Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17252-23
Harpreet Singh, Bruce L. Dunn, Charles Fontanier, Hardeep Singh, Amandeep Kaur, Lu Zhang
Colored shade nets are known to alter the light quality and quantity and thus can influence plant growth and nutritional quality of crops. Lettuce (‘Lollo Antonet’ and ‘Green Forest’) and basil (‘Aroma-2’ and ‘Genovese’) were grown in ebb-and-flow hydroponic tables for 4 weeks. Colored shade nets of aluminet, black, pearl, and red with 50% shading intensity along with a control (no-shade) were used in this experiment. Data for plant growth and leaf quality attributes were collected at harvest time. The no-shade treatment showed increased shoot fresh and dry weight, sugar, and relative chlorophyll content in both lettuce and basil cultivars, whereas plant height and net photosynthesis rates were increased under aluminet, pearl, and red nets. In basil, calcium and sulfur were greatest under no-shade, whereas zinc and copper were greatest under aluminet. Zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations were greatest under no-shade in lettuce. The pearl-colored net increased leaf soluble solids content. No-shade produced the greatest starch values in basil, whereas pearl shade net produced the greatest starch in ‘Lollo Antonet’ in the fall. Light spectra varied with shade net resulting in 90%, 65%, 50%, 30%, and 70% of incident light occurring between 400 and 700 nm for no-shade, pearl, aluminet, black, and red shade nets, respectively. Overall, lettuce and basil plants under no-shade (daily light integral of 20 to 24 mol·m −2 ·d −1 and temperature of 26 to 30 °C) had increased plant growth and leaf quality in late spring and fall, compared with colored shade nets.
{"title":"Shade Nets Reduced Growth, Nutrition, and Sugars of Hydroponic Lettuce and Basil","authors":"Harpreet Singh, Bruce L. Dunn, Charles Fontanier, Hardeep Singh, Amandeep Kaur, Lu Zhang","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17252-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17252-23","url":null,"abstract":"Colored shade nets are known to alter the light quality and quantity and thus can influence plant growth and nutritional quality of crops. Lettuce (‘Lollo Antonet’ and ‘Green Forest’) and basil (‘Aroma-2’ and ‘Genovese’) were grown in ebb-and-flow hydroponic tables for 4 weeks. Colored shade nets of aluminet, black, pearl, and red with 50% shading intensity along with a control (no-shade) were used in this experiment. Data for plant growth and leaf quality attributes were collected at harvest time. The no-shade treatment showed increased shoot fresh and dry weight, sugar, and relative chlorophyll content in both lettuce and basil cultivars, whereas plant height and net photosynthesis rates were increased under aluminet, pearl, and red nets. In basil, calcium and sulfur were greatest under no-shade, whereas zinc and copper were greatest under aluminet. Zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations were greatest under no-shade in lettuce. The pearl-colored net increased leaf soluble solids content. No-shade produced the greatest starch values in basil, whereas pearl shade net produced the greatest starch in ‘Lollo Antonet’ in the fall. Light spectra varied with shade net resulting in 90%, 65%, 50%, 30%, and 70% of incident light occurring between 400 and 700 nm for no-shade, pearl, aluminet, black, and red shade nets, respectively. Overall, lettuce and basil plants under no-shade (daily light integral of 20 to 24 mol·m −2 ·d −1 and temperature of 26 to 30 °C) had increased plant growth and leaf quality in late spring and fall, compared with colored shade nets.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"187 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135062901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17396-23
Rachel E. Rudolph, Victoria Bajek, Misbakhul Munir
High tunnel production has increased in the past 10 years in Kentucky with more than 1500 high tunnels constructed across the state. Tomato is the most popular and most valuable high tunnel crop per square foot. This has contributed to a lack of rotation and increased pressure from root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.). Infection by RKN leads to root galling and reduces the host plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients. Sustainable strategies are needed to manage increasing RKN populations for long-term health of high tunnel soils. Soil solarization is a nonchemical management strategy that has shown promise in other regions and in open field systems. Because tunnels are primarily used to produce high-value crops and are often used for season extension, solarizing during the off-season would be the most beneficial for growers because solarizing would require taking the tunnel out of production. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether springtime soil solarization in Kentucky high tunnels followed by use of resistant tomato cultivars is a viable and effective management strategy for RKN populations. Soil solarization was performed in two commercial high tunnels naturally infested with southern RKN ( Meloidogyne incognita ) for 2, 4, and 6 weeks and compared with a nonsolarized control. Soil temperatures reached during solarization were assessed at 7.6-, 15.2-, and 22.8-cm soil depth. After solarization, tomato was transplanted, including ‘Cherokee Carbon’ grafted onto RKN-resistant rootstocks ‘Fortamino’ and ‘Estamino’, RKN-resistant nongrafted ‘Caimon’, and susceptible ‘Cherokee Carbon’ as the control. The highest soil temperature achieved was 50 °C during 6 weeks of solarization at 7.6-cm soil depth compared with 38 °C reached in nonsolarized soil. Soil population densities of RKN increased each month after solarization and were generally lower after solarization with resistant tomato cultivars. The interaction of soil solarization and tomato cultivars was significant with respect to RKN densities in soil and roots. The mean RKN soil and root population densities in the nonsolarized, nonresistant treatment combination was significantly greater compared with all other treatments ( P < 0.0001). Population densities of RKN were significantly higher in the nonsolarized control compared with solarized treatments ( P = 0.0002). Nongrafted ‘Cherokee Carbon’ had significantly more RKN in surrounding soil compared with all other tomato treatments. Tomato yield was unaffected by soil solarization, but there were significant differences based on tomato cultivars alone; nongrafted ‘Cherokee Carbon’ yielded less than the resistant ‘Caimon’. Together, solarization and resistant cultivars reduced RKN population densities in soil and roots, which can provide growers with a nonchemical approach for long-term RKN management and high tunnel resiliency.
{"title":"Effects of Soil Solarization and Grafting on Tomato Yield and Southern Root-knot Nematode Population Densities","authors":"Rachel E. Rudolph, Victoria Bajek, Misbakhul Munir","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17396-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17396-23","url":null,"abstract":"High tunnel production has increased in the past 10 years in Kentucky with more than 1500 high tunnels constructed across the state. Tomato is the most popular and most valuable high tunnel crop per square foot. This has contributed to a lack of rotation and increased pressure from root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.). Infection by RKN leads to root galling and reduces the host plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients. Sustainable strategies are needed to manage increasing RKN populations for long-term health of high tunnel soils. Soil solarization is a nonchemical management strategy that has shown promise in other regions and in open field systems. Because tunnels are primarily used to produce high-value crops and are often used for season extension, solarizing during the off-season would be the most beneficial for growers because solarizing would require taking the tunnel out of production. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether springtime soil solarization in Kentucky high tunnels followed by use of resistant tomato cultivars is a viable and effective management strategy for RKN populations. Soil solarization was performed in two commercial high tunnels naturally infested with southern RKN ( Meloidogyne incognita ) for 2, 4, and 6 weeks and compared with a nonsolarized control. Soil temperatures reached during solarization were assessed at 7.6-, 15.2-, and 22.8-cm soil depth. After solarization, tomato was transplanted, including ‘Cherokee Carbon’ grafted onto RKN-resistant rootstocks ‘Fortamino’ and ‘Estamino’, RKN-resistant nongrafted ‘Caimon’, and susceptible ‘Cherokee Carbon’ as the control. The highest soil temperature achieved was 50 °C during 6 weeks of solarization at 7.6-cm soil depth compared with 38 °C reached in nonsolarized soil. Soil population densities of RKN increased each month after solarization and were generally lower after solarization with resistant tomato cultivars. The interaction of soil solarization and tomato cultivars was significant with respect to RKN densities in soil and roots. The mean RKN soil and root population densities in the nonsolarized, nonresistant treatment combination was significantly greater compared with all other treatments ( P < 0.0001). Population densities of RKN were significantly higher in the nonsolarized control compared with solarized treatments ( P = 0.0002). Nongrafted ‘Cherokee Carbon’ had significantly more RKN in surrounding soil compared with all other tomato treatments. Tomato yield was unaffected by soil solarization, but there were significant differences based on tomato cultivars alone; nongrafted ‘Cherokee Carbon’ yielded less than the resistant ‘Caimon’. Together, solarization and resistant cultivars reduced RKN population densities in soil and roots, which can provide growers with a nonchemical approach for long-term RKN management and high tunnel resiliency.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"363 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dendrobium wardianum is a key ornamental plant and a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. This research aimed to find the optimal protocol for in vitro inducement of polyploidy in D. wardianum by treating protocorms with colchicine (an antimitotic agent). The experiment consisted of two series of treatments. For the first treatment, the protocorms were subjected to colchicine concentrations of 25, 75, 125, 250, and 500 μM (weight/volume) for 6, 12, and 24 hours. For the second treatment, protocorms were cultivated in culture medium with colchicine (25, 75, 125, and 250 μM) for 30 days. A total of 18 polyploids were confirmed by chromosome counts and anatomical parameters. Polyploids had broad, dark green leaves with increased stem lengths compared with those of diploids. The optimal protocol for these two methods consisted of soaking in 250 μM of colchicine solution for 12 hours, resulting in inductivity of 26%, and cultivating in 75 μM for 30 days, resulting in a mutation rate of 34%. A comparison of these two protocols showed that the latter one induced more stable polyploids, but that the survival rate was slightly lower. The survival and induced mutation rates of these plants were significantly influenced by the colchicine concentration and exposure time. Higher concentrations for longer periods of time resulted in greater mortality rates and longer-lasting side effects. The protocol involving a solid medium and colchicine is worth considering. It will be intriguing to examine this methodology for the induction of stable polyploids of other orchid species.
{"title":"In Vitro Induction of Polyploidy by Colchicine in the Protocorm of the Orchid Dendrobium wardianum Warner","authors":"Fei Wang, Xiaokang Zhuo, Muhammad Arslan, Sezai Ercisli, Jinliao Chen, Zhongjian Liu, Siren Lan, Donghui Peng","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17355-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17355-23","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrobium wardianum is a key ornamental plant and a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. This research aimed to find the optimal protocol for in vitro inducement of polyploidy in D. wardianum by treating protocorms with colchicine (an antimitotic agent). The experiment consisted of two series of treatments. For the first treatment, the protocorms were subjected to colchicine concentrations of 25, 75, 125, 250, and 500 μM (weight/volume) for 6, 12, and 24 hours. For the second treatment, protocorms were cultivated in culture medium with colchicine (25, 75, 125, and 250 μM) for 30 days. A total of 18 polyploids were confirmed by chromosome counts and anatomical parameters. Polyploids had broad, dark green leaves with increased stem lengths compared with those of diploids. The optimal protocol for these two methods consisted of soaking in 250 μM of colchicine solution for 12 hours, resulting in inductivity of 26%, and cultivating in 75 μM for 30 days, resulting in a mutation rate of 34%. A comparison of these two protocols showed that the latter one induced more stable polyploids, but that the survival rate was slightly lower. The survival and induced mutation rates of these plants were significantly influenced by the colchicine concentration and exposure time. Higher concentrations for longer periods of time resulted in greater mortality rates and longer-lasting side effects. The protocol involving a solid medium and colchicine is worth considering. It will be intriguing to examine this methodology for the induction of stable polyploids of other orchid species.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"243 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17272-23
Yun-Jin Kim, Sin-Ae Park
We compared the effects of horticultural activities according to cognitive demand levels on psychophysiological responses in adults. Thirty-two adults in their 20s were included. Participants performed 10 horticultural activities (raking, planting transplants, fertilizing, tying plants to stakes, harvesting, sowing, conducting cuttage, planting potted plants, cutting and washing, arranging flowers) for 150 seconds at two levels of cognitive demand. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiographic measurements were acquired during the activity. After each activity, the participants’ emotional states were evaluated using the semantic differential method (SDM). The EEG results, according to comparison by activity, showed that for nine activities, excluding raking, relative theta decreased when performing tasks at a level of high cognitive difficulty (HCD) compared with those with a low cognitive difficulty (LCD), and relative beta, relative gamma, fast alpha, and relative low beta increased, indicating activation of the prefrontal cortex. In the relative theta power spectra, the cuttage activity was found to be the lowest when performing tasks at a high level high cognitive difficulty, and the working memory function was activated the most compared with other activities. When sowing at a low level of cognitive demand, participants’ heart rate decreased and stabilized. When potted plants were harvested at a high level of cognitive difficulty, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency increased, and the sympathetic nervous system was activated. In addition, when planting transplants, and cutting and washing were performed at a high level of cognitive difficulty, and the standard deviation of the RR interval was high, indicating a high ability of the autonomic nervous system to resist stress. As a result of the SDM, the emotional state according to task difficulty was found to be more stable and relaxed than high cognitive difficulty, but a significant increase in comfort, relaxation, and naturalness was achieved when nine gardening tasks with low cognitive difficulty were performed, with the exception of sowing. The results of this study show that tasks with high cognitive difficulty activate working memory, whereas those with low cognitive difficulty stabilize and relax brain activation. Therefore, this study confirmed that an intervention in horticultural activities with an appropriate level of cognitive difficulty could have a significant effect on psychophysiological changes in adults.
{"title":"Effects of Cognitive Demand Levels for Various Horticultural Activities on Psychophysiological Responses in Adults","authors":"Yun-Jin Kim, Sin-Ae Park","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17272-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17272-23","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the effects of horticultural activities according to cognitive demand levels on psychophysiological responses in adults. Thirty-two adults in their 20s were included. Participants performed 10 horticultural activities (raking, planting transplants, fertilizing, tying plants to stakes, harvesting, sowing, conducting cuttage, planting potted plants, cutting and washing, arranging flowers) for 150 seconds at two levels of cognitive demand. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiographic measurements were acquired during the activity. After each activity, the participants’ emotional states were evaluated using the semantic differential method (SDM). The EEG results, according to comparison by activity, showed that for nine activities, excluding raking, relative theta decreased when performing tasks at a level of high cognitive difficulty (HCD) compared with those with a low cognitive difficulty (LCD), and relative beta, relative gamma, fast alpha, and relative low beta increased, indicating activation of the prefrontal cortex. In the relative theta power spectra, the cuttage activity was found to be the lowest when performing tasks at a high level high cognitive difficulty, and the working memory function was activated the most compared with other activities. When sowing at a low level of cognitive demand, participants’ heart rate decreased and stabilized. When potted plants were harvested at a high level of cognitive difficulty, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency increased, and the sympathetic nervous system was activated. In addition, when planting transplants, and cutting and washing were performed at a high level of cognitive difficulty, and the standard deviation of the RR interval was high, indicating a high ability of the autonomic nervous system to resist stress. As a result of the SDM, the emotional state according to task difficulty was found to be more stable and relaxed than high cognitive difficulty, but a significant increase in comfort, relaxation, and naturalness was achieved when nine gardening tasks with low cognitive difficulty were performed, with the exception of sowing. The results of this study show that tasks with high cognitive difficulty activate working memory, whereas those with low cognitive difficulty stabilize and relax brain activation. Therefore, this study confirmed that an intervention in horticultural activities with an appropriate level of cognitive difficulty could have a significant effect on psychophysiological changes in adults.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"364 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17386-23
Congmu Zhang, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Mark A. Ritenour, Juan Gabriel Perez-Perez, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Steven A. Sargent
Grapefruit are well-adapted to arid and warm climatic conditions, but well-irrigated trees usually produce better-quality fruits. Because water is a major component of the fruits, there is a strong relationship between drought stress and fruits quality traits such as fruits size, external fruits color, and juice quality. The object of this study was to develop a computer model to predict postharvest external grapefruit color as a function of drought stress. During model development, drought stress was quantified using a concise water balance model based on crop evapotranspiration, precipitation, and irrigation. Data collected from Murcia, Spain, during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons were used for model development, and the model was optimized by comparing model predictions and observations for each growing season. The root mean square error and Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency ( NSE ) were used to evaluate model performance. Then, the model was evaluated with independent data collected from Florida during the 2005–06 growing season. A second-order polynomial relationship was found between external fruits color and drought stress, with less drought stress resulting in better external fruits color. Model optimization revealed good model performance for predicting external fruits color in Murcia, with NSE values of 0.975 and 0.979 for the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons, respectively. Model evaluation with the data from Florida showed that model predictions were reliable, with a NSE value of 0.984. A robust model to predict external grapefruit color as affected by drought stress was developed during the present study and could be potentially applied to supply information for suitable irrigation management of various grapefruit cultivars grown under different climatic conditions. Model performance could be confirmed by future research with data collection during further multiple seasons for different cultivars and a range of climatic conditions.
{"title":"Modeling of Grapefruit External Color as Affected by Drought Stress","authors":"Congmu Zhang, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Mark A. Ritenour, Juan Gabriel Perez-Perez, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Steven A. Sargent","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17386-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17386-23","url":null,"abstract":"Grapefruit are well-adapted to arid and warm climatic conditions, but well-irrigated trees usually produce better-quality fruits. Because water is a major component of the fruits, there is a strong relationship between drought stress and fruits quality traits such as fruits size, external fruits color, and juice quality. The object of this study was to develop a computer model to predict postharvest external grapefruit color as a function of drought stress. During model development, drought stress was quantified using a concise water balance model based on crop evapotranspiration, precipitation, and irrigation. Data collected from Murcia, Spain, during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons were used for model development, and the model was optimized by comparing model predictions and observations for each growing season. The root mean square error and Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency ( NSE ) were used to evaluate model performance. Then, the model was evaluated with independent data collected from Florida during the 2005–06 growing season. A second-order polynomial relationship was found between external fruits color and drought stress, with less drought stress resulting in better external fruits color. Model optimization revealed good model performance for predicting external fruits color in Murcia, with NSE values of 0.975 and 0.979 for the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons, respectively. Model evaluation with the data from Florida showed that model predictions were reliable, with a NSE value of 0.984. A robust model to predict external grapefruit color as affected by drought stress was developed during the present study and could be potentially applied to supply information for suitable irrigation management of various grapefruit cultivars grown under different climatic conditions. Model performance could be confirmed by future research with data collection during further multiple seasons for different cultivars and a range of climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"227 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17325-23
Lloyd Nackley, Dalyn McCauley, Carolyn Scagel
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are water-soluble pellets of homo- or heterogenous mineral nutrients covered with polymer or resin that become increasingly porous as temperature increases, releasing water-soluble fertilizer through diffusion. An experiment was carried out at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center located in Aurora, OR, USA (lat. 45°16′51″N, long. 122°45′04″W) with six fertilizer concentrations of a CRF fertilizer that was designed to last 6 to 7 months at 70 °F. During the experiment, the Pacific Northwest experienced a series of early-summer (June) heatwaves that caused an unanticipated and excessive release of mineral salts. Extreme weather adaptation strategies are necessary to sustain horticultural production in a period with increased temperature volatility.
{"title":"Hot Mess: Heatwave Effects on Controlled-release Fertilizer","authors":"Lloyd Nackley, Dalyn McCauley, Carolyn Scagel","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17325-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17325-23","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are water-soluble pellets of homo- or heterogenous mineral nutrients covered with polymer or resin that become increasingly porous as temperature increases, releasing water-soluble fertilizer through diffusion. An experiment was carried out at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center located in Aurora, OR, USA (lat. 45°16′51″N, long. 122°45′04″W) with six fertilizer concentrations of a CRF fertilizer that was designed to last 6 to 7 months at 70 °F. During the experiment, the Pacific Northwest experienced a series of early-summer (June) heatwaves that caused an unanticipated and excessive release of mineral salts. Extreme weather adaptation strategies are necessary to sustain horticultural production in a period with increased temperature volatility.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"364 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17289-23
Young Soon Kwon, Jeong Hee Kim, Jong Taek Park, Soon IL Kwon, Cheol Choi
{"title":"‘Summer King’: an Early Maturing Apple Cultivar in Korea","authors":"Young Soon Kwon, Jeong Hee Kim, Jong Taek Park, Soon IL Kwon, Cheol Choi","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17289-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17289-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"27 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.58.9s.s1
This supplement contains the Abstracts of Presentations from American Society of Horticultural Science 2023 Annual Conference
本增刊包含美国园艺科学学会2023年年会报告摘要
{"title":"Abstracts of Presentations from American Society of Horticultural Science 2023 Annual Conference","authors":"","doi":"10.21273/hortsci.58.9s.s1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.58.9s.s1","url":null,"abstract":"This supplement contains the Abstracts of Presentations from American Society of Horticultural Science 2023 Annual Conference","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17337-23
Lior Rubinovich, Carmit Sofer-Arad, Simon Chernoivanov, Nitzan Szenes
Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high commercial value and increasing global demand. Most avocado cultivars are vulnerable to cold climates, which may reduce yields and restrict their geographical expansion. This includes the green-skinned avocado cultivar Pinkerton, which accounts for 45% of the avocado cultivated in northeastern Israel. Shading nets can protect agricultural crops from cold environments. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of covering mature ‘Pinkerton’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter. Trees were covered with silver-colored 50% or 70% shading nets during three consecutive winters, and uncovered trees served as controls. Photosynthetically active radiation in plots covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was significantly lower than that for the control by 52% and 90%, respectively. The minimum air temperature was similar between treatments. The maximum air temperature was generally lower under the shading nets compared with that of the control. The ratios of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) measured in February 2019 and February 2020 were 0.72 and 0.8 for the control trees, 0.79 and 0.83 for the silver 50% trees, and 0.81 and 0.84 for the silver 70% trees, respectively. Flowering intensity of the net-covered trees was lower than that of the control by up to 42%. Interestingly, the 3-year average yield of trees covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was insignificantly higher by 27% and 38%, respectively, compared with the control trees. These results suggest that the reduction of daytime solar irradiance in the winter by the shading nets may mitigate adverse effects of cold and increase yield. Additional long-term studies should examine the effects of shading nets and other shading strategies on different avocado cultivars.
牛油果(Persea americana Mill.)是一种具有很高商业价值的亚热带果树，全球需求量日益增加。大多数牛油果品种易受寒冷气候的影响，这可能会降低产量并限制其地理扩张。其中包括绿皮鳄梨品种Pinkerton，它占以色列东北部鳄梨种植总量的45%。遮阳网可以保护农作物免受寒冷环境的侵害。因此，我们评估了在冬季用高密度遮阳网覆盖成熟“平克顿”树的效果。在连续三个冬季，树木被覆盖50%或70%的银色遮阳网，并将未覆盖的树木作为对照。50%和70%银网覆盖小区的光合有效辐射分别显著低于对照52%和90%。不同处理间的最低气温相近。遮阳网下的最高气温普遍低于对照。2019年2月和2020年2月测定的可变荧光与最大荧光之比(Fv/Fm)，对照树分别为0.72和0.8，银色50%树为0.79和0.83，银色70%树为0.81和0.84。网覆树木的开花强度比对照降低了42%。有趣的是，与对照树相比，覆盖50%或70%银网的树的3年平均产量分别提高了27%和38%。这些结果表明，遮阳网可以减少冬季白天的太阳辐照度，减轻寒冷的不利影响，提高产量。额外的长期研究应该检查遮阳网和其他遮阳策略对不同鳄梨品种的影响。
{"title":"Effects of Covering Mature Avocado ‘Pinkerton’ Trees with High-density Shading Nets during Cold Winters on Microclimate, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Flowering, and Yield","authors":"Lior Rubinovich, Carmit Sofer-Arad, Simon Chernoivanov, Nitzan Szenes","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17337-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17337-23","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high commercial value and increasing global demand. Most avocado cultivars are vulnerable to cold climates, which may reduce yields and restrict their geographical expansion. This includes the green-skinned avocado cultivar Pinkerton, which accounts for 45% of the avocado cultivated in northeastern Israel. Shading nets can protect agricultural crops from cold environments. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of covering mature ‘Pinkerton’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter. Trees were covered with silver-colored 50% or 70% shading nets during three consecutive winters, and uncovered trees served as controls. Photosynthetically active radiation in plots covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was significantly lower than that for the control by 52% and 90%, respectively. The minimum air temperature was similar between treatments. The maximum air temperature was generally lower under the shading nets compared with that of the control. The ratios of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) measured in February 2019 and February 2020 were 0.72 and 0.8 for the control trees, 0.79 and 0.83 for the silver 50% trees, and 0.81 and 0.84 for the silver 70% trees, respectively. Flowering intensity of the net-covered trees was lower than that of the control by up to 42%. Interestingly, the 3-year average yield of trees covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was insignificantly higher by 27% and 38%, respectively, compared with the control trees. These results suggest that the reduction of daytime solar irradiance in the winter by the shading nets may mitigate adverse effects of cold and increase yield. Additional long-term studies should examine the effects of shading nets and other shading strategies on different avocado cultivars.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.21273/hortsci17335-23
Lu Zhang, Amandeep Kaur, Yanwei Sun, Louise Ferguson
Spring freeze is among the problems threatening pecan bloom and production. Pecan tree height and structure make them difficult to protect from spring freezes. Some cultivars can compensate because the secondary buds can produce healthy flowers if the primary buds freeze. The mechanism that precipitates secondary budbreak is unknown. Our results show a correlation between successful secondary budbreak and 1-year-old shoot carbohydrate levels. ‘Kanza’ and ‘Pawnee’, with the higher secondary budburst, also had higher carbohydrate levels than ‘Maramec’. This suggests higher carbohydrate levels in the bud-bearing 1-year-old shoots promote successful secondary bud burst after spring freeze destruction of the primary buds.
{"title":"Do Nonstructural Carbohydrates Contribute to Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Secondary Budburst?","authors":"Lu Zhang, Amandeep Kaur, Yanwei Sun, Louise Ferguson","doi":"10.21273/hortsci17335-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17335-23","url":null,"abstract":"Spring freeze is among the problems threatening pecan bloom and production. Pecan tree height and structure make them difficult to protect from spring freezes. Some cultivars can compensate because the secondary buds can produce healthy flowers if the primary buds freeze. The mechanism that precipitates secondary budbreak is unknown. Our results show a correlation between successful secondary budbreak and 1-year-old shoot carbohydrate levels. ‘Kanza’ and ‘Pawnee’, with the higher secondary budburst, also had higher carbohydrate levels than ‘Maramec’. This suggests higher carbohydrate levels in the bud-bearing 1-year-old shoots promote successful secondary bud burst after spring freeze destruction of the primary buds.","PeriodicalId":13140,"journal":{"name":"Hortscience","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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