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Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Timing on Short-day Onion Production 氮肥用量和施肥时间对短日照洋葱产量的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05323-23
Hanna Ibiapina de Jesus, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva, B. Dutta, T. Coolong
Onions (Allium cepa) are typically planted late fall and harvested in spring in the Vidalia, GA, USA, region. Onions grown here are renowned for their for sweetness and are marketed to consumers as Vidalia onions. High rainfall during the relatively long growing season (4 to 5 months) may result in nitrogen (N) leaching during production. Therefore, fertilizer applications are usually aligned with stages of crop development to ensure nutrient availability for the entire season. Although the impacts of N application rate have been previously investigated for Vidalia onion production, the optimal timing for the final N application of the season has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal timing of the last fertilizer N application (at bulb initiation, during bulb growth, or during bulb maturation) in conjunction with the impact of three N application rates (75, 105, and 135 lb/acre N) on yield and quality in Vidalia onion. Soil N levels were affected by N rate, year, and onion growth stage. In 2020, up to 135 lb/acre N was required to maximize onion yields, and in 2021, onion yields were unchanged among N fertilizer treatments. Final N applications at bulb initiation resulted in greater yields than applications made during bulb growth or bulb maturation. In addition, as the N rate increased and the time of final application occurred later in bulb development, pungency values increased. Incidence of sour skin (Burkholderia cepacia) and center rot (Pantoea sp.) diseases were greater in 2020 compared with 2021 and seemed to be affected by environmental conditions more than N fertilization.
在美国佐治亚州维达利亚地区,洋葱(Allium cepa)通常在秋末种植,春季收获。这里种植的洋葱以甜度高而闻名,在市场上以维达利亚洋葱销售给消费者。在相对较长的生长期(4 到 5 个月)内降雨量较多,可能会导致氮(N)在生产过程中流失。因此,施肥通常与作物生长阶段相一致,以确保整个生长季的养分供应。虽然以前曾研究过施氮量对维达利亚洋葱生产的影响,但尚未确定当季最后一次施氮的最佳时间。本研究的目的是确定最后一次施肥施氮的最佳时机(鳞茎萌发期、鳞茎生长期或鳞茎成熟期)以及三种施氮量(75、105 和 135 磅/英亩)对维达利亚洋葱产量和质量的影响。土壤氮含量受施氮量、年份和洋葱生长阶段的影响。在 2020 年,要使洋葱产量最大化,每英亩需施用高达 135 磅的氮,而在 2021 年,不同氮肥处理的洋葱产量没有变化。与在鳞茎生长期或鳞茎成熟期施肥相比,在鳞茎萌发期施用最终氮肥可获得更高的产量。此外,随着氮肥施用量的增加和在鳞茎发育后期最终施用氮肥,辛辣值也会增加。与 2021 年相比,2020 年的酸皮病(伯克霍尔德氏菌)和中心腐烂病(盘孢菌)的发病率更高,似乎受环境条件的影响大于氮肥的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a Web-based Pistachio Nut Growth Prediction System for Orchard Management 为果园管理开发基于网络的开心果生长预测系统
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05270-23
Lu Zhang, Louise Ferguson, Liyu Ying, Andy Lyons, Emilio Laca, Y. Ampatzidis
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引用次数: 0
Job Analysis of Korean Horticultural Therapists for Developing Specialized Training Using Developing a Curriculum Method 韩国园艺治疗师的工作分析,利用开发课程法开展专业培训
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05301-23
Kyu Jin Kang, A-Young Lee, Sin-Ae Park
To align with global trends and the swift pace of technological advancements, it is imperative to consistently update the professional standards and curriculum for horticultural therapists to meet evolving professional demands. This study used the developing a curriculum (DACUM) method to analyze the tasks and duties of Korean horticultural therapists and subsequently tailor a specialized training program for them. First, 11 experts in the horticultural therapy field participated in workshops to develop a DACUM chart that included the definitions, tasks, knowledge, skills, and attitudes of horticultural therapists. A job performance evaluation survey for horticultural therapists was also developed through these workshops. The 300 participants of the online survey were members of the Korea Horticultural Therapy and Welfare Association. The survey consisted of a 5-point Likert scale of the current performance level and future requirement level for each qualification grade. Demographic information and responses to each question were computed using a frequency analysis and percentages, grade-specific task performance evaluations comprised a one-way batch analysis of variance, and statistical significance levels were set to P < 0.05. The horticulture professional curriculum was based on competencies derived from the job analysis and online conferences with 10 professionals who participated in the DACUM workshops. The job analysis results revealed six duties with a total of 32 tasks. The results of the job performance evaluation showed that there was a great demand for the development of their convergence capabilities. Accordingly, in response to these results, new interdisciplinary convergence fields such as horticultural therapy and science (information technology), horticultural therapy, and humanities education were introduced into the specialized training. The results of this study will be valuable for improving the skills and expertise of horticulture therapists to meet social needs.
为了适应全球趋势和技术进步的迅猛发展,必须不断更新园艺治疗师的专业标准和课程,以满足不断变化的专业需求。本研究采用开发课程(DACUM)的方法分析了韩国园艺治疗师的任务和职责,随后为他们量身定制了专门的培训课程。首先,11 位园艺治疗领域的专家参加了研讨会,制定了一份 DACUM 图表,其中包括园艺治疗师的定义、任务、知识、技能和态度。通过这些研讨会,还制定了园艺治疗师工作绩效评估调查表。参加在线调查的 300 人都是韩国园艺治疗和福利协会的会员。调查内容包括每个资格等级的当前绩效水平和未来要求水平的 5 点李克特量表。人口统计学信息和对每个问题的回答均采用频数分析和百分比计算,针对具体等级的任务绩效评价采用单向批量方差分析,统计显著性水平设定为 P < 0.05。园艺专业课程基于工作分析和与参加 DACUM 研讨班的 10 位专业人员在线会议得出的能力。工作分析结果显示有六项职责,共 32 项任务。工作绩效评估的结果表明,对其融合能力的发展有很大的需求。因此,针对这些结果,在专业培训中引入了园艺疗法和科学(信息技术)、园艺疗法和人文教育等新的跨学科融合领域。本研究的成果将对提高园艺治疗师的技能和专业知识以满足社会需求具有重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
United States Consumers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Environmental Practices in a Retail Floral Provider’s Business Model 美国消费者对零售花卉供应商商业模式中可持续环境实践的看法和支付意愿
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05324-23
Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek, James DelPrince
Research suggests consumers are willing to pay a premium for goods from industries that design products using environmentally sound practices and that these practices lead to customer loyalty. Using environmentally friendly practices can differentiate a business from competitors through branding, which has been known to help increase profit margins and stimulate demand in a saturated market. The main purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of consumer perceptions and willingness to pay as they relate to retail floral providers’ sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. A total of 2172 people responded to an online survey. The sample used in this study was a random selection of individuals 18 years and older living in the United States. Survey responses were collected from 21 Dec 2022 to 27 Jan 2023. Respondents indicated the use of locally sourced flowers followed by the recycling of flower waste through composting as the two sustainable attributes that would increase their willingness to make purchases the most. Respondents indicated the strongest willingness to pay 10% or more for locally sourced flowers (61.7%), followed by flower providers composting their floral waste (59.5%). In addition, 50% or more of all respondents indicated a willingness to pay 10% or more for all the sustainable attributes for which they were asked. The methods in which retail floral providers source floral material, create floral designs, and market and brand their company are important considerations when promoting their services toward environmentally conscious consumers and in creating a valuable repeat customer base.
研究表明,消费者愿意为那些采用环保方法设计产品的企业的产品支付溢价,而且这些方法会提高客户的忠诚度。采用环保做法可以通过品牌塑造使企业与竞争对手区分开来,众所周知,这有助于提高利润率,刺激饱和市场的需求。本研究的主要目的是了解消费者对零售花卉供应商的可持续环保做法的看法和支付意愿。共有 2172 人回复了在线调查。本研究使用的样本是随机抽取的居住在美国的 18 岁及以上的个人。调查回复的收集时间为 2022 年 12 月 21 日至 2023 年 1 月 27 日。受访者表示,使用本地采购的鲜花和通过堆肥回收鲜花废弃物是最能提高他们购买意愿的两个可持续属性。受访者表示最愿意为本地采购的鲜花支付 10%或更多的费用(61.7%),其次是鲜花供应商将花卉废弃物堆肥处理(59.5%)。此外,50%或更多的受访者表示愿意为所有可持续属性支付 10%或更多的费用。零售花卉供应商采购花卉材料、设计花卉以及营销和打造公司品牌的方法,是向具有环保意识的消费者推广其服务和创造有价值的回头客的重要考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
Thank You HortTechnology Peer Reviewers 2023 感谢《2023 年园艺技术》同行评审员
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech341reviewers
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引用次数: 0
Effects of an Informal Place-based Educational Program on Knowledge and Perceptions of Invasive Species Management 基于地方的非正式教育计划对入侵物种管理知识和观念的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05276-23
Ariane E. McClendon, T. M. Waliczek, Christopher Serenari, Paula S. Williamson
Invasive species can generate negative impacts environmentally, socially, and economically. The interplay between human and natural systems renders management a complex problem that must be addressed by decision-makers. Perceptions of invasive species issues varies depending on an individual’s access to information. Although invasive species and their management are often discussed in formal higher education, not all members of the population have access to a formal educational setting. Informal educational experiences may be a mechanism to reach out to community members in a more accessible and perhaps engaging way than traditional higher education classroom experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an informal, place-based educational program on perceptions and knowledge of invasive species and their management within the community. Place-based education is a pedagogy connection local places with intimate knowledge of the systems, processes, and outcomes that give it meaning to human and non-human species. First, we organized and administered short walks in two central Texas, USA, parks with conversational lessons and hands-on learning experiences. Second, we administered a follow-up retrospective-reflective survey to measure participants’ knowledge and perceptions of invasive species management and postwalk/lesson changes in them. We also compared between the treatment group of participants versus a control group within the community who did not participate in the informal lessons. Fifty-two people participated in both the educational program walks and testing over the course of 1 year, and 63 people were included in the follow-up retrospective-reflective survey control group. Results indicate a statistically significant positive change in knowledge and perception categories within the treatment group. Post hoc results indicate a positive change in knowledge and perceptions in our sample as a function of treatment group members’ age and income, respectively. The methodology used in this study was simple and inexpensive. Hence, our approach could be easily replicated in other areas to educate community members.
入侵物种会对环境、社会和经济造成负面影响。人类与自然系统之间的相互作用使管理成为一个复杂的问题,决策者必须加以解决。对入侵物种问题的认识因个人获取信息的渠道而异。虽然入侵物种及其管理问题经常在正规高等教育中讨论,但并非所有人都有机会接受正规教育。与传统的高等教育课堂教学相比,非正式的教育体验可能是一种更容易接触到社区成员的机制,而且可能更有吸引力。本研究的目的是确定一个非正式的、以地方为基础的教育项目对社区内人们对入侵物种及其管理的看法和知识的影响。基于地方的教育是一种连接地方的教学法,对系统、过程和结果有深入的了解,这赋予了它对人类和非人类物种的意义。首先,我们在美国得克萨斯州中部的两个公园组织并开展了短途徒步活动,通过对话课程和实践学习体验来进行。其次,我们进行了一项后续回顾性调查,以衡量参与者对入侵物种管理的认识和看法,以及他们在徒步旅行/课程后的变化。我们还比较了治疗组参与者与社区内未参加非正式课程的对照组之间的差异。在一年的时间里,有 52 人参加了教育项目行走和测试,63 人被纳入了后续回顾-反思调查对照组。结果表明,治疗组在知识和认知类别上都发生了统计学意义上的积极变化。事后分析结果表明,我们的样本中,知识和观念的积极变化分别与治疗组成员的年龄和收入有关。本研究采用的方法简单、成本低廉。因此,我们的方法很容易在其他地区推广,以教育社区成员。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic Differences in United States Consumers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Environmental Practices in the Floral Industry 美国消费者对花卉业可持续环保做法的看法和支付意愿的人口统计学差异
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05325-23
Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek, James DelPrince
Consumers have become increasingly concerned about the environmental standards of industries from which they purchase products. Because consumers’ environmental concerns are increasingly becoming part of their purchasing decisions, industries have begun to restructure their business model to one that is more environmentally sustainable. Studies have indicated consumers’ actions and motivations for purchasing sustainable products vary based on consumer demographics. The main purpose of this study was to compare the differences in consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay as they relate to retail floral providers’ sustainable and environmentally sound practices based on demographic traits. A total of 2172 people responded to an online survey. The sample used in this study was a random selection of individuals 18 years of age or older living in the United States. Survey responses were collected from 21 Dec 2022 to 27 Jan 2023. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance and post hoc tests as well as descriptive and frequency statistics. Results indicated there was a difference in the way respondents answered the survey questions based on demographics. Respondents 34 years of age or younger with college experience indicated the most willingness to make purchases and pay premiums from floral providers that incorporate sustainable attributes into their business model. Males indicated a stronger willingness to shop at a floral provider based on several of the environmental statements when compared with other genders. The results provide evidence of the value of the integration of sustainability practices into the business model of floral providers to make it more competitive.
消费者越来越关注他们购买产品的行业的环保标准。由于消费者对环境的关注日益成为其购买决策的一部分,各行业已开始调整其商业模式,使之更加注重环境的可持续发展。研究表明,消费者购买可持续产品的行动和动机因消费者的人口结构而异。本研究的主要目的是比较不同人口特征的消费者对零售花卉供应商的可持续和环保做法的看法和支付意愿的差异。共有 2172 人回复了在线调查。本研究使用的样本是随机抽取的居住在美国的 18 岁或以上的个人。调查回复的收集时间为 2022 年 12 月 21 日至 2023 年 1 月 27 日。数据分析采用方差分析、事后检验以及描述性统计和频率统计。结果显示,受访者回答调查问题的方式因人口统计学特征而有所不同。34 岁或以下、有大学经历的受访者表示,他们最愿意从将可持续属性纳入其商业模式的花卉供应商处购买产品并支付保费。与其他性别的受访者相比,男性受访者更愿意根据几项环保声明在花卉供应商处购物。这些结果证明,将可持续发展实践融入花卉供应商的商业模式中,可使其更具竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Tomato Seedling Performance in Commercial Organic Growing Media 番茄幼苗在商用有机种植介质中的表现
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05244-23
Elizabeth T. Maynard, Wenjing Guan, Petrus Langenhoven, Lori Hoagland
Healthy transplants are critical to productivity in the field. For certified organic production in the United States, seedlings must be grown in media that meet the standards of the US Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Many commercial organic media options are available, they vary substantially in composition, and it is unknown to what extent this influences seedling performance. This project compared tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling emergence and growth in seven commercially available media for organic production and evaluated posttransplant performance. Tomato seedlings were grown in greenhouses at Wanatah, West Lafayette, and Vincennes, IN, USA. Chemical characteristics of the media measured in saturated media extract ranged as follows: pH 5.2–7.5; electrical conductivity (EC) 0.79–4.68 dS·m−1; 1–332 ppm nitrate-nitrogen, 5–69 ppm phosphorus, 41–451 ppm potassium, 78–714 ppm calcium, and 25–121 ppm magnesium. Higher media EC was associated with slower and less uniform seedling emergence and reduced total emergence. Seedling aboveground dry weights were significantly greater in media that contained compost. Relative performance in media containing compost varied across trials. The aboveground dry weight of tomato seedlings 4 weeks after transplanting did not differ for seedlings started in the five compost-based media, and those plants were significantly larger than plants started in the two media without compost. Larger plants tended to flower and set fruit earlier. Media testing protocols that predict nutrient supply over the production cycle could likely improve management in organic transplant production.
健康的秧苗对田间生产至关重要。在美国,要进行认证的有机生产,秧苗必须在符合美国农业部国家有机计划标准的培养基中生长。目前有许多商业有机培养基可供选择,但它们的成分差异很大,而这在多大程度上影响了幼苗的表现还不得而知。本项目比较了番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)幼苗在七种市售有机生产培养基中的出苗和生长情况,并评估了移栽后的表现。番茄幼苗在美国印第安纳州瓦纳塔、西拉法叶和文森的温室中生长。在饱和培养基提取物中测量的培养基化学特性如下:pH 值 5.2-7.5;电导率(EC)0.79-4.68 dS-m-1;硝酸盐氮 1-332 ppm,磷 5-69 ppm,钾 41-451 ppm,钙 78-714 ppm,镁 25-121 ppm。培养基导电率越高,出苗越慢、越不均匀,总出苗率越低。在含有堆肥的培养基中,幼苗的地上部分干重明显增加。含有堆肥的培养基在不同试验中的相对表现各不相同。番茄幼苗移栽 4 周后的地上部干重与在五种堆肥培养基中育苗的幼苗没有差异,而且这些植株明显比在两种不含堆肥的培养基中育苗的植株大。植株较大的番茄往往会更早开花结果。能预测生产周期中养分供应情况的培养基测试协议很可能会改善有机移植生产的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic Differences in United States Consumers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Environmental Practices in the Floral Industry 美国消费者对花卉业可持续环保做法的看法和支付意愿的人口统计学差异
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05325-23
Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek, James DelPrince
Consumers have become increasingly concerned about the environmental standards of industries from which they purchase products. Because consumers’ environmental concerns are increasingly becoming part of their purchasing decisions, industries have begun to restructure their business model to one that is more environmentally sustainable. Studies have indicated consumers’ actions and motivations for purchasing sustainable products vary based on consumer demographics. The main purpose of this study was to compare the differences in consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay as they relate to retail floral providers’ sustainable and environmentally sound practices based on demographic traits. A total of 2172 people responded to an online survey. The sample used in this study was a random selection of individuals 18 years of age or older living in the United States. Survey responses were collected from 21 Dec 2022 to 27 Jan 2023. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance and post hoc tests as well as descriptive and frequency statistics. Results indicated there was a difference in the way respondents answered the survey questions based on demographics. Respondents 34 years of age or younger with college experience indicated the most willingness to make purchases and pay premiums from floral providers that incorporate sustainable attributes into their business model. Males indicated a stronger willingness to shop at a floral provider based on several of the environmental statements when compared with other genders. The results provide evidence of the value of the integration of sustainability practices into the business model of floral providers to make it more competitive.
消费者越来越关注他们购买产品的行业的环保标准。由于消费者对环境的关注日益成为其购买决策的一部分,各行业已开始调整其商业模式,使之更加注重环境的可持续发展。研究表明,消费者购买可持续产品的行动和动机因消费者的人口结构而异。本研究的主要目的是比较不同人口特征的消费者对零售花卉供应商的可持续和环保做法的看法和支付意愿的差异。共有 2172 人回复了在线调查。本研究使用的样本是随机抽取的居住在美国的 18 岁或以上的个人。调查回复的收集时间为 2022 年 12 月 21 日至 2023 年 1 月 27 日。数据分析采用方差分析、事后检验以及描述性统计和频率统计。结果显示,受访者回答调查问题的方式因人口统计学特征而有所不同。34 岁或以下、有大学经历的受访者表示,他们最愿意从将可持续属性纳入其商业模式的花卉供应商处购买产品并支付保费。与其他性别的受访者相比,男性受访者更愿意根据几项环保声明在花卉供应商处购物。这些结果证明,将可持续发展实践融入花卉供应商的商业模式中,可使其更具竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Watermelon Production under Protected Culture in Missouri, USA, to Reach the Local Fourth of July Market 美国密苏里州通过保护性栽培生产西瓜,打入当地国庆节市场
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05283-23
Ramón A. Arancibia, Kathi Mecham, Joni Harper, Cheryl Recker
Eating watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a traditional part of the Fourth of July holidays in the United States; however, growing watermelon in Missouri, USA for the local Fourth of July market requires an early growing season start (beginning of April) under protected culture because of low temperatures and the risk of freezing. Therefore, ‘Yellow Doll’ watermelon production was investigated under low tunnel (LT) and caterpillar high tunnel [HT (walk-in movable two-row tunnel)], and the economic feasibility was assessed by marginal analysis for both protected cultures. Planting in early April allowed harvest to start 1 to 2 weeks before the target market date. In addition, yield increased under HT in comparison with LT and open field (Op). Marginal analysis under the conditions of this study and prices obtained from local farmers’ markets showed a positive marginal rate of return for HT in comparison with the control Op. The marginal rate of return sensitivity study suggests that differences in marketable yield of 300–400 and 200–250 lb/1200 ft2 are necessary under HT and LT, respectively, for the protected culture to be economically feasible with watermelon prices above $0.75/lb and/or $1.00/lb as obtained in local farmers’ markets. Therefore, it is possible and there is potential to produce watermelon under protected culture for the local Fourth of July market. A gain in market share with potential premium prices for watermelon may increase the sustainability of small and medium-size specialty crop farmers in Missouri. To accomplish this, it is necessary to use early cultivars (70 to 80 days to maturity), plant in early April with transplants grown in greenhouses, and make sure to manage tunnels properly to maintain favorable growing conditions, protect against freezing temperatures and ensuring good pollination.
吃西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)是美国7月4日假期的传统组成部分;然而,在美国密苏里州为当地7月4日的市场种植西瓜需要在保护文化下提前开始生长季节(4月初),因为低温和冻结的风险。因此,研究了“黄娃娃”西瓜在低隧道(LT)和履带式高隧道(HT)下的生产情况,并通过边际分析对两种保护栽培的经济可行性进行了评估。在4月初播种,可以在目标市场日期前1到2周开始收获。此外,与旱地和裸地相比,高温处理下产量增加(Op)。本研究条件下的边际分析和从当地农贸市场获得的价格表明,与对照相比,高温处理的边际收益率为正。边际收益率敏感性研究表明,在高温处理和低温处理下,市场产量分别达到300-400磅和200-250磅/1200平方英尺是必要的。保护栽培在经济上可行,西瓜在当地农贸市场的价格高于0.75美元/磅和/或1.00美元/磅。因此,在保护栽培下生产西瓜是可能的,也有潜力为当地的7月4日市场提供西瓜。市场份额的增加和西瓜潜在的溢价可能会增加密苏里州中小型特种作物农民的可持续性。为了实现这一目标,有必要使用早期品种(70至80天成熟),在4月初在温室中种植移栽,并确保适当管理隧道,以保持有利的生长条件,防止冰冻温度并确保良好的授粉。
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引用次数: 0
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