Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.17221/83/2019-hortsci
T. Nečas, J. Wolf, T. Kiss, Martina Gottingerová, Ondrášek Ivo, M. Bieniasz
The cultivation and breeding of new pear tree varieties have great potential, especially with the changing climate. The introduction of genetic resources and varieties from regions with a high genetic diversity can have a positive effect on the cultivation of pear trees in our region. In this experiment, a total of 23 Asian pear varieties originating from Japan and China were assessed. Based on the values obtained, the varieties were sorted, and suitable varieties for the conditions of the Czech Republic were selected. The early-maturing varieties that proved to be promising were ‘Shinseiki’ and ‘Zao Su Li’ due to their refreshing juiciness, plasticity and ease of cultivation. generally low demand. The ‘Shinseiki’ bears mediumto small-sized fruits (103 g on average). The size of the fruits of the evaluated cultivar ‘Zao Su Li’ can reach very large sizes (255 g on average). The medium-maturity varieties suitable for the conditions of the Czech Republic were ‘Hosui’ and ‘Dangshansu Li’ (ripening on the September 11–19 on average) and another interesting variety, ‘Kirgizkaja zimnaja’. Other suitable medium-maturity varieties are ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Sha Li’ and ‘Pung Su’. Of the assessed late-maturing varieties, the promising ones were ‘Ya Li’ and ‘Mut Chen’, especially due to their relatively high storability under cold storage.
{"title":"Evaluation of certain pomological and phenological traits of selected asian pear varieties growing in Middle European conditions","authors":"T. Nečas, J. Wolf, T. Kiss, Martina Gottingerová, Ondrášek Ivo, M. Bieniasz","doi":"10.17221/83/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/83/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation and breeding of new pear tree varieties have great potential, especially with the changing climate. The introduction of genetic resources and varieties from regions with a high genetic diversity can have a positive effect on the cultivation of pear trees in our region. In this experiment, a total of 23 Asian pear varieties originating from Japan and China were assessed. Based on the values obtained, the varieties were sorted, and suitable varieties for the conditions of the Czech Republic were selected. The early-maturing varieties that proved to be promising were ‘Shinseiki’ and ‘Zao Su Li’ due to their refreshing juiciness, plasticity and ease of cultivation. generally low demand. The ‘Shinseiki’ bears mediumto small-sized fruits (103 g on average). The size of the fruits of the evaluated cultivar ‘Zao Su Li’ can reach very large sizes (255 g on average). The medium-maturity varieties suitable for the conditions of the Czech Republic were ‘Hosui’ and ‘Dangshansu Li’ (ripening on the September 11–19 on average) and another interesting variety, ‘Kirgizkaja zimnaja’. Other suitable medium-maturity varieties are ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Sha Li’ and ‘Pung Su’. Of the assessed late-maturing varieties, the promising ones were ‘Ya Li’ and ‘Mut Chen’, especially due to their relatively high storability under cold storage.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/83/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.17221/40/2019-hortsci
F. Sottile, N. Giuggioli, D. Marinoni, C. Peano, M. Signore
The high quality of the various biotypes present in the natural or cultivated state is one of the main features for caper production. Up to now, however, no selection activity has been carried out in order to identify the most suitable accessions for providing better quality products. In this paper, we report the first results of a selection of caper genotypes characterised by significant qualitative traits. A micropropagation protocol was evaluated in order to improve and allow the multiplication of the most promising Capparis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa genotypes, selected in Salina (Aeolian Islands), Sicily (Italy), in collaboration with the most important local growers.
{"title":"Selection and micropropagation of valuable caper genotypes","authors":"F. Sottile, N. Giuggioli, D. Marinoni, C. Peano, M. Signore","doi":"10.17221/40/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/40/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The high quality of the various biotypes present in the natural or cultivated state is one of the main features for caper production. Up to now, however, no selection activity has been carried out in order to identify the most suitable accessions for providing better quality products. In this paper, we report the first results of a selection of caper genotypes characterised by significant qualitative traits. A micropropagation protocol was evaluated in order to improve and allow the multiplication of the most promising Capparis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa genotypes, selected in Salina (Aeolian Islands), Sicily (Italy), in collaboration with the most important local growers.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/40/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42837629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.17221/37/2019-hortsci
A. Stasiak, B. Łata, M. Bieniasz, P. Latocha
Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. is functionally a cryptic dioecious plant and successful pollination is crucial for achieving high quality fruit. The extent and bases of morphological variability in female genotypes have been well studied, but here we focus on the males. Mature plants of seven male A. arguta genotypes were studied in 2016 and 2017 during which a suite of phenological and morphological features was measured on ten randomly chosen one-year-old canes on each plant. This analysis was complemented by two other, specialized measures potentially related to pollination efficiency, namely pollen quality, and quantity. The time of bud break was similar each year across all genotypes and the pollen quality was uniformly very high (viability – 95.0–99.9% and germination – 89.0–97.3%). However, the ten genotypes exhibited high variability in both the number of flowers per inflorescence and pollen quantity, indicating marked differences in their flowering potential and efficiency as pollinizers. The male kiwiberry indicators developed in this study – flowering potential and pollen efficiency, appear to be effective tools for the comparative evaluation of male A. arguta genotypes.
争论猕猴桃（Siebold et Zucc.）Planch。前Miq。在功能上是一种神秘的雌雄异株植物，成功授粉对获得高质量的果实至关重要。女性基因型形态变异的程度和基础已经得到了很好的研究，但这里我们关注的是男性。2016年和2017年，研究了七种雄性论证藻基因型的成熟植株，期间在每株植株上随机选择的十根一年生的甘蔗上测量了一套酚学和形态学特征。这一分析得到了另外两项可能与授粉效率有关的专门措施的补充，即花粉质量和数量。所有基因型的破芽时间每年都很相似，花粉质量也都很高（活力为95.0-99.9%，发芽率为89.0-97.3%）。然而，这十个基因型在每个花序的花数和花粉量方面都表现出很高的变异性，表明它们作为花粉器的开花潜力和效率存在显著差异。这项研究中开发的雄性猕猴桃指标——开花潜力和花粉效率，似乎是比较评估雄性乌鸡基因型的有效工具。
{"title":"Morphological variation of male A. arguta plants affects their flowering potential and pollen efficiency","authors":"A. Stasiak, B. Łata, M. Bieniasz, P. Latocha","doi":"10.17221/37/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/37/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. is functionally a cryptic dioecious plant and successful pollination is crucial for achieving high quality fruit. The extent and bases of morphological variability in female genotypes have been well studied, but here we focus on the males. Mature plants of seven male A. arguta genotypes were studied in 2016 and 2017 during which a suite of phenological and morphological features was measured on ten randomly chosen one-year-old canes on each plant. This analysis was complemented by two other, specialized measures potentially related to pollination efficiency, namely pollen quality, and quantity. The time of bud break was similar each year across all genotypes and the pollen quality was uniformly very high (viability – 95.0–99.9% and germination – 89.0–97.3%). However, the ten genotypes exhibited high variability in both the number of flowers per inflorescence and pollen quantity, indicating marked differences in their flowering potential and efficiency as pollinizers. The male kiwiberry indicators developed in this study – flowering potential and pollen efficiency, appear to be effective tools for the comparative evaluation of male A. arguta genotypes.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/37/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/27/2019-hortsci
Daymara Rodríguez-Alfonso, Miriam Isidrón-Pérez, O. Barrios, Z. Fundora, J. Hormaza, M. Grajal-Martín, L. Herrera-Isidrón
A set of minimum descriptors allow for the rapid characterisation of germplasm facilitating the conservation and use of plant material. The objective of this work was to establish a list of minimum descriptors to facilitate the morphological characterisation of the ex situ pineapple collection in Cuba. Therefore, 48 pineapple accessions were characterised according to the morphoagronomic descriptors established by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). The data were processed by Multivariate Analysis, where a Multiple Principal Components Analysis was used for the qualitative and quantitative traits. A list with 14 minimum descriptors was proposed. The leaf ’s colour, the thickness of the longest leaf, the distribution of the spines, the fruit shape, the fruit colour when ripe, the flesh colour, the weight of fruit flesh, eye form, the fruit height, the fruit diameter, the fruitlet shape, the core diameter, the total soluble solids of the fruit, and the crown weight/fruit weight ratio were selected as the minimum descriptors. Because most of the descriptors refer to the pineapple’s genetic improvement or commercialisation aspects, it could be a useful tool for scientists and producers.
{"title":"Minimal morphoagronomic descriptors for Cuban pineapple germplasm characterisation","authors":"Daymara Rodríguez-Alfonso, Miriam Isidrón-Pérez, O. Barrios, Z. Fundora, J. Hormaza, M. Grajal-Martín, L. Herrera-Isidrón","doi":"10.17221/27/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/27/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"A set of minimum descriptors allow for the rapid characterisation of germplasm facilitating the conservation and use of plant material. The objective of this work was to establish a list of minimum descriptors to facilitate the morphological characterisation of the ex situ pineapple collection in Cuba. Therefore, 48 pineapple accessions were characterised according to the morphoagronomic descriptors established by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). The data were processed by Multivariate Analysis, where a Multiple Principal Components Analysis was used for the qualitative and quantitative traits. A list with 14 minimum descriptors was proposed. The leaf ’s colour, the thickness of the longest leaf, the distribution of the spines, the fruit shape, the fruit colour when ripe, the flesh colour, the weight of fruit flesh, eye form, the fruit height, the fruit diameter, the fruitlet shape, the core diameter, the total soluble solids of the fruit, and the crown weight/fruit weight ratio were selected as the minimum descriptors. Because most of the descriptors refer to the pineapple’s genetic improvement or commercialisation aspects, it could be a useful tool for scientists and producers.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/27/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/20/2019-hortsci
O. Borsai, M. Hârța, K. Szabo, C. Kelemen, Flavia Andreea Andrecan, M. Codrea, D. Clapa
The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic uniformity of blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus L. ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Chester Thornless’) obtained by micropropagation. Genetic uniformity was analysed by using RAPD and SRAP markers. For the in vitro multiplication, the slightly modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium was used, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzyladenine (BA), prepared with tap water and 50 g/l wheat starch as the gelling agent. This culture medium ensured the regeneration of well-developed plantlets, with multiplication rates of more than 42 for both cultivars. The in vitro multiplication was carried out in 30 months including 12 subcultures. The plants obtained from the 3rd and 11th subcultures were compared with the mother plants using 64 SRAP primer combinations (eight forward and eight reverse primers) and 20 RAPD primers to check their genetic fidelity. The amplification products were monomorphic in the micropropagated plants and the mother plant. No polymorphism was detected, thus proving the genetic fidelity and uniformity of the micropropagated plants.
{"title":"Evaluation of genetic fidelity of in vitro-propagated blackberry plants using RAPD and SRAP molecular markers","authors":"O. Borsai, M. Hârța, K. Szabo, C. Kelemen, Flavia Andreea Andrecan, M. Codrea, D. Clapa","doi":"10.17221/20/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic uniformity of blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus L. ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Chester Thornless’) obtained by micropropagation. Genetic uniformity was analysed by using RAPD and SRAP markers. For the in vitro multiplication, the slightly modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium was used, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzyladenine (BA), prepared with tap water and 50 g/l wheat starch as the gelling agent. This culture medium ensured the regeneration of well-developed plantlets, with multiplication rates of more than 42 for both cultivars. The in vitro multiplication was carried out in 30 months including 12 subcultures. The plants obtained from the 3rd and 11th subcultures were compared with the mother plants using 64 SRAP primer combinations (eight forward and eight reverse primers) and 20 RAPD primers to check their genetic fidelity. The amplification products were monomorphic in the micropropagated plants and the mother plant. No polymorphism was detected, thus proving the genetic fidelity and uniformity of the micropropagated plants.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/20/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49050322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/83/2018-hortsci
Khethani G. Mhelembe, Johan Kriel, C. Bester, E. Louw, R. Roodt‐Wilding, K. Tobutt
The ARC apple gene bank collection was genotyped for the fruit expressed gene ACS1, in which a short-interspersed element (SINE) in the promoter is known, when homozygous, to correlate with the delayed ethylene production. Primers were designed amplifying products less than 500 bp and 224 cultivars of domestic apple were analysed, 169 not previously genotyped. Of these, 82 were aa (homozygous for the high ethylene allele at 202 bp), 73 were ab and 14 bb (homozygous for the low ethylene allele, with the SINE, at 339 bp). The difference between the allele sizes, 137 bp, observed in the current study is consistent with the indel of 138 bp originally described, but differs considerably from the indel of 166 bp reported in literature. In addition, 21 accessions of other Malus species were analysed. Only one, M. ‘Golden Hornet’, had the b allele, which suggests it may have been introgressed from M. pumila.
{"title":"Molecular characterisation of apple accessions with respect to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (ACS1) polymorphism","authors":"Khethani G. Mhelembe, Johan Kriel, C. Bester, E. Louw, R. Roodt‐Wilding, K. Tobutt","doi":"10.17221/83/2018-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/83/2018-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The ARC apple gene bank collection was genotyped for the fruit expressed gene ACS1, in which a short-interspersed element (SINE) in the promoter is known, when homozygous, to correlate with the delayed ethylene production. Primers were designed amplifying products less than 500 bp and 224 cultivars of domestic apple were analysed, 169 not previously genotyped. Of these, 82 were aa (homozygous for the high ethylene allele at 202 bp), 73 were ab and 14 bb (homozygous for the low ethylene allele, with the SINE, at 339 bp). The difference between the allele sizes, 137 bp, observed in the current study is consistent with the indel of 138 bp originally described, but differs considerably from the indel of 166 bp reported in literature. In addition, 21 accessions of other Malus species were analysed. Only one, M. ‘Golden Hornet’, had the b allele, which suggests it may have been introgressed from M. pumila.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/83/2018-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49337640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/10/2019-hortsci
E. Mladenović, S. Cvejić, S. Jocić, Nemanja Ćuk, J. Čukanović, M. Jocković, Ana Marjanović Jeromela
The aim of this research was to determine the optimum planting density for the production of high-quality cut flowers with desirable characteristics. 25 single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes were planted at different densities and evaluated for flowering time, flower diameter, and stem circumference and length over a two-year production cycle. Three spacing patterns were used: 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, and 70 × 30 cm, which led to the planting densities of 160 000, 90 000, and 60 000 plants/ha, respectively. The plant density had the most important effect on the stem circumference, flower diameter, and stem length (total variation 52, 60, and 58%, AMMI analysis) and a small effect on the flowering time (total variation 1%, AMMI analysis). Based on environment-focused scaling, all high-density environments could be suitable for the production of single-stem sunflower genotypes. The results demonstrated the adaptation of several sunflower genotypes G9, G11, G12, G21, and G22 as the most suitable based on the optimum flower diameter, stem circumference, and stem length. These results may lead to progress in growing ornamental sunflowers as a cut flower.
{"title":"Effect of plant density on stem and flower quality of single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes","authors":"E. Mladenović, S. Cvejić, S. Jocić, Nemanja Ćuk, J. Čukanović, M. Jocković, Ana Marjanović Jeromela","doi":"10.17221/10/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/10/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to determine the optimum planting density for the production of high-quality cut flowers with desirable characteristics. 25 single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes were planted at different densities and evaluated for flowering time, flower diameter, and stem circumference and length over a two-year production cycle. Three spacing patterns were used: 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, and 70 × 30 cm, which led to the planting densities of 160 000, 90 000, and 60 000 plants/ha, respectively. The plant density had the most important effect on the stem circumference, flower diameter, and stem length (total variation 52, 60, and 58%, AMMI analysis) and a small effect on the flowering time (total variation 1%, AMMI analysis). Based on environment-focused scaling, all high-density environments could be suitable for the production of single-stem sunflower genotypes. The results demonstrated the adaptation of several sunflower genotypes G9, G11, G12, G21, and G22 as the most suitable based on the optimum flower diameter, stem circumference, and stem length. These results may lead to progress in growing ornamental sunflowers as a cut flower.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/10/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/29/2019-hortsci
Jebu Mia, F. Massetani, G. Murri, D. Neri
This review is designed to address various alternative weed-control practices and their possibilities in the fruit orchard in terms of sustainability. Correct weed management and maintenance of adequate orchard biodiversity are crucial for sustainable orchard soil management. The key is to practice an alternative weed-management approach (single or integrated) rather than to use possibly harmful chemicals only. Integration of modern equipment with a shallow tillage system can provide effective weed control in tree rows, including optimised tree performance and soil biodiversity. Living mulch suppresses weeds and enhances orchard biodiversity, while selection of less competitive and less pest-attracting species is crucial. Plastic covers offer long-term weed control, but additional nutrient amendments are required to maintain the balanced fertility of the soil. Wood chip mulch is suggested where the materials are available on or near the farm, and where there is lower incidence of perennial weeds. High pressure water and robotic systems are still in their infancy for fruit orchards, and required more research to confirm their efficiency.
{"title":"Sustainable alternatives to chemicals for weed control in the orchard – a Review ","authors":"Jebu Mia, F. Massetani, G. Murri, D. Neri","doi":"10.17221/29/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/29/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"This review is designed to address various alternative weed-control practices and their possibilities in the fruit orchard in terms of sustainability. Correct weed management and maintenance of adequate orchard biodiversity are crucial for sustainable orchard soil management. The key is to practice an alternative weed-management approach (single or integrated) rather than to use possibly harmful chemicals only. Integration of modern equipment with a shallow tillage system can provide effective weed control in tree rows, including optimised tree performance and soil biodiversity. Living mulch suppresses weeds and enhances orchard biodiversity, while selection of less competitive and less pest-attracting species is crucial. Plastic covers offer long-term weed control, but additional nutrient amendments are required to maintain the balanced fertility of the soil. Wood chip mulch is suggested where the materials are available on or near the farm, and where there is lower incidence of perennial weeds. High pressure water and robotic systems are still in their infancy for fruit orchards, and required more research to confirm their efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/29/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/32/2019-hortsci
Md. Raihan Talukder, M. Asaduzzaman, M. Ueno, Hideyuki Tanaka, T. Asao
Successive lettuce cultivation in closed hydroponics using the same nutrient solution causes the excess production and accumulation of allelochemicals. The accumulated allelochemicals induce oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in plants leading to growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the allelochemicals that induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in lettuce grown in a once used non-renewed nutrient solution (1NR) and a twice used non-renewed nutrient solution (2NR) obtained from the successive cultivation and the alleviation of these damages through electro-degradation (ED). The 1NR solution was used for six weeks for a one-time lettuce cultivation while the 2NR solution was used for twelve weeks for a two-times lettuce cultivation. The results showed that the allelochemical stress caused growth inhibition in the lettuce in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions. It was observed that there was a higher generation of H2O2 and O2. – as well as a lower activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots of the plants grown in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions compared to plants grown in the new nutrient solution. The higher level of lipid peroxidation due to the higher MDA (malondialdehyde) content and higher soluble protein content were also observed in the roots of those plants. It was evident that lettuce root damage occurred due to accumulation of the allelochemicals in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. These damaged roots could not function normally nor uptake water and minerals from the culture solution. As a result, retarded lettuce growth was observed in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. The oxidative damage, soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation and ultimately growth retardation were more pronounced in the plants grown in the 2NR solution compared to the plants grown in the 1NR solution. The application of ED to the 1NR and 2NR solutions maintained the plant growth through less oxidative damage, soluble protein production and lipid peroxidation as was observed in the plants grown with the new nutrient solution. Therefore, the ED of a non-renewed culture solution would alleviate the allelochemical stress in lettuce under recycled hydroponics.
{"title":"Alleviation of allelochemical stress-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage in lettuce under closed hydroponics through electro-degradation","authors":"Md. Raihan Talukder, M. Asaduzzaman, M. Ueno, Hideyuki Tanaka, T. Asao","doi":"10.17221/32/2019-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/32/2019-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Successive lettuce cultivation in closed hydroponics using the same nutrient solution causes the excess production and accumulation of allelochemicals. The accumulated allelochemicals induce oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in plants leading to growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the allelochemicals that induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in lettuce grown in a once used non-renewed nutrient solution (1NR) and a twice used non-renewed nutrient solution (2NR) obtained from the successive cultivation and the alleviation of these damages through electro-degradation (ED). The 1NR solution was used for six weeks for a one-time lettuce cultivation while the 2NR solution was used for twelve weeks for a two-times lettuce cultivation. The results showed that the allelochemical stress caused growth inhibition in the lettuce in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions. It was observed that there was a higher generation of H2O2 and O2. – as well as a lower activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots of the plants grown in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions compared to plants grown in the new nutrient solution. The higher level of lipid peroxidation due to the higher MDA (malondialdehyde) content and higher soluble protein content were also observed in the roots of those plants. It was evident that lettuce root damage occurred due to accumulation of the allelochemicals in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. These damaged roots could not function normally nor uptake water and minerals from the culture solution. As a result, retarded lettuce growth was observed in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. The oxidative damage, soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation and ultimately growth retardation were more pronounced in the plants grown in the 2NR solution compared to the plants grown in the 1NR solution. The application of ED to the 1NR and 2NR solutions maintained the plant growth through less oxidative damage, soluble protein production and lipid peroxidation as was observed in the plants grown with the new nutrient solution. Therefore, the ED of a non-renewed culture solution would alleviate the allelochemical stress in lettuce under recycled hydroponics.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/32/2019-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.17221/39/2018-hortsci
J. Blažková, A. Skřivanová, P. Suran, L. Zelený, F. Paprštein
The cropping of six sweet cherry cultivars that originated in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology at Holovousy, and a standard one, ‘Burlat’, were evaluated on three rootstocks in the period of 2007–2017. Trees planted in a spacing of 1.5 m × 5.0 m were trained as tall spindle axes utilising their natural tendency to develop a central leader. On the standard rootstock, P-TU-2, ‘Tim’ was the most productive with a mean total harvest of 47.6 kg per tree. ‘Sandra’ yielded the most on the PHLC rootstock with 56.2 kg per tree and ‘Helga’ yielded the most on Gisela 5 with a mean total harvest of 55.9 kg per tree. The mean impact of the rootstock on the tree vigour, measured upon the trunk cross section area, ranged from 148.4 cm2 on the standard rootstock P-TU-2 to 114.1 cm2 on the PHLC and 125.2 cm2 on Gisela 5 . On the standard rootstock P-TU-2, the most vigorous one according to this criterion was ‘Jacinta’ (178.0 cm2) whereas ‘Justyna’ (109.7 cm2) was the least vigorous. On the PHLC, the most vigorous was ‘Sandra’ (147.2 cm2) and the least was ‘Amid’ (94.0 cm2). The other tree characteristics were mainly dependant on the cultivar and minimally, or not at all, influenced by the rootstock vigour.
{"title":"Long-term evaluation of rootstock effects on cropping and tree parameters of selected sweet cherry cultivars","authors":"J. Blažková, A. Skřivanová, P. Suran, L. Zelený, F. Paprštein","doi":"10.17221/39/2018-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2018-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The cropping of six sweet cherry cultivars that originated in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology at Holovousy, and a standard one, ‘Burlat’, were evaluated on three rootstocks in the period of 2007–2017. Trees planted in a spacing of 1.5 m × 5.0 m were trained as tall spindle axes utilising their natural tendency to develop a central leader. On the standard rootstock, P-TU-2, ‘Tim’ was the most productive with a mean total harvest of 47.6 kg per tree. ‘Sandra’ yielded the most on the PHLC rootstock with 56.2 kg per tree and ‘Helga’ yielded the most on Gisela 5 with a mean total harvest of 55.9 kg per tree. The mean impact of the rootstock on the tree vigour, measured upon the trunk cross section area, ranged from 148.4 cm2 on the standard rootstock P-TU-2 to 114.1 cm2 on the PHLC and 125.2 cm2 on Gisela 5 . On the standard rootstock P-TU-2, the most vigorous one according to this criterion was ‘Jacinta’ (178.0 cm2) whereas ‘Justyna’ (109.7 cm2) was the least vigorous. On the PHLC, the most vigorous was ‘Sandra’ (147.2 cm2) and the least was ‘Amid’ (94.0 cm2). The other tree characteristics were mainly dependant on the cultivar and minimally, or not at all, influenced by the rootstock vigour.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17221/39/2018-hortsci","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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