimed at bolstering communication security in the Internet of Drone Things (IoDT) integrated with Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN), with a specific focus on bushfire monitoring applications. Our novel contributions include the seamless integration of digital twin technology with blockchain to establish a robust trust management system in the IoDT context. This approach addresses the critical vulnerabilities associated with unsecured wireless networks in IoDT, such as data integrity issues and susceptibility to cyber threats. The TMIoDT framework encompasses a mutual authentication mechanism to secure interactions and key exchanges among IoDT entities, including drones and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). Furthermore, it leverages blockchain technology for credible trust management and employs digital twins to model UGV servers accurately, enhancing IoDT relationship modeling. An advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS), utilizing Stacked Variational Autoencoder (SVA) and Attention-based Bidirectional LSTM (ABL), is implemented for anomaly detection, complemented by a blockchain-based transaction writing scheme for secure data verification. Our comprehensive evaluation, utilizing the ToN-IoT and ICIDS-2017 network intrusion datasets, confirms TMIoDT’s effectiveness in significantly improving communication security and reliability in IoDT.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 3","pages":"1061-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently emerged as a promising technology for beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks conceived from metamaterials that smartly tunes the signal reflections via a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements. However, the IRS-assisted communication model and the optimization of available resources needs to be improved further for more efficient communications. This paper investigates the enhancement of received power in an IRS-assisted wireless communication by jointly optimizing the phase shifts at the IRS elements and its location. Employing the conventional Friss transmission model, the relationship between the transmitted power and reflected power is established. The expression of the received power incorporates the free space loss, reflection loss factor, physical dimension of the IRS panel, and radiation pattern of the transmit signal. Also, the expression of reflection coefficient of IRS panel is obtained by exploiting the existing data of radar communications. Initially exploring a single IRS element within a two-ray reflection model, we extend it to a more complex multi-ray reflection model with multiple IRS elements in 3D Cartesian space. The expression of the received power in both the cases is derived in a more tractable form, and then, it is maximized by jointly optimizing the underlying variables, i.e., the IRS location and the phase shifts. Further, the optimization of resources are investigated in active IRS, multiple access, and joint active and passive beamforming. Numerical insights and performance comparison reveal that joint optimization leads to a substantial 37% enhancement in received power compared to the closest competitive benchmark.
{"title":"Joint Optimization of IRS Location and Passive Beamforming for Enhanced Received Power","authors":"Jyotsna Rani;Deepak Mishra;Ganesh Prasad;Ashraf Hossain;Swades De;Kuntal Deka","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3403527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3403527","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently emerged as a promising technology for beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks conceived from metamaterials that smartly tunes the signal reflections via a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements. However, the IRS-assisted communication model and the optimization of available resources needs to be improved further for more efficient communications. This paper investigates the enhancement of received power in an IRS-assisted wireless communication by jointly optimizing the phase shifts at the IRS elements and its location. Employing the conventional Friss transmission model, the relationship between the transmitted power and reflected power is established. The expression of the received power incorporates the free space loss, reflection loss factor, physical dimension of the IRS panel, and radiation pattern of the transmit signal. Also, the expression of reflection coefficient of IRS panel is obtained by exploiting the existing data of radar communications. Initially exploring a single IRS element within a two-ray reflection model, we extend it to a more complex multi-ray reflection model with multiple IRS elements in 3D Cartesian space. The expression of the received power in both the cases is derived in a more tractable form, and then, it is maximized by jointly optimizing the underlying variables, i.e., the IRS location and the phase shifts. Further, the optimization of resources are investigated in active IRS, multiple access, and joint active and passive beamforming. Numerical insights and performance comparison reveal that joint optimization leads to a substantial 37% enhancement in received power compared to the closest competitive benchmark.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1970-1984"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394073
{"title":"IEEE Communications Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10535377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379960
Qiang He;Ji Li;Xiaogang Zhu;Alireza Jolfaei;Zheng Feng;Amr Tolba;Keping Yu;Yukai Fu
As information technology rapidly advances, 5G technology, Radio Access Networks (RAN), and the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as the core elements of next-generation communication technology. There is an increasing demand for real-time communication and reduced latency in various applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a four-layer Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) architecture that connects user devices to the core network using RAN. Blockchain verification is used for data storage and access permission separation. The architecture aims to address the high latency, low flexibility, and security issues in cloud computing communication. We also propose a MEC server location algorithm to optimize communication distance, and a Q-learning algorithm for selection and resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrate significant energy savings compared to baseline algorithms.
随着信息技术的快速发展，5G 技术、无线接入网（RAN）和物联网（IoT）已成为下一代通信技术的核心要素。各种应用对实时通信和减少延迟的需求日益增长。因此，本文提出了一种四层移动边缘计算（MEC）架构，利用 RAN 将用户设备连接到核心网络。区块链验证用于数据存储和访问权限分离。该架构旨在解决云计算通信中的高延迟、低灵活性和安全问题。我们还提出了优化通信距离的 MEC 服务器定位算法，以及用于选择和资源分配的 Q-learning 算法。实验结果表明，与基线算法相比，该算法能显著节约能源。
{"title":"Joint Data Offloading and Energy-Efficient Secure MEC Resource Allocation Method for IoT Device Data in RAN Communication","authors":"Qiang He;Ji Li;Xiaogang Zhu;Alireza Jolfaei;Zheng Feng;Amr Tolba;Keping Yu;Yukai Fu","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379960","url":null,"abstract":"As information technology rapidly advances, 5G technology, Radio Access Networks (RAN), and the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as the core elements of next-generation communication technology. There is an increasing demand for real-time communication and reduced latency in various applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a four-layer Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) architecture that connects user devices to the core network using RAN. Blockchain verification is used for data storage and access permission separation. The architecture aims to address the high latency, low flexibility, and security issues in cloud computing communication. We also propose a MEC server location algorithm to optimize communication distance, and a Q-learning algorithm for selection and resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrate significant energy savings compared to baseline algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 3","pages":"1008-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394071
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3394071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10535361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379289
Omer Gursoy;Nail Akar
Frame coalescing is a well-established technique which manages the low power idle (LPI) mode supported by energy efficient Ethernet (EEE) interfaces. Frame coalescing enables EEE interfaces to remain in the LPI mode for a certain amount of time upon the arrival of the first frame (timer-based coalescing), or until a predefined amount of traffic accumulates in the transmission buffer (size-based coalescing). In this paper, we propose a novel open-loop dynamic coalescing technique that is based on model predictive control (MPC) and queuing theory. In contrast to conventional timer-based coalescing, the proposed method enables the update of the timer parameter repeatedly throughout the duration of the LPI mode of a single coalescing cycle by taking into account the arrival instants and sizes, of the frames waiting in the buffer. Two different methods, namely MPC-mean and MPC-tail, are proposed which attempt to minimize the energy consumption of the Ethernet link, under constraints on mean and tail of the queue waiting time, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic MPC-based coalescing algorithms are validated using simulations with synthetic and actual traffic traces.
{"title":"Adaptive Frame Coalescing in Energy Efficient Ethernet With Model Predictive Control and Queuing Theory","authors":"Omer Gursoy;Nail Akar","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3379289","url":null,"abstract":"Frame coalescing is a well-established technique which manages the low power idle (LPI) mode supported by energy efficient Ethernet (EEE) interfaces. Frame coalescing enables EEE interfaces to remain in the LPI mode for a certain amount of time upon the arrival of the first frame (timer-based coalescing), or until a predefined amount of traffic accumulates in the transmission buffer (size-based coalescing). In this paper, we propose a novel open-loop dynamic coalescing technique that is based on model predictive control (MPC) and queuing theory. In contrast to conventional timer-based coalescing, the proposed method enables the update of the timer parameter repeatedly throughout the duration of the LPI mode of a single coalescing cycle by taking into account the arrival instants and sizes, of the frames waiting in the buffer. Two different methods, namely MPC-mean and MPC-tail, are proposed which attempt to minimize the energy consumption of the Ethernet link, under constraints on mean and tail of the queue waiting time, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic MPC-based coalescing algorithms are validated using simulations with synthetic and actual traffic traces.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1574-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401486
Chandan Kumar;Salil Kashyap
We derive new upper bounds on outage probability (OP) and spectral efficiency (SE) for a simultaneous wireless information and energy transfer system under spatial correlation and optimal phase configuration at intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) when users are served based on round-robin (RR) scheduling, share common source to IRS links and adopt nonlinear energy harvesting. Diversity order for this system is characterized. We then extend our study to a multi-antenna source and analyze OP and SE under random and equal phase shift configurations at IRS. We design beamformers at the source and at IRS under different strategies, namely RR scheduling and simultaneous service with and without signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraint. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our statistical modeling and mathematical analysis and quantify the gain in performance relative to random and equal phase shifts. We illustrate that higher number of users can be served by increasing number of IRS elements while keeping OP fixed. We identify the operational regime where RR scheduling yields better performance than serving users simultaneously without SINR constraint. We show that increasing IRS elements can help maintain target harvested power even under stricter SINR constraint. Impact of estimation error on performance is illustrated.
{"title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Energy Transfer to IoT Users Under Spatial Correlation","authors":"Chandan Kumar;Salil Kashyap","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401486","url":null,"abstract":"We derive new upper bounds on outage probability (OP) and spectral efficiency (SE) for a simultaneous wireless information and energy transfer system under spatial correlation and optimal phase configuration at intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) when users are served based on round-robin (RR) scheduling, share common source to IRS links and adopt nonlinear energy harvesting. Diversity order for this system is characterized. We then extend our study to a multi-antenna source and analyze OP and SE under random and equal phase shift configurations at IRS. We design beamformers at the source and at IRS under different strategies, namely RR scheduling and simultaneous service with and without signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraint. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our statistical modeling and mathematical analysis and quantify the gain in performance relative to random and equal phase shifts. We illustrate that higher number of users can be served by increasing number of IRS elements while keeping OP fixed. We identify the operational regime where RR scheduling yields better performance than serving users simultaneously without SINR constraint. We show that increasing IRS elements can help maintain target harvested power even under stricter SINR constraint. Impact of estimation error on performance is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1955-1969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401575
Jianghui Liu;Hongtao Zhang
In mobile millimeter wave (mm-Wave) systems, most deep learning-based beamforming models only input channel state information (CSI). However, as user speed increases, CSI inaccuracy increases, leading to severe performance degradation. Their single model structures cause a low generalization in large-scale networks. In this paper, a multi-branch unsupervised learning model, named MB-IncepNet, is established for mobile user beamforming, where inaccurate user location information (ULI) is extra considered to improve the beamforming robustness, and an Inception-Shortcut block is rationally constructed to improve the generalization of MB-IncepNet. Specifically, MB-IncepNet has two sub-networks for ULI and CSI inputs, which are processed first by the Inception-Shortcut processing and then fused to correct beamforming results by full-connection processing. Furthermore, the Inception-Shortcut block has multiple parallel convolution branches with convolution kernels of different sizes and a shortcut, which indicates MB-IncepNet can adapt to networks of different scales. Besides, the base station power constraint is incorporated into the model as a power layer, and the inverse of the sum-rate is chosen as the loss function for unsupervised training. The simulation results show that, under inaccurate ULI and CSI, MB-IncepNet can still achieve more than 90% effective sum-rate compared with the ideal iterative algorithm.
{"title":"Multi-Branch Unsupervised Learning-Based Beamforming in mm-Wave Massive MIMO Systems With Inaccurate Information","authors":"Jianghui Liu;Hongtao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401575","url":null,"abstract":"In mobile millimeter wave (mm-Wave) systems, most deep learning-based beamforming models only input channel state information (CSI). However, as user speed increases, CSI inaccuracy increases, leading to severe performance degradation. Their single model structures cause a low generalization in large-scale networks. In this paper, a multi-branch unsupervised learning model, named MB-IncepNet, is established for mobile user beamforming, where inaccurate user location information (ULI) is extra considered to improve the beamforming robustness, and an Inception-Shortcut block is rationally constructed to improve the generalization of MB-IncepNet. Specifically, MB-IncepNet has two sub-networks for ULI and CSI inputs, which are processed first by the Inception-Shortcut processing and then fused to correct beamforming results by full-connection processing. Furthermore, the Inception-Shortcut block has multiple parallel convolution branches with convolution kernels of different sizes and a shortcut, which indicates MB-IncepNet can adapt to networks of different scales. Besides, the base station power constraint is incorporated into the model as a power layer, and the inverse of the sum-rate is chosen as the loss function for unsupervised training. The simulation results show that, under inaccurate ULI and CSI, MB-IncepNet can still achieve more than 90% effective sum-rate compared with the ideal iterative algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1840-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enable flexible data collection from Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in remote areas, but the data of IoT nodes face security threats. In the proposed data collection strategy based on a double cluster head (CH) framework, we exploit the inter-user interference (IUI) of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to improve the security of IoT nodes. Specifically, inter-CH interference in NOMA is used as jamming signals to hide confidential data. Then a CH selection scheme is designed to alleviate the unbalanced energy consumption among member nodes in a cluster. Based on the CH selection scheme, we maximize the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) via joint optimization of power, time scheduling, and trajectory. Due to the highly coupled variables and non-convex constraints, an alternating optimization method is used to decouple the original problem into subproblems and they are solved iteratively. In each iteration, Dinkelbach’s method is used to tackle the fractional objective function; the successive convex approximation technique is used to transform the non-convex subproblems into convex forms. In numerical simulations, our proposed data collection strategy shows effectiveness in improving SEE and hindering wiretapping. Furthermore, the proposed CH selection scheme efficiently extends the lifetime of energy-constrained IoT nodes.
{"title":"Secure Resource Allocation and Trajectory Design for UAV-Assisted IoT With Double Cluster Head","authors":"Xiangyun Meng;Xuanli Wu;Ziyi Xie;Tingting Zhang;Tao Xu","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401107","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enable flexible data collection from Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in remote areas, but the data of IoT nodes face security threats. In the proposed data collection strategy based on a double cluster head (CH) framework, we exploit the inter-user interference (IUI) of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to improve the security of IoT nodes. Specifically, inter-CH interference in NOMA is used as jamming signals to hide confidential data. Then a CH selection scheme is designed to alleviate the unbalanced energy consumption among member nodes in a cluster. Based on the CH selection scheme, we maximize the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) via joint optimization of power, time scheduling, and trajectory. Due to the highly coupled variables and non-convex constraints, an alternating optimization method is used to decouple the original problem into subproblems and they are solved iteratively. In each iteration, Dinkelbach’s method is used to tackle the fractional objective function; the successive convex approximation technique is used to transform the non-convex subproblems into convex forms. In numerical simulations, our proposed data collection strategy shows effectiveness in improving SEE and hindering wiretapping. Furthermore, the proposed CH selection scheme efficiently extends the lifetime of energy-constrained IoT nodes.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1661-1675"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401250
K. M. Deepika Rajpoot;P. Maheswaran
Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a novel modulation technique that improves the transmission reliability of the system in high-mobility scenarios. Spatial modulation (SM) appears as a green communication technique to enhance the spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the system. In this paper, we propose the transmit antenna selection (TAS) based SM-OTFS system to improve the transmit diversity (TD) and reliability in mobile communication environments. TAS is performed based on the Euclidean distances (EDTAS) of the transmit antenna (TA) subset. Further, we present low-complexity TAS based on a tree search scheme (LCTAS-TSS) for a small-scale SM-OTFS system. We show norm and antenna correlation (N-AC) based TAS scheme (LCTAS-N-AC) to reduce the search complexity of LCTAS-TSS further. The complexities of EDTAS, LCTAS-TSS, and LCTAS-N-AC are analyzed. Analytical expressions of TD for EDTAS are verified using simulation results. Simulation results show that LCTAS-TSS attains the same BER performance as the EDTAS scheme offers at reduced complexity. Moreover, results show that LCTAS-N-AC provides substantial complexity reduction compared to LCTAS-TSS and performs better than the conventional OTFS and SM-OTFS for comparable configurations.
{"title":"Transmit Antenna Selection-Based SM-OTFS System for Green Communication","authors":"K. M. Deepika Rajpoot;P. Maheswaran","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2024.3401250","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a novel modulation technique that improves the transmission reliability of the system in high-mobility scenarios. Spatial modulation (SM) appears as a green communication technique to enhance the spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the system. In this paper, we propose the transmit antenna selection (TAS) based SM-OTFS system to improve the transmit diversity (TD) and reliability in mobile communication environments. TAS is performed based on the Euclidean distances (EDTAS) of the transmit antenna (TA) subset. Further, we present low-complexity TAS based on a tree search scheme (LCTAS-TSS) for a small-scale SM-OTFS system. We show norm and antenna correlation (N-AC) based TAS scheme (LCTAS-N-AC) to reduce the search complexity of LCTAS-TSS further. The complexities of EDTAS, LCTAS-TSS, and LCTAS-N-AC are analyzed. Analytical expressions of TD for EDTAS are verified using simulation results. Simulation results show that LCTAS-TSS attains the same BER performance as the EDTAS scheme offers at reduced complexity. Moreover, results show that LCTAS-N-AC provides substantial complexity reduction compared to LCTAS-TSS and performs better than the conventional OTFS and SM-OTFS for comparable configurations.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"8 4","pages":"1492-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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