Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.17221/90/2020-hortsci
O. Rubtsova, O. Kolesnichenko, M. Shumyk, O. Shynder, Valentina Chyzhankova, A. Dzyba, S. Hrysiuk
The article presents the results of the evaluation of eleven Scots rose cultivars in the northern part of Ukraine due to its severe winter conditions. A range of variations regarding the bloom colour, bloom size, bloom type, flowering incidence, plant size was noticed. The evaluation showed the decorative value and considerable frost resistance of the varieties ‘Double White’, ‘Dunwich Rose’, ‘Frühlingsduft’, ‘Frühlingsgold’, ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, ‘Karl Forster’, ‘Mon Amie Claire’, ‘Red Nelly’, ‘Stanwell Perpetual’, ‘Suzanne’, and ‘William III’. The varieties studied can be used for decorative purposes in urban landscapes in the northern part of Ukraine.
{"title":"Scots roses in Northern Ukraine","authors":"O. Rubtsova, O. Kolesnichenko, M. Shumyk, O. Shynder, Valentina Chyzhankova, A. Dzyba, S. Hrysiuk","doi":"10.17221/90/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/90/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the evaluation of eleven Scots rose cultivars in the northern part of Ukraine due to its severe winter conditions. A range of variations regarding the bloom colour, bloom size, bloom type, flowering incidence, plant size was noticed. The evaluation showed the decorative value and considerable frost resistance of the varieties ‘Double White’, ‘Dunwich Rose’, ‘Frühlingsduft’, ‘Frühlingsgold’, ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, ‘Karl Forster’, ‘Mon Amie Claire’, ‘Red Nelly’, ‘Stanwell Perpetual’, ‘Suzanne’, and ‘William III’. The varieties studied can be used for decorative purposes in urban landscapes in the northern part of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43305039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.17221/28/2020-HORTSCI
A. Kapczyńska, B. Stodolak
: The wild grasses are of increasing interest among landscape architects. The appropriate plant selection is crucial for the subsequent survival and growth of plants in grassy gardens. The aim of the experiment was to assess the influence of seed age (1–3-year old seeds) on the germination of three Stipeae species: Eriocoma occidentalis subsp. californica , Stipa pulcherrima and Hesperostipa curtiseta . The seed weight and germination percentage showed a decline over a period of seed storage. There was 31–84% (depending on species) loss in germinability of 3-year old seeds in comparison to 1-year old seeds. After germination, plants were repotted and treated with Osmocote (a slow-release fertiliser, N15 + P10 + K12). The results indicated that fertilisation significantly increased the number of roots, stems, leaf length, leaf dry weight, chlorophylls and proline content. None of the tested species flowered in the year of sowing but in the next growing season. Plants fertilised in the previous year formed more and of better quality inflorescence stems.
野草越来越引起景观设计师的兴趣。适当的植物选择对草地植物的后续生存和生长至关重要。本试验旨在探讨种子年龄(1 ~ 3年)对三种Stipeae物种(Eriocoma occidentalis subsp.)萌发的影响。加州刺针虫、pulcherrima刺针虫和日本刺针虫。种子质量和发芽率随种子存放时间的延长而下降。与1年生种子相比，3年生种子的发芽能力下降了31-84%(取决于物种)。发芽后，植株被报道并用Osmocote(一种缓释肥料，N15 + P10 + K12)处理。结果表明，施肥显著增加了根数、茎数、叶长、叶干重、叶绿素和脯氨酸含量。所有被试品种都没有在播种当年开花，而是在下一个生长季节开花。前一年受精的植株形成了更多质量更好的花序茎。
{"title":"Generative propagation and fertilisation of Stipeae species – wild grasses with ornamental potential","authors":"A. Kapczyńska, B. Stodolak","doi":"10.17221/28/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/28/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":": The wild grasses are of increasing interest among landscape architects. The appropriate plant selection is crucial for the subsequent survival and growth of plants in grassy gardens. The aim of the experiment was to assess the influence of seed age (1–3-year old seeds) on the germination of three Stipeae species: Eriocoma occidentalis subsp. californica , Stipa pulcherrima and Hesperostipa curtiseta . The seed weight and germination percentage showed a decline over a period of seed storage. There was 31–84% (depending on species) loss in germinability of 3-year old seeds in comparison to 1-year old seeds. After germination, plants were repotted and treated with Osmocote (a slow-release fertiliser, N15 + P10 + K12). The results indicated that fertilisation significantly increased the number of roots, stems, leaf length, leaf dry weight, chlorophylls and proline content. None of the tested species flowered in the year of sowing but in the next growing season. Plants fertilised in the previous year formed more and of better quality inflorescence stems.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47067228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.17221/119/2020-HORTSCI
S. Głuszek, L. Sas-Paszt, E. Derkowska, B. Sumorok, M. Sitarek
biofertilizers dynamics 48: Abstract: The experiment was established in the Pomological Orchard of The National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice in a system of randomized blocks. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the impact of innovative organic fertilizers: BioIlsa, BioFeed Ecomix, biostimulator Ausma and mycorrhizal inoculum Mykoflor on the fine roots growth characteristics of ‘Vanda’ sweet cherry trees in comparison with NPK mineral fertilization. The experiment involved five combinations, in three repetitions of three trees each, treated with tested preparations. The study assessed the influence of fertilization on the lifespan of the roots, the depth of their formation, their diameter and survivorship using minirhizotron camera. The highest numbers of roots were found in the treatment where the plants were fertilized with NPK and the lowest following the use of the biofertilizer BioFeed Ecomix. The longest lifespan was shown by the roots of the trees treated with BioFeed Ecomix – 347 days, and the shortest – by those fertilized with the Ausma – 225 days. The lifespan of the roots increased with their diameter. The roots that lived the longest had a diameter in the range from 0.9 to 1.0 mm – 568 days, and the shortest-living were the roots with a diameter smaller than 0.3 mm – 238 days. The roots that formed in late autumn and winter had the shortest median lifespan of 159 days, while the roots formed in the spring where characterized by the longest lifespan of 300 days. The lifespan of the roots formed close to the soil surface was the shortest – 225 days, while that of the roots formed at a depth of 10 to 20 cm was the longest – 326 days. Biological origin, organic nitrogen rich fertilizers positively influence on fine roots lifespan and longevity. Mineral fertilization increases number of new formed roots.
{"title":"Influence of various biofertilizers on root growth dynamics in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. ‘Vanda’","authors":"S. Głuszek, L. Sas-Paszt, E. Derkowska, B. Sumorok, M. Sitarek","doi":"10.17221/119/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/119/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"biofertilizers dynamics 48: Abstract: The experiment was established in the Pomological Orchard of The National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice in a system of randomized blocks. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the impact of innovative organic fertilizers: BioIlsa, BioFeed Ecomix, biostimulator Ausma and mycorrhizal inoculum Mykoflor on the fine roots growth characteristics of ‘Vanda’ sweet cherry trees in comparison with NPK mineral fertilization. The experiment involved five combinations, in three repetitions of three trees each, treated with tested preparations. The study assessed the influence of fertilization on the lifespan of the roots, the depth of their formation, their diameter and survivorship using minirhizotron camera. The highest numbers of roots were found in the treatment where the plants were fertilized with NPK and the lowest following the use of the biofertilizer BioFeed Ecomix. The longest lifespan was shown by the roots of the trees treated with BioFeed Ecomix – 347 days, and the shortest – by those fertilized with the Ausma – 225 days. The lifespan of the roots increased with their diameter. The roots that lived the longest had a diameter in the range from 0.9 to 1.0 mm – 568 days, and the shortest-living were the roots with a diameter smaller than 0.3 mm – 238 days. The roots that formed in late autumn and winter had the shortest median lifespan of 159 days, while the roots formed in the spring where characterized by the longest lifespan of 300 days. The lifespan of the roots formed close to the soil surface was the shortest – 225 days, while that of the roots formed at a depth of 10 to 20 cm was the longest – 326 days. Biological origin, organic nitrogen rich fertilizers positively influence on fine roots lifespan and longevity. Mineral fertilization increases number of new formed roots.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.17221/141/2020-HORTSCI
J. Kollár, L. Bakay, O. Paulen
: Plant galls of Aceria granati (Canestrini et Massalongo 1894) were observed on the leaves of Punica granatum ( Lythraceae ) in a private garden in Nitra in July, 2017. Aceria granati is a monophagous gall mite damaging the leaves of Punica granatum. This gall mite was present in one locality in Nitra only and was probably imported from Hungary via the plant trade. This is the first observation of an Aceria granati occurrence in Slovakia.
：2017年7月，在尼特拉的一个私人花园里，在石榴（Lythraceae）的叶子上观察到了石榴Aceria granati（Canestrini et Massalongo 1894）的植物溃疡。石榴Aceria granati是一种危害石榴叶的单食性胆螨。这种胆螨只存在于尼特拉的一个地方，可能是通过植物贸易从匈牙利进口的。这是在斯洛伐克首次观察到的阿塞里亚-格拉纳提现象。
{"title":"First record of Aceria granati (Canestrini et Massalongo, 1894) in Slovakia – Short Communication","authors":"J. Kollár, L. Bakay, O. Paulen","doi":"10.17221/141/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/141/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":": Plant galls of Aceria granati (Canestrini et Massalongo 1894) were observed on the leaves of Punica granatum ( Lythraceae ) in a private garden in Nitra in July, 2017. Aceria granati is a monophagous gall mite damaging the leaves of Punica granatum. This gall mite was present in one locality in Nitra only and was probably imported from Hungary via the plant trade. This is the first observation of an Aceria granati occurrence in Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46397912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.17221/99/2020-HORTSCI
Armando Hernández Pérez, Juana Cruz García Santiago, V. Torres, A. Lopez, Alberto Sandoval Rangel, N. Montejo
The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3–/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3–/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey’s mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was ‘Silex’ by Fito Seeds, with the ‘El Arrojado’ graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3–/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3–/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3–/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+.
{"title":"Nitrate/ammonium ratio effect on the growth, yield and foliar anatomy of grafted tomato plants","authors":"Armando Hernández Pérez, Juana Cruz García Santiago, V. Torres, A. Lopez, Alberto Sandoval Rangel, N. Montejo","doi":"10.17221/99/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/99/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3–/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3–/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey’s mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was ‘Silex’ by Fito Seeds, with the ‘El Arrojado’ graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3–/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3–/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3–/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.17221/103/2020-HORTSCI
Xiaoming Zhao, Ning Zhang, Xin Liu, Jing Jiang
Potassium (K+) deficiency inhibits the transport of photosynthetic products and causes severe crop yield losses. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we used two tomato lines 081018 (K+-deficiency-sensitive) and 081034 (K+-deficiency-tolerant), showing tolerance to K+ deficiency to investigate the relationship between the H2O2 and sucrose in the tomato under K +-deficiency. The H2O2 accumulation was increased by the low K+ condition (0.5 mM) after 8 h in 081018. The enzymes related to the metabolism of H2O2 were decreased, and more malondialdehyde (MDA) was produced. After 24 h, the sucrose content had accumulated significantly in the leaves, however, it was deficient in the roots, and the expression level of the sucrose transporters (SUT1) was inhibited. In 081034, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased under K+-deficiency, and then the H2O2 subsequently returned to the control treatment (4 mM) levels and did not produce more MDA. The sucrose content was not significantly different from the control treatment after 24 h. The expression of SUT1 was not suppressed. These results suggested that the H2O2 dynamics played different roles in the two different strains. The transportation of sucrose was suppressed by the H2O2 from the leaf (source) to the root (sink) in 081018, and unrestricted by the advantageous reactive oxygen species dynamics capacity in 081034.
{"title":"The effects of K+-deficiency on H2O2 dynamics and sucrose in tomato","authors":"Xiaoming Zhao, Ning Zhang, Xin Liu, Jing Jiang","doi":"10.17221/103/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/103/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium (K+) deficiency inhibits the transport of photosynthetic products and causes severe crop yield losses. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we used two tomato lines 081018 (K+-deficiency-sensitive) and 081034 (K+-deficiency-tolerant), showing tolerance to K+ deficiency to investigate the relationship between the H2O2 and sucrose in the tomato under K +-deficiency. The H2O2 accumulation was increased by the low K+ condition (0.5 mM) after 8 h in 081018. The enzymes related to the metabolism of H2O2 were decreased, and more malondialdehyde (MDA) was produced. After 24 h, the sucrose content had accumulated significantly in the leaves, however, it was deficient in the roots, and the expression level of the sucrose transporters (SUT1) was inhibited. In 081034, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased under K+-deficiency, and then the H2O2 subsequently returned to the control treatment (4 mM) levels and did not produce more MDA. The sucrose content was not significantly different from the control treatment after 24 h. The expression of SUT1 was not suppressed. These results suggested that the H2O2 dynamics played different roles in the two different strains. The transportation of sucrose was suppressed by the H2O2 from the leaf (source) to the root (sink) in 081018, and unrestricted by the advantageous reactive oxygen species dynamics capacity in 081034.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rootstocks play a vital role in regulating the environmental adaptability and controlling the growth and development of apple trees. M9T337, an excellent apple rootstock widely used in commercial orchards, could confer dwarf tree architectures, early fruiting and suitability for high-density planting. However, the rooting ability of M9T3337 is low when it is vegetatively propagated, and researchers have not yet established an efficient micropropagation system. The present study systematically evaluated the multiplication in adventitious shoots and the in vitro formation of adventitious roots to determine the effects of the culture media and plant growth regulators of M9T337 and a rapid micropropagation system was developed. For the shoot multiplication, the highest multiplication index of 3.93 was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L GA3 from 12 combinations of 6-BA and NAA. Stronger and taller adventitious shoots were grown on MS supplemented with 1.8 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The optimal media with 100% rooting was obtained using 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.3 mg/L IBA or MS supplemented with 0.6 mg/L IBA for the rooting induction, resulting in mean rooting numbers of 13.00 and 11.33, respectively. Additionally, the effect on rooting of adding 0.3 mg/L IBA or not on the 1/2 MS and MS media was compared; the results suggested that an appropriate IBA concentration was the key to successful rooting. The rooted plantlets were acclimatised in a shaded greenhouse with an 84% survival rate. The established micropropagation system could be used for the rapid propagation of M9T337 for commercial production.
{"title":"Establishment of an efficient micropropagation system in enhancing rooting efficiency via stem cuttings of apple rootstock M9T337","authors":"Jiang Shi, Zhidan Dong, Chunhui Song, Xie Beiyang, Xianbo Zheng, Shangwei Song, Jian Jiao, Miaomiao Wang, Bai Tuanhui","doi":"10.17221/106/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/106/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"Rootstocks play a vital role in regulating the environmental adaptability and controlling the growth and development of apple trees. M9T337, an excellent apple rootstock widely used in commercial orchards, could confer dwarf tree architectures, early fruiting and suitability for high-density planting. However, the rooting ability of M9T3337 is low when it is vegetatively propagated, and researchers have not yet established an efficient micropropagation system. The present study systematically evaluated the multiplication in adventitious shoots and the in vitro formation of adventitious roots to determine the effects of the culture media and plant growth regulators of M9T337 and a rapid micropropagation system was developed. For the shoot multiplication, the highest multiplication index of 3.93 was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L GA3 from 12 combinations of 6-BA and NAA. Stronger and taller adventitious shoots were grown on MS supplemented with 1.8 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The optimal media with 100% rooting was obtained using 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.3 mg/L IBA or MS supplemented with 0.6 mg/L IBA for the rooting induction, resulting in mean rooting numbers of 13.00 and 11.33, respectively. Additionally, the effect on rooting of adding 0.3 mg/L IBA or not on the 1/2 MS and MS media was compared; the results suggested that an appropriate IBA concentration was the key to successful rooting. The rooted plantlets were acclimatised in a shaded greenhouse with an 84% survival rate. The established micropropagation system could be used for the rapid propagation of M9T337 for commercial production.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48126613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.17221/72/2020-HORTSCI
A. Auriga, J. Wróbel
The role of preparations supporting plant growth is mainly to reduce the harmful effects of various stress factors on plants and to ensure high yields of good quality. This experiment compared the effect of the mineral stimulator Tytanit® and the biological preparation Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the physiological and biochemical activity, as well as the yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malondialdehyde were assayed and compared at three phenological phases of the bean: 15 BBCH, 24 BBCH, 65 BBCH. The yield parameters included the average number of pods per plant, as well as their fresh and dry mass. Additionally, the nutrient content in the pods was determined according to the atomic absorption spectrometry method. The study revealed a positive effect of both preparations on increasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, and the carotenoids in the bean leaves. Plants treated with Tytanit® were characterised by the highest content of malondialdehyde and proline, while EM maintained the aldehyde content on a similar level compared to the untreated plants and significantly reduced the proline content. Both preparations significantly decreased the Mn, Mg, P, and Ca content in the pods and did not have a substantial impact on the yield.
{"title":"Influence of Tytanit® and EM on biochemical, physiological, and qualitative parameters of common bean","authors":"A. Auriga, J. Wróbel","doi":"10.17221/72/2020-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/72/2020-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"The role of preparations supporting plant growth is mainly to reduce the harmful effects of various stress factors on plants and to ensure high yields of good quality. This experiment compared the effect of the mineral stimulator Tytanit® and the biological preparation Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the physiological and biochemical activity, as well as the yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malondialdehyde were assayed and compared at three phenological phases of the bean: 15 BBCH, 24 BBCH, 65 BBCH. The yield parameters included the average number of pods per plant, as well as their fresh and dry mass. Additionally, the nutrient content in the pods was determined according to the atomic absorption spectrometry method. The study revealed a positive effect of both preparations on increasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, and the carotenoids in the bean leaves. Plants treated with Tytanit® were characterised by the highest content of malondialdehyde and proline, while EM maintained the aldehyde content on a similar level compared to the untreated plants and significantly reduced the proline content. Both preparations significantly decreased the Mn, Mg, P, and Ca content in the pods and did not have a substantial impact on the yield.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49531403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-20DOI: 10.17221/158/2019-HORTSCI
N. Saraginovski, M. Kiprijanovski
The aim of our research was to determine the effect of short pruning on the productive and vegetative characteristics of peach trees. The research was conducted on two cultivars, ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Fayette’. Three short pruning treatments were applied, with heading of the bearing branches at 20, 30, and 40 cm in length and a control, without heading. The following characteristics were evaluated: the growth of the TCSA, the number of thinned fruitlets, the number of fruit and yield per tree, the average weight of the fruits and the diameter of the fruits. Based on our research, we made several observations: the pruning method did not affect the growth of the TCSA; the number of thinned fruitlets decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches; the number of fruits and yield per tree decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches. A higher average fruit weight and percentage of fruits with a bigger diameter were calculated from the trees with the short pruning, but with a different share depending on the cultivar.
{"title":"The effect of the short pruning on the yield and quality of the fruits at the peach tree","authors":"N. Saraginovski, M. Kiprijanovski","doi":"10.17221/158/2019-HORTSCI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/158/2019-HORTSCI","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research was to determine the effect of short pruning on the productive and vegetative characteristics of peach trees. The research was conducted on two cultivars, ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Fayette’. Three short pruning treatments were applied, with heading of the bearing branches at 20, 30, and 40 cm in length and a control, without heading. The following characteristics were evaluated: the growth of the TCSA, the number of thinned fruitlets, the number of fruit and yield per tree, the average weight of the fruits and the diameter of the fruits. Based on our research, we made several observations: the pruning method did not affect the growth of the TCSA; the number of thinned fruitlets decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches; the number of fruits and yield per tree decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches. A higher average fruit weight and percentage of fruits with a bigger diameter were calculated from the trees with the short pruning, but with a different share depending on the cultivar.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.17221/64/2020-hortsci
Abdel-rahman Mohamed, Abdel-rahman Mohamed, Heba Sayed, L. Sas-Paszt, A. Mika
One-year-old ‘Florida Prince’ cultivar peach trees grafted on a ‘Nemaguard’ rootstock were planted in the early spring of 2018 at the Centre of Agricultural Research and Experiments, Minia University, located in southwest Egypt. The trees were planted 5 × 5 m in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, with ten trees in each replicate. In the late spring, two different pruning systems were applied; traditional open centre (OC) and de-branched top trees (DBT). The OC trees were headed at 80 cm above the ground. DBT is a modification of the OC, but no heading was undertaken and the new shoot growth arising from the 20 cm at the top of the plant were removed. Before the winter pruning took place, measurements were taken on the upper two opposite branches. The average length and diameter values of the upper two opposite branches at the top of the trees trained to the OC were higher than those trained with the DBT. In contrast, the distance between the upper two branches (25 cm) at the top of the DBT trees was significantly higher. Likewise, the values of the crotch angles (48°) and the number of branches (81 of 100 branches) that showed desired crotch angles (more than 40°) were remarkably higher in the trees trained with the DBT. After the winter pruning took place, the DBT trees were higher than the OC trees. Additionally, the trees trained with the DBT had low pruning costs and took less time. Moreover, the pruning wood weight of the DBT trees was about half of the pruning wood weight of the OC trees. In conclusion, the DBT training system showed the desired impact on the crotch angles and the tested pruning characteristics.
{"title":"A modification in an open centre training system for increasing the crotch angles of peach scaffold branches","authors":"Abdel-rahman Mohamed, Abdel-rahman Mohamed, Heba Sayed, L. Sas-Paszt, A. Mika","doi":"10.17221/64/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/64/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"One-year-old ‘Florida Prince’ cultivar peach trees grafted on a ‘Nemaguard’ rootstock were planted in the early spring of 2018 at the Centre of Agricultural Research and Experiments, Minia University, located in southwest Egypt. The trees were planted 5 × 5 m in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, with ten trees in each replicate. In the late spring, two different pruning systems were applied; traditional open centre (OC) and de-branched top trees (DBT). The OC trees were headed at 80 cm above the ground. DBT is a modification of the OC, but no heading was undertaken and the new shoot growth arising from the 20 cm at the top of the plant were removed. Before the winter pruning took place, measurements were taken on the upper two opposite branches. The average length and diameter values of the upper two opposite branches at the top of the trees trained to the OC were higher than those trained with the DBT. In contrast, the distance between the upper two branches (25 cm) at the top of the DBT trees was significantly higher. Likewise, the values of the crotch angles (48°) and the number of branches (81 of 100 branches) that showed desired crotch angles (more than 40°) were remarkably higher in the trees trained with the DBT. After the winter pruning took place, the DBT trees were higher than the OC trees. Additionally, the trees trained with the DBT had low pruning costs and took less time. Moreover, the pruning wood weight of the DBT trees was about half of the pruning wood weight of the OC trees. In conclusion, the DBT training system showed the desired impact on the crotch angles and the tested pruning characteristics.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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