Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.17221/22/2022-hortsci
M. Sütyemez, A. Özcan, Ş. Bükücü
One of the main objectives of walnut crossbreeding programmes is to produce cultivars with late leafing dates. Sixteen years ago, a walnut crossbreeding programme was initiated by Prof. Mehmet Sütyemez, and now a new walnut genotype, namely ‘Ahir Nut’, has been generated with a leafing date that starts later than all commercially-famous walnut cultivars in the world. The present study describes this walnut genotype. For a detailed analysis, ‘Ahir Nut’ was compared with two French-origin walnut cultivars, i.e., ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’, which have had the latest leafing dates until now. In an experimental orchard in Turkey, the leafing date in ‘Ahir Nut’ was 14 May, whereas the leafing date in ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ were 23 April and 25 April, respectively. This approximately 3-week difference between ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ to ‘Ahir Nut’ reveals how valuable this genotype is for walnut breeding studies. The harvest dates for ‘Ahir Nut’, ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ were 4 October, 3 October, and 7 October, respectively. The defoliation date for ‘Ahir Nut’ was 4 December. The nut weight and kernel percentage of ‘Ahir Nut’ were calculated as 11.61 g and 49.84%, respectively. Remarkable phenological traits were found in ‘Ahir Nut’, making it a promising option for future walnut cultivation. In the present study, the late leafing date of ‘Ahir Nut’ prompted further research into the molecular and walnut crossbreeding potentials. This new genotype has been conserved as an important genetic resource for future walnut breeding programmes around the world.
核桃杂交计划的主要目标之一是生产出叶期较晚的品种。16年前，教授发起了一项核桃杂交计划。Mehmet Sütyemez，现在又产生了一种新的核桃基因型，即“Ahir Nut”，其出叶日期比世界上所有商业上著名的核桃品种都晚。本研究描述了这种核桃基因型。为了进行详细分析，将“Ahir Nut”与两个原产于法国的核桃品种，即“Franquette”和“Ronde de Montignac”进行了比较，这两个品种迄今为止的落叶日期最晚。在土耳其的一个实验果园中，“Ahir Nut”的落叶日期为5月14日，而“Franquette”和“Ronde de Montignac”的落叶时间分别为4月23日和4月25日。“Franquette”和“Ronde de Montignac”与“Ahir Nut”之间大约3周的差异揭示了这种基因型对核桃育种研究的价值。“Ahir Nut”、“Franquette”和“Ronde de Montignac”的收获日期分别为10月4日、10月3日和10月7日。“Ahir Nut”的落叶日期为12月4日。“Ahir nut”的坚果重量和果仁百分比分别为11.61g和49.84%。在‘阿希尔坚果’中发现了显著的酚性特征，使其成为未来核桃栽培的一个很有前途的选择。在本研究中，‘阿希尔坚果’的晚叶期促使人们进一步研究其分子杂交和核桃杂交潜力。这一新基因型已被保存为世界各地未来核桃育种计划的重要遗传资源。
{"title":"A superior genetic source for late leafing in walnut ‘Ahir Nut’","authors":"M. Sütyemez, A. Özcan, Ş. Bükücü","doi":"10.17221/22/2022-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/22/2022-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main objectives of walnut crossbreeding programmes is to produce cultivars with late leafing dates. Sixteen years ago, a walnut crossbreeding programme was initiated by Prof. Mehmet Sütyemez, and now a new walnut genotype, namely ‘Ahir Nut’, has been generated with a leafing date that starts later than all commercially-famous walnut cultivars in the world. The present study describes this walnut genotype. For a detailed analysis, ‘Ahir Nut’ was compared with two French-origin walnut cultivars, i.e., ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’, which have had the latest leafing dates until now. In an experimental orchard in Turkey, the leafing date in ‘Ahir Nut’ was 14 May, whereas the leafing date in ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ were 23 April and 25 April, respectively. This approximately 3-week difference between ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ to ‘Ahir Nut’ reveals how valuable this genotype is for walnut breeding studies. The harvest dates for ‘Ahir Nut’, ‘Franquette’ and ‘Ronde de Montignac’ were 4 October, 3 October, and 7 October, respectively. The defoliation date for ‘Ahir Nut’ was 4 December. The nut weight and kernel percentage of ‘Ahir Nut’ were calculated as 11.61 g and 49.84%, respectively. Remarkable phenological traits were found in ‘Ahir Nut’, making it a promising option for future walnut cultivation. In the present study, the late leafing date of ‘Ahir Nut’ prompted further research into the molecular and walnut crossbreeding potentials. This new genotype has been conserved as an important genetic resource for future walnut breeding programmes around the world.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49586859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.17221/27/2022-hortsci
V. Avdiu, B. Dragusha, Egzona Hajra, G. Hodolli
Producing high-quality daughter plants of the June-bearing strawberry is very important for fruit production around the year. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of different substrates on the runner production of the June-bearing strawberry cultivar ‘Senga Sengana’. In April 2019, strawberry mother plants were planted while the daughter plants were examined November 2019. The nursery trial field was separated into four substrate treatments, each included ten strawberry mother plants, approximately homogeneous. The place where the mother plants were planted was with the same substrate (PTS substrate “Pindstrup”) and separated from the field for the rooting of the daughter plants. In the field for the rooting of the daughter plants, four types of substrates were used: The first substrate treatment (S1) (soil 50% – decomposed manure 50%); the second substrate treatment (S2) (PTS substrate “Pindstrup” with modules (pots) with a volume of 200 mL/daughter plant); the third substrate treatment S3 (river sand 50% – soil 50%); lastly, substrate treatment four S4 (sawdust 100%). During the research, several parameters were determined for the mother plants: the crown diameter, number of flowers, number of runners per plant, number of daughter plants per runner and number of daughter plants per plant. The examination of some of the qualitative parameters was also performed on the daughter plants: the crown diameter, root length and number of roots. Based on these parameters, the daughter plants were categorised according to the standards: A++, A+, A, A–, OS (out of the standard). From the examined results, it was concluded that S3 formed the largest number of daughter plants at 123 (A++ 19.1, A+ 45.1, A 28.7, A– 17.8, OS 12.3 plants); S2 formed 69.4 daughter plants, but with the highest standards (A++ 34.7, A+ 33.6, A– 1.1 plants); S4 formed 74.8 daughter plants (A++ 26.2, A+ 30.4, A 14 OS 4.2 plants), while S1 formed 62 daughter plants and showed the worst results for both the number of plants and the standard (A+ 7, A 3.8, A– 0.8, OS 50.4 plants).
生产六月结草莓的优质子株对全年的水果生产非常重要。本研究旨在研究不同基质对六月草莓品种“Senga Sengana”转轮产量的影响。2019年4月，种植了草莓母株，而子株于2019年11月进行了检查。苗圃试验田分为四个基质处理，每个基质处理包括十株草莓母株，大致均匀。种植母株的地方使用相同的基质（PTS基质“Pindstrup”），并与田地分离，以使子株生根。在子植物生根的田地里，使用了四种类型的基质：第一种基质处理（S1）（土壤50%-腐熟肥料50%）；第二次基质处理（S2）（PTS基质“Pindstrup”，具有体积为200mL/子植物的模块（盆））；第三基质处理S3（河沙50%～土壤50%）；最后，基质处理4个S4（木屑100%）。在研究过程中，为母株确定了几个参数：冠径、花数、单株转轮数、单株子株数和单株子株数量。还对子植物的一些定性参数进行了检查：冠径、根长和根数。根据这些参数，根据标准对子植物进行分类：A++、A+、A、A-、OS（不符合标准）。根据检测结果，S3在123株（A++19.1，A+45.1，A28.7，A-17.8，OS12.3株）形成了数量最多的子植物；S2形成69.4个子株，但标准最高（A++34.7，A+33.6，A-1.1株）；S4形成74.8个子株（A++26.2，A+30.4，A14 OS 4.2株），而S1形成62个子株，在植物数量和标准方面都表现出最差的结果（A+7，A 3.8，A–0.8，OS 50.4株）。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.17221/100/2021-hortsci
R. Andrzejak, B. Janowska
Due to changes in the climate and the existence of a wide range of Asparagus officinalis L. cultivars, it is necessary to identify their suitability for cultivation in Poland and investigate their susceptibility to infection by the most common pathogens. The identification of the species composition of fungi of the Fusarium genus found in green spears of edible A. officinalis cultivars and the factors contributing to their occurrence will enable the effective protection of these crops. The study was conducted on seven A. officinalis cultivars bred in different countries, which were dioecious cultivars with male and female specimens: ‘Ariane’ (Germany), ‘Cipres’ (France), ‘Eposs’ (Germany), as well as cultivars with male specimens only: ‘Andreas’ (France), ‘Gynlim’, ‘Grolim’ (Netherlands), and ‘Hannibal’ (Germany). The analysis of the composition of the fungi isolated from the green A. officinalis spears showed that most of the isolates belonged to the Fusarium genus (F. culmorum Wm.G. Sm., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. oxysporum Schltdl., F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., and F. fujikuroi Nirenberg). Other fungal species (Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Stemphylium) were rarely isolated. The majority of the Fusarium genus isolates came from the spears of the ‘Ariane’ and ‘Eposs’ cultivars showing disease symptoms and from the spears of the ‘Grolim’ cultivar without showing disease symptoms. The fungi of the Fusarium genus colonised both the spears with and without disease symptoms, but there were always more isolates on the ones with disease symptoms. Fungi of the Fusarium genus occurred more often in the epidermis than in the parenchyma. F. oxysporum was the dominant fungus in the A. officinalis spears under analysis. The number of fungi isolates of the Fusarium genus collected from the green A. officinalis spears tended to increase at the consecutive harvest dates, which means that the spears harvested at the latest date (late June) were the most heavily colonised by fungi. All of the fungi isolates of the Fusarium genus collected from the spears exhibited pathogenicity against A. officinalis plants.
由于波兰气候的变化和芦笋品种的广泛存在，有必要确定其是否适合在波兰种植，并调查其对最常见病原体感染的易感性。通过对可食铁皮麻品种绿矛中镰刀菌属真菌种类组成及其发生因素的研究，为有效保护铁皮麻品种提供依据。本研究选取了7个产自不同国家的柽柳品种，其中既有雄性也有雌性的雌雄异株品种:“Ariane”(德国)、“Cipres”(法国)、“Eposs”(德国)，也有只有雄性的品种:“Andreas”(法国)、“gyynlim”、“Grolim”(荷兰)和“Hannibal”(德国)。对从绿铁皮矛中分离得到的真菌成分进行了分析，结果表明大部分分离菌株属于镰刀菌属(F. culmorum Wm.G)。Sm。， F. (Corda) Sacc。， F.尖孢菌。， F. proliferatum(松本)尼伦伯格前格拉赫和尼伦伯格，F. solani (Mart.)Sacc。F. fujikuroi Nirenberg)。其他真菌种类(交替孢菌、葡萄孢菌、枝孢菌、青霉菌和茎孢菌)很少分离。大多数镰刀菌属分离株来自表现出疾病症状的‘Ariane’和‘Eposs’品种的矛，而来自没有表现出疾病症状的‘Grolim’品种的矛。镰刀菌属真菌在有和无疾病症状的矛上都有定殖，但在有疾病症状的矛上总是有更多的分离株。镰刀菌属真菌多发生在表皮而不是薄壁组织中。分析结果表明，尖孢镰刀菌是铁皮石斛的优势真菌。在连续的采收期，从青刺上采集到的镰刀菌属真菌分离物的数量有增加的趋势，这意味着在最晚的采收期(6月下旬)收获的矛被真菌侵染最多。所有从矛中分离的镰刀菌属真菌均表现出对officinalis植物的致病性。
{"title":"The occurrence of Fusarium spp. in green Asparagus officinalis L. spears","authors":"R. Andrzejak, B. Janowska","doi":"10.17221/100/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/100/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Due to changes in the climate and the existence of a wide range of Asparagus officinalis L. cultivars, it is necessary to identify their suitability for cultivation in Poland and investigate their susceptibility to infection by the most common pathogens. The identification of the species composition of fungi of the Fusarium genus found in green spears of edible A. officinalis cultivars and the factors contributing to their occurrence will enable the effective protection of these crops. The study was conducted on seven A. officinalis cultivars bred in different countries, which were dioecious cultivars with male and female specimens: ‘Ariane’ (Germany), ‘Cipres’ (France), ‘Eposs’ (Germany), as well as cultivars with male specimens only: ‘Andreas’ (France), ‘Gynlim’, ‘Grolim’ (Netherlands), and ‘Hannibal’ (Germany). The analysis of the composition of the fungi isolated from the green A. officinalis spears showed that most of the isolates belonged to the Fusarium genus (F. culmorum Wm.G. Sm., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. oxysporum Schltdl., F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., and F. fujikuroi Nirenberg). Other fungal species (Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Stemphylium) were rarely isolated. The majority of the Fusarium genus isolates came from the spears of the ‘Ariane’ and ‘Eposs’ cultivars showing disease symptoms and from the spears of the ‘Grolim’ cultivar without showing disease symptoms. The fungi of the Fusarium genus colonised both the spears with and without disease symptoms, but there were always more isolates on the ones with disease symptoms. Fungi of the Fusarium genus occurred more often in the epidermis than in the parenchyma. F. oxysporum was the dominant fungus in the A. officinalis spears under analysis. The number of fungi isolates of the Fusarium genus collected from the green A. officinalis spears tended to increase at the consecutive harvest dates, which means that the spears harvested at the latest date (late June) were the most heavily colonised by fungi. All of the fungi isolates of the Fusarium genus collected from the spears exhibited pathogenicity against A. officinalis plants.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44601335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.17221/61/2021-hortsci
N. Lu, Limin Wu, Chaohui Zhang, C. Shan
Previous studies indicated that the antioxidant and water balance capacity played important roles in improving the vase life of cut flowers. As a trace element, selenium (Se) has been proven to play an important role in extending the vase life of lily cut flowers. However, there is still no report on the effects of Se on the vase life of other cut flowers. In this study, we explored the role of inorganic selenium, named sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), in improving the vase life of Eustoma grandiflorum cut flowers. Compared with the control (distilled water) and the other Na2SeO3 concentrations, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde content and the electrolyte leakage. Meanwhile, compared with the control and the other of Na2SeO3 concentrations, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the soluble sugar, proline and soluble protein contents, relative water content, average fresh weight change rate and average water balance value. The above results imply that Na2SeO3 showed an important role in strengthening the antioxidant capacity and maintaining the water balance. Besides, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the flower diameter and the vase life. The above findings suggested that Na2SeO3 extended the vase life and the ornamental value of E. grandiflorum cut flowers by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and water balance, which provides new knowledge for the application of Na2SeO3 in improving the fresh keeping of E. grandiflorum cut flowers.
{"title":"Sodium selenite improves the vase life of Eustoma grandiflorum cut flowers","authors":"N. Lu, Limin Wu, Chaohui Zhang, C. Shan","doi":"10.17221/61/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies indicated that the antioxidant and water balance capacity played important roles in improving the vase life of cut flowers. As a trace element, selenium (Se) has been proven to play an important role in extending the vase life of lily cut flowers. However, there is still no report on the effects of Se on the vase life of other cut flowers. In this study, we explored the role of inorganic selenium, named sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), in improving the vase life of Eustoma grandiflorum cut flowers. Compared with the control (distilled water) and the other Na2SeO3 concentrations, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde content and the electrolyte leakage. Meanwhile, compared with the control and the other of Na2SeO3 concentrations, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the soluble sugar, proline and soluble protein contents, relative water content, average fresh weight change rate and average water balance value. The above results imply that Na2SeO3 showed an important role in strengthening the antioxidant capacity and maintaining the water balance. Besides, 4.0 mg/L Na2SeO3 significantly increased the flower diameter and the vase life. The above findings suggested that Na2SeO3 extended the vase life and the ornamental value of E. grandiflorum cut flowers by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and water balance, which provides new knowledge for the application of Na2SeO3 in improving the fresh keeping of E. grandiflorum cut flowers.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Paunović, Đurađ Hajder, A. Korićanac, B. Pašalić, I. Glišić, T. Jovanović-Cvetković, M. Cvetkovic
The introduction of new varieties in fruit production should consider consumer attitudes regarding the appearance and taste of the fruits. In order to evaluate the consumer attitudes in Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H), on the most important characteristics of cherry fruits, an online survey was conducted with 402 respondents. Participation in the survey was taken by 53.23% of respondents from Serbia and 46.77% from B&H, most of which were women (54.23%). Consumers expressed their views on the most important external (fruit colour, fruit shape, fruit size, presence of a stalk on the fruit, length of the stalk and the presence of damage to the fruit) and internal (fruit taste, fruit firmness) characteristics of the fruit. According to the results, the attitude toward the fruit size, the presence of a stalk and the stalk length, as well as fruit firmness was dependent upon respondents’ residence. Both male and female respondents had similar attitudes toward the cherry characteristics except for the fruit taste and the most important cherry characteristics. The age of a respondent influenced the attitude toward the fruit size and the presence of a stalk, as well as the fruit firmness.
{"title":"Preferences in sweet cherry fruits among consumers in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina ","authors":"G. Paunović, Đurađ Hajder, A. Korićanac, B. Pašalić, I. Glišić, T. Jovanović-Cvetković, M. Cvetkovic","doi":"10.17221/8/2022-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/8/2022-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of new varieties in fruit production should consider consumer attitudes regarding the appearance and taste of the fruits. In order to evaluate the consumer attitudes in Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H), on the most important characteristics of cherry fruits, an online survey was conducted with 402 respondents. Participation in the survey was taken by 53.23% of respondents from Serbia and 46.77% from B&H, most of which were women (54.23%). Consumers expressed their views on the most important external (fruit colour, fruit shape, fruit size, presence of a stalk on the fruit, length of the stalk and the presence of damage to the fruit) and internal (fruit taste, fruit firmness) characteristics of the fruit. According to the results, the attitude toward the fruit size, the presence of a stalk and the stalk length, as well as fruit firmness was dependent upon respondents’ residence. Both male and female respondents had similar attitudes toward the cherry characteristics except for the fruit taste and the most important cherry characteristics. The age of a respondent influenced the attitude toward the fruit size and the presence of a stalk, as well as the fruit firmness.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46983412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.17221/108/2021-hortsci
Pengming Yang, Songtao He
Many studies have demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and deficit irrigation (DI) have positive effects on the fruit yield or quality. This study aims to test whether the watermelon sugar content and yield can be improved by appropriate amounts of AMF and DI methods and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. Diploid and triploid watermelon cultivars and their pumpkin rootstock-grafted seedlings were treated with AMF, DI and DI + AMF in a randomised complete block design with five replications. The results showed that DI significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), PN, alkaline α-galactosidase activity, but increased the insoluble acid invertase (IAI), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities compared with the well-watered (WW) treatment, which led to a decrease in the fruit yield and an increase in the fruit sugar content. Although the AMF improved the RWC, PN and alkaline α-galactosidase, IAI, SuSy and SPS activities in all the watermelon lines under both the DI and WW conditions, the improvement magnitude of these parameters was more pronounced in the pumpkin-root watermelon lines than the corresponding own-root watermelon lines, especially under the DI condition. The integrated application of AMF and DI increased the fruit yield to a level similar to the WW value in the pumpkin-root watermelon lines and sugar content to an optimal level in all the watermelon lines.
{"title":"The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and deficit irrigation on the yield and sugar content of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus)","authors":"Pengming Yang, Songtao He","doi":"10.17221/108/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/108/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and deficit irrigation (DI) have positive effects on the fruit yield or quality. This study aims to test whether the watermelon sugar content and yield can be improved by appropriate amounts of AMF and DI methods and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. Diploid and triploid watermelon cultivars and their pumpkin rootstock-grafted seedlings were treated with AMF, DI and DI + AMF in a randomised complete block design with five replications. The results showed that DI significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), PN, alkaline α-galactosidase activity, but increased the insoluble acid invertase (IAI), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities compared with the well-watered (WW) treatment, which led to a decrease in the fruit yield and an increase in the fruit sugar content. Although the AMF improved the RWC, PN and alkaline α-galactosidase, IAI, SuSy and SPS activities in all the watermelon lines under both the DI and WW conditions, the improvement magnitude of these parameters was more pronounced in the pumpkin-root watermelon lines than the corresponding own-root watermelon lines, especially under the DI condition. The integrated application of AMF and DI increased the fruit yield to a level similar to the WW value in the pumpkin-root watermelon lines and sugar content to an optimal level in all the watermelon lines. ","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17221/70/2021-hortsci
J. Blažek, L. Zelený, Pavel Suran
This review contains 208 citation items from 31 countries in total. The highest number of citations come from Spain (34) then from the USA (23), Italy (18) and China (16). Only one citation comes from Denmark, Georgia, Macedonia, and New Zealand. They are all included into 16 topics arranged in alphabetical order. The results or conclusions of each study are briefly described and arranged according to the year of the publication and alphabetical order of the authors. The most important topic was the physiological research containing 40 citations and then the evaluation of cultivars containing 33 citations. From the years of the review, the most important was 2017 with 122 items, whereas the least prolific year was 2015 containing only 35 items.
{"title":"Sweet cherry research world overview 2015–2017","authors":"J. Blažek, L. Zelený, Pavel Suran","doi":"10.17221/70/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/70/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"This review contains 208 citation items from 31 countries in total. The highest number of citations come from Spain (34) then from the USA (23), Italy (18) and China (16). Only one citation comes from Denmark, Georgia, Macedonia, and New Zealand. They are all included into 16 topics arranged in alphabetical order. The results or conclusions of each study are briefly described and arranged according to the year of the publication and alphabetical order of the authors. The most important topic was the physiological research containing 40 citations and then the evaluation of cultivars containing 33 citations. From the years of the review, the most important was 2017 with 122 items, whereas the least prolific year was 2015 containing only 35 items.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49128928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17221/19/2021-hortsci
N. Vrchotová, J. Tříska, R. Střálková, Štěpán Horník, J. Sýkora, J. Balík, I. Soural, Lukáš Toupal, R. Sotolář
The main objective was to study the effect of sample preparation on the content of trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin and trans-δ-viniferin in young spring grapevine canes. The samples of six varieties of Vitis vinifera L. (‘Hibernal’, ‘Malverina’, ‘Kolor’, ‘Fioletovij Augustovskij’, ‘Grüner Veltliner’ and ‘Blaufränkisch’) were either lyophilised or slow dried at room temperature (three months), extracted and analysed by HPLC using DAD and FLD detectors and by LC-MS. The presence of trans-δ-viniferin was confirmed by comparison with trans-δ-viniferin prepared by dimerization of trans-resveratrol using laccase and its structure was verified by LC-NMR. The slow drying of the samples at room temperature enables the synthesis of a significant amount of stilbenes in all the studied varieties of V. vinifera canes resulting in a higher stilbene content compared to the lyophilised samples. The results of this study show the importance of the method of drying the cane sample before the extraction and analysis.
{"title":"Content of trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin and trans-δ-viniferin in young spring grapevine canes – the influence of samples drying","authors":"N. Vrchotová, J. Tříska, R. Střálková, Štěpán Horník, J. Sýkora, J. Balík, I. Soural, Lukáš Toupal, R. Sotolář","doi":"10.17221/19/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/19/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective was to study the effect of sample preparation on the content of trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin and trans-δ-viniferin in young spring grapevine canes. The samples of six varieties of Vitis vinifera L. (‘Hibernal’, ‘Malverina’, ‘Kolor’, ‘Fioletovij Augustovskij’, ‘Grüner Veltliner’ and ‘Blaufränkisch’) were either lyophilised or slow dried at room temperature (three months), extracted and analysed by HPLC using DAD and FLD detectors and by LC-MS. The presence of trans-δ-viniferin was confirmed by comparison with trans-δ-viniferin prepared by dimerization of trans-resveratrol using laccase and its structure was verified by LC-NMR. The slow drying of the samples at room temperature enables the synthesis of a significant amount of stilbenes in all the studied varieties of V. vinifera canes resulting in a higher stilbene content compared to the lyophilised samples. The results of this study show the importance of the method of drying the cane sample before the extraction and analysis.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.17221/23/2021-hortsci
Zhenping Wang, Kangqi Geng, Yanxia Zhang, Dangui Lv, Dongmei Li
The eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia belongs to the semiarid area and has been identified as the best wine grape producing area in China. In order to solve the problems of a high sugar content, organic acid falling too fast and severe shortage of acidity in the berries during ripening, which lead to lack of wine harmony, this study took Vitis. vinifera L. cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ as the experimental material and expanded nine treatments from setting to harvest. Nine rows were selected and divided into three groups, treated with mild (–0.20 MPa ≥ Ψb ≥ –0.40 MPa), moderate (–0.40 MPa ≥ Ψb ≥ –0.60 MPa), severe (Ψb ≥ –0.60 MPa) water stress from setting to veraison separately. From veraison to harvest, within each group, the mild, moderate, severe water stress were set, forming light-light (CK), light-medium (T1), light-heavy (T2), medium-light (T3), medium-medium (T4), medium-heavy (T5), heavy-light (T6), heavy-medium (T7), heavy-heavy (T8) treatments. The results showed that when the medium treatment was used from setting to veraison and the medium or severe treatment was used during post-veraison to harvest, it would facilitate the transportation and accumulation of sugar and improve the fruit quality.
{"title":"Effects of water stress on the sugar accumulation and organic acid changes in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries","authors":"Zhenping Wang, Kangqi Geng, Yanxia Zhang, Dangui Lv, Dongmei Li","doi":"10.17221/23/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/23/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia belongs to the semiarid area and has been identified as the best wine grape producing area in China. In order to solve the problems of a high sugar content, organic acid falling too fast and severe shortage of acidity in the berries during ripening, which lead to lack of wine harmony, this study took Vitis. vinifera L. cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ as the experimental material and expanded nine treatments from setting to harvest. Nine rows were selected and divided into three groups, treated with mild (–0.20 MPa ≥ Ψb ≥ –0.40 MPa), moderate (–0.40 MPa ≥ Ψb ≥ –0.60 MPa), severe (Ψb ≥ –0.60 MPa) water stress from setting to veraison separately. From veraison to harvest, within each group, the mild, moderate, severe water stress were set, forming light-light (CK), light-medium (T1), light-heavy (T2), medium-light (T3), medium-medium (T4), medium-heavy (T5), heavy-light (T6), heavy-medium (T7), heavy-heavy (T8) treatments. The results showed that when the medium treatment was used from setting to veraison and the medium or severe treatment was used during post-veraison to harvest, it would facilitate the transportation and accumulation of sugar and improve the fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.17221/103/2021-hortsci
Sanna Abdessemd, Ahmed Fellak, A. Abdessemed, Awais Khan
Apples (Malus domestica) are one of the most important temperate fruit crops in the world. Apple production provides, directly or indirectly, employment and improvement in the living standards to millions of people, playing a key role in rural economies. We have conducted an interview-based survey to assess the current status and challenges faced by apple production in the Batna and Khenchela provinces, the two most important apple producing regions of Eastern Algeria. The survey was conducted between March and November 2019. A total of 50 apple growers answered 40 questions, including 13 direct and 20 qualitative questions. A scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) was used as a quantitative measurement for 12 questions. The reliability index of the questionnaire was 0.827. The results identified the main challenges faced by apple growers in Eastern Algeria as: limited access to certified and clean planting material, limited knowledge of disease and pest identification, inadequate access to appropriate disease management, lack of storage facilities and transportation of harvested fruit, and insufficient knowledge of marketing and access to markets. The study also identified a need for the development of cost-effective plant multiplication, horticultural and disease management practices and educational programmes suitable for local conditions to enhance the productivity and economic benefits of apple orchards.
{"title":"Status, challenges and opportunities for apple production in Eastern Algeria","authors":"Sanna Abdessemd, Ahmed Fellak, A. Abdessemed, Awais Khan","doi":"10.17221/103/2021-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/103/2021-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Apples (Malus domestica) are one of the most important temperate fruit crops in the world. Apple production provides, directly or indirectly, employment and improvement in the living standards to millions of people, playing a key role in rural economies. We have conducted an interview-based survey to assess the current status and challenges faced by apple production in the Batna and Khenchela provinces, the two most important apple producing regions of Eastern Algeria. The survey was conducted between March and November 2019. A total of 50 apple growers answered 40 questions, including 13 direct and 20 qualitative questions. A scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) was used as a quantitative measurement for 12 questions. The reliability index of the questionnaire was 0.827. The results identified the main challenges faced by apple growers in Eastern Algeria as: limited access to certified and clean planting material, limited knowledge of disease and pest identification, inadequate access to appropriate disease management, lack of storage facilities and transportation of harvested fruit, and insufficient knowledge of marketing and access to markets. The study also identified a need for the development of cost-effective plant multiplication, horticultural and disease management practices and educational programmes suitable for local conditions to enhance the productivity and economic benefits of apple orchards.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44126750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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