Artificial photosynthesis is expected to solve energy, environment, and resources issues. Water splitting and CO2 reduction of artificial photosynthesis have extensively been studied using photocatalyst materials. Various metal oxide and sulfide photocatalysts developed by the author’s original strategies are introduced. These heterogeneous photocatalyst materials have been applied to a single particle system, Z-schematic system, and photoelectrochemical systems for water splitting and CO2 reduction using water as an electron donor.
{"title":"Water Splitting and CO 2 Reduction using Metal Oxide and Sulfide Photocatalyst Materials","authors":"A. Kudo","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.268","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial photosynthesis is expected to solve energy, environment, and resources issues. Water splitting and CO2 reduction of artificial photosynthesis have extensively been studied using photocatalyst materials. Various metal oxide and sulfide photocatalysts developed by the author’s original strategies are introduced. These heterogeneous photocatalyst materials have been applied to a single particle system, Z-schematic system, and photoelectrochemical systems for water splitting and CO2 reduction using water as an electron donor.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"5 1","pages":"268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79107377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adhesion between dissimilar materials is one of important issues in materials technologies. The bond formation between dissimilar materials should be effective to achieve the adhesion between the materials. Herein we conduct the direct adhesion of materials using non-covalent bond and covalent bond formation. We observed an external stimuli responsive adhesive system between cyclodextrin host-gels (CD gels) and guest molecules modified glass substrates (guest Sub). Using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction as covalent bond formation reaction, we observed direct adhesion between dissimilar materials (polymeric and inorganic materials). Glass substrate modified with iodoaryl group (I-Sub) selectively adhered to the hydrogel with an phenyl boronic acid (PB gel) using the cross-coupling reaction. The object (adhered PB gel and I-Sub) did not separate because the covalent bonds do not decompose and dissolve upon immersing into organic solvents. Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction can be applied to direct adhesion between gels and glass substrates. These results indicate that these reactions can be used for direct adhesion between dissimilar materials.
{"title":"Direct Adhesion between Materials Using Noncovalent Bond and Covalent Bond","authors":"Y. Takashima, T. Sekine, A. Harada","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.61","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesion between dissimilar materials is one of important issues in materials technologies. The bond formation between dissimilar materials should be effective to achieve the adhesion between the materials. Herein we conduct the direct adhesion of materials using non-covalent bond and covalent bond formation. We observed an external stimuli responsive adhesive system between cyclodextrin host-gels (CD gels) and guest molecules modified glass substrates (guest Sub). Using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction as covalent bond formation reaction, we observed direct adhesion between dissimilar materials (polymeric and inorganic materials). Glass substrate modified with iodoaryl group (I-Sub) selectively adhered to the hydrogel with an phenyl boronic acid (PB gel) using the cross-coupling reaction. The object (adhered PB gel and I-Sub) did not separate because the covalent bonds do not decompose and dissolve upon immersing into organic solvents. Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction can be applied to direct adhesion between gels and glass substrates. These results indicate that these reactions can be used for direct adhesion between dissimilar materials.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75270783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumera Shimizu, H. Asai, S. Ryu, S. Ito, Masataka Muto
All the stainless steels have specific “ native passive films ” formed on the surfaces. Previously, we have elucidated that the passive film on SUS304, typical 18Cr stainless steel, consists of a Cr(IV) oxyhydroxide (-O-Cr-OH-) network structure and Cr 2 O 3 deposited near the film / SUS interface : This dense passive film prevents bulk Fe-components from dissolving into the surface-adsorbed water. In this paper, we give explanations for the passive film on the SUS440C (18Cr-1C) surface, comparing with the case of SUS304 (18Cr-8Ni). As a result, due to the carbon components in SUS440C, fragmentation of Cr oxyhydroxide is promoted in the passive film. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of SUS440C becomes less than that of SUS304. Additionally, we report an interesting structural change of the SUS304 passive film observed by using in-situ total reflection X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
{"title":"Native Passive Films Formed on 18Cr Stainless Steel Surfaces: —A Factor of Corrosion Resistance and In-Situ Structural Change—@@@—耐食性の発現要因とその場環境における構造変化—","authors":"Sumera Shimizu, H. Asai, S. Ryu, S. Ito, Masataka Muto","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.559","url":null,"abstract":"All the stainless steels have specific “ native passive films ” formed on the surfaces. Previously, we have elucidated that the passive film on SUS304, typical 18Cr stainless steel, consists of a Cr(IV) oxyhydroxide (-O-Cr-OH-) network structure and Cr 2 O 3 deposited near the film / SUS interface : This dense passive film prevents bulk Fe-components from dissolving into the surface-adsorbed water. In this paper, we give explanations for the passive film on the SUS440C (18Cr-1C) surface, comparing with the case of SUS304 (18Cr-8Ni). As a result, due to the carbon components in SUS440C, fragmentation of Cr oxyhydroxide is promoted in the passive film. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of SUS440C becomes less than that of SUS304. Additionally, we report an interesting structural change of the SUS304 passive film observed by using in-situ total reflection X-ray absorption spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"210 1","pages":"559-564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76117177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The β -NMR technique and its application to the study of materials science are introduced. Using some different types of accelerator facility, β -NMR probe nuclei for various elements are useful as a beam with wide energy range, which enables us to select an implantation depth into a sample from surface to bulk. Our recent β -NMR studies on 8 Li in Li ion conductor material Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and 12 N in H 2 O are presented.
介绍了β核磁共振技术及其在材料科学研究中的应用。利用几种不同类型的加速器设备，对不同元素的β -NMR探针核作为一种宽能量范围的束流是有用的，这使我们能够选择从表面到体块的注入深度。本文介绍了我们最近对锂离子导体材料Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 o12中的8li和h2o中的12n的β -NMR研究。
{"title":"Fundamentals of β-NMR and its New Developments in Materials Science Studies","authors":"M. Mihara","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.188","url":null,"abstract":"The β -NMR technique and its application to the study of materials science are introduced. Using some different types of accelerator facility, β -NMR probe nuclei for various elements are useful as a beam with wide energy range, which enables us to select an implantation depth into a sample from surface to bulk. Our recent β -NMR studies on 8 Li in Li ion conductor material Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and 12 N in H 2 O are presented.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"140 1","pages":"188-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77521125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Core-level photoelectron diffraction provides element-specific atomic structure information. Forward focusing peaks (FFPs) indicate the directions of atoms surrounding a photoelectron emitter atom. When a core level is excited by circularly polarized light, angular momentum of light is transferred to an emitted photoelectron, which can be confirmed by the parallax shift measurement of FFP direction. Here I report the new observation and quantitative analysis of the angular momentum transfer from light to Auger electrons, and compare them with the photoelectron cases. Angular-momentum-polarized Cu LMM Auger electrons at the L absorption threshold, where the excited core electron is trapped at the conduction band, were detected. By setting an analyzer at the corresponding position in the FFP direction, the Auger electron with a specific angular momentum can be selectively detected. In the case of magnetic materials, circular dichroism in the X-ray absorption intensity was observed together with angular momentum transfer (parallax shift) effect.
{"title":"Magnetic Orbital Quantum Number Measurements: Phenomena and Applications","authors":"F. Matsui","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.542","url":null,"abstract":"Core-level photoelectron diffraction provides element-specific atomic structure information. Forward focusing peaks (FFPs) indicate the directions of atoms surrounding a photoelectron emitter atom. When a core level is excited by circularly polarized light, angular momentum of light is transferred to an emitted photoelectron, which can be confirmed by the parallax shift measurement of FFP direction. Here I report the new observation and quantitative analysis of the angular momentum transfer from light to Auger electrons, and compare them with the photoelectron cases. Angular-momentum-polarized Cu LMM Auger electrons at the L absorption threshold, where the excited core electron is trapped at the conduction band, were detected. By setting an analyzer at the corresponding position in the FFP direction, the Auger electron with a specific angular momentum can be selectively detected. In the case of magnetic materials, circular dichroism in the X-ray absorption intensity was observed together with angular momentum transfer (parallax shift) effect.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"5 1","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83643833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The resonance shear measurement (RSM), which we developed, can evaluate the rheological and tribological properties of confined liquids at surface separation distances (D) from μm (practically liquids are in the bulk state) to nm thicknesses. Thus, it is especially useful for studying the boundary lubrication for which the lubricant layer becomes in the nm level thickness and the solid surfaces are supposed to be partially in contact. In this article, we describe the principle and advantages of RSM, and review our recent RSM studies on tribology of nano-confined liquids. Four phenyl ether lubricant oils with different bulk viscosity confined between mica surfaces, and two ionic liquids ([C4 mim] [NTf2]) and [C4mim] [BF4]) showed significant increase in viscosity and the their magnitude relation became reverse when the gap became in nanometer thick. Friction of hydrogel (double network gel) and silica sphere was dominated by the elasticity of the deformed gel-silica interface.
{"title":"Resonance Shear Measurement on Nano-Confined Liquids and Friction Analysis","authors":"M. Mizukami, K. Kurihara","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.117","url":null,"abstract":"The resonance shear measurement (RSM), which we developed, can evaluate the rheological and tribological properties of confined liquids at surface separation distances (D) from μm (practically liquids are in the bulk state) to nm thicknesses. Thus, it is especially useful for studying the boundary lubrication for which the lubricant layer becomes in the nm level thickness and the solid surfaces are supposed to be partially in contact. In this article, we describe the principle and advantages of RSM, and review our recent RSM studies on tribology of nano-confined liquids. Four phenyl ether lubricant oils with different bulk viscosity confined between mica surfaces, and two ionic liquids ([C4 mim] [NTf2]) and [C4mim] [BF4]) showed significant increase in viscosity and the their magnitude relation became reverse when the gap became in nanometer thick. Friction of hydrogel (double network gel) and silica sphere was dominated by the elasticity of the deformed gel-silica interface.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"18 1","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82494584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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