首页 > 最新文献

Human–Wildlife Interactions最新文献

英文 中文
Wild Boar in Flanders, Belgium: (Dis)agreements Between Key Stakeholders on Wild Boar Management Objectives, Actions, and Legal Provisions 比利时法兰德斯野猪:主要利益相关者就野猪管理目标、行动和法律规定达成的协议
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.26077/2D91-8A88
C. Geeraerts, Anne L. Rutten, Emma Cartuyvels, P. Verschelde, S. Devisscher, F. Turkelboom, P. Quataert, J. Casaer
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) reappeared in Flanders, Belgium in 2006 after more than half a century of absence. Besides being a native and highly valued game species in Europe, wild boar are also known to be responsible for car collisions, crop damage, disease transmission, and ecological damage at high densities. The management of wild boar therefore seeks to balance these positive and negative impacts. Given the highly fragmented landscape in Flanders and its multifunctional use, coexistence with wild boar is only possible through integrated management involving relevant stakeholder groups. However, to be successful, this requires that the management objectives, the overall wild boar policy of the Flemish authorities, and management actions are supported by the stakeholders. To assess the support for the current management, we conducted a survey among members of the 3 key stakeholder groups: farmers, hunters, and conservationists. Our survey assessed the importance stakeholders attribute to different management objectives, their support for the current legal provisions, and how desirable the different stakeholder groups considered possible management actions. The potential for conflict index was used to analyze the (dis)agreement between and within stakeholder groups. Reducing or preventing crop damage and the risk for car accidents are indicated as being the most important management objectives by all 3 stakeholder groups. Stakeholder groups differ strongly in their support for the current legal provisions. Those stakeholders that have to implement the legal provisions or are mostly affected by these laws are less supportive than others. The desirability of the possible management actions strongly varied according to the different stakeholder groups. Contrary to other studies, the desirability of a possible management action was hardly influenced by the management objective it tried to achieve.
在消失了半个多世纪之后,野猪于2006年在比利时的佛兰德斯重新出现。在欧洲,野猪不仅是一种珍贵的本地狩猎物种,而且在高密度的情况下,野猪也会造成汽车碰撞、农作物破坏、疾病传播和生态破坏。因此,野猪的管理寻求平衡这些积极和消极的影响。考虑到法兰德斯高度分散的景观及其多功能用途,只有通过涉及相关利益相关者群体的综合管理,才能与野猪共存。然而,要取得成功,这需要管理目标、佛兰德当局的整体野猪政策和管理行动得到利益相关者的支持。为了评估对当前管理的支持程度,我们在三个主要利益相关者群体中进行了调查:农民、猎人和保护主义者。我们的调查评估了利益相关者对不同管理目标的重要性,他们对现行法律规定的支持,以及不同利益相关者群体对可能的管理行动的期望程度。潜在冲突指数用于分析利益相关者群体之间和内部的(不)协议。所有3个利益相关者团体都指出,减少或防止作物损害和车祸风险是最重要的管理目标。利益相关者群体对现行法律规定的支持存在很大差异。那些必须执行法律规定或主要受这些法律影响的利益相关者比其他人更不支持。根据不同的利益相关者群体,可能的管理行动的可取性有很大的不同。与其他研究相反,可能的管理行动的可取性几乎不受其试图实现的管理目标的影响。
{"title":"Wild Boar in Flanders, Belgium: (Dis)agreements Between Key Stakeholders on Wild Boar Management Objectives, Actions, and Legal Provisions","authors":"C. Geeraerts, Anne L. Rutten, Emma Cartuyvels, P. Verschelde, S. Devisscher, F. Turkelboom, P. Quataert, J. Casaer","doi":"10.26077/2D91-8A88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/2D91-8A88","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boar (Sus scrofa) reappeared in Flanders, Belgium in 2006 after more than half a century of absence. Besides being a native and highly valued game species in Europe, wild boar are also known to be responsible for car collisions, crop damage, disease transmission, and ecological damage at high densities. The management of wild boar therefore seeks to balance these positive and negative impacts. Given the highly fragmented landscape in Flanders and its multifunctional use, coexistence with wild boar is only possible through integrated management involving relevant stakeholder groups. However, to be successful, this requires that the management objectives, the overall wild boar policy of the Flemish authorities, and management actions are supported by the stakeholders. To assess the support for the current management, we conducted a survey among members of the 3 key stakeholder groups: farmers, hunters, and conservationists. Our survey assessed the importance stakeholders attribute to different management objectives, their support for the current legal provisions, and how desirable the different stakeholder groups considered possible management actions. The potential for conflict index was used to analyze the (dis)agreement between and within stakeholder groups. Reducing or preventing crop damage and the risk for car accidents are indicated as being the most important management objectives by all 3 stakeholder groups. Stakeholder groups differ strongly in their support for the current legal provisions. Those stakeholders that have to implement the legal provisions or are mostly affected by these laws are less supportive than others. The desirability of the possible management actions strongly varied according to the different stakeholder groups. Contrary to other studies, the desirability of a possible management action was hardly influenced by the management objective it tried to achieve.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"31 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84722936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Interactions Between Humans, Crocodiles, and Hippos at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe 人类、鳄鱼和河马在津巴布韦卡里巴湖的互动
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/765A-76F4
I. Marowa, Joshua Matanzima, T. Nhiwatiwa
Human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) are on the increase due to shrinking space that results in increased competition for land, water, and other natural resources between humans and wildlife. Investigating the occurrence of HWCs is important in that the results can be used to formulate better management policies and strategies. In this paper, we describe the nature of HWCs emerging between humans and the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and between humans and the African hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius; hippo) on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba is the second largest manmade lake by volume in the world. Conflicts involving humans and these species are readily noticeable and played out around water bodies, which are sources of daily human sustenance and important habitats for aquatic wildlife. We used a mixed-methods approach to gather data on these conflicts, including questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. The research participants involved national parks officials, fishing camp residents, and HWC victims. Our research confirmed that crocodiles and hippos have negatively affected humans through deaths, injuries, instilling fear, and destruction of sources of livelihood for fishermen such as fishing nets and boats. In retaliation, humans have implemented lethal methods to remove problem animals. The results of this research can inform the conservation community about the severity of the conflicts, which have been exacerbated by current economic hardships, to better inform conservation policies.
由于空间不断缩小,人类与野生动物之间对土地、水和其他自然资源的竞争加剧,人类与野生动物之间的冲突(HWCs)正在增加。调查恶性循环的发生情况很重要,因为调查结果可以用来制定更好的管理政策和策略。在本文中,我们描述了人类与尼罗鳄(Crocodylus niloticus)之间以及人类与非洲河马(hippopotamus amphibius;河马)栖息在津巴布韦卡里巴湖。卡里巴湖是世界上第二大人工湖。人类和这些物种之间的冲突很容易引起注意,并在水体周围发生,水体是人类日常食物的来源,也是水生野生动物的重要栖息地。我们采用混合方法收集这些冲突的数据,包括问卷调查、面对面访谈、焦点小组讨论和参与者观察。研究参与者包括国家公园官员、钓鱼营地居民和HWC受害者。我们的研究证实,鳄鱼和河马通过死亡、伤害、灌输恐惧和破坏渔民的生计来源(如渔网和船只)对人类产生了负面影响。作为报复,人类使用了致命的方法来清除问题动物。这项研究的结果可以让保护界了解冲突的严重性,这种冲突因当前的经济困难而加剧,从而更好地为保护政策提供信息。
{"title":"Interactions Between Humans, Crocodiles, and Hippos at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe","authors":"I. Marowa, Joshua Matanzima, T. Nhiwatiwa","doi":"10.26077/765A-76F4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/765A-76F4","url":null,"abstract":"Human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) are on the increase due to shrinking space that results in increased competition for land, water, and other natural resources between humans and wildlife. Investigating the occurrence of HWCs is important in that the results can be used to formulate better management policies and strategies. In this paper, we describe the nature of HWCs emerging between humans and the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and between humans and the African hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius; hippo) on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba is the second largest manmade lake by volume in the world. Conflicts involving humans and these species are readily noticeable and played out around water bodies, which are sources of daily human sustenance and important habitats for aquatic wildlife. We used a mixed-methods approach to gather data on these conflicts, including questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. The research participants involved national parks officials, fishing camp residents, and HWC victims. Our research confirmed that crocodiles and hippos have negatively affected humans through deaths, injuries, instilling fear, and destruction of sources of livelihood for fishermen such as fishing nets and boats. In retaliation, humans have implemented lethal methods to remove problem animals. The results of this research can inform the conservation community about the severity of the conflicts, which have been exacerbated by current economic hardships, to better inform conservation policies.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"1 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90194318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Baboon and Vervet Monkey Crop-Foraging Behaviors on a Commercial South African Farm: Preliminary Implications for Damage Mitigation 南非商业农场上狒狒和黑尾猴的作物觅食行为:减轻损害的初步含义
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/5DBC-B920
Leah J. Findlay, R. A. Hill
Conflict between crop farmers and wild nonhuman primates is a worldwide conservation issue of increasing concern. Most of the research on wild primate crop foraging has so far focused on the conflicts with subsistence agriculture. Crop damage caused by primate foraging in large-scale commercial agriculture is also a major facet of human–wildlife conflict. Despite its increasing severity, there are very few published accounts of on-farm wild primate crop-foraging behavior or effective techniques to deter primates from field crops on commercial farms. To address this knowledge gap and identify some mitigation strategies, we used direct observation from a hide to collect behaviors and interspecific interactions between chacma baboons (Papio ursinus; baboons) and vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus; vervets) foraging in a 1-ha butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) field for 4 months (May to August) in 2013 on a 564-ha commercial farm in the Blouberg District of South Africa. Baboons caused the most crop damage, foraged on crops more in the mornings, and their rates of crop foraging were influenced primarily by natural vegetation productivity. Vervet monkey rates of crop foraging were primarily influenced by the presence of baboons. When baboons or vervets visited the farm, half of the visits did not involve crop foraging, and vervets were more likely to crop forage when they visited than baboons. Based on this preliminary study, we make recommendations for crop farmers to improve the effectiveness of current deterrent methods. These include increasing deterrent efforts when natural vegetation drops below a normalized difference vegetation index value of 0.32, especially during the hours before midday, chasing baboons and vervets farther from the farm rather than just out of crop fields, and increasing the perceived mortality risk of field guards. These recommendations should be evaluated to determine effectiveness before being adopted on a wider scale.
种植户与野生非人灵长类动物之间的冲突是一个日益受到关注的世界性保护问题。迄今为止,大多数关于野生灵长类动物作物觅食的研究都集中在与自给农业的冲突上。在大规模商业农业中,灵长类动物觅食造成的作物损害也是人类与野生动物冲突的一个主要方面。尽管其日益严重,但很少有关于农场野生灵长类动物觅食行为的报道,也很少有有效的技术来阻止灵长类动物在商业农场的田间作物。为了解决这一知识差距并确定一些缓解策略,我们使用了从隐藏处直接观察的方法来收集chacma狒狒(Papio ursinus;狒狒)和长尾猴(pygerythrus;2013年,在南非Blouberg区一个564公顷的商业农场,在一公顷的冬南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)地里觅食了4个月(5月至8月)。狒狒对作物造成的破坏最大,它们在早晨更多地觅食作物,它们的作物觅食率主要受自然植被生产力的影响。长尾猴的作物觅食率主要受狒狒存在的影响。当狒狒或黑尾猴访问农场时,一半的访问不涉及作物觅食,黑尾猴在访问时比狒狒更有可能种植饲料。在此初步研究的基础上,我们为农作物种植者提出建议,以提高现有威慑方法的有效性。这些措施包括,当自然植被下降到标准化植被指数差值0.32以下时,特别是在中午前的几个小时,加大威慑力度,在离农场更远的地方追逐狒狒和长尾鼠,而不仅仅是在农田外,并增加田间警卫的感知死亡风险。在更广泛地采用这些建议之前,应对这些建议进行评价,以确定其有效性。
{"title":"Baboon and Vervet Monkey Crop-Foraging Behaviors on a Commercial South African Farm: Preliminary Implications for Damage Mitigation","authors":"Leah J. Findlay, R. A. Hill","doi":"10.26077/5DBC-B920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/5DBC-B920","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict between crop farmers and wild nonhuman primates is a worldwide conservation issue of increasing concern. Most of the research on wild primate crop foraging has so far focused on the conflicts with subsistence agriculture. Crop damage caused by primate foraging in large-scale commercial agriculture is also a major facet of human–wildlife conflict. Despite its increasing severity, there are very few published accounts of on-farm wild primate crop-foraging behavior or effective techniques to deter primates from field crops on commercial farms. To address this knowledge gap and identify some mitigation strategies, we used direct observation from a hide to collect behaviors and interspecific interactions between chacma baboons (Papio ursinus; baboons) and vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus; vervets) foraging in a 1-ha butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) field for 4 months (May to August) in 2013 on a 564-ha commercial farm in the Blouberg District of South Africa. Baboons caused the most crop damage, foraged on crops more in the mornings, and their rates of crop foraging were influenced primarily by natural vegetation productivity. Vervet monkey rates of crop foraging were primarily influenced by the presence of baboons. When baboons or vervets visited the farm, half of the visits did not involve crop foraging, and vervets were more likely to crop forage when they visited than baboons. Based on this preliminary study, we make recommendations for crop farmers to improve the effectiveness of current deterrent methods. These include increasing deterrent efforts when natural vegetation drops below a normalized difference vegetation index value of 0.32, especially during the hours before midday, chasing baboons and vervets farther from the farm rather than just out of crop fields, and increasing the perceived mortality risk of field guards. These recommendations should be evaluated to determine effectiveness before being adopted on a wider scale.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"31 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74958240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Enhancing Existing Isolated Underpasses with Fencing Reduces Wildlife Crashes and Connects Habitat 用围栏加强现有的孤立地下通道,减少野生动物的碰撞,并连接栖息地
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/433F-0FDF
B. Donaldson, Kaitlyn E. M. Elliott
The impact of wildlife–vehicle collisions on drivers and wildlife populations has been gaining attention in the United States. Given the established success of wildlife crossings with fencing in reducing wildlife crashes and connecting habitat, information is needed on cost-effective means of implementation for departments of transportation. When wildlife crossings are constructed, they are often built into new road projects as a series of 2 or more underpasses and/or overpass structures connected by exclusionary fencing. Given limited transportation budgets and the prevalence of maintenance activities more so than new construction in many states, enhancing existing underpasses on previously constructed roads has been recognized as a cost-effective mitigation opportunity. More research is needed, however, on the effects of adding fencing to existing underpasses, particularly those that are too far from one another to be connected with contiguous fencing. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of this measure when applied to isolated underpasses. Approximately 1.6 km of 2.4-m-high wildlife fencing was added to each of 2 existing underpasses, a large bridge underpass and a large box culvert, situated approximately 8 km apart from one another on Interstate 64 in Virginia, USA. We conducted a 2-year post-fencing camera monitoring study and compared the findings from a 2-year pre-fencing study with regard to collision frequencies with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and black bears (Ursus americanus); the use of the underpasses by wildlife; and roadside deer activity. We also evaluated deer activity data to compare different fence end designs applied at the study sites. After fencing installation, deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) were reduced by 96.5% and 88% at the box culvert and bridge underpass, respectively, and there were no increases in DVCs within 1.6 km of the fence ends. Deer crossings increased 410% at the box culvert and 71% at the bridge underpass. Use of the culvert and bridge underpasses by other mammals increased 81% and 165%, respectively. Although deer use of the underpasses was much greater than their activity at any of the fence ends, there was relatively high deer activity at the fence ends that did not tie into a feature such as right-of-way fencing. Our study found that the addition of wildlife fencing to certain existing isolated underpasses can be a highly cost-effective means of increasing driver safety and enhancing habitat connectivity for wildlife. The benefits from crash reduction exceeded the fencing costs in 1.8 years, and fencing resulted in an average saving of >$2.3 million per site over the 25-year lifetime of the fencing. The results add to the growing body of knowledge about effective ways we can use existing infrastructure to connect wildlife habitat and increase driver safety.
在美国,野生动物与车辆碰撞对司机和野生动物种群的影响已经引起了人们的关注。鉴于设置围栏的野生动物过境点在减少野生动物碰撞和连接栖息地方面取得的成功,交通部门需要有关成本效益的实施方法的信息。当修建野生动物通道时,它们通常被建在新的道路项目中,作为一系列2个或更多的地下通道和/或立交桥结构,由隔离围栏连接起来。鉴于交通预算有限,而且在许多州,维修活动比新建设更为普遍,因此,在以前建造的道路上加强现有地下通道已被认为是一种具有成本效益的缓解机会。然而,在现有的地下通道上增加围栏的效果还需要更多的研究,特别是那些彼此距离太远而无法与连续围栏相连的地下通道。在本研究中,我们评估了该措施应用于孤立地下通道时的有效性。在美国弗吉尼亚州64号州际公路上,两条现有的地下通道,一条是大型桥梁地下通道,另一条是大型箱形涵洞,彼此相距约8公里,每条地下通道都增加了大约1.6公里的2.4米高的野生动物围栏。我们进行了一项为期2年的围栏后相机监测研究,并比较了围栏前2年与白尾鹿(Odocoileus virginianus)和黑熊(Ursus americanus)碰撞频率的研究结果;野生动物使用地下通道;还有路边鹿的活动。我们还评估了鹿的活动数据,以比较在研究地点应用的不同围栏末端设计。设置围栏后,箱涵和桥梁下道口的车鹿碰撞(DVCs)分别降低了96.5%和88%,且围栏两端1.6 km范围内的车鹿碰撞(DVCs)没有增加。箱形涵洞的鹿口增加了410%,桥下通道增加了71%。其他哺乳动物对涵洞和桥梁地下通道的使用分别增加了81%和165%。尽管鹿对地下通道的使用远远大于它们在任何围栏末端的活动,但在围栏末端,鹿的活动相对较高,这与路权围栏等特征无关。我们的研究发现,在某些现有的孤立地下通道上增加野生动物围栏是一种极具成本效益的方法,可以提高驾驶员的安全性,增强野生动物栖息地的连通性。减少碰撞的效益在1.8年内超过了围栏成本,在围栏25年的使用寿命内,平均每个站点节省了230万美元。研究结果增加了我们利用现有基础设施连接野生动物栖息地和提高驾驶员安全的有效方法的知识体系。
{"title":"Enhancing Existing Isolated Underpasses with Fencing Reduces Wildlife Crashes and Connects Habitat","authors":"B. Donaldson, Kaitlyn E. M. Elliott","doi":"10.26077/433F-0FDF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/433F-0FDF","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of wildlife–vehicle collisions on drivers and wildlife populations has been gaining attention in the United States. Given the established success of wildlife crossings with fencing in reducing wildlife crashes and connecting habitat, information is needed on cost-effective means of implementation for departments of transportation. When wildlife crossings are constructed, they are often built into new road projects as a series of 2 or more underpasses and/or overpass structures connected by exclusionary fencing. Given limited transportation budgets and the prevalence of maintenance activities more so than new construction in many states, enhancing existing underpasses on previously constructed roads has been recognized as a cost-effective mitigation opportunity. More research is needed, however, on the effects of adding fencing to existing underpasses, particularly those that are too far from one another to be connected with contiguous fencing. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of this measure when applied to isolated underpasses. Approximately 1.6 km of 2.4-m-high wildlife fencing was added to each of 2 existing underpasses, a large bridge underpass and a large box culvert, situated approximately 8 km apart from one another on Interstate 64 in Virginia, USA. We conducted a 2-year post-fencing camera monitoring study and compared the findings from a 2-year pre-fencing study with regard to collision frequencies with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and black bears (Ursus americanus); the use of the underpasses by wildlife; and roadside deer activity. We also evaluated deer activity data to compare different fence end designs applied at the study sites. After fencing installation, deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) were reduced by 96.5% and 88% at the box culvert and bridge underpass, respectively, and there were no increases in DVCs within 1.6 km of the fence ends. Deer crossings increased 410% at the box culvert and 71% at the bridge underpass. Use of the culvert and bridge underpasses by other mammals increased 81% and 165%, respectively. Although deer use of the underpasses was much greater than their activity at any of the fence ends, there was relatively high deer activity at the fence ends that did not tie into a feature such as right-of-way fencing. Our study found that the addition of wildlife fencing to certain existing isolated underpasses can be a highly cost-effective means of increasing driver safety and enhancing habitat connectivity for wildlife. The benefits from crash reduction exceeded the fencing costs in 1.8 years, and fencing resulted in an average saving of >$2.3 million per site over the 25-year lifetime of the fencing. The results add to the growing body of knowledge about effective ways we can use existing infrastructure to connect wildlife habitat and increase driver safety.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"72 8","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72537848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Book Review: The Wildlife Techniques Manual, Eighth Edition 书评:野生动物技术手册,第八版
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/FC33-1370
Justin Small
{"title":"Book Review: The Wildlife Techniques Manual, Eighth Edition","authors":"Justin Small","doi":"10.26077/FC33-1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/FC33-1370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"58 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84778192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel Method for Detecting Wild Boar Presence 一种检测野猪存在的新方法
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/168B-A33C
G. Massei, D. Cowan, J. Coats
Populations of wild boar and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are increasing in numbers and distribution worldwide, in parallel with their significant environmental and economic impact. Reliable methods to detect the presence of this species are needed for monitoring its natural range expansion and its occurrence in areas where animals have been deliberately or accidentally introduced. The main aim of this study, carried out in English woodlands recently colonized by wild boar, was to assess the effectiveness of a birch wood tar-based compound, to detect the presence of this species in presence/absence surveys. A pilot trial in woodlands where wild boar had been established for circa 20 years found that wild boar sniffed and rubbed their bodies against stakes treated with this compound significantly more than against control stakes treated with water, thus confirming that the birch wood tar attracted wild boar to stakes. A second trial, carried out by applying the birch wood tar to trees in 8 woodlands surrounding the core range of wild boar, found that these animals left consistently more activity signs such as rubbing, tusk marks, and rooting on or around trees treated with this compound than on or around control trees treated with water. These results suggest that birch wood tar can be used as a method to confirm presence of wild boar in an area. Possible applications of this compound include its use to increase trapping efficiency or its deployment to confirm the success of a local eradication.
野猪和野猪(Sus scrofa)种群在世界范围内的数量和分布都在增加,同时它们对环境和经济产生了重大影响。需要可靠的方法来检测该物种的存在,以监测其自然范围的扩大以及在有意或无意引入动物的地区发生的情况。本研究的主要目的是评估桦木焦油基化合物的有效性,并在存在/不存在调查中检测该物种的存在。在野猪已经生长了大约20年的林地中进行的一项试点试验发现,野猪对用这种化合物处理过的木桩嗅和摩擦它们的身体的次数明显多于对用水处理过的对照木桩的次数,从而证实了桦木焦油吸引野猪到木桩上。在第二次试验中,将桦木焦油涂在野猪核心范围周围的8个林地的树木上,发现这些动物在用这种化合物处理过的树木上或周围留下了更多的活动迹象,如摩擦、象牙痕迹和根,而不是在用水处理过的对照树木上或周围。这些结果表明,桦木焦油可以作为一种方法来确认野猪在一个地区的存在。该化合物的可能应用包括用于提高捕获效率或用于确认局部根除的成功。
{"title":"A Novel Method for Detecting Wild Boar Presence","authors":"G. Massei, D. Cowan, J. Coats","doi":"10.26077/168B-A33C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/168B-A33C","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of wild boar and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are increasing in numbers and distribution worldwide, in parallel with their significant environmental and economic impact. Reliable methods to detect the presence of this species are needed for monitoring its natural range expansion and its occurrence in areas where animals have been deliberately or accidentally introduced. The main aim of this study, carried out in English woodlands recently colonized by wild boar, was to assess the effectiveness of a birch wood tar-based compound, to detect the presence of this species in presence/absence surveys. A pilot trial in woodlands where wild boar had been established for circa 20 years found that wild boar sniffed and rubbed their bodies against stakes treated with this compound significantly more than against control stakes treated with water, thus confirming that the birch wood tar attracted wild boar to stakes. A second trial, carried out by applying the birch wood tar to trees in 8 woodlands surrounding the core range of wild boar, found that these animals left consistently more activity signs such as rubbing, tusk marks, and rooting on or around trees treated with this compound than on or around control trees treated with water. These results suggest that birch wood tar can be used as a method to confirm presence of wild boar in an area. Possible applications of this compound include its use to increase trapping efficiency or its deployment to confirm the success of a local eradication.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"113 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Utility of Visual Counts for Determining Efficacy of Management Tools for California Ground Squirrels 视觉计数在确定加利福尼亚地松鼠管理工具功效方面的效用
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/1D43-FBEA
R. Baldwin, T. Becchetti, Niamh M. Quinn, Ryan Meinerz
Visual counts are frequently used to assess efficacy of management tools for ground squirrels (Marmotini), but the effectiveness of this approach has not been assessed for many ground squirrel species including California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus spp.). As such, we used visual counts of California ground squirrels to determine the efficacy of diphacinonetreated oat groat applications in rangelands in central California, USA, and compared those results to efficacy values derived from the use of radio-collared ground squirrels in the same plots. We also used location data of radio-collared ground squirrels to explore the size of buffer zone needed around census plots to provide an accurate assessment of efficacy when using visual counts. We did not observe a difference in efficacy associated with the 2 monitoring strategies, indicating that visual counts are an effective monitoring tool for ground squirrels. We observed low efficacy in 2 treatment plots, likely due to low usage of those plots by ground squirrels. Increasing the size of buffer zones would increase the usage of treatment areas by the target population and would help to minimize reinvasion by adjacent ground squirrel populations, which could bias efficacy values low. We suggest a minimum of a 61-m buffer surrounding census plots. Increasing to 66 m or more would further benefit efficacy assessments, but increased size of the buffer zone must be balanced with greater costs and regulatory constraints.
视觉计数经常被用来评估管理工具对地松鼠(Marmotini)的有效性,但这种方法的有效性尚未对许多地松鼠物种进行评估,包括加利福尼亚地松鼠(otospermoophilus spp.)。因此,我们使用加州地松鼠的目视计数来确定在美国加利福尼亚州中部的牧场中使用灭蟑剂处理过的燕麦粥的功效,并将这些结果与在同一地块使用带无线电项圈的地松鼠获得的功效值进行比较。我们还利用无线电项圈地松鼠的位置数据来探索普查地块周围所需缓冲区的大小,以便在使用视觉计数时提供准确的效果评估。我们没有观察到与两种监测策略相关的疗效差异,这表明视觉计数是一种有效的监测工具。我们观察到2个处理地块的效果较低,可能是由于地松鼠对这些地块的利用率较低。增加缓冲区的大小将增加目标种群对处理区域的利用,并有助于减少邻近地松鼠种群的再次入侵,这可能会使效果值偏低。我们建议在人口普查地块周围至少有61米的缓冲区。增加到66米或更多将进一步有利于有效性评估,但缓冲区面积的增加必须与更大的成本和监管限制相平衡。
{"title":"Utility of Visual Counts for Determining Efficacy of Management Tools for California Ground Squirrels","authors":"R. Baldwin, T. Becchetti, Niamh M. Quinn, Ryan Meinerz","doi":"10.26077/1D43-FBEA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/1D43-FBEA","url":null,"abstract":"Visual counts are frequently used to assess efficacy of management tools for ground squirrels (Marmotini), but the effectiveness of this approach has not been assessed for many ground squirrel species including California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus spp.). As such, we used visual counts of California ground squirrels to determine the efficacy of diphacinonetreated oat groat applications in rangelands in central California, USA, and compared those results to efficacy values derived from the use of radio-collared ground squirrels in the same plots. We also used location data of radio-collared ground squirrels to explore the size of buffer zone needed around census plots to provide an accurate assessment of efficacy when using visual counts. We did not observe a difference in efficacy associated with the 2 monitoring strategies, indicating that visual counts are an effective monitoring tool for ground squirrels. We observed low efficacy in 2 treatment plots, likely due to low usage of those plots by ground squirrels. Increasing the size of buffer zones would increase the usage of treatment areas by the target population and would help to minimize reinvasion by adjacent ground squirrel populations, which could bias efficacy values low. We suggest a minimum of a 61-m buffer surrounding census plots. Increasing to 66 m or more would further benefit efficacy assessments, but increased size of the buffer zone must be balanced with greater costs and regulatory constraints.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"99 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Temporal Trends and Drivers of Mountain Lion Depredation in California, USA 美国加州美洲狮掠夺的时间趋势和驱动因素
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/C5BB-DE20
Justin A. Dellinger, D. Macon, Jaime L. Rudd, D. Clifford, S. Torres
.
{"title":"Temporal Trends and Drivers of Mountain Lion Depredation in California, USA","authors":"Justin A. Dellinger, D. Macon, Jaime L. Rudd, D. Clifford, S. Torres","doi":"10.26077/C5BB-DE20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/C5BB-DE20","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"66 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90672293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Damage to Forest Tree Plantations by Wild Boar in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国野猪对林木人工林的危害评价
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/109A-E424
Vlastimil Skoták, Jakub Drimaj, J. Kamler
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Central Europe have been growing longterm, and damages to crops and forests where boars damage freshly planted tree seedlings are growing too. In addition to having a significant economic impact, these damages worsen the prospect of successful restoration of bare land. This study presents an analysis of damage to tree seedling plantations caused by wild boar in the Czech Republic. We used data from an extensive questionnaire survey among forest owners, our own survey of the extent of damage in model areas, and experiments in locations with a large boar population. Damage to plantings is a widespread phenomenon, and up to 80% of planted trees may be damaged in heavily affected locations. The wild boar does not differentiate between bareroot or containerized seedlings or tree species. Trees were often simply pulled out, without any traces of damage to the root system. Wild boar preferences were not affected by the composition of the substrate of containerized seedlings. Seedlings were damaged most often during the 4 weeks after planting; after this period, the risk of damage fell considerably. Based on the obtained data, we estimated that the damage caused by wild boar rooting out seedlings in 2019 throughout the Czech Republic amounted to $3,199,200 USD, which is equivalent to $122 USD per km2 of forest land. As we are not currently aware of any method of protection against this damage, the most expedient solution seems to be the reduction of the wild boar population, as well as to monitor and protect freshly established cultures, for a period of at least 4 weeks after planting.
在中欧,野猪(Sus scrofa)的数量一直在增长,野猪对农作物和森林的破坏也在增加,野猪对新种植的树苗的破坏也在增加。除了具有重大的经济影响外,这些损害还使成功恢复裸地的前景恶化。本研究分析了捷克共和国野猪对树苗人工林造成的危害。我们使用的数据来自对森林所有者的广泛问卷调查,我们自己对模型区域损害程度的调查,以及在野猪种群众多的地方进行的实验。对植物的破坏是一种普遍现象,在受影响严重的地区,高达80%的种植树木可能受损。野猪不区分裸根或容器苗或树种。树木通常被简单地拔了出来,根系没有任何损伤的痕迹。野猪的偏好不受容器苗基质组成的影响。幼苗在播种后4周内受损最严重;在此之后,损失的风险大大降低。根据获得的数据,我们估计2019年整个捷克共和国野猪根苗造成的损失为3199200美元,相当于每平方公里林地122美元。由于我们目前还不知道任何防止这种损害的方法,最权宜的解决方案似乎是减少野猪数量,并在种植后至少4周内监测和保护新建立的栽培。
{"title":"Evaluation of Damage to Forest Tree Plantations by Wild Boar in the Czech Republic","authors":"Vlastimil Skoták, Jakub Drimaj, J. Kamler","doi":"10.26077/109A-E424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/109A-E424","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Central Europe have been growing longterm, and damages to crops and forests where boars damage freshly planted tree seedlings are growing too. In addition to having a significant economic impact, these damages worsen the prospect of successful restoration of bare land. This study presents an analysis of damage to tree seedling plantations caused by wild boar in the Czech Republic. We used data from an extensive questionnaire survey among forest owners, our own survey of the extent of damage in model areas, and experiments in locations with a large boar population. Damage to plantings is a widespread phenomenon, and up to 80% of planted trees may be damaged in heavily affected locations. The wild boar does not differentiate between bareroot or containerized seedlings or tree species. Trees were often simply pulled out, without any traces of damage to the root system. Wild boar preferences were not affected by the composition of the substrate of containerized seedlings. Seedlings were damaged most often during the 4 weeks after planting; after this period, the risk of damage fell considerably. Based on the obtained data, we estimated that the damage caused by wild boar rooting out seedlings in 2019 throughout the Czech Republic amounted to $3,199,200 USD, which is equivalent to $122 USD per km2 of forest land. As we are not currently aware of any method of protection against this damage, the most expedient solution seems to be the reduction of the wild boar population, as well as to monitor and protect freshly established cultures, for a period of at least 4 weeks after planting.","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"3 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72970854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Does Hunting Affect the Behavior of Wild Pigs 狩猎会影响野猪的行为吗
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/3A83-9155
O. Keuling, G. Massei
{"title":"Does Hunting Affect the Behavior of Wild Pigs","authors":"O. Keuling, G. Massei","doi":"10.26077/3A83-9155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26077/3A83-9155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13095,"journal":{"name":"Human–Wildlife Interactions","volume":"47 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82663569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
期刊
Human–Wildlife Interactions
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1