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Supporting Farmer Adoption of Sustainable Bird Management Strategies 支持农民采用可持续的鸟类管理策略
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/6DDA-B98D
C. Lindell
: Pest birds cause substantial and costly damage to crops. Managing birds is complex because (1) they are highly mobile, (2) they habituate quickly to many deterrents, (3) some species provide benefits to farmers by deterring and consuming pest insects, rodents, and other birds, and (4) birds are highly valued by many people. Thus, farmers have many issues to consider when developing bird management strategies. Here I discuss recent work indicating that farmer adoption of sustainable agricultural practices is more likely when practices are effective, clear guidelines for implementation are available, implementation is relatively easy, and when practices are linked, in farmers’ minds and logistically, with other farm management practices. This manuscript draws together information about these factors for common bird management tactics to aid in the development of sustainable bird management strategies by farmers and the development of education programs for farmers by extension personnel and researchers. Such strategies will necessarily involve combinations of tactics, following the framework of Integrated Pest Management.
有害鸟类对农作物造成巨大的损失。管理鸟类是复杂的,因为(1)它们是高度移动的,(2)它们对许多威慑物很快适应,(3)一些物种通过阻止和吃掉害虫、啮齿动物和其他鸟类为农民带来利益,(4)鸟类被许多人高度重视。因此,农民在制定鸟类管理策略时需要考虑许多问题。在这里,我将讨论最近的研究,这些研究表明,当实践行之有效、有明确的实施指导方针、实施相对容易,并且在农民的思想和逻辑上与其他农场管理实践相联系时,农民更有可能采用可持续农业实践。本文收集了有关这些因素的信息,用于常见的鸟类管理策略,以帮助农民制定可持续的鸟类管理策略,并通过推广人员和研究人员为农民制定教育计划。这种战略必然包括在虫害综合管理框架下的各种战术组合。
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引用次数: 7
Special Topic: Raven Management 专题:乌鸦管理
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/5747-3408
Peter Coates
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引用次数: 0
Special Topic: Bird Damage 专题:鸟类伤害
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/HH6N-H616
Jessica L. Tegt
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引用次数: 0
Movement Behavior of Radio-Tagged European Starlings in Urban, Rural, and Exurban Landscapes 无线电标记欧洲椋鸟在城市、农村和远郊景观中的运动行为
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/3145-950D
Page E. Klug, H. Homan
Since their intentional introduction into the United States in the 1800s, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) have become the fourth most common bird species and a nuisance bird pest in both urban and rural areas. Managers require better information about starling movement and habit-use patterns to effectively manage starling populations and the damage they cause. Thus, we revisited 6 radio-telemetry studies conducted during fall or winter between 2005 and 2010 to compare starling movements (n = 63 birds) and habitat use in 3 landscapes. Switching of roosting and foraging sites in habitat-sparse rural landscapes caused daytime (0900–1500 hours) radio fixes to be on average 2.6 to 6.3 times further from capture sites than either urban or exurban landscapes (P < 0.001). Roosts in urban city centers were smaller (<30,000 birds, minor roosts) than major roosts (>100,000 birds) 6–13 km away in industrial zones. Radio-tagged birds from city-center roosts occasionally switched to the outlying major roosts. A multitrack railroad overpass and a treed buffer zone were used as major roosts in urban landscapes. Birds traveling to roosts from primary foraging sites in exurban and rural landscapes would often pass over closer-lying minor roosts to reach major roosts in stands of emergent vegetation in large wetlands. Daytime minimum convex polygons ranged from 101–229 km2 (x̄ = 154 km2). Anthropogenic food resources (e.g., concentrated animal feeding operations, shipping yards, landfills, and abattoirs) were primary foraging sites. Wildlife resource managers can use this information to predict potential roosting and foraging sites and average areas to monitor when implementing programs in different landscapes. In addition to tracking roosting flights, we recommend viewing high-resolution aerial images to identify potential roosting and foraging habitats before implementing lethal culls (e.g., toxicant baiting).
欧洲椋鸟(Sturnus vulgaris)自19世纪被有意引入美国以来,已经成为第四大最常见的鸟类,在城市和农村地区都是一种讨厌的鸟类害虫。管理人员需要更好地了解椋鸟的运动和习惯使用模式,以有效地管理椋鸟种群及其造成的损害。因此,我们重新审视了2005年至2010年秋季或冬季进行的6项无线电遥测研究,以比较3种景观中椋鸟的运动(n = 63只鸟)和栖息地的使用情况。在栖息地稀疏的乡村景观中,栖息地和觅食地点的转换导致白天(0900-1500小时)无线电固定距离比城市或郊区景观平均距离远2.6 - 6.3倍(P < 0.001)。在6-13公里以外的工业区,城市中心的栖息地较小(10万只)。有无线电标记的鸟类偶尔会从城市中心的栖息地转移到偏远的主要栖息地。一个多轨铁路立交桥和一个树木缓冲区被用作城市景观的主要栖息地。鸟类从郊区和乡村的主要觅食地飞往栖息地,通常会经过较近的小栖息地,到达大型湿地中新兴植被林分的主要栖息地。白天最小凸多边形的范围为101-229 km2 (x ā = 154 km2)。人为食物资源(如集中的动物饲养作业、航运场、垃圾填埋场和屠宰场)是主要的觅食场所。野生动物资源管理者可以利用这些信息来预测潜在的栖息和觅食地点以及在不同景观中实施项目时要监测的平均区域。除了跟踪栖息飞行,我们建议在实施致命捕杀(例如有毒诱饵)之前,查看高分辨率航拍图像,以确定潜在的栖息和觅食栖息地。
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引用次数: 3
The COVID-19 challenge: Zoonotic diseases and wildlife COVID-19的挑战:人畜共患疾病和野生动物
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4060/cb1163en
Anonymous
The far-reaching impacts of COVID-19 on the entire planet have mobilized numerous calls to prevent similar pandemics in the future. Appeals have ranged from advocacy for the permanent closure of markets where wild animals may be sold, to banning all commercial use of wildlife, to significantly stepping up sanitary measures and monitoring along all food value chains. In this document, the Members of the Collaborative Partnership on Sustainable Wildlife Management (CPW) propose four guiding principles to assist practitioners and decision-makers in making practical and scientifically informed responses. These principles aim to reduce the risk of future pandemics originating from wild animals, at the same time as strengthening the conservation of wildlife whilst respecting livelihoods, food security and culture of diverse groups of people. The CPW promotes an integrated understanding of the complex interconnections and mutual dependencies between wildlife and people and works to increase cooperation and coordination on sustainable wildlife management issues among its members and partners. The FAO Forestry Division has served as the secretariat for the CPW since 2013 and is actively engaged in a wide range of the CPW's initiatives as a proactive member of the Partnership.
COVID-19对整个地球的深远影响已经动员了许多呼吁,以防止未来发生类似的大流行。呼吁的范围从倡导永久关闭可能出售野生动物的市场,到禁止所有野生动物的商业用途,再到大力加强所有食品价值链的卫生措施和监测。在这份文件中,可持续野生动物管理合作伙伴关系(CPW)的成员提出了四项指导原则,以帮助从业者和决策者做出切实可行的科学回应。这些原则旨在减少未来源自野生动物的流行病的风险,同时加强野生动物的保护,同时尊重不同人群的生计、粮食安全和文化。CPW促进对野生动物与人类之间复杂的相互联系和相互依赖的综合理解,并致力于加强其成员和合作伙伴之间在可持续野生动物管理问题上的合作与协调。粮农组织林业司自2013年起担任保护野生动物委员会秘书处,并作为伙伴关系的积极成员积极参与保护野生动物委员会的一系列举措。
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引用次数: 5
ND2 as an Additional Genetic Marker to Improve Identification of Diving Ducks Involved in Bird Strikes ND2作为一种额外的遗传标记来提高对参与鸟击的潜水鸭的识别
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/4DC6-AD95
Sarah A. M. Luttrell, S. Drovetski, N. F. Dahlan, Damani Eubanks, C. Dove
Knowing the exact species of birds involved in damaging collisions with aircraft (bird strikes) is paramount to managing and preventing these types of human–wildlife conflicts. While a standard genetic marker, or DNA barcode (mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome-c oxidase 1, or CO1), can reliably identify most avian species, this marker cannot distinguish among some closely related species. Diving ducks within the genus Aythya are an example of congeneric waterfowl involved in bird strikes where several species pairs cannot be reliably identified with the standard DNA barcode. Here, we describe methods for using an additional genetic marker (mitochondrial DNA gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, or ND2) for identification of 9 Aythya spp. Gene-specific phylogenetic trees and genetic distances among taxa reveal that ND2 is more effective than CO1 at genetic identification of diving ducks studied here. Compared with CO1, the ND2 gene tree is more statistically robust, has a minimum of 1.5 times greater genetic distance between sister clades, and resolves paraphyly in 2 clades. While CO1 is effective for identification of most bird strike cases, this study underscores the value of targeted incorporation of additional genetic markers for species identification of taxa that are known to be problematic using standard DNA barcoding.
了解与飞机发生破坏性碰撞(鸟撞)的鸟类的确切种类,对于管理和预防这类人类与野生动物的冲突至关重要。虽然标准遗传标记或DNA条形码(线粒体DNA基因细胞色素-c氧化酶1或CO1)可以可靠地识别大多数鸟类物种,但这种标记不能区分一些密切相关的物种。潜水鸭属的潜水鸭是涉及鸟类撞击的同类水禽的一个例子,其中有几个物种对无法用标准DNA条形码可靠地识别。本文描述了使用另一个遗传标记(线粒体DNA基因NADH脱氢酶亚基2,或ND2)鉴定9种鸭的方法。基因特异性系统发育树和类群之间的遗传距离表明,ND2比CO1更有效地鉴定了所研究的潜水鸭。与CO1相比,ND2基因树的统计稳健性更强,姐妹支系之间的遗传距离至少是CO1的1.5倍,并且在2个支系中分解。虽然CO1对大多数鸟击事件的识别是有效的,但本研究强调了有针对性地结合额外的遗传标记对已知使用标准DNA条形码有问题的分类群的物种识别的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing Best Practices for Aversion Conditioning (Humane Hazing) to Mitigate Human–Coyote Conflicts in Urban Areas 推进厌恶条件反射(人道欺侮)的最佳实践,以减轻城市地区人类与土狼的冲突
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/5CBF-F8F9
Lesley Sampson, Lauren E. Van Patter
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引用次数: 5
The Emerging Conflict of Common Ravens Roosting on Electric Power Transmission Line Towers in Montana, USA 美国蒙大拿州输电铁塔上栖息的普通乌鸦的新冲突
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/8E0E-6B4B
M. Restani, James S. Lueck
: Bird interactions with electric power lines can cause faults (e.g., disruption of electrical service). Faults on 500kV transmission lines in Montana, USA, which are integral to the Northwest USA power grid, became concerning during winter 2016–2017. In 2017 we found insulators contaminated with bird droppings and discovered a large nocturnal roost of common ravens ( Corvus corax ). To assess the potential magnitude of the impact of raven roosts on electric power transmission, we summarized fault data obtained from the Energy Management System and raven abundance data obtained from the Christmas Bird Count in central Montana from 2005 to 2020. We also conducted counts at 7 roosts in the study area in winter 2019–2020. We detected a positive relationship between the number of faults reported and raven abundance. The 3 largest roosts we surveyed peaked at 1,000–1,500 ravens on single evenings. The number of faults reported in winter 2019–2020 decreased after use of silicon-coated insulators, perch deterrents, and periodic washing of insulators. Increased raven populations throughout their range may cause similar conflicts for other electric utilities. Long-term management of ravens will need to integrate approaches at both local and landscape scales.
鸟与电线的相互作用会引起故障(例如,电力服务中断)。美国蒙大拿州500kV输电线路的故障是美国西北部电网的组成部分,在2016-2017年冬季引起了人们的关注。2017年,我们发现了被鸟粪污染的绝缘体,并发现了一个大型的普通乌鸦(Corvus corax)夜间栖息地。为了评估乌鸦栖息地对电力传输的潜在影响程度,我们总结了2005年至2020年蒙大拿州中部地区能源管理系统获得的故障数据和圣诞节鸟类统计获得的乌鸦丰度数据。2019-2020年冬季,我们还对研究区7个栖息地进行了计数。我们发现在报告的故障数量和乌鸦丰度之间存在正相关关系。我们调查的3个最大的巢穴在一个晚上达到了1000 - 1500只乌鸦的峰值。在使用了涂硅绝缘子、防波剂和定期清洗绝缘子后,2019-2020年冬季报告的故障数量有所减少。渡鸦数量的增加可能会对其他电力设施造成类似的冲突。乌鸦的长期管理将需要在地方和景观尺度上整合各种方法。
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引用次数: 8
Stone-Stacking as a Looming Threat to Rock-Dwelling Biodiversity 石头堆积对岩石生物多样性的威胁迫在眉睫
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/SECN-2A27
R. Rocha, P. Borges, P. Cardoso, M. Kusrini, J. L. Martín-Esquivel, D. Menezes, Mário Mota‐Ferreira, S. F. Nunes, I. Órfão, C. Serra-Gonçalves, M. Sim-Sim, P. Sepúlveda, D. Teixeira, A. Traveset
Ricardo Rocha, CIBIO/InBIO-UP, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CEABN-InBIO, Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves,” Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal ricardo.nature@gmail.com Paulo A. V. Borges, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; and Azorean Biodiversity Group (cE3c) and Universidade dos Açores – Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Açores, Portugal Pedro Cardoso, Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Mirza Dikari Kusrini, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University (Institut Pertanian Bogor), Jalan Ulin, Kampus Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia José Luis Martín-Esquivel, National Park of Teide, C. Dr Sixto Perera González, 25. 38300 La Orotava, Canary Islands, Spain Dília Menezes, Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP-RAM, 9064-512 Funchal, Portugal Mário Mota-Ferreira, CIBIO/InBIO-UP, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CEABN-InBIO, Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves,” Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal Sara F. Nunes, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; and Global Change and Conservation Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland Inês Órfão, CFCUL – Centro de Filosofia Das Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749016 Lisbon, Portugal Catarina Serra-Gonçalves, University of Tasmania, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, School Road, Newnham, Tasmania 7250, Australia Manuela Sim-Sim, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; and MUHNAC Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal Pedro Sepúlveda, DROTA Direção Regional do Ordenamento do Território e Ambiente, Rua Dr. Pestana Júnior, 9064-506 Funchal, Portugal Dinarte Teixeira, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, IP
Ricardo Rocha, CIBIO/InBIO-UP,波尔图大学生物多样性和遗传资源研究中心,Rua Padre Armando quinas, 4485-661 vair,葡萄牙;CEABN-InBIO,应用生态中心“Baeta Neves教授”,里斯本大学农学研究所,葡萄牙里斯本,1349-017;里斯本大学理学院生态、进化与环境变化研究中心,葡萄牙里斯本,1749-016 ricardo.nature@gmail.com里斯本大学理学院生态、进化与环境变化研究中心,葡萄牙里斯本,1749-016;和亚速尔生物多样性小组(cE3c)和阿帕拉多尔斯大学农业与环境学院,Rua capitap o jo od ' Ávila, o Pedro, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira,阿帕拉多尔斯,葡萄牙,赫尔辛基,赫尔辛基,芬兰,赫尔辛基大学,芬兰自然历史博物馆,综合生物多样性研究实验室(LIBRe), Mirza Dikari Kusrini, IPB大学(Pertanian Bogor研究所),Jalan Ulin, Kampus Darmaga,茂物16680,印度尼西亚josore Luis Martín-Esquivel,泰德国家公园,C. Sixto Perera博士González, 25岁。38300西班牙加那利群岛拉奥罗塔瓦Dília Florestas和自然保护研究所Menezes, IP-RAM, 9064-512 Funchal,葡萄牙Mário波尔图大学生物多样性和遗传资源研究中心Mota-Ferreira, CIBIO/InBIO-UP, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 vair,葡萄牙;CEABN-InBIO,应用生态中心“Baeta Neves教授”,里斯本大学农学研究所,Tapada da adjuda, 1349-017葡萄牙里斯本赫尔辛基大学全球变化与保护生物与环境科学学院,芬兰赫尔辛基Viikinkaari 100014邮政信箱65号Inês Órfão,中欧中欧-菲洛索亚中心Ciências里斯本大学;Catarina serra - gonalalves,塔斯马尼亚大学海洋与南极研究所,纽纳姆学校路,塔斯马尼亚7250,葡萄牙;Manuela Sim-Sim,里斯本大学理学院生态、进化与环境变化中心,里斯本,1749-016;葡萄牙里斯本大学国立自然博物馆História自然博物馆Ciência, politescola大道,58号,1250-102里斯本,葡萄牙佩德罗Sepúlveda, DROTA地区行政条例主管部门Território e Ambiente, Rua Dr. pesstana Júnior, 9064-506丰沙尔,葡萄牙马德拉大学生命科学学院,9020-105丰沙尔;赫尔辛基大学芬兰自然历史博物馆生物多样性综合研究实验室,赫尔辛基,芬兰;Anna Traveset,地中海高等研究所,IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), c/ Miquel marques21, Esporles07190,西班牙巴利阿里群岛马略卡岛
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引用次数: 1
New Associate Editors 新副编辑
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26077/GFD6-Y169
T. Messmer
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Human–Wildlife Interactions
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