Spin-orbit interaction in solids can be utilized for controlling spin-dependent transport phenomena. To realize them, we focus on thin films and interfaces of iridium (Ir) oxides since electron conduction there is dominated by 5d electrons with strong spin-orbit interaction. The first example is the inverse spin Hall effect, which converts a spin current into an electric voltage. The performance of IrO2 as a spin-current detector is better than those of noble metals. The second is the topological Hall effect originating from magnetic skyrmions. The epitaxial bilayers consisting of SrRuO3 and SrIrO3 enable us to generate skyrmions through artificially broken inversion symmetry at the interfaces. These results can be a step toward future spintronics.
{"title":"Spin-Dependent Transport Phenomena at 5 d -Electron Oxide Interfaces","authors":"J. Matsuno","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.614","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-orbit interaction in solids can be utilized for controlling spin-dependent transport phenomena. To realize them, we focus on thin films and interfaces of iridium (Ir) oxides since electron conduction there is dominated by 5d electrons with strong spin-orbit interaction. The first example is the inverse spin Hall effect, which converts a spin current into an electric voltage. The performance of IrO2 as a spin-current detector is better than those of noble metals. The second is the topological Hall effect originating from magnetic skyrmions. The epitaxial bilayers consisting of SrRuO3 and SrIrO3 enable us to generate skyrmions through artificially broken inversion symmetry at the interfaces. These results can be a step toward future spintronics.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"1 1","pages":"614-619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90199791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproducible way to grow high quality complex oxide thin films by means of pulsed laser deposition is addressed. Laser ablation conditions are the most essential ones to be controlled precisely because it directly relates to cation ratio of deposited thin films. In some specific case, substrate temperature and gas pressure also become important to control the film composition. Film quality is tightly correlated to the thin film stoichiometry.
{"title":"Synthesis of High Quality Complex Oxide Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition","authors":"T. Ohnishi","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.216","url":null,"abstract":"Reproducible way to grow high quality complex oxide thin films by means of pulsed laser deposition is addressed. Laser ablation conditions are the most essential ones to be controlled precisely because it directly relates to cation ratio of deposited thin films. In some specific case, substrate temperature and gas pressure also become important to control the film composition. Film quality is tightly correlated to the thin film stoichiometry.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"14 1","pages":"216-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89015192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A technology for SnO 2 coating, which keep surface hardness and does not peel with repeated alkaline washing was developed to provide lightweight returnable glass bottles. This advanced coating method enables us to produce lightweight returnable bottles with about 20 % weight reduction, which have nearly the same strength as conventional ones. It was realized by controlling the surface temperature of the bottle immediately after forming and using a chamber devised to get a uniform film thickness. The coating is formed by hydrolysis reaction of SnCl 4 . Coating conditions with high durability are as follows.
{"title":"Lightweight Returnable Glass Bottles Coated with Thin SnO 2 Films","authors":"T. Amano","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.303","url":null,"abstract":"A technology for SnO 2 coating, which keep surface hardness and does not peel with repeated alkaline washing was developed to provide lightweight returnable glass bottles. This advanced coating method enables us to produce lightweight returnable bottles with about 20 % weight reduction, which have nearly the same strength as conventional ones. It was realized by controlling the surface temperature of the bottle immediately after forming and using a chamber devised to get a uniform film thickness. The coating is formed by hydrolysis reaction of SnCl 4 . Coating conditions with high durability are as follows.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"80 1","pages":"303-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81115504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal clusters smaller than 2 nm exhibit novel physicochemical properties that are very different from those of the bulk state and strongly depend on their size and structure. The essential requirement for the study of their basic properties and for practical applications is to synthesize clusters as stable compounds while controlling their size with atomic precision. This account summarizes the state-of-the-art methods of size-controlled synthesis and structure determination of gold and silver clusters whose surfaces are passivated by monolayers of thiolates. The origin of the high stabilities of these isolated clusters is explained in terms of the closure of electronic and geometric shells.
{"title":"Atomically-Precise Synthesis and Structure Determination of Coinage Metal Clusters","authors":"Hirokazu Kitazawa, T. Tsukuda","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.4","url":null,"abstract":"Metal clusters smaller than 2 nm exhibit novel physicochemical properties that are very different from those of the bulk state and strongly depend on their size and structure. The essential requirement for the study of their basic properties and for practical applications is to synthesize clusters as stable compounds while controlling their size with atomic precision. This account summarizes the state-of-the-art methods of size-controlled synthesis and structure determination of gold and silver clusters whose surfaces are passivated by monolayers of thiolates. The origin of the high stabilities of these isolated clusters is explained in terms of the closure of electronic and geometric shells.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"18 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86006716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sunami, Yusuke Shimizu, Ikuko Yokota, Y. Igarashi, H. Kishimoto, Masayuki Matsushita
NIH-3T3 cells were adhered to three kinds of 3D micro-patterned scaffolds, placed face-down into culture medium in glass-bottomed dishes, and cell migration and the scaffolds were observed over 72 h. The three scaffolds differed only in terms of the unit shape of the repetitive pattern, namely a scale structure with equilateral triangular pores, a check structure with regular tetragonal pores, or a stripe structure with rectangular grooves. The angle that cells turn is influenced by the unit shape of the 3D patterned scaffold on which they are cultured. These differences in the angles that migrating cells turned correlated with differences in the angles they extended protrusions. In summary, the unit shape of the micro-patterned scaffold affects the angle at which cells extend, which in turn affects the angle at which migrating cells turn.
{"title":"Live Cell Migration Imaging on a Microfabricated Silicon Wafer","authors":"H. Sunami, Yusuke Shimizu, Ikuko Yokota, Y. Igarashi, H. Kishimoto, Masayuki Matsushita","doi":"10.1380/JSSSJ.38.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/JSSSJ.38.473","url":null,"abstract":"NIH-3T3 cells were adhered to three kinds of 3D micro-patterned scaffolds, placed face-down into culture medium in glass-bottomed dishes, and cell migration and the scaffolds were observed over 72 h. The three scaffolds differed only in terms of the unit shape of the repetitive pattern, namely a scale structure with equilateral triangular pores, a check structure with regular tetragonal pores, or a stripe structure with rectangular grooves. The angle that cells turn is influenced by the unit shape of the 3D patterned scaffold on which they are cultured. These differences in the angles that migrating cells turned correlated with differences in the angles they extended protrusions. In summary, the unit shape of the micro-patterned scaffold affects the angle at which cells extend, which in turn affects the angle at which migrating cells turn.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"114 1","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87582889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontiers of Research Using Scanning Probe Microscopy: Present and Future","authors":"T. Hitosugi","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"17 1","pages":"494-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yokota, A. Imanishi, T. Uemura, J. Takeya, K. Fukui
The structural properties of ionic liquid/rubrene single-crystal interfaces were investigated using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. The spontaneous dissolution of rubrene molecules into the ionic liquid was triggered by surface defects such as an oxidized rubrene or a vacancy, leading to the formation of a clean interface irrespective of the initial conditions. Force curve measurements revealed that a few solvation layers of ionic liquid molecules formed at the interface. We have also measured electric characteristics of electric double layer field-effect transistor based on the ionic liquid/rubrene single crystal interfaces. In contrast to usual devices, the mobility of field induced career was found to gradually increase with time for a day, consistent with the time scale of the spontaneous dissolution. These specific properties are discussed with respect to the microscopic understanding of electric doublelayer transistors.
{"title":"Interfacial Structural Investigations of Electric Double Layer Transistors Using Ionic Liquid: Relation between Microscopic Structures and Device Performances: —界面構造と電気二重層FET特性との相関—","authors":"Y. Yokota, A. Imanishi, T. Uemura, J. Takeya, K. Fukui","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.419","url":null,"abstract":"The structural properties of ionic liquid/rubrene single-crystal interfaces were investigated using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. The spontaneous dissolution of rubrene molecules into the ionic liquid was triggered by surface defects such as an oxidized rubrene or a vacancy, leading to the formation of a clean interface irrespective of the initial conditions. Force curve measurements revealed that a few solvation layers of ionic liquid molecules formed at the interface. We have also measured electric characteristics of electric double layer field-effect transistor based on the ionic liquid/rubrene single crystal interfaces. In contrast to usual devices, the mobility of field induced career was found to gradually increase with time for a day, consistent with the time scale of the spontaneous dissolution. These specific properties are discussed with respect to the microscopic understanding of electric doublelayer transistors.","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"8 1","pages":"419-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82708782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) surfaces have been extensively studied for its broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, and solar cells. Rutile TiO2 has also been investigated as a model system for studying the physical and chemical properties for studying more complex metal oxide surfaces. Here, we report studies of atomic-scale observation of TiO2 surfaces by atomic force microscopy (AFM). While AFM imaging mechanism on TiO2(110) has been understood well, we find the interpretation of AFM contrast on TiO2(011) is not straightforward. In addition, we also perform simultaneous AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements on subsurface charges and single Pt atoms on the TiO2(110) surfaces, respectively. We believe our findings in this report will be useful when investigate other catalytic system by AFM and KPFM
{"title":"Titanium Dioxide Surfaces Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"Jo Onoda, A. Yurtsever, M. Abe, Y. Sugimoto","doi":"10.1380/jsssj.38.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.38.413","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide (TiO2) surfaces have been extensively studied for its broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, and solar cells. Rutile TiO2 has also been investigated as a model system for studying the physical and chemical properties for studying more complex metal oxide surfaces. Here, we report studies of atomic-scale observation of TiO2 surfaces by atomic force microscopy (AFM). While AFM imaging mechanism on TiO2(110) has been understood well, we find the interpretation of AFM contrast on TiO2(011) is not straightforward. In addition, we also perform simultaneous AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements on subsurface charges and single Pt atoms on the TiO2(110) surfaces, respectively. We believe our findings in this report will be useful when investigate other catalytic system by AFM and KPFM","PeriodicalId":13075,"journal":{"name":"Hyomen Kagaku","volume":"1 1","pages":"413-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82790399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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