This article examines how printed newsbooks shaped conceptions of freedom of speech and the classical republican tradition in Britain. After exploring the persistent concern of parliamentary and then royalist newsbooks to provide true information to the public, the article considers how newsbooks increasingly condemned press control and state secrecy as tyrannical. Its final sections explore the contributions of Marchamont Nedham and examine how John Streater significantly advanced arguments for free speech as a foundational liberty for the free state, developing earlier claims in newsbooks. The article suggests that the invention of printed news encouraged more populist strands of classical republicanism.
{"title":"Freedom of speech, news and the classical republican tradition in seventeenth-century England","authors":"Jamie Gianoutsos","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htae006","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how printed newsbooks shaped conceptions of freedom of speech and the classical republican tradition in Britain. After exploring the persistent concern of parliamentary and then royalist newsbooks to provide true information to the public, the article considers how newsbooks increasingly condemned press control and state secrecy as tyrannical. Its final sections explore the contributions of Marchamont Nedham and examine how John Streater significantly advanced arguments for free speech as a foundational liberty for the free state, developing earlier claims in newsbooks. The article suggests that the invention of printed news encouraged more populist strands of classical republicanism.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines William Gladstone’s Irish policy through the prism of his commitment to ‘sound’ finance, a fiscal programme involving low taxation, minimal government expenditure, balanced budgets and free trade. These prescriptions, it argues, served as an unintentional stimulus to Irish nationalism while also encouraging Gladstone’s receptivity to Home Rule, because by the 1880s he had become convinced that the cost of governing Ireland within the framework of the Union was imperilling ‘sound’ finance throughout the United Kingdom. Viewed from the vantage of fiscal policy, it concludes, Gladstone’s approach to Ireland was characterized by ideological rigidity rather than political adaptability.
{"title":"Gladstone and Ireland: a financial approach","authors":"Douglas Kanter","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htae005","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines William Gladstone’s Irish policy through the prism of his commitment to ‘sound’ finance, a fiscal programme involving low taxation, minimal government expenditure, balanced budgets and free trade. These prescriptions, it argues, served as an unintentional stimulus to Irish nationalism while also encouraging Gladstone’s receptivity to Home Rule, because by the 1880s he had become convinced that the cost of governing Ireland within the framework of the Union was imperilling ‘sound’ finance throughout the United Kingdom. Viewed from the vantage of fiscal policy, it concludes, Gladstone’s approach to Ireland was characterized by ideological rigidity rather than political adaptability.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bringing environmental history, the history of medicine and the history of poverty into conversation with material culture studies, this article argues that sleep management in early modern England involved environmental practices in which bodies and matter were interwoven. Using records relating to the Worshipful Company of Upholders in London as a starting point, the article uncovers for the first time the range of animal and plant matter upon which early modern people slept. In so doing it transforms our view of the sleeping conditions of the early modern poor and demonstrates the significance of place-specific, material knowledge for health care practices.
{"title":"Making beds in early modern England: sleep, matter and environmental change","authors":"Holly Fletcher","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htae001","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing environmental history, the history of medicine and the history of poverty into conversation with material culture studies, this article argues that sleep management in early modern England involved environmental practices in which bodies and matter were interwoven. Using records relating to the Worshipful Company of Upholders in London as a starting point, the article uncovers for the first time the range of animal and plant matter upon which early modern people slept. In so doing it transforms our view of the sleeping conditions of the early modern poor and demonstrates the significance of place-specific, material knowledge for health care practices.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historians have debated the extent of poor relief and social security provision in late medieval England, yet our knowledge about the inmates of hospitals and almshouses remains limited. Corrodies – grants of food, clothes and shelter – have been seen as a way of alleviating poverty in old age. Utilizing the evidence of 260 corrodies, this article explores the gender, marital status and length of time recipients held their positions in two hospitals and two almshouses in Durham. Far from catering just to ageing male retainers, as is often thought, corrodies provided security for men and women of all ages.
{"title":"Social security in late medieval England: corrodies in the hospitals and almshouses of Durham Priory","authors":"A T Brown","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad033","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have debated the extent of poor relief and social security provision in late medieval England, yet our knowledge about the inmates of hospitals and almshouses remains limited. Corrodies – grants of food, clothes and shelter – have been seen as a way of alleviating poverty in old age. Utilizing the evidence of 260 corrodies, this article explores the gender, marital status and length of time recipients held their positions in two hospitals and two almshouses in Durham. Far from catering just to ageing male retainers, as is often thought, corrodies provided security for men and women of all ages.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1922 referendum White Southern Rhodesian voters rejected the Union of South Africa in favour of becoming a self-governing part of the British empire. This article will examine White Southern Rhodesian perceptions of South Africa during the referendum, considering historiographic ideas, particularly the ‘British world’, using contemporary newspapers and letters. The argument of this article is that White Southern Rhodesians saw themselves as distinct from White South Africans and that this is emblematic of the complicated nature of the ‘British world’ idea. The ‘British world’ is a useful idea, but it is hindered by the ambiguity of its parameters.
{"title":"Whiteness is not enough: South Africa and the 1922 responsible government referendum in Southern Rhodesia","authors":"Charlton Francis Cussans","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad026","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1922 referendum White Southern Rhodesian voters rejected the Union of South Africa in favour of becoming a self-governing part of the British empire. This article will examine White Southern Rhodesian perceptions of South Africa during the referendum, considering historiographic ideas, particularly the ‘British world’, using contemporary newspapers and letters. The argument of this article is that White Southern Rhodesians saw themselves as distinct from White South Africans and that this is emblematic of the complicated nature of the ‘British world’ idea. The ‘British world’ is a useful idea, but it is hindered by the ambiguity of its parameters.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his late thirteenth-century collection of playful and amusing recipes, which this article calls magic tricks, Richard de Grimhill, a low-ranking Worcester noble, collected a trick ‘to make a ring jump in the manner of a locust’, alongside other instructions to animate domestic objects such as eggs, loaves of bread and spit-roasting chickens. Using a source base of 100 late medieval manuscripts, this article demonstrates that rings and other domestic objects were animated in various ways: through sleight of hand, by exploiting the chemical properties of mercury, or with a mixture of mercury, sulphur, and saltpetre. Placing these three methods in their manuscript and cultural contexts, I underscore that late medieval European people experienced magic tricks as a form of both cognitive play and playful experimentation with chemical knowledge. They thus have broader implications for late medieval European approaches to the possibilities and limitations of the human mind and physical matter.
理查德-德-格里姆希尔（Richard de Grimhill）是伍斯特的一名低级贵族，他在 13 世纪晚期收集的俏皮有趣的秘方（本文称之为魔术）中，收集了一个 "让戒指以蝗虫的方式跳跃 "的小把戏，以及其他让鸡蛋、面包和烤鸡等家用物品活起来的说明。这篇文章利用 100 份中世纪晚期手稿的资料库，展示了戒指和其他家用物品的各种活化方法：通过技巧、利用汞的化学特性或使用汞、硫磺和硝石的混合物。将这三种方法置于手稿和文化背景中，我强调中世纪晚期的欧洲人将魔术技巧视为一种认知游戏和化学知识的游戏性实验。因此，它们对中世纪晚期欧洲人如何看待人类心灵和物理物质的可能性和局限性具有更广泛的影响。
{"title":"‘How to make a ring jump in the manner of a locust’: recipes to animate small objects in late medieval European manuscripts","authors":"Vanessa da Silva Baptista","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad028","url":null,"abstract":"In his late thirteenth-century collection of playful and amusing recipes, which this article calls magic tricks, Richard de Grimhill, a low-ranking Worcester noble, collected a trick ‘to make a ring jump in the manner of a locust’, alongside other instructions to animate domestic objects such as eggs, loaves of bread and spit-roasting chickens. Using a source base of 100 late medieval manuscripts, this article demonstrates that rings and other domestic objects were animated in various ways: through sleight of hand, by exploiting the chemical properties of mercury, or with a mixture of mercury, sulphur, and saltpetre. Placing these three methods in their manuscript and cultural contexts, I underscore that late medieval European people experienced magic tricks as a form of both cognitive play and playful experimentation with chemical knowledge. They thus have broader implications for late medieval European approaches to the possibilities and limitations of the human mind and physical matter.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"73 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henry VII of England has never been considered a ‘crusader king’; his monetary contributions towards anti-Ottoman crusading have been characterized by his biographers as little more than bribes designed to constrain the ambitions of would-be pretenders to the English throne. However, an unpublished Anglo-Hungarian treaty of alliance calls such simplistic explanations into question, showing that after the death of his son Arthur, prince of Wales, in spring 1502, Henry VII attempted to insert England into a pan-European platform of anti-Ottoman alliances using the provision of crusade financing as a diplomatic lever. This article shows just how Henry VII’s ‘crusade diplomacy’ worked in practice, arguing for a reassessment of what has long appeared to be the settled question of Henry VII’s foreign policy aims and demonstrating the centrality of the ‘Turkish question’ to early sixteenth-century European diplomacy.
{"title":"King Henry VII and the case of the missing treaty: Anglo-Hungarian crusading diplomacy reconsidered","authors":"Charlotte Gauthier","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad030","url":null,"abstract":"Henry VII of England has never been considered a ‘crusader king’; his monetary contributions towards anti-Ottoman crusading have been characterized by his biographers as little more than bribes designed to constrain the ambitions of would-be pretenders to the English throne. However, an unpublished Anglo-Hungarian treaty of alliance calls such simplistic explanations into question, showing that after the death of his son Arthur, prince of Wales, in spring 1502, Henry VII attempted to insert England into a pan-European platform of anti-Ottoman alliances using the provision of crusade financing as a diplomatic lever. This article shows just how Henry VII’s ‘crusade diplomacy’ worked in practice, arguing for a reassessment of what has long appeared to be the settled question of Henry VII’s foreign policy aims and demonstrating the centrality of the ‘Turkish question’ to early sixteenth-century European diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars were experienced by the ears as much as the eyes, yet the auditory dimensions of these conflicts have received limited attention from historians. This article interrogates the reach and reception of military music in wartime Britain and Ireland by drawing on a wealth of evidence from memoirs, diaries, press reports and regimental archives. It demonstrates that military bands provided sought-after entertainment at myriad public events and staged open-air concerts for socially diverse audiences. The article interprets martial music-making as an important civil-military interface and a potent form of cultural propaganda: a means of inculcating patriotism and asserting the sonic supremacy of the established order in a revolutionary age. But it also reveals that military music provoked irritation, controversy and distress, not least by generating noise complaints and exacerbating sectarianism in Ireland. The article concludes by considering the role of British regimental music-making in overseas colonies and foreign theatres of operations, arguing that it functioned as a form of soft power that underpinned imperial authority, aided diplomacy and eased relations with local inhabitants. An intrusive symptom of large-scale military mobilization, martial music shaped civilian attitudes and soundscapes while profoundly influencing broader musical culture.
{"title":"Military music and society during the French wars, 1793–1815","authors":"Eamonn O’Keeffe","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad027","url":null,"abstract":"The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars were experienced by the ears as much as the eyes, yet the auditory dimensions of these conflicts have received limited attention from historians. This article interrogates the reach and reception of military music in wartime Britain and Ireland by drawing on a wealth of evidence from memoirs, diaries, press reports and regimental archives. It demonstrates that military bands provided sought-after entertainment at myriad public events and staged open-air concerts for socially diverse audiences. The article interprets martial music-making as an important civil-military interface and a potent form of cultural propaganda: a means of inculcating patriotism and asserting the sonic supremacy of the established order in a revolutionary age. But it also reveals that military music provoked irritation, controversy and distress, not least by generating noise complaints and exacerbating sectarianism in Ireland. The article concludes by considering the role of British regimental music-making in overseas colonies and foreign theatres of operations, arguing that it functioned as a form of soft power that underpinned imperial authority, aided diplomacy and eased relations with local inhabitants. An intrusive symptom of large-scale military mobilization, martial music shaped civilian attitudes and soundscapes while profoundly influencing broader musical culture.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent development of studies of the itineraries of English monarchs has enhanced understanding of a range of aspects of their kingship, as well as of the road and river transport network. In the case of Henry VII, study of the king’s movements allows for a better understanding of his preferences between his residences in and near his capital, and the reasons for these choices. It also sheds light on a particularly controversial episode, the alleged confession by Sir James Tyrell in the Tower of London in 1502 of responsibility for the murders of the ‘princes in the Tower’.
{"title":"Henry VII and the Tower of London: the context of the ‘confession’ of Sir James Tyrell in 1502","authors":"Tim Thornton","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad031","url":null,"abstract":"The recent development of studies of the itineraries of English monarchs has enhanced understanding of a range of aspects of their kingship, as well as of the road and river transport network. In the case of Henry VII, study of the king’s movements allows for a better understanding of his preferences between his residences in and near his capital, and the reasons for these choices. It also sheds light on a particularly controversial episode, the alleged confession by Sir James Tyrell in the Tower of London in 1502 of responsibility for the murders of the ‘princes in the Tower’.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract From an environmental-historical perspective, this article seeks to contribute to the characterization of mining and metallurgy developed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the Argentine Cuyo region (Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis). It also seeks to examine the role they played in the region’s socio-historical dynamics, particularly in terms of the appropriation of available natural resources and the strategies employed in mining labours. The relationship among economic activities and the environmental configuration of the Cuyo territory and the social agents that lived there is analysed through four case studies that allow for greater understanding of the central role of sociopolitical causes in the definition of environmental transformations.
{"title":"The socio-environmental impact of mining in a peripheral Andean region, 1776–1831","authors":"Osvaldo Sironi","doi":"10.1093/hisres/htad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htad023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From an environmental-historical perspective, this article seeks to contribute to the characterization of mining and metallurgy developed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the Argentine Cuyo region (Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis). It also seeks to examine the role they played in the region’s socio-historical dynamics, particularly in terms of the appropriation of available natural resources and the strategies employed in mining labours. The relationship among economic activities and the environmental configuration of the Cuyo territory and the social agents that lived there is analysed through four case studies that allow for greater understanding of the central role of sociopolitical causes in the definition of environmental transformations.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":"25 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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