There is a growing trend of cultivating hybrid bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] on golf course putting greens in the transition zone because of its excellent quality in the summer months, coupled with less pesticide input than creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.). However, the long-term success of bermudagrass putting greens is hindered by low temperatures in winter months, particularly in the transition zone. To address this issue, in addition to genetic improvement for cold hardiness through the development of new cultivars, effective management approaches are necessary to enhance the winter survival of putting green–type bermudagrass. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative freeze tolerance of four bermudagrasses and the effects of raising mowing height on the freeze tolerance of putting green–type bermudagrasses. In this study, two experimental putting green–type bermudagrasses (11X2 and OKC0805) along with cultivars TifEagle and OKC3920 were tested at two mowing heights (3.2 vs. 6.4 mm) at freeze temperatures that ranged between –4 and –11 °C. The lethal temperature to kill 50% of the population (LT 50 ) as well as regrowth vigor during recovery were evaluated. Variety ‘OKC3920’ demonstrated enhanced freeze tolerance compared with ‘TifEagle’ at both mowing heights. Increasing the mowing height from 3.2 mm to 6.4 mm improved freeze tolerance for most genotypes tested in this study. After exposing the grasses to –8 °C for 1 hour, genotypes such as 11X2 exhibited better regrowth vigor and demonstrated a faster recovery. This study suggests that golf course managers can enhance winter resilience of bermudagrass putting greens by selecting genotypes strategically with superior freeze tolerance and raising mowing heights in the fall acclimation process.
{"title":"Raising Mowing Height Improves Freeze Tolerance of Putting Green–type Bermudagrass","authors":"Mingying Xiang, Shuhao Yu, Lakshmy Gopinath, Hassan Salahi, Justin Q. Moss, Yanqi Wu","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17351-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17351-23","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing trend of cultivating hybrid bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] on golf course putting greens in the transition zone because of its excellent quality in the summer months, coupled with less pesticide input than creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.). However, the long-term success of bermudagrass putting greens is hindered by low temperatures in winter months, particularly in the transition zone. To address this issue, in addition to genetic improvement for cold hardiness through the development of new cultivars, effective management approaches are necessary to enhance the winter survival of putting green–type bermudagrass. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative freeze tolerance of four bermudagrasses and the effects of raising mowing height on the freeze tolerance of putting green–type bermudagrasses. In this study, two experimental putting green–type bermudagrasses (11X2 and OKC0805) along with cultivars TifEagle and OKC3920 were tested at two mowing heights (3.2 vs. 6.4 mm) at freeze temperatures that ranged between –4 and –11 °C. The lethal temperature to kill 50% of the population (LT 50 ) as well as regrowth vigor during recovery were evaluated. Variety ‘OKC3920’ demonstrated enhanced freeze tolerance compared with ‘TifEagle’ at both mowing heights. Increasing the mowing height from 3.2 mm to 6.4 mm improved freeze tolerance for most genotypes tested in this study. After exposing the grasses to –8 °C for 1 hour, genotypes such as 11X2 exhibited better regrowth vigor and demonstrated a faster recovery. This study suggests that golf course managers can enhance winter resilience of bermudagrass putting greens by selecting genotypes strategically with superior freeze tolerance and raising mowing heights in the fall acclimation process.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"45 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17240-23
Chiao-Ling Hsiao, Ching-Yuh Wang, Yi-Ting Hsu
Integrating solar modules into agricultural production constitutes a novel type of agricultural industry. We evaluated the effect of setting opaque plastic solar modules on greenhouse roofs on the crop growth inside greenhouse. The opaque plastic agricultural films simulating the material of solar modules and the greenhouse roofs covered with these films were used, and the yield and nitrate content of pak choi ( Brassica chinensis ‘Bekamaru’) and rape ( Brassica napus ‘Dragon’) under these films were measured. The results indicated that the yield of pak choi did not change considerably by a simulated photovoltaic (SPV) roof with a shading rate of 38% compared with an uncovered plastic (PL) roof. However, during the first and second planting periods, the yield of rape under the PL roof substantially exceeded that under the SPV roof by 31% and 34%, respectively, indicating that the effect of shading on the yield of rape was greater than that on the yield of pak choi. In addition, the appearance of pak choi and rape also changed under the SPV roof, such as fewer leaves, lower chlorophyll content, and larger specific leaf areas. Nevertheless, the nitrate content of crops grown under the SPV roof exceeded that of crops grown under the PL roof. In conclusion, based on the expression of yield and growth of crops, pak choi is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses that are equipped with photovoltaic systems. However, to prevent plants from accumulating excessive nitrate, attention must be focused on the amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizers application.
{"title":"Effect of Simulated Photovoltaic Roofs on the Yield and Nitrate Content of Pak Choi and Rape","authors":"Chiao-Ling Hsiao, Ching-Yuh Wang, Yi-Ting Hsu","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17240-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17240-23","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating solar modules into agricultural production constitutes a novel type of agricultural industry. We evaluated the effect of setting opaque plastic solar modules on greenhouse roofs on the crop growth inside greenhouse. The opaque plastic agricultural films simulating the material of solar modules and the greenhouse roofs covered with these films were used, and the yield and nitrate content of pak choi ( Brassica chinensis ‘Bekamaru’) and rape ( Brassica napus ‘Dragon’) under these films were measured. The results indicated that the yield of pak choi did not change considerably by a simulated photovoltaic (SPV) roof with a shading rate of 38% compared with an uncovered plastic (PL) roof. However, during the first and second planting periods, the yield of rape under the PL roof substantially exceeded that under the SPV roof by 31% and 34%, respectively, indicating that the effect of shading on the yield of rape was greater than that on the yield of pak choi. In addition, the appearance of pak choi and rape also changed under the SPV roof, such as fewer leaves, lower chlorophyll content, and larger specific leaf areas. Nevertheless, the nitrate content of crops grown under the SPV roof exceeded that of crops grown under the PL roof. In conclusion, based on the expression of yield and growth of crops, pak choi is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses that are equipped with photovoltaic systems. However, to prevent plants from accumulating excessive nitrate, attention must be focused on the amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizers application.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"28 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17305-23
Robin G. Brumfield, Deborah Greenwood, Madeline Flahive DiNardo, Arend-Jan Both, Joseph R. Heckman, Ramu Govindasamy, Nicholas Polanin, Ashaki A. Rouff, Amy Rowe, Richard VanVranken, Surendran Arumugam
Annie’s Project: Farming in New Jersey’s Cities and the Urban Fringe focused on the following five areas of risk identified by the US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service: financial, production, marketing/price, legal/institutional, and human/personnel. Additional education regarding urban farming topics included securing suitable land, dealing with contaminated soils and alternative growing medias, and securing water for crop production. We delivered a series of six 3-hour evening classes to 23 producers. We administered a retrospective evaluation at the conclusion of the series and distributed an evaluation survey 6 months after training. Both evaluations found that participants increased their understanding of farm risks. Furthermore, they indicated they were better able to manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their farm business activities.
{"title":"A Risk Management Training Program Designed to Empower Urban Women Farmers","authors":"Robin G. Brumfield, Deborah Greenwood, Madeline Flahive DiNardo, Arend-Jan Both, Joseph R. Heckman, Ramu Govindasamy, Nicholas Polanin, Ashaki A. Rouff, Amy Rowe, Richard VanVranken, Surendran Arumugam","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17305-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17305-23","url":null,"abstract":"Annie’s Project: Farming in New Jersey’s Cities and the Urban Fringe focused on the following five areas of risk identified by the US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service: financial, production, marketing/price, legal/institutional, and human/personnel. Additional education regarding urban farming topics included securing suitable land, dealing with contaminated soils and alternative growing medias, and securing water for crop production. We delivered a series of six 3-hour evening classes to 23 producers. We administered a retrospective evaluation at the conclusion of the series and distributed an evaluation survey 6 months after training. Both evaluations found that participants increased their understanding of farm risks. Furthermore, they indicated they were better able to manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their farm business activities.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"28 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17189-23
Mackenzie G. Dey, Jennifer K. Boldt, Bruce Bugbee
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that is usually ample in mineral soil solution, but it is minimally bioavailable from soilless substrates. Several Si additives are commercially available, but the rate of dissolution of Si is not well-characterized. The ideal additive would steadily release bioavailable Si over the crop lifecycle. We report the long-term (120 days) dissolution of Si from soilless substrates and substrate additives. Studies involving gently agitated containers with deionized water indicated that perlite, sphagnum peat, vermiculite, and coconut coir released less than 0.03 mmol Si per liter of substrate per day. Rice hulls and wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ) had 7- to 130-times faster rates of dissolution in this system; therefore, they were further studied in peat-based media. Dissolution of Si from the addition of 1 g wollastonite per liter of peat peaked at day 10 at 2.1 mmol Si per liter of media per leaching event (15% by volume); then, it gradually decreased over 120 days. The peak dissolution of Si amended with 12% rice hulls was similar, but it gradually increased over time. The concentrations of nine heavy metals in plant tissue were compared with untreated control plants to determine wollastonite and steel slag. The concentration of some elements statistically increased, but all concentrations were well below the legal concentration limits of these elements for human consumption in the United States. These results indicate that both wollastonite and rice hulls steadily release Si for up to 4 months; therefore, they are good sources of Si for container-grown crops in soilless media.
{"title":"Dissolution of Silicon from Soilless Substrates and Additives","authors":"Mackenzie G. Dey, Jennifer K. Boldt, Bruce Bugbee","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17189-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17189-23","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that is usually ample in mineral soil solution, but it is minimally bioavailable from soilless substrates. Several Si additives are commercially available, but the rate of dissolution of Si is not well-characterized. The ideal additive would steadily release bioavailable Si over the crop lifecycle. We report the long-term (120 days) dissolution of Si from soilless substrates and substrate additives. Studies involving gently agitated containers with deionized water indicated that perlite, sphagnum peat, vermiculite, and coconut coir released less than 0.03 mmol Si per liter of substrate per day. Rice hulls and wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ) had 7- to 130-times faster rates of dissolution in this system; therefore, they were further studied in peat-based media. Dissolution of Si from the addition of 1 g wollastonite per liter of peat peaked at day 10 at 2.1 mmol Si per liter of media per leaching event (15% by volume); then, it gradually decreased over 120 days. The peak dissolution of Si amended with 12% rice hulls was similar, but it gradually increased over time. The concentrations of nine heavy metals in plant tissue were compared with untreated control plants to determine wollastonite and steel slag. The concentration of some elements statistically increased, but all concentrations were well below the legal concentration limits of these elements for human consumption in the United States. These results indicate that both wollastonite and rice hulls steadily release Si for up to 4 months; therefore, they are good sources of Si for container-grown crops in soilless media.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17338-23
Raihanah H. Shonerd, Ashley A. Thompson, Sam E. Wortman
Grafted tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) production is popular, particularly in high tunnels, because grafted plants can mitigate soilborne disease incidence in highly infested soils and increase water and nutrient use efficiency and crop yield and quality. However, these potential benefits are not as well documented in open field production systems with less disease pressure. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of tomato grafting on fruit yield, number, and size across 2 years (2018 and 2019) and three diverse open-field production environments in Nebraska (Lincoln, North Platte, and Dwight). At each location, a scion from one of two determinant fresh market tomatoes, ‘Nebraska Wedding’ (heirloom) or ‘BHN 589’ (commercial hybrid), were grafted onto one of two rootstocks, ‘Estamino’ and ‘Maxifort,’ and the nongrafted scion cultivars were controls. In year 2, a fertilizer treatment was introduced (0 and 50 kg·ha −1 N). Ripe tomatoes were harvested weekly, sorted as marketable or cull, counted, and weighed fresh. No marketable or total yield benefits of grafting were observed in 2018 for any scion by rootstock combination across locations. Marketable yield of grafted plants was reduced by 32% in Lincoln. However, grafted ‘Nebraska Wedding’ plants (regardless of rootstock) in North Platte (with coarse-textured, lower organic matter soil) increased fruit number (but not yield) by 50% to 63%. In 2019, grafting ‘BHN 589’ to ‘Maxifort’ increased total tomato yield by 24% across all locations. The heirloom variety Nebraska Wedding did not benefit from grafting in 2019. ‘Estamino’ rootstock did not increase tomato yield, number, or size for either scion variety in either year. Nitrogen fertilizer increased yield as expected in 2019, but grafted plants did not perform better than nongrafted under reduced nitrogen fertility. Results from this study suggest that grafting is not consistently beneficial to ‘BHN 589’ and ‘Nebraska Wedding’ in open field production systems in Nebraska, particularly if there are no known soilborne disease issues.
{"title":"Effects of Rootstock and Location on Open Field ‘BHN 589’ and ‘Nebraska Wedding’ Grafted Tomato Yield","authors":"Raihanah H. Shonerd, Ashley A. Thompson, Sam E. Wortman","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17338-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17338-23","url":null,"abstract":"Grafted tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) production is popular, particularly in high tunnels, because grafted plants can mitigate soilborne disease incidence in highly infested soils and increase water and nutrient use efficiency and crop yield and quality. However, these potential benefits are not as well documented in open field production systems with less disease pressure. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of tomato grafting on fruit yield, number, and size across 2 years (2018 and 2019) and three diverse open-field production environments in Nebraska (Lincoln, North Platte, and Dwight). At each location, a scion from one of two determinant fresh market tomatoes, ‘Nebraska Wedding’ (heirloom) or ‘BHN 589’ (commercial hybrid), were grafted onto one of two rootstocks, ‘Estamino’ and ‘Maxifort,’ and the nongrafted scion cultivars were controls. In year 2, a fertilizer treatment was introduced (0 and 50 kg·ha −1 N). Ripe tomatoes were harvested weekly, sorted as marketable or cull, counted, and weighed fresh. No marketable or total yield benefits of grafting were observed in 2018 for any scion by rootstock combination across locations. Marketable yield of grafted plants was reduced by 32% in Lincoln. However, grafted ‘Nebraska Wedding’ plants (regardless of rootstock) in North Platte (with coarse-textured, lower organic matter soil) increased fruit number (but not yield) by 50% to 63%. In 2019, grafting ‘BHN 589’ to ‘Maxifort’ increased total tomato yield by 24% across all locations. The heirloom variety Nebraska Wedding did not benefit from grafting in 2019. ‘Estamino’ rootstock did not increase tomato yield, number, or size for either scion variety in either year. Nitrogen fertilizer increased yield as expected in 2019, but grafted plants did not perform better than nongrafted under reduced nitrogen fertility. Results from this study suggest that grafting is not consistently beneficial to ‘BHN 589’ and ‘Nebraska Wedding’ in open field production systems in Nebraska, particularly if there are no known soilborne disease issues.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"45 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135062465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17122-23
Asmita Paudel, Youping Sun, Larry A. Rupp
{"title":"Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intricatus ‘DoubleDown’","authors":"Asmita Paudel, Youping Sun, Larry A. Rupp","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17122-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17122-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17282-23
Abby Pace, Bruce L. Dunn, Charles Fontanier
Rose cut flowers are popular in everyday bouquets or for special occasions, and tinting of the flowers by means of color addition increases the flowers economical value and aesthetic appeal. This study evaluated red and white luminescent rose cut flowers, which was achieved by applying six persistent luminescent powders. Solutions of each color were prepared by mixing 6 g of powder and 240 ml of deionized water and sprayed four times around the flower head plus a control. Images were taken of the flowers before ultraviolet blacklight exposure and after exposure to be later analyzed with ImageJ software. Daily measurements were taken including vase weight, average floral diameter, and visual deterioration based on scale of 1 to 4. Overall measurements included mean brightness; red, green, and blue measured values; dominant wavelengths of emitted color; flower diameter change rate; relative water percent; solution uptake rate; and vase solution uptake rate. For luminescent brightness mean without ultraviolet, white rose with blue powder had the greatest value. For luminescent brightness after ultraviolet exposure, white rose with green powder had the greatest value. With ultraviolet exposure, white roses with green powder had the greatest value followed by blue, orange, and white. Red powder on white and red roses experienced little to no luminescence before or after ultraviolet exposure. Mean and mode varied in their calculated dominant wavelengths; therefore, it is recommended to use mean values because more similarities in matching of the powder color and the calculated dominant wavelength were reported. Ultimately, white roses are preferred because they seemed to have greater health and luminescence compared with red roses, and green and blue powder would be recommended for luminescent application for brightness.
{"title":"Evaluating Various Colors of Persistent Luminescent Powders on Rose Cut Flowers","authors":"Abby Pace, Bruce L. Dunn, Charles Fontanier","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17282-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17282-23","url":null,"abstract":"Rose cut flowers are popular in everyday bouquets or for special occasions, and tinting of the flowers by means of color addition increases the flowers economical value and aesthetic appeal. This study evaluated red and white luminescent rose cut flowers, which was achieved by applying six persistent luminescent powders. Solutions of each color were prepared by mixing 6 g of powder and 240 ml of deionized water and sprayed four times around the flower head plus a control. Images were taken of the flowers before ultraviolet blacklight exposure and after exposure to be later analyzed with ImageJ software. Daily measurements were taken including vase weight, average floral diameter, and visual deterioration based on scale of 1 to 4. Overall measurements included mean brightness; red, green, and blue measured values; dominant wavelengths of emitted color; flower diameter change rate; relative water percent; solution uptake rate; and vase solution uptake rate. For luminescent brightness mean without ultraviolet, white rose with blue powder had the greatest value. For luminescent brightness after ultraviolet exposure, white rose with green powder had the greatest value. With ultraviolet exposure, white roses with green powder had the greatest value followed by blue, orange, and white. Red powder on white and red roses experienced little to no luminescence before or after ultraviolet exposure. Mean and mode varied in their calculated dominant wavelengths; therefore, it is recommended to use mean values because more similarities in matching of the powder color and the calculated dominant wavelength were reported. Ultimately, white roses are preferred because they seemed to have greater health and luminescence compared with red roses, and green and blue powder would be recommended for luminescent application for brightness.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"228 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17353-23
James E. Larson, Duane W. Greene, James R. Schupp, Christopher D. Clavet, Thomas M. Kon
Multistep chemical thinning programs have been widely recommended in the eastern United States; however, adoption of bloom thinners is limited. With caustic blossom thinners, narrow effective application timings and concerns related to spring frost damage are barriers for commercial use in this region. If effective and safe, use of hormonal blossom thinners for apple would be an attractive alternative. We evaluated the effects and interactions of bloom thinners [6-benzyladenine (BA) and lime sulfur (LS, or calcium polysulfide) + stylet oil (LS+SO)] and a postbloom thinner (NAA) in the context of a multistep, carbaryl-free thinning program across three locations. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 on mature ‘Gala’ in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, USA. In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density ( P < 0.08). Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density. However, where NAA failed to reduce crop load, there was a negative influence on RGR. BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies; however, BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective. Nevertheless, BA applied at bloom may have utility as part of a multistep thinning program. As a part of a multistep thinning program, BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applications, particularly when use of caustic blossom thinners is not permitted.
{"title":"Bloom and Postbloom Thinner Effects and Interactions on ‘Gala’ Fruit Growth Rate, Return Bloom, and Yield Responses at Three Locations","authors":"James E. Larson, Duane W. Greene, James R. Schupp, Christopher D. Clavet, Thomas M. Kon","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17353-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17353-23","url":null,"abstract":"Multistep chemical thinning programs have been widely recommended in the eastern United States; however, adoption of bloom thinners is limited. With caustic blossom thinners, narrow effective application timings and concerns related to spring frost damage are barriers for commercial use in this region. If effective and safe, use of hormonal blossom thinners for apple would be an attractive alternative. We evaluated the effects and interactions of bloom thinners [6-benzyladenine (BA) and lime sulfur (LS, or calcium polysulfide) + stylet oil (LS+SO)] and a postbloom thinner (NAA) in the context of a multistep, carbaryl-free thinning program across three locations. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 on mature ‘Gala’ in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, USA. In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density ( P < 0.08). Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density. However, where NAA failed to reduce crop load, there was a negative influence on RGR. BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies; however, BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective. Nevertheless, BA applied at bloom may have utility as part of a multistep thinning program. As a part of a multistep thinning program, BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applications, particularly when use of caustic blossom thinners is not permitted.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"227 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17326-23
Mohamed Elsadek, Junfang Xie, Gao Jie
Patient recovery and well-being in healthcare settings can be influenced by various factors, including the stress induced by hospitalization and medical care. This study investigated the impact of indoor plants on patient recovery in dental clinics using state-of-the-art techniques to address the limited evidence supporting the claim that nature can alleviate stress and pain in hospitals. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to either a room with indoor plants or a control room without plants for a duration of 5 minutes after their treatment. Physiological responses were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability, and skin conductance, whereas psychological responses were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The results revealed a significant increase in alpha wave power in the frontal region, indicating enhanced relaxation, as well as a significant increase in parasympathetic activity, suggesting improved autonomic balance. Furthermore, a significant decrease in skin conductance was observed when indoor plants were present compared with their absence, indicating reduced physiological arousal. Psychological assessments using the STAI demonstrated lower levels of stress and anxiety, whereas the VAS indicated reduced pain intensity among participants. Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of indoor plants contributes to patients’ relaxation and improved coping mechanisms during the recovery process. This study highlights the significance of incorporating indoor plants into healthcare settings to enhance patients’ overall well-being and promote positive recovery outcomes.
{"title":"The Impact of Indoor Plants on Patient Recovery: Physiological and Psychological Effects in Dental Clinics","authors":"Mohamed Elsadek, Junfang Xie, Gao Jie","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17326-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17326-23","url":null,"abstract":"Patient recovery and well-being in healthcare settings can be influenced by various factors, including the stress induced by hospitalization and medical care. This study investigated the impact of indoor plants on patient recovery in dental clinics using state-of-the-art techniques to address the limited evidence supporting the claim that nature can alleviate stress and pain in hospitals. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to either a room with indoor plants or a control room without plants for a duration of 5 minutes after their treatment. Physiological responses were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability, and skin conductance, whereas psychological responses were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The results revealed a significant increase in alpha wave power in the frontal region, indicating enhanced relaxation, as well as a significant increase in parasympathetic activity, suggesting improved autonomic balance. Furthermore, a significant decrease in skin conductance was observed when indoor plants were present compared with their absence, indicating reduced physiological arousal. Psychological assessments using the STAI demonstrated lower levels of stress and anxiety, whereas the VAS indicated reduced pain intensity among participants. Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of indoor plants contributes to patients’ relaxation and improved coping mechanisms during the recovery process. This study highlights the significance of incorporating indoor plants into healthcare settings to enhance patients’ overall well-being and promote positive recovery outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"242 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17303-23
Anish Sapkota, Amir Haghverdi, Donald Merhaut
Identifying the irrigation-induced cooling effects from a particular plant species used for urban groundcovers while optimizing the rates of irrigation applications is important in regions with hot and dry summers. A 2-year (2020–21) study was conducted in Riverside, CA, USA, to evaluate the effect of irrigation rates on the canopy temperature dynamics of 10 urban groundcovers. Four reference evapotranspiration (ET o )-based irrigation treatments (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% ET o ) and 10 groundcovers were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The effect of irrigation rates on the difference between canopy–air temperature (ΔT), leaf area index (LAI), and stomatal conductance ( g s ) were evaluated. All response variables were collected between May and October 2020 and 2021. The crop water stress index for five groundcovers was also computed. The ΔT was affected ( P < 0.05) by irrigation rates, and groundcovers, including Rhagodia spinescens and Baccharis × ‘Starn Thompson’, maintained the canopy temperature less than the ambient air temperature for all irrigation rates imposed. For most of the groundcovers, the ΔT yielded a strong relationship with LAI ( r = –0.41 to –0.73), and g s ( r = –0.35 to –0.60). Crop water stress index also showed a strong correlation to normalized difference vegetation index ( r = 0.42 to –0.72) and g s ( r = –0.57 to –0.64). Irrigation-included cooling was evident in most groundcovers irrigated at higher rates; however, Rhagodia spinescens and Baccharis × ‘Starn Thompson’ were found to perform well in cooling ability and maintaining the canopy growth as evidenced by LAI. Our study showed that proper plant selection and irrigation management could help maintain green spaces and mitigate the urban heat island effect while conserving irrigation water.
在夏季炎热干燥的地区，确定用于城市地被的特定植物物种的灌溉诱导冷却效应，同时优化灌溉应用的速率是重要的。在美国加州河滨市进行了一项为期2年(2020-21)的研究，以评估灌溉率对10种城市地被植物冠层温度动态的影响。4个参考蒸散发(ET o)灌溉处理(20%、40%、60%和80% ET o)和10个地被物采用完全随机区组设计，重复3次。研究了不同灌水量对冠层-空气温度(ΔT)、叶面积指数(LAI)和气孔导度(g s)差异的影响。所有响应变量均在2020年5月至10月至2021年期间收集。计算了5种地被作物的水分胁迫指数。ΔT受到影响(P <0.05)，且在不同灌水量下，包括刺荆芥(Rhagodia spinescens)和酒藨草(Baccharis x ' Starn Thompson ')在内的地被植物维持的冠层温度均低于环境空气温度。对于大多数地被植物，ΔT与LAI (r = -0.41 ~ -0.73)和g s (r = -0.35 ~ -0.60)有较强的相关性。作物水分胁迫指数与归一化植被指数(r = 0.42 ~ -0.72)和g s (r = -0.57 ~ -0.64)也有很强的相关性。在大多数以较高速率灌溉的地被植物中，包括灌溉在内的冷却是明显的;然而，从叶面积指数(LAI)可以看出，刺荆芥(Rhagodia spinescens)和酒神(Baccharis x’Starn Thompson)在冷却能力和维持冠层生长方面表现良好。研究表明，合理的植物选择和灌溉管理有助于保持城市绿地，缓解城市热岛效应，同时节约灌溉用水。
{"title":"Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Canopy Temperature Dynamics and Physiology of Landscape Groundcovers","authors":"Anish Sapkota, Amir Haghverdi, Donald Merhaut","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17303-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17303-23","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the irrigation-induced cooling effects from a particular plant species used for urban groundcovers while optimizing the rates of irrigation applications is important in regions with hot and dry summers. A 2-year (2020–21) study was conducted in Riverside, CA, USA, to evaluate the effect of irrigation rates on the canopy temperature dynamics of 10 urban groundcovers. Four reference evapotranspiration (ET o )-based irrigation treatments (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% ET o ) and 10 groundcovers were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The effect of irrigation rates on the difference between canopy–air temperature (ΔT), leaf area index (LAI), and stomatal conductance ( g s ) were evaluated. All response variables were collected between May and October 2020 and 2021. The crop water stress index for five groundcovers was also computed. The ΔT was affected ( P < 0.05) by irrigation rates, and groundcovers, including Rhagodia spinescens and Baccharis × ‘Starn Thompson’, maintained the canopy temperature less than the ambient air temperature for all irrigation rates imposed. For most of the groundcovers, the ΔT yielded a strong relationship with LAI ( r = –0.41 to –0.73), and g s ( r = –0.35 to –0.60). Crop water stress index also showed a strong correlation to normalized difference vegetation index ( r = 0.42 to –0.72) and g s ( r = –0.57 to –0.64). Irrigation-included cooling was evident in most groundcovers irrigated at higher rates; however, Rhagodia spinescens and Baccharis × ‘Starn Thompson’ were found to perform well in cooling ability and maintaining the canopy growth as evidenced by LAI. Our study showed that proper plant selection and irrigation management could help maintain green spaces and mitigate the urban heat island effect while conserving irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"766 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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