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After Decades of Suburban Deer Research and Management in the Eastern United States: Where Do We Go From Here? 经过美国东部几十年的郊区鹿研究和管理:我们从这里走向何方?
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/K7YE-K912
P. Curtis
State wildlife agencies have regulatory authority and oversight over deer (Cervidae) management in the United States. However, increased urban sprawl and overabundant deer populations have created increased human–deer conflicts. Because of the growing controversy surrounding the use of traditional management practices such as regulated hunting in suburban areas in the eastern United States, managers are now using specialized tools and management approaches to reduce deer conflicts in urban areas. However, this has created new challenges as they try to meet the desires of diverse stakeholder groups. Although deer management programs in urban areas differ somewhat in every state, effective management options remain limited. Essentially the same management tools that were used for 3 decades have not changed, even with substantial investments in deer research. Despite public support for deer fertility control, it is still largely experimental and expensive. Immunocontraceptive vaccines are seldom used because of the cost and difficulty of retreating free-ranging deer. Surgical sterilization of deer has shown promise, but the scale of application remains limited by cost and the number of deer that need to be handled. Lethal deer removal remains the only method that has consistently reduced deer numbers in an acceptable time frame at multiple scales. Even in areas where urban deer numbers have been substantially reduced using lethal methods, the resulting effects on deer populations and human–deer conflicts have been poorly documented. In highly fragmented, developed landscapes, removing enough deer to demonstrate impact reduction has been a difficult and expensive process. It usually takes multiple approaches across several years to achieve desired results. Thus, the lack of longterm planning and sufficient budgets needed to sustain management efforts may impede overall program success and sustainability. Herein, I review the lessons learned from multiple deer research and management efforts from suburban areas in the eastern United States and highlight potential directions for future urban deer management programs.
在美国,州野生动物机构对鹿(鹿科)的管理有管理权力和监督。然而,城市扩张的加剧和鹿群的过剩造成了越来越多的人鹿冲突。由于围绕传统管理方法的使用(如在美国东部郊区有规定的狩猎)的争议越来越大,管理人员现在正在使用专门的工具和管理方法来减少城市地区的鹿冲突。然而,当他们试图满足不同利益相关者群体的愿望时,这带来了新的挑战。尽管每个州的城市地区的鹿管理计划有所不同,但有效的管理选择仍然有限。从本质上讲,使用了30年的管理工具并没有改变,即使对鹿的研究进行了大量投资。尽管公众支持鹿的生育控制,但它在很大程度上仍然是实验性的,而且价格昂贵。由于自由放养的鹿撤退的成本和困难,很少使用免疫避孕疫苗。鹿的手术绝育已经显示出希望,但应用的规模仍然受到成本和需要处理的鹿的数量的限制。在一个可接受的时间框架内,在多个尺度上,杀死鹿仍然是唯一能够持续减少鹿数量的方法。即使在使用致命方法大幅减少城市鹿数量的地区,对鹿数量和人鹿冲突的影响也很少有记录。在高度分散的发达景观中,清除足够的鹿以证明减少影响是一个困难而昂贵的过程。通常需要好几年的多种方法才能达到预期的结果。因此,缺乏长期计划和维持管理工作所需的足够预算可能会阻碍总体规划的成功和可持续性。在此,我回顾了从美国东部郊区的鹿研究和管理工作中获得的经验教训,并强调了未来城市鹿管理计划的潜在方向。
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引用次数: 5
Serum Chemistry Values in Wild Black Vultures in Mississippi, USA 美国密西西比州野生黑秃鹫血清化学值
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/E232-F34B
F. Cunningham, S. W. Jack, A. Deese, Eric R Wengert, K. V. Why, C. Huston, Scott Lemmons, R. Minnis
: Vultures (Cathartidae and Accipitridae) play an important role in ecosystem balance by rapidly disposing animal carcasses and thus preventing the potential spread of pathogens. Blood chemistry values provide a means of assessing the health of wildlife and wild animal populations; however, there are significant differences in chemistries among species and when comparing captive and free-living New and Old World vultures. In 2007, we collected blood serum from 30 female and 14 male wild, healthy black vultures ( Coragyps atratus ) live-trapped by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services from a power substation in Lowndes County, Mississippi, USA. We analyzed the blood serum to provide serum chemistry base values for use in clinical pathology. The chemical analytes we measured included sodium, chloride, potassium, carbon dioxide, anion gap, glucose, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, globulin, and aspartate aminotransferase. In general, blood chemistry values of black vultures were similar to those found in New and Old World vultures and raptor species. Average chemistry values for males were lower than females for sodium, chloride, creatinine, calcium, total protein, albumin, and globulin. The serum chemistry values we describe in this paper can be important indicators of avian health by gender for the black vulture. Our study provided important blood chemistry values from a large sample size, which is rarely available in free-ranging black vultures. These values could be used by scientists, veterinary pathologists, wildlife rehabilitation centers, and other researchers for baseline data for wild and free-ranging birds. Furthermore, the use of such parameters in assessing population health may enable conservationists to further research environmental conditions affecting species reproduction and survival.
秃鹫(秃鹰科和秃鹰科)通过快速处理动物尸体,从而防止病原体的潜在传播,在生态系统平衡中发挥重要作用。血液化学值提供了一种评估野生动物和野生动物种群健康状况的手段;然而,在物种之间,在比较圈养和自由生活的新大陆和旧大陆秃鹫时,化学成分存在显著差异。2007年,我们在美国密西西比州朗兹县的一个变电站收集了30只雌性和14只雄性野生健康黑秃鹫(Coragyps atratus)的血清,这些野生健康黑秃鹫是由美国农业部、动植物卫生检验局和野生动物服务处捕获的。我们对血清进行分析,为临床病理提供血清化学基础值。我们测量的化学分析物包括钠、氯、钾、二氧化碳、阴离子间隙、葡萄糖、肌酐、钙、磷、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和天冬氨酸转氨酶。总的来说,黑秃鹫的血液化学值与新、旧大陆秃鹫和猛禽物种相似。男性的钠、氯、肌酐、钙、总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白的平均化学值低于女性。本文所描述的血清化学值可以作为黑秃鹫按性别区分的禽类健康状况的重要指标。我们的研究从大样本中提供了重要的血液化学值,这在自由放养的黑秃鹫中很少得到。这些值可以被科学家、兽医病理学家、野生动物康复中心和其他研究人员用于野生和自由放养鸟类的基线数据。此外,在评估种群健康时使用这些参数可以使保护主义者进一步研究影响物种繁殖和生存的环境条件。
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引用次数: 0
Humans, Wildlife, and Our Environment: One Health is the Common Link 人类、野生动物和我们的环境:一个健康是共同的纽带
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/YASD-7R53
T. Messmer
At the time this commentary was written (March 18, 2020), 100 countries had confirmed cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus In China, where the outbreak was first reported, 81,000 people have been infected and more than 3,100 have died Outside of China, 50,000 people have been infected with the virus, and 1,300 have perished In the United States, there were 6,000 cases reported, 90 deaths, with 53 states and territories reporting cases Since the coronavirus outbreak was first reported, media reports have traced the cause of the outbreak to horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp ;Figure 3) There are literally hundreds of genetically diverse bat-borne coronaviruses in the wild Most of them are harmless, except for a group responsible for the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak Because of the global distribution of bats, their rich diversity, and the importance of bats as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses, the number of bat coronaviruses with the potential for transmission to humans will likely increase
在撰写这篇评论时(2020年3月18日),100个国家确诊了COVID-19病例,这是一种由新型冠状病毒引起的疾病。在首次报道疫情的中国,已有8.1万人感染,3100多人死亡。在中国以外,已有5万人感染该病毒,1300人死亡。自首次报道冠状病毒爆发以来,媒体报道已将疫情的原因追溯到马蹄形蝙蝠(Rhinolophus spp;图3)。野外有数百种基因不同的蝙蝠传播的冠状病毒,其中大多数是无害的,除了一种导致2002-2003年严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)爆发的病毒。鉴于蝙蝠作为冠状病毒天然宿主的重要性,有可能传播给人类的蝙蝠冠状病毒的数量可能会增加
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引用次数: 7
Evaluation of the Impacts of Radio-Marking Devices on Feral Horses and Burros in a Captive Setting 无线电标记装置对圈养环境中野马和毛驴影响的评估
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/127M-4X33
Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Sarah R. B. King, G. Collins
Radio-collars and other radio-marking devices have been invaluable tools for wildlife managers for >40 years. These marking devices have improved our understanding of wildlife spatial ecology and demographic parameters and provided new data facilitating model development for species conservation and management. Although these tools have been used on virtually all North American ungulates, their deployment on feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) or burros (E. asinus) has been limited. To determine if radio-collars and radio-tags could be safely deployed on feral equids, we conducted a 1-year observational study in 2015 to investigate fit and wear of radio-collars on feral horses and burros kept in pastures/pens at the Bureau of Land Management contracted adoption facility in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, USA. We assessed the impact of radio-collars and transmitter tags on individual behavior, body condition, and evaluated neck surface for effects. We tested 2 radio-collar shapes (teardrop and oval) and a radio-tag (i.e., avian backpack) braided into the mane and tail of horses. Behavior of mares did not differ between radio-collared (n = 12) and control (uncollared; n = 12) individuals. Despite the small sample size, collared burro jennies (n = 4) spent more time standing than controls (n = 4). Stallions wearing radio-collars (n = 9) fed less, moved less, and stood more than controls (n = 8). During the study, we did not detect injuries to the necks of mares or burro jennies, but stallions developed small sores (that healed while still wearing radio-collars and re-haired within 3 months). Two radio-collars occasionally flipped forward over the ears onto the foreheads of stallions. Although our study confirmed that radio-collars could be safely deployed on captive mares and jennies, stallions proved challenging for a variety of reasons. While our conclusions were optimistic, longer studies will be required to ensure radio-collar safety on free-ranging feral horses and burros.
40多年来,无线电项圈和其他无线电标记设备一直是野生动物管理人员的宝贵工具。这些标记装置提高了我们对野生动物空间生态学和人口统计学参数的认识,为物种保护和管理模式的建立提供了新的数据。尽管这些工具已经在几乎所有的北美有蹄类动物身上使用过,但它们在野马(Equus ferus caballus)或驴子(E. asinus)身上的应用却很有限。为了确定无线电项圈和无线电标签是否可以安全地部署在野生马科动物身上,我们在2015年进行了一项为期一年的观察性研究,调查无线电项圈在美国俄克拉何马州保罗谷土地管理局承包收养设施的牧场/围栏中饲养的野马和驴子的佩戴情况。我们评估了无线电项圈和发射器标签对个体行为、身体状况的影响,并评估了颈部表面的影响。我们测试了两种无线电项圈形状(泪滴和椭圆形)和无线电标签(即鸟类背包)编织到马的鬃毛和尾巴。戴上无线电项圈(n = 12)和对照组(未戴项圈;N = 12)个体。尽管样样量小,戴项圈的驴子(n = 4)比对照组(n = 4)站立的时间更长。戴无线电项圈的种马(n = 9)比对照组(n = 8)进食更少,移动更少,站立时间更长。在研究期间,我们没有发现母马或驴子的颈部受伤,但种马出现了小溃疡(在戴无线电项圈时愈合,并在3个月内重新长毛)。两个无线电项圈偶尔会在种马的前额上向前翻转。虽然我们的研究证实,无线电项圈可以安全地部署在圈养的母马和珍妮身上,但由于各种原因,公马被证明具有挑战性。虽然我们的结论是乐观的,但还需要更长时间的研究来确保无线电项圈对自由放养的野马和驴子的安全性。
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引用次数: 8
Indigenous Guardianship and Moose Monitoring: Weaving Indigenous and Western Ways of Knowing 土著监护和驼鹿监测:编织土著和西方的认识方式
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/67F5-D36B
J. Popp, Pauline Priadka, M. Young, K. Koch, James Morgan
Increasing global rates of wildlife species extinctions, extirpations, and declines warrant improvements to population monitoring and management approaches. To address regional environmental and wildlife issues, Indigenous communities globally are re-establishing traditional roles as stewards of the land through emerging Indigenous Guardianship Programs (IGPs). By providing the opportunity for community-level participation in monitoring and management, IGPs help foster cohesive solutions for long-term conservation of species while promoting environmental stewardship at the community level. Addressing challenges in monitoring and management of wildlife is especially critical for species that are of cultural and ecological importance at both community and distribution-wide scales. Herein, we describe IGPs in Canada with a focus on moose (Alces alces), an important species to many Indigenous Peoples across the species’ distribution. We outline common Western approaches to moose monitoring applied across Canadian jurisdictions and discuss ways in which weaving Indigenous knowledge systems and information gathered through local participation from Indigenous communities enhances monitoring initiatives at regional levels. We elaborate on a case study on moose monitoring and co-management in the community of Gitanyow in British Columbia, Canada to highlight the value of Guardianship to communities and species conservation in relation to moose. Our study reveals how IGPs and the weaving of Indigenous and Western knowledge systems can contribute to the maintenance of both ecological and cultural integrity to strengthen wildlife monitoring and management under changing global environments.
全球野生动物物种灭绝、灭绝和减少的速度日益加快,这就要求改进种群监测和管理方法。为了解决区域环境和野生动物问题,全球土著社区正在通过新兴的土著监护计划(IGPs)重新确立作为土地管理者的传统角色。通过为社区一级参与监测和管理提供机会,IGPs有助于促进长期物种保护的凝聚力解决方案,同时促进社区一级的环境管理。解决野生动物监测和管理方面的挑战对于在群落和分布范围内具有文化和生态重要性的物种尤为重要。在此,我们以驼鹿(Alces Alces)为重点描述了加拿大的IGPs,驼鹿是许多土著居民在物种分布中的重要物种。我们概述了适用于加拿大各司法管辖区的常见的西方驼鹿监测方法,并讨论了如何通过土著社区的当地参与来编织土著知识系统和收集信息,从而加强地区一级的监测举措。本文以加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省Gitanyow地区驼鹿监测与共同管理为例,阐述了驼鹿监护对群落和物种保护的价值。我们的研究揭示了在不断变化的全球环境下,IGPs以及土著和西方知识系统的交织如何有助于维护生态和文化完整性,从而加强野生动物的监测和管理。
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引用次数: 9
Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird: Implications for Endangered Species and Agricultural Damage Mitigation 棕头牛鹂的管理:对濒危物种和减轻农业损害的影响
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/BB8C-C1B8
B. D. Peer, B. Kus, M. Whitfield, L. Hall, S. I. Rothstein
The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater; cowbird) is unique among North American blackbirds (Icteridae) because it is managed to mitigate the negative effects on endangered songbirds and economic losses in agricultural crops. Cowbird brood parasitism can further affect species that are considered threatened or endangered due to anthropogenic land uses. Historically, cowbirds have often been culled without addressing ultimate causes of songbird population declines. Similar to other North American blackbirds, cowbirds depredate agricultural crops, albeit at a lower rate reported for other blackbird species. Conflicting information exists on the extent of agricultural damage caused by cowbirds and the effectiveness of mitigation measures for application to management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress that has been made in cowbird management from approximately 2005 to 2020 in relation to endangered species. We also reviewed losses to the rice (Oryza sativa) crop attributed to cowbirds and the programs designed to reduce depredation. Of the 4 songbird species in which cowbirds have been managed, both the Kirtland’s warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) and black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) have been removed from the endangered species list following population increases in response to habitat expansion. Cowbird trapping has ceased for Kirtland’s warbler but continues for the vireo. In contrast, least Bell’s vireo (V. bellii pusillus) and southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) still require cowbird control after modest increases in suitable habitat. Our review of rice depredation by cowbirds revealed models that have been created to determine the number of cowbirds that can be taken to decrease rice loss have been useful but require refinement with new data that incorporate cowbird population changes in the rice growing region, dietary preference studies, and current information on population sex ratios and female cowbird egg laying. Once this information has been gathered, bioenergetic and economic models would increase our understanding of the damage caused by cowbirds.
褐头牛鹂(Molothrus ater;牛鹂)在北美黑鹂(黄鹂科)中是独一无二的,因为它可以减轻对濒危鸣禽的负面影响和农业作物的经济损失。牛椋鸟的幼虫寄生会进一步影响由于人为土地利用而被认为受到威胁或濒临灭绝的物种。从历史上看,牛郎鸟经常在没有解决鸣鸟数量下降的最终原因的情况下被捕杀。与其他北美黑鸟类似,牛鹂也会破坏农作物,尽管其他黑鸟的比例较低。关于牛郎鸟对农业造成的损害程度和用于管理的缓解措施的有效性,存在相互矛盾的信息。本文综述了2005年至2020年我国在濒危物种方面所取得的进展。我们还回顾了牛椋鸟对水稻(Oryza sativa)作物造成的损失以及旨在减少掠夺的计划。在四种被管理的鸣禽中,由于栖息地的扩张导致种群数量增加,柯特兰莺(kirtlanddii)和黑冠灰莺(vireo atricapilla)都已从濒危物种名单中删除。对牛郎鸟的诱捕已经停止,但对牛郎鸟的诱捕仍在继续。相比之下,最小贝尔氏病毒(V. bellii pusillus)和西南柳捕蝇(emidonax traillii extimus)在适当的栖息地适度增加后仍然需要控制。我们对牛椋鸟对水稻的掠夺进行了回顾,发现用来确定牛椋鸟数量以减少水稻损失的模型是有用的,但需要结合水稻种植区牛椋鸟种群变化、饮食偏好研究以及种群性别比例和雌性牛椋鸟产卵的最新信息来改进新数据。一旦收集到这些信息,生物能源和经济模型将增加我们对牛郎鸟造成的损害的理解。
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引用次数: 6
Use of roadside deer removal to reduce deer-vehicle collisions 在路边清除野鹿,以减少野鹿与车辆相撞
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/T380-NK14
J. Kilgo, J. Blake, Tracy E. Grazia, A. Horcher, M. Larsen, T. Mims, S. Zarnoch
At the time this commentary was written (March 18, 2020), 100 countries had confirmed cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus In China, where the outbreak was first reported, 81,000 people have been infected and more than 3,100 have died Outside of China, 50,000 people have been infected with the virus, and 1,300 have perished In the United States, there were 6,000 cases reported, 90 deaths, with 53 states and territories reporting cases Since the coronavirus outbreak was first reported, media reports have traced the cause of the outbreak to horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp ;Figure 3) There are literally hundreds of genetically diverse bat-borne coronaviruses in the wild Most of them are harmless, except for a group responsible for the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak Because of the global distribution of bats, their rich diversity, and the importance of bats as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses, the number of bat coronaviruses with the potential for transmission to humans will likely increase
在撰写这篇评论时(2020年3月18日),100个国家确诊了COVID-19病例,这是一种由新型冠状病毒引起的疾病。在首次报道疫情的中国,已有8.1万人感染,3100多人死亡。在中国以外,已有5万人感染该病毒,1300人死亡。自首次报道冠状病毒爆发以来,媒体报道已将疫情的原因追溯到马蹄形蝙蝠(Rhinolophus spp;图3)。野外有数百种基因不同的蝙蝠传播的冠状病毒,其中大多数是无害的,除了一种导致2002-2003年严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)爆发的病毒。鉴于蝙蝠作为冠状病毒天然宿主的重要性,有可能传播给人类的蝙蝠冠状病毒的数量可能会增加
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引用次数: 2
How Close Is Too Close to Wildlife 离野生动物有多近
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/3972-3765
T. Messmer
In this issue of Human-Wildlife Interactions, our authors provide keen, powerful insights based on global research involving human interactions with amphibians, bears, birds, canids, amphibians, and ungulates Adult bison can weigh >900 kg and run >50 kph [ ]the U S National Park Service has recommended that visitors stay at least 20-25 m away from wild animals like bison and elk (Cervus canadensis) and 90 m away from bears (Ursus spp ) and other carnivores Not understanding wild animal behavior, coupled with an inability to judge what constitutes a safe distance when using our smartphone to capture our wildlife encounter, can be a recipe for disaster
在本期的《人类与野生动物的互动》中,我们的作者基于人类与两栖动物、熊、鸟、犬科动物、两栖动物、和有蹄类动物成年野牛重量在900公斤,运行在50公里[]美国国家公园管理局建议游客停留至少20 - 25米离野牛和麋鹿等野生动物(Cervus黄花)和90米离熊(熊属spp)和其他食肉动物不了解野生动物的行为,加上无法判断什么是一个安全的距离使用我们的智能手机捕捉野生动物接触时,可以是一个灾难
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引用次数: 0
Is the Banana Ripe? Andean Bear–Human Conflict in a Protected Area of Colombia 香蕉熟了吗?哥伦比亚保护区的安第斯熊与人的冲突
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/6E5E-089E
S. Escobar-Lasso, J. C. Cepeda-Duque, M. Gil-Fernández, José F. González-Maya
The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus; bear) is endemic to the tropical Andes Mountains of South America. Previous assessments predict that bear populations will decline by >30% in the next 30 years. The species may face the greatest threats within its historical distribution in Colombia where rapid agricultural expansion into natural habitats is increasing human–bear conflicts. Between April 2017 and March 2018, we studied bear feeding behavior on plantain (Musa sapientum) and banana (M. paradisiaca) crops within the Barbas-Bremen protected area in the central mountain range of Colombia to describe the magnitude of crop damage, economic losses, and spatial distribution of feeding sites where human–bear conflicts would most likely occur. We also identified all affected farmers and used structured interviews to determine their attitudes toward the bears and their conservation. We recorded 237 damaged plants and identified 57 bear feeding area locations on 9 farms. Bear damage consisted of bites to the trunk of each plant and consumption of the centers. The damage polygon covered 198 ha, and it was located in the northwestern portion of the protected area. Although we estimated that <1% of the total plantain and banana production in the area was lost due to bear depredation, surveyed farmers expressed negative attitudes toward bears and conservation groups seeking their protection. Our research is the first estimation of the magnitude of crop consumption by bears and social and economic dimensions of damage caused by the species in Colombia. Our research also provides insights on how human–bear conflicts may be mitigated in the study area.
安第斯熊;熊)是南美洲热带安第斯山脉特有的。此前的评估预测,熊的数量将在未来30年内下降50 - 30%。该物种在哥伦比亚的历史分布中可能面临最大的威胁,在那里,农业向自然栖息地的快速扩张正在加剧人类与熊的冲突。2017年4月至2018年3月,我们在哥伦比亚中部山脉的巴尔巴斯-不来梅保护区研究了熊对大蕉(Musa sapientum)和香蕉(M. paradisiaca)作物的摄食行为,以描述作物损害的程度、经济损失以及最可能发生人熊冲突的摄食地点的空间分布。我们还确定了所有受影响的农民,并使用结构化访谈来确定他们对熊及其保护的态度。我们记录了237个受损植物,并在9个农场确定了57个熊的进食区。熊的损害包括咬伤每棵植物的树干和消耗中心。受损多边形面积198公顷,位于保护区西北部。尽管我们估计该地区因熊的掠夺而损失的大蕉和香蕉产量不到总产量的1%,但接受调查的农民对熊和寻求保护它们的保护组织持消极态度。我们的研究是对哥伦比亚熊消耗作物的规模以及该物种造成的社会和经济损害的首次估计。我们的研究还提供了如何在研究区域减轻人熊冲突的见解。
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引用次数: 6
Tolerance of Bearded Vultures to Human Activities: Response to Comor et al. (2019) 胡须秃鹫对人类活动的耐受性:对Comor等人的回应(2019)
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/6652-5B85
O. Duriez, A. Margalida, Luc Albert, B. Arroyo, Virginie Couanon, Hélène Loustau, M. Razin, J. Mihoub
: The bearded vulture ( Gypaetus barbatus ) is listed as vulnerable in Europe on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List because of population declines over multiple generations. Vulture population declines have been attributed to shooting, use of toxicants, and changes in land use, which have resulted in habitat degradation and increased anthropogenic disturbances. Concomitantly, conservation authorities have restricted practices deemed harmful to the species and have established protection buffers around occupied vulture breeding sites to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on breeding success. Comor et al. (2019) compared bearded vulture breeding success over 6 years within and outside areas with restricted activities in the western French Pyrenees and assessed distances between vultures and hunting parties. They concluded that hunting was not a threat to species conservation and may even benefit vultures by providing alternative food resource. We dispute the conclusions of Comor et al. (2019) and present concerns about the data used, the study design, and the inferences taken from some of the data presented. Herein we provide arguments and rationale to support our opinion.
当前位置国际自然保护联盟将欧洲的胡子秃鹫(Gypaetus barbatus)列为易危物种,因为其数量在数代内不断减少。秃鹫数量的下降归因于射击、毒物的使用和土地利用的变化,这些变化导致了栖息地的退化和人为干扰的增加。与此同时,保护当局限制了对物种有害的做法,并在被占用的秃鹫繁殖地周围建立了保护缓冲区,以减轻人为干扰对繁殖成功的影响。Comor等人(2019)比较了6年来在法国西部比利牛斯山脉活动受限地区内外的胡须秃鹫繁殖成功率,并评估了秃鹫与狩猎队之间的距离。他们得出的结论是,狩猎对物种保护没有威胁,甚至可能通过提供替代食物资源而使秃鹫受益。我们对Comor等人(2019)的结论提出异议,并对所使用的数据、研究设计以及从所提供的一些数据中得出的推论表示担忧。在此,我们提供论据和理由来支持我们的观点。
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引用次数: 1
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Human–Wildlife Interactions
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