Marchamont Nedham, the English revolutionary journalist, for whom ostentatious side-changing became an occupational hazard, has earned a reputation among both contemporaries and many historians for perfidy and venality. This article proposes another interpretation of his career. A close contextualization of his canon of works and his professional circumstances with the varying political climates shows that his apparent changes of allegiance can be explained by his long-standing attachments to political patrons. Such fidelity is also evident in his duty to his family and in his personal friendships. His career exemplified professionalism, rational pragmatism and loyalty, often in difficult circumstances.
{"title":"Professionalism, perfidy and personal circumstance in the life of Marchamont Nedham","authors":"Joyce Macadam","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Marchamont Nedham, the English revolutionary journalist, for whom ostentatious side-changing became an occupational hazard, has earned a reputation among both contemporaries and many historians for perfidy and venality. This article proposes another interpretation of his career. A close contextualization of his canon of works and his professional circumstances with the varying political climates shows that his apparent changes of allegiance can be explained by his long-standing attachments to political patrons. Such fidelity is also evident in his duty to his family and in his personal friendships. His career exemplified professionalism, rational pragmatism and loyalty, often in difficult circumstances.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43716542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the First World War Britain’s criminals were mobilized in much the same way as the rest of society. Courts allowed defendants to avoid prison if they enlisted, while borstal boys, and later adult prisoners, were also granted early release. Although enlistment offered a chance for rehabilitation, criminals were also desirable due to their violent nature, and enlisting them reduced the cost of imprisonment at a time of straitened economic circumstances. How the war was interpreted and later remembered left little room for the inclusion of criminals, which effectively removed them from the collective narrative.
{"title":"‘Likely to make good soldiers’: mobilizing Britain’s criminal population during the First World War","authors":"C. McKay","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the First World War Britain’s criminals were mobilized in much the same way as the rest of society. Courts allowed defendants to avoid prison if they enlisted, while borstal boys, and later adult prisoners, were also granted early release. Although enlistment offered a chance for rehabilitation, criminals were also desirable due to their violent nature, and enlisting them reduced the cost of imprisonment at a time of straitened economic circumstances. How the war was interpreted and later remembered left little room for the inclusion of criminals, which effectively removed them from the collective narrative.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article assesses the twelfth-century Rochester dispute concerning St. Mary’s hospital at Strood. Bishop Gilbert Glanville’s plan to endow the hospital with monastic estates was vigorously resisted by the cathedral monks, with Gilbert traditionally being seen as an anti-monastic bishop. This article reassesses the events of the conflict and places it in the context of other twelfth-century disputes. It argues that Gilbert was not trying to supplant his cathedral chapter, but was instead trying to establish a hospital to care for the needs of the sick and poor pilgrims.
{"title":"The monks of Rochester and the hospital of St. Mary of Strood: a twelfth-century dispute reassessed","authors":"J. Barnaby","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article assesses the twelfth-century Rochester dispute concerning St. Mary’s hospital at Strood. Bishop Gilbert Glanville’s plan to endow the hospital with monastic estates was vigorously resisted by the cathedral monks, with Gilbert traditionally being seen as an anti-monastic bishop. This article reassesses the events of the conflict and places it in the context of other twelfth-century disputes. It argues that Gilbert was not trying to supplant his cathedral chapter, but was instead trying to establish a hospital to care for the needs of the sick and poor pilgrims.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42073933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior to 1914, British strategic thinkers considered the question of how to maintain British world power in the twentieth century. They developed visions of co-operation at sea between not only Britain and the Dominions, but also other states in the international system. During the First World War, these ideas merged with plans for the League of Nations, which British policymakers envisaged as a tool for enforcing peace through the use of sea power. This article explores these ideas, providing a different interpretation of the origins of the League, and the maritime strategic thought of key individuals including Halford Mackinder.
{"title":"‘Peace throughout the oceans and seas of the world’: British maritime strategic thought and world order, 1892–1919","authors":"Louis Halewood","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prior to 1914, British strategic thinkers considered the question of how to maintain British world power in the twentieth century. They developed visions of co-operation at sea between not only Britain and the Dominions, but also other states in the international system. During the First World War, these ideas merged with plans for the League of Nations, which British policymakers envisaged as a tool for enforcing peace through the use of sea power. This article explores these ideas, providing a different interpretation of the origins of the League, and the maritime strategic thought of key individuals including Halford Mackinder.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44633977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the role of mercantile coffee houses during the Seven Years’ War and the American War of Independence. The purpose is to examine mercantile coffee houses as public and private spaces, and to examine why people chose them as spaces in which to conduct business. The article examines how London’s mercantile coffee houses enabled the maritime population to understand, and remain informed about, maritime affairs during both wars. This includes how their presence facilitated the co-ordination of transoceanic trade, how their existence concentrated people in one place, and how they helped facilitate maritime and naval logistics.
{"title":"The heart of the maritime world: London’s ‘mercantile’ coffee houses in the Seven Years’ War and the American War of Independence, 1756–83","authors":"Anna Brinkman-Schwartz","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article focuses on the role of mercantile coffee houses during the Seven Years’ War and the American War of Independence. The purpose is to examine mercantile coffee houses as public and private spaces, and to examine why people chose them as spaces in which to conduct business. The article examines how London’s mercantile coffee houses enabled the maritime population to understand, and remain informed about, maritime affairs during both wars. This includes how their presence facilitated the co-ordination of transoceanic trade, how their existence concentrated people in one place, and how they helped facilitate maritime and naval logistics.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41324291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how shifts in political culture affect the formation of strategy. It does so by focusing upon the role that ‘public opinion’ played in debates over strategy in Britain from 1870 to 1914. The article makes three contributions. First, it challenges the notion that linkages between democracy and strategy were creations of the twentieth century or the result of developments in air power. Second, it deepens our understanding of civil-military relations in this period by examining how the armed forces responded to the age of mass politics. Finally, it contributes to recent work on the concept of ‘public opinion’.
{"title":"Strategy, rationality, and the idea of public opinion in Britain, 1870–1914","authors":"David Morgan-Owen","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines how shifts in political culture affect the formation of strategy. It does so by focusing upon the role that ‘public opinion’ played in debates over strategy in Britain from 1870 to 1914. The article makes three contributions. First, it challenges the notion that linkages between democracy and strategy were creations of the twentieth century or the result of developments in air power. Second, it deepens our understanding of civil-military relations in this period by examining how the armed forces responded to the age of mass politics. Finally, it contributes to recent work on the concept of ‘public opinion’.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This discussion provides the first in-depth investigation into the meaning and significance of a quite exceptional petition presented by the parliamentary Commons in the reign of Richard II. The petition survives as a unique copy in the chronicle of Henry Knighton: it was not recorded on the parliament roll. Knighton inserted the petition into his more general account of the Merciless Parliament of 1388. In this discussion I argue that the petition is most likely to have been presented in the parliament that met in the aftermath of the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, and as a result holds great constitutional significance.
{"title":"Henry Knighton, the Commons and the crisis of governance in the 1380s","authors":"Gwilym Dodd","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This discussion provides the first in-depth investigation into the meaning and significance of a quite exceptional petition presented by the parliamentary Commons in the reign of Richard II. The petition survives as a unique copy in the chronicle of Henry Knighton: it was not recorded on the parliament roll. Knighton inserted the petition into his more general account of the Merciless Parliament of 1388. In this discussion I argue that the petition is most likely to have been presented in the parliament that met in the aftermath of the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, and as a result holds great constitutional significance.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses the first years of the land order system of immigration that dominated Queensland’s settlement as a colony. Queensland issued land orders worth £30 per adult to fare-paying British and Irish immigrants who were mechanics, agriculturalists and people with modest amounts of capital. This form of immigration was facilitated through the work of an Emigration Commissioner – later an Agent-General – based in the British Isles. Henry Jordan held these positions in the period 1861–6. The article argues that land orders only partly met their intended outcomes, but that Jordan’s activities were essential for the scheme’s limited success.
{"title":"Peopling a new colony: Henry Jordan, land orders, and Queensland immigration, 1861–7","authors":"Kenneth W. Morgan","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses the first years of the land order system of immigration that dominated Queensland’s settlement as a colony. Queensland issued land orders worth £30 per adult to fare-paying British and Irish immigrants who were mechanics, agriculturalists and people with modest amounts of capital. This form of immigration was facilitated through the work of an Emigration Commissioner – later an Agent-General – based in the British Isles. Henry Jordan held these positions in the period 1861–6. The article argues that land orders only partly met their intended outcomes, but that Jordan’s activities were essential for the scheme’s limited success.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47631977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the production and circulation of news across the British Atlantic, focusing on two main events: the royalist rebellion at Barbados (1650-2) and the conquest of Jamaica (1655). Royalists and commonwealth supporters alike cast the rising on Barbados as an extension of the wars of the 1640s and early 1650s, which moved beyond England, Scotland, and Ireland into the Atlantic world. The conquest of Jamaica offered a new war against a different enemy, Spain, and a new imperial vision. Together, the Barbados rebellion and Jamaica conquest allow us to examine role of news in shaping political, military, and imperial goals.
{"title":"Barbados, Jamaica and the development of news culture in the mid seventeenth century","authors":"Nicole Greenspan","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the production and circulation of news across the British Atlantic, focusing on two main events: the royalist rebellion at Barbados (1650-2) and the conquest of Jamaica (1655). Royalists and commonwealth supporters alike cast the rising on Barbados as an extension of the wars of the 1640s and early 1650s, which moved beyond England, Scotland, and Ireland into the Atlantic world. The conquest of Jamaica offered a new war against a different enemy, Spain, and a new imperial vision. Together, the Barbados rebellion and Jamaica conquest allow us to examine role of news in shaping political, military, and imperial goals.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historians of the trial of Charles I will be familiar with the two copies of the manuscript journals kept in The National Archives of the U.K. and the U.K. Parliamentary Archives. Besides these manuscripts, two further copies of the trial proceedings are held in the Beinecke Library, Yale, and in the British Library. This article compares these versions to propose a tentative document history of the journals, suggesting that these manuscripts were produced for different purposes: what began as the basis for an authoritative public account of the trial later became a text intended for a more select legal audience.
{"title":"The manuscript journals of the trial of Charles I: new evidence on their provenance and purpose","authors":"Edward Vallance","doi":"10.1093/HISRES/HTAB012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Historians of the trial of Charles I will be familiar with the two copies of the manuscript journals kept in The National Archives of the U.K. and the U.K. Parliamentary Archives. Besides these manuscripts, two further copies of the trial proceedings are held in the Beinecke Library, Yale, and in the British Library. This article compares these versions to propose a tentative document history of the journals, suggesting that these manuscripts were produced for different purposes: what began as the basis for an authoritative public account of the trial later became a text intended for a more select legal audience.","PeriodicalId":13059,"journal":{"name":"Historical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/HISRES/HTAB012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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