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Citizen Science and Urban Home Gardeners’ Attitudes Toward Gardening 公民科学与城市家庭园丁的园艺态度
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05320-23
Catherine G. Campbell, Daniela Perez Lugones, Celina Gómez
Citizen science is a participatory research method that enlists community members as scientists to collect data at a scale that would not be possible for researchers on their own and in research contexts that are difficult for researchers to reach. Although the contribution of citizen science to scientific data collection is well-known, a new area of research investigates the impact that citizen science programs have on the citizen scientists. Gardening can support healthy dietary patterns, food access, and food system resilience in urban communities. Leveraging home gardening can be a good way for cooperative extension and community groups to support the health and wellbeing of their community members. However, to reap the health and community benefits of gardening, individuals need to adopt the behavior of gardening. In this study, researchers from University of Florida conducted a home gardening citizen science program between Mar 2022 and Jul 2022 for the purpose of assessing whether participating in a citizen science home gardening program increases the likelihood of participants’ future home gardening. Researchers used a matched pretest and posttest evaluation design to assess whether participation in this program affected the citizen scientists’ (n = 112) beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of home gardening. Citizen science program participants improved their attitudes and beliefs about home gardening but had limited improvement in their self-efficacy about home gardening after participation in the program. A 1-year follow-up survey found that program participants had adopted new gardening behaviors and reported benefits of participating in the program beyond gardening. These results highlight the value of citizen science to facilitate intentions to home garden and show the importance of information and program support to ensure the success of program participants.
公民科学是一种参与式研究方法,它让社区成员作为科学家,在研究人员难以到达的研究环境中,以研究人员自身无法达到的规模收集数据。尽管公民科学对科学数据收集的贡献众所周知,但一个新的研究领域是调查公民科学计划对公民科学家的影响。园艺可以支持城市社区的健康饮食模式、食物获取和食物系统复原力。对于合作推广和社区团体来说,利用家庭园艺可以很好地支持社区成员的健康和福祉。然而,要想从园艺中获得健康和社区益处,个人需要养成园艺行为。在这项研究中,佛罗里达大学的研究人员在 2022 年 3 月至 2022 年 7 月期间开展了一项家庭园艺公民科学计划,目的是评估参与公民科学家庭园艺计划是否会增加参与者未来进行家庭园艺的可能性。研究人员采用了匹配的前测和后测评估设计,以评估参与该计划是否会影响公民科学家(n = 112)对家庭园艺的信念、态度和看法。公民科学计划的参与者在参与计划后改善了他们对家庭园艺的态度和信念,但对家庭园艺的自我效能感改善有限。为期一年的跟踪调查发现,该计划的参与者采用了新的园艺行为,并报告了参与该计划带来的园艺以外的益处。这些结果凸显了公民科学在促进家庭园艺意向方面的价值,并显示了信息和计划支持对确保计划参与者成功的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Master Gardener Practices and Confidence in Responding to Clientele Questions about Home Food Preservation in Texas 评估德克萨斯州园艺大师在回答客户有关家庭食品保存问题时的做法和信心
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05352-23
Jenna D. Anding, Jayla Fry
Interest in home food preservation has grown, especially among those who grow their own produce. Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs) are trained to teach consumers how to produce fruits, vegetables, and herbs, but little is known about how often they are asked questions about how to preserve them or their ability to answer such questions. This study used an online survey to ask EMGs across Texas about their food preservation practices and the extent to which they are asked questions about home food preservation. We also assessed their perceived confidence in answering those questions using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not confident at all; 5 = very confident). Most (91%) of the 1875 EMGs who responded reported preserving food using one or more methods. More than half (n = 1034; 55%) had been asked questions about home food preservation, but their level of confidence in answering those questions ranged from a high of 3.1 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD) for freezing fruits and vegetables to a low of 1.6 ± 1.1 for pressure canning low-acid foods. Interest in learning more about home food preservation was high, especially regarding safe practices and recipes, drying herbs, freezing fruits and vegetables, and canning salsa and tomato products. The results suggest that EMG training programs could benefit from including basic information about home food preservation, especially sources of reliable information and recipes.
人们对家庭食品保存的兴趣与日俱增,尤其是那些自己种植农产品的人。推广园艺大师(EMGs)接受过培训,可以教消费者如何生产水果、蔬菜和香草,但人们对他们被问及如何保存这些食物的频率或回答这些问题的能力知之甚少。本研究采用在线调查的方式,向得克萨斯州各地的环境监测人员询问他们的食品保存方法,以及他们在多大程度上会被问及有关家庭食品保存的问题。我们还使用 5 点李克特量表(1 = 完全没有信心;5 = 非常有信心)评估了他们对回答这些问题的信心。在回答问题的 1875 名 EMG 中,大多数(91%)表示使用了一种或多种方法保存食物。半数以上(n = 1034;55%)的人曾被问及有关家庭食品保存的问题,但他们回答这些问题的信心水平从对冷冻水果和蔬菜的 3.1 ± 1.3(平均值 ± SD)到对压力罐装低酸食品的 1.6 ± 1.1(平均值 ± SD)不等。学习更多家庭食品保存知识的兴趣很高,尤其是关于安全做法和食谱、干燥香草、冷冻水果和蔬菜以及制作辣调味汁和番茄制品罐头的知识。研究结果表明,在 EMG 培训计划中加入有关家庭食品保存的基本信息,特别是可靠信息的来源和食谱,会使培训计划受益匪浅。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Plant Density on Mechanical Harvest Efficiency of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile Pepper 植物密度对新墨西哥州荚果型绿智利辣椒机械收获效率的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05380-23
Israel Joukhadar, C. Havlik, Stephanie Walker
Summary.New Mexico green pod-type chile (Capsicum annuum) has significant importance as a vegetable crop. The cultivation and trade of New Mexico pod-type green chile are culturally significant within New Mexico (USA) and contribute to the state’s economy by providing income and employment to farmers and through supporting industries. However, because of the high cost and limited availability of labor, New Mexico pod-type green chile acreage has declined. Traditionally, New Mexico pod-type green chile is hand-harvested when the fruit are full-size but physiologically immature. To preserve and expand the production of New Mexico pod-type green chile, the adoption of mechanical harvest technologies is essential. In 2015 and 2016, experiments were conducted at New Mexico State University’s Los Lunas Agricultural Science Center (Los Lunas, NM, USA) to examine the effects of increased planting density on New Mexico pod-type green chile fruit size, plant architecture, and mechanical harvest efficiency. Two commercial New Mexico pod-type green chile cultivars, NuMex Joe E. Parker and AZ-1904, were direct-seeded on 17 Apr 2015 and 14 Apr 2016. On 11 Jun 2015 and 14 Jun 2016, three plant density treatments were implemented at 39,000 (high), 23,000 (medium), and 15,000 (standard) plants/acre. Before harvest, plant measurements, including height, width, height to first bifurcation, stem diameter, and number of lateral basal branches, were obtained. Plots were mechanically harvested using an inclined double helix harvester, and harvested material was sorted into marketable green fruit, machine-broken fruit, and nonpod plant material. Fruit measurements, including fruit weight, width, length, pericarp thickness, and number of locules, were obtained. Both cultivars exhibited a 9% increase in height to bifurcation accompanied by fewer basal branches grown at high density. Plant density did not significantly affect the fruit length, width, number of locules, and pericarp thickness. Plants grown at high density had an increased percentage of marketable fruit, with ‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’ having a higher percentage of marketable green fruit compared to ‘AZ-1904’. The results demonstrated that an increase in planting density in production fields to 39,000 plants/acre coupled with cultivar selection enhanced efficiency in a mechanical harvest system.
摘要.新墨西哥豆荚型青辣椒(Capsicum annuum)作为一种蔬菜作物具有重要意义。新墨西哥州豆荚型青辣椒的种植和贸易在新墨西哥州(美国)具有重要的文化意义,并通过为农民提供收入和就业以及辅助产业为该州的经济做出了贡献。然而,由于成本高昂和劳动力有限,新墨西哥州豆荚型青辣椒的种植面积有所减少。传统上,新墨西哥州豆荚型青辣椒是在果实成熟但生理未成熟时人工采收的。为了保护和扩大新墨西哥州豆荚型青辣椒的产量,采用机械收获技术至关重要。2015 年和 2016 年,在新墨西哥州立大学洛斯卢纳斯农业科学中心(美国新墨西哥州洛斯卢纳斯)进行了实验,研究增加种植密度对新墨西哥州豆荚型青辣椒果实大小、植株结构和机械采收效率的影响。2015 年 4 月 17 日和 2016 年 4 月 14 日,对 NuMex Joe E. Parker 和 AZ-1904 这两个商用新墨西哥豆荚型青辣椒栽培品种进行了直播。2015 年 6 月 11 日和 2016 年 6 月 14 日,分别实施了 39,000 株/英亩(高)、23,000 株/英亩(中)和 15,000 株/英亩(标准)三种植株密度处理。收获前,对植株进行了测量,包括高度、宽度、第一分叉高度、茎秆直径和基部侧枝数。使用倾斜式双螺旋收割机对地块进行机械收割,并将收割物分为可销售的绿色果实、机器破碎的果实和非荚果植物材料。对果实进行测量,包括果实重量、宽度、长度、果皮厚度和子房室数。两种栽培品种的分叉高度均增加了 9%,高密度种植时基部分枝较少。植株密度对果实的长度、宽度、子房室数量和果皮厚度没有明显影响。高密度种植的植株可上市果实的比例增加,与'AZ-1904'相比,'NuMex Joe E. Parker'可上市绿色果实的比例更高。结果表明,将生产田的种植密度提高到 39,000 株/英亩,再加上栽培品种的选择,可提高机械收获系统的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Timing Termination of a Biofumigant Cover Crop for Weed Suppression in Chile Pepper 为抑制智利辣椒杂草而选择生物熏蒸剂覆盖作物的终止时间
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05318-23
Akash Bajagain, E. Lehnhoff, Rebecca Creamer, Robert Steiner, B. Schutte
Overwinter mustard cover crops incorporated into soil may suppress early-season weeds in chile pepper (Capsicum annuum). However, the potential for mustard cover crops to harbor beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus) is a concern because beet leafhoppers transmit beet curly top virus to chile pepper. The objectives of this study were to determine the amounts of a biopesticidal compound (sinigrin) added to soil from ‘Caliente Rojo’ brown mustard (Brassica juncea) cover crops ended on three different days before beet leafhopper flights during spring and to determine the effects of the cover crop termination date on weed densities and hand-hoeing times for chile pepper. To address these objectives, a field study was conducted in southern New Mexico. In 2019–20, the cover crop was ended and incorporated into soil 45, 31, and 17 days before beet leafhopper flights. In 2020–21, cover crop termination occurred 36, 22, and 8 days before beet leafhopper flights. Treatments also included a no cover crop control. Cover crop biomass and sinigrin concentrations were determined at each termination. Chile pepper was seeded 28 days after the third termination date. Weed densities and hand-hoeing times were determined 28 and 56 days after chile pepper seeding. In 2019–20, the third termination (17 days before beet leafhopper flights) yielded the maximum cover crop biomass (820 g⋅m−2) and greatest sinigrin addition to soil (274 mmol⋅m−2). However, only the second termination (31 days before beet leafhopper flights) suppressed weeds in chile pepper. In 2020–21, the third termination (8 days before beet leafhopper flights) yielded the maximum cover crop biomass (591 g⋅m−2) and greatest sinigrin addition to soil (213 mmol⋅m−2), and it was the only treatment that suppressed weeds. No cover crop treatment reduced hand-hoeing times. These results indicate that overwinter mustard cover crops can be ended to evade beet leafhopper flights and suppress weeds in chile pepper.
在土壤中种植越冬芥菜覆盖作物可以抑制辣椒(Capsicum annuum)的早季杂草。然而,芥菜覆盖作物可能会滋生甜菜叶蝉(Circulifer tenellus),这是一个令人担忧的问题,因为甜菜叶蝉会将甜菜卷曲顶病毒传染给辣椒。本研究的目的是确定在春季甜菜叶蝉飞舞前三个不同日期结束的'Caliente Rojo'糙芥菜(Brassica juncea)覆盖作物土壤中生物杀虫化合物(sinigrin)的添加量,并确定覆盖作物终止日期对杂草密度和辣椒人工锄草时间的影响。为实现这些目标,在新墨西哥州南部开展了一项实地研究。2019-20 年,在甜菜叶蝉飞行前 45 天、31 天和 17 天结束覆盖作物并将其纳入土壤。2020-21 年,分别在甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 36 天、22 天和 8 天结束覆盖作物。处理还包括无覆盖作物对照。在每次终止时测定覆盖作物的生物量和 sinigrin 浓度。智利胡椒在第三个终止日期后 28 天播种。在智利胡椒播种 28 天和 56 天后测定杂草密度和人工锄草时间。2019-20 年,第三个终止日期(甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 17 天)产生的覆盖作物生物量最大(820 克-米-2),土壤中的莽草素添加量最大(274 毫摩尔-米-2)。然而,只有第二个终止期(甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 31 天)抑制了辣椒中杂草的生长。在 2020-21 年,第三次终止(甜菜叶蝉飞舞前 8 天)产生了最大的覆盖作物生物量(591 g-m-2)和最大的土壤莽草素添加量(213 mmol-m-2),并且是唯一抑制杂草的处理。任何覆盖作物处理都不会减少手锄次数。这些结果表明,越冬芥菜覆盖作物可以避开甜菜叶蝉的飞行,抑制辣椒中的杂草。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions and Socioeconomic Status Influence Purchases of Native Plants 观念和社会经济地位对购买本土植物的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05345-23
Ariana P. Torres, Alicia L. Rihn, Susan S. Barton, B. Behe
Plants native to the United States, defined as those being present before European settlement, have aesthetic and environmental benefits. In 2018, only 10% of plant sales were native plants, a plant category that tends to be underrepresented in many residential and commercial landscapes. Although earlier research indicated that consumers find native plants less aesthetically appealing relative to introduced species, more recent research reported a growing demand for native plants. Thus, a better understanding of consumer perceptions would facilitate their marketing. We used an online survey of 1824 participants representing five geographic regions (West, Southwest, Midwest, Southeast, and Northwest) to classify adopters based on their purchase of native plants. A double-hurdle model was used to estimate factors influencing purchasing native plants among US homeowners, and the factors influencing the amount spent on native plants in 2021. Demographically, metropolitan, college-educated, and younger participants were more likely to be native plant adopters; they also spent 80% more on plants compared with nonnative plant adopters. More native plant adopters agreed that native plants were better for the environment than exotic plants (68%), are readily available in their area (67%), and are better adapted to difficult sites (75%). Marketing efforts should capitalize on the environmental benefits to stimulate purchases.
美国本土植物是指在欧洲人定居之前就存在的植物,具有美学和环境效益。2018 年,仅有 10% 的植物销售额是本土植物,而这一植物类别在许多住宅和商业景观中往往代表性不足。虽然早期的研究表明,消费者认为本土植物在美学上不如引进物种吸引人,但最近的研究报告显示,消费者对本土植物的需求日益增长。因此,更好地了解消费者的看法将有助于本土植物的营销。我们对代表五个地理区域(西部、西南部、中西部、东南部和西北部)的 1824 名参与者进行了在线调查,根据他们购买本地植物的情况对采用者进行了分类。我们使用双飓风模型估算了影响美国房主购买本土植物的因素,以及影响 2021 年本土植物花费的因素。从人口统计学角度来看,大都市、受过大学教育和年轻的参与者更有可能采用本土植物;与非本土植物采用者相比,他们在植物上的花费也高出 80%。更多的本地植物采用者认为,本地植物比外来植物更有利于环境(68%),在他们所在的地区很容易找到(67%),而且更适应艰苦的环境(75%)。营销工作应利用环境效益来刺激购买。
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引用次数: 0
Persistence and Surface Playability of Nine Bermudagrass Cultivars under Simulated Fall Traffic 九个百慕大草栽培品种在模拟秋季交通下的持久性和表面可播放性
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05308-23
Shehbaz Singh, Mingying Xiang, C. Fontanier, Yanqi Wu, Dennis L. Martin, Anmol Kajla
Traffic injury caused by foot- or athlete-surface interaction is one of the most critical problems athletic field managers face in maintaining the surface playability and aesthetic quality of athletic fields. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most widely used turfgrass species on athletic fields in the transitional climatic zone. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate nine bermudagrass cultivars for their persistence and surface playability under simulated fall cleat traffic. The experiment was conducted in Stillwater, OK, on a natural loam soil. Treatments were arranged as a split-block design with three replications. Traffic was applied for 6 weeks in Fall 2019 and 2020 using a Baldree traffic simulator, which generated 10 traffic events per week; each traffic event resulted in 678 cleat marks/m2. ‘Bimini’ was generally found to be the most persistent grass under traffic for aesthetic properties, and ‘Astro’ and ‘Tifway’ were the least persistent. Surface playability was affected by simulated traffic stress as shear strength (SS) declined and surface hardness (SH) increased, over time. ‘Bimini’ had greater SS than ‘Astro’ and ‘OKC1131’ (Tahoma 31®) by 1.9 and 1.4 N·m, respectively. SS of ‘DT-1’ (TifTuf®) and Tahoma 31 and SH of ‘OKC1134’ (NorthBridge®) were least affected by simulated traffic stress. Overall, surface playability characteristics of NorthBridge, ‘Bimini’, ‘OKC1119’ (Latitude 36®), TifTuf, Tahoma 31, and ‘Riley Riley’s Super Sport’ (Celebration®) were least affected by traffic. Findings illustrate bermudagrass cultivars can vary in visual persistence and surface playability.
脚部或运动员与草坪相互作用造成的交通伤害是运动场管理者在保持运动场草坪可运动性和美观性方面面临的最关键问题之一。百慕大草(Cynodon spp.)我们进行了一项为期两年的田间研究,以评估九种百慕大草栽培品种在模拟秋季板球运动下的持久性和表面可播放性。实验在俄克拉荷马州斯蒂尔沃特的天然壤土上进行。试验采用分块设计,三次重复。在 2019 年和 2020 年秋季,使用 Baldree 交通模拟器进行了为期 6 周的交通模拟,每周产生 10 次交通事件;每次交通事件产生 678 个夹板痕迹/平方米。一般认为,"Bimini "是在交通影响下最持久的草坪,具有美观特性,而 "Astro "和 "Tifway "的持久性最差。随着时间的推移,随着剪切强度(SS)的下降和表面硬度(SH)的增加,模拟交通压力对草坪表面的可玩性产生了影响。Bimini "的 SS 值分别比 "Astro "和 "OKC1131"(Tahoma 31®)高 1.9 和 1.4 N-m。DT-1"(TifTuf®)和 Tahoma 31 的 SS 以及 "OKC1134"(NorthBridge®)的 SH 受模拟交通压力的影响最小。总体而言,NorthBridge、'Bimini'、'OKC1119'(Latitude 36®)、TifTuf、Tahoma 31 和'Riley Riley's Super Sport'(Celebration®)的表面可播放性受交通影响最小。研究结果表明,百慕大草栽培品种在视觉持久性和表面可播放性方面存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Volunteer Engagement and Impactful Educational Outreach Taking Us into the Next 50 Years of the Extension Master Gardener Program 充满活力的志愿者参与和影响深远的教育推广活动,带领我们进入推广园丁大师计划的下一个 50 年
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05297-23
Heather Kirk-Ballard, Kristine M. Lang, Esther McGinnis, Kerry Smith, Lucy Bradley
According to the 2021 Extension Master Gardener (EMG) National Summary, the EMG Volunteer Program had an estimated 84,700 volunteers throughout the United States. These volunteers helped communities garden and grow food, provided opportunities to engage in activities that improved physical and mental health, and worked on projects that addressed environmental issues. In total, these programs contributed 3.1 million hours of education to local communities and $88 million dollars in value to the public. However, the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges for the program, with many states implementing reduced requirements and increased flexibility for volunteers. The workshop “Dynamic Volunteer Engagement and Impactful Educational Outreach Taking Us Into the Next 50 Years of the EMG Program” at the 2022 ASHS conference discussed how to engage EMG volunteers despite the limitations of limited in-person contact. The workshop featured three Extension educators and EMG coordinators who shared their experiences and strategies for engaging volunteers during the pandemic. Topics discussed included engaging volunteers in local food systems and community gardens, engaging students in horticulture at an earlier age, and digital volunteer opportunities. Overall, the workshop provided valuable insights and facilitated discussions on how to adapt and continue the EMG program during challenging times.
根据 2021 年推广园艺大师(EMG)全国总结,EMG 志愿者计划在全美估计有 84 700 名志愿者。这些志愿者帮助社区进行园艺和粮食种植,提供机会参与改善身心健康的活动,并参与解决环境问题的项目。这些计划总共为当地社区提供了 310 万小时的教育,为公众创造了 8800 万美元的价值。然而,COVID-19 大流行给该计划带来了挑战,许多州降低了对志愿者的要求并增加了灵活性。在 2022 年 ASHS 会议上举办的 "动态志愿者参与和有影响力的教育推广,带我们进入 EMG 计划的下一个 50 年 "研讨会讨论了如何让 EMG 志愿者参与,尽管面对面的接触有限。研讨会上,三位推广教育工作者和EMG协调员分享了他们在大流行病期间吸引志愿者的经验和策略。讨论的主题包括让志愿者参与当地食品系统和社区菜园、让学生更早地参与园艺以及数字志愿者机会。总之,研讨会提供了宝贵的见解,并促进了关于如何在充满挑战的时期调整和继续开展 EMG 计划的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Extended Storage of Cut Flowers Using Sub-zero Temperature 利用零度以下的温度延长切花的储存时间
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05315-23
J. Kalinowski, J. Dole
The cut flower industry needs postharvest techniques that allow for extended storage of fresh cut flowers to meet consumer demands. We compared the use of a sub-zero storage temperature (−0.6 °C) to maintain viable flowers with improved or comparable vase life to flowers stored at the industry standard (4 °C). The vase life of 17 commercially important cut flower species, alstroemeria (Alstroemeria), anemone (Anemone coronaria), campanula (Campanula medium), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum), delphinium (Delphinium elatum), freesia (Freesia), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata), larkspur (Consolida), lily (Lilium), lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus), rose (Rosa hybrida), stock (Matthiola incana), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa), when stored dry at −0.6 °C for durations of 4, 8, and 12 weeks was comparable to or longer than that when stored at 4 °C. Tuberose stems were not viable after holding for any storage duration or temperature. Experiment 2 compared the use of a prestorage pulsing treatment of water, hydrating solution, or holding solution containing carbohydrates for 8 hours before extended storage for carnation, chrysanthemum, delphinium, lily, and rose stems. Stems of carnation benefitted from pulsing with a hydrating solution and maintained vase life similar to that of nonstored control stems when stored for 4 weeks at −0.6 °C. Conversely, rose stems only maintained vase life similar to that of nonstored control stems when held at 4 °C for all pulsing solutions. Lily and chrysanthemum stems had a decline in vase life with all pulsing solutions and only remained viable after 8 weeks of storage when held at −0.6 °C. Additionally, stored chrysanthemum and lily stems had a longer vase life when stored at −0.6 °C than that when held at 4 °C after 4 and 8 weeks of storage, respectively, with all pulsing solutions. Delphinium stems were not viable after any storage duration. Experiment 3 further evaluated carnation, lily, and rose stems with and without a prestorage acclimation period at 4 °C for either 24 hours or 1 week before extended storage of 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Holding stems at 4 °C for 1 week before extended storage reduced the vase life of all species. Rose stems remained viable after 8 weeks of extended storage when held at −0.6 °C, but only when no prestorage hold was used. Lily and rose stems were not viable beyond 4-week storage durations when held at 4 °C, but they remained viable with no prestorage holding period after 8 weeks at −0.6 °C. Carnation stems maintained a longer vase life irrespective of a prestorage holding period when stored at −0.6 °C. Through this analysis, we showed that many species of cut flowers may be held at a sub-zero temperature with vase life better than or comparable to that with the industry standard of 4 °C.
鲜切花行业需要能够延长鲜切花储存时间的采后技术,以满足消费者的需求。我们比较了使用零度以下的储存温度(-0.6 °C)来保持鲜花的存活率,以及与在行业标准温度(4 °C)下储存的鲜花相比花瓶寿命的改善或可比性。17 种重要的商业切花品种的花瓶寿命,包括:石莲花(Alstroemeria)、银莲花(Anemone coronaria)、金钟花(Campanula medium)、康乃馨(Dianthus caryophyllus)、菊花(Chrysanthemum)、飞燕草(Delphinium elatum)、小苍兰(Freesia)、非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)、当在 -0.6 °C、4 周、8 周和 12 周时,其存活时间与 4 °C 时的存活时间相当或更长。在任何储存时间或温度下,块茎花茎都无法存活。实验 2 比较了康乃馨、菊花、三角梅、百合和玫瑰茎在延长储藏时间前 8 小时使用水、水合溶液或含有碳水化合物的储藏溶液进行储藏前脉冲处理的效果。康乃馨茎受益于水合溶液的脉冲作用,在 -0.6 °C 下储存 4 周后,其花瓶寿命与未储存的对照茎相似。相反,玫瑰花茎在所有脉动溶液中保持 4 °C 时,其花瓶寿命与未储存的对照花茎相似。百合和菊花茎在所有脉动溶液中的花瓶寿命都有所下降,只有在-0.6 °C下保存 8 周后仍能存活。此外,在所有脉动溶液中,菊花和百合茎在-0.6 °C下存放 4 周和 8 周后,其花瓶寿命分别长于在 4 °C 下存放时的寿命。飞燕草的茎在任何储存条件下都无法存活。实验 3 进一步评估了康乃馨、百合和玫瑰的茎,在延长 4、6 或 8 周的储存时间之前,是否在 4 °C 下经过 24 小时或 1 周的预储存适应期。所有品种的花茎在延长储藏前在 4 °C 下放置 1 周都会缩短花瓶寿命。玫瑰花茎在-0.6 °C下延长储藏 8 周后仍有生命力,但仅限于未进行储藏前保温的情况。百合和玫瑰的茎在 4 °C 下存放 4 周后就无法存活,但在 -0.6 °C 下存放 8 周后,如果没有预存放期,它们仍然可以存活。康乃馨茎在-0.6 °C下储存时,无论有无预储存保持期,都能保持较长的花瓶寿命。通过上述分析,我们发现许多品种的切花在零度以下的温度下也能保持较长的花瓶寿命,甚至优于行业标准的 4 °C。
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引用次数: 0
Irrigation of Sand-based Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens with Nanobubble-oxygenated Water 用纳米气泡氧水灌溉沙基匍匐翦股颖果岭
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05322-23
Eric J. DeBoer, Michael D. Richardson, J. McCalla
Cultural and environmental factors can place creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) under extreme stress during the summer months. This stress, coupled with the growth adaptation of creeping bentgrass, can result in shallow, poorly rooted stands of turf. To enhance root zone oxygen and rooting of creeping bentgrass, golf courses use methods such as core and solid-tine aerification, and sand topdressing. An additional method of delivering oxygen to the soil could be irrigation with nanobubble-oxygenated water. The properties of nanobubbles (NBs) allow for high gas dissolution rates in water. Irrigating with NB-oxygenated water sources may promote increased rooting of creeping bentgrass putting greens during high-temperature periods and lead to a more resilient playing surface. The objectives of this study include comparing the effects of irrigation with NB-oxygenated water sources with untreated water sources on creeping bentgrass putting green root zone and plant health characteristics using field and controlled environment experiments. Treatments included NB-oxygenated potable water and irrigation pond water, and untreated potable and irrigation pond water. In the field, NB-oxygenated water did not enhance plant health characteristics of creeping bentgrass. In 1 year, NB-oxygenated water increased the daily mean partial pressure of soil oxygen from 17.48 kPa to 18.21 kPa but soil oxygen was unaffected in the other 2 years of the trial. Subsurface irrigation with NB-oxygenated water did not affect measured plant health characteristics in the greenhouse. NB-oxygenation of irrigation water remains an excellent means of efficiently oxygenating large volumes of water. However, plant health benefits from NB-oxygenated irrigation water were not observed in this research.
文化和环境因素会使匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)在夏季面临极大的压力。这种压力加上匍匐翦股颖的生长适应性,会导致草皮变浅、生根不良。为了提高匍匐翦股颖根区的氧气含量和生根能力,高尔夫球场采用了核心充气、实心充气和沙土上铺等方法。向土壤输送氧气的另一种方法是用纳米气泡氧水灌溉。纳米气泡(NB)的特性使其在水中的气体溶解率很高。使用含 NB 氧的水源进行灌溉可促进匍匐翦股颖在高温期间在果岭上生根,使果岭表面更有弹性。本研究的目标包括通过现场和受控环境实验,比较使用含 NB 氧的水源灌溉与未经处理的水源灌溉对匍匐翦股颖果岭根区和植物健康特征的影响。处理包括含 NB 氧的饮用水和灌溉池水,以及未经处理的饮用水和灌溉池水。在田间试验中,NB-富氧水并没有增强匍匐翦股颖的植物健康特性。在 1 年的试验中,NB-富氧水使土壤氧分压的日平均值从 17.48 千帕增至 18.21 千帕,但在其他 2 年的试验中,土壤氧分压未受影响。使用 NB 加氧水进行地表下灌溉不会影响温室中测量的植物健康特征。对灌溉水进行 NB 增氧仍然是对大量水进行有效增氧的极佳方法。然而,本研究并未观察到 NB 加氧灌溉水对植物健康的益处。
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引用次数: 0
Sap Yield and Sugar Content of Boxelder and Norway Maple Trees in Northern Utah 犹他州北部黄杨和挪威枫树的树液产量和含糖量
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05304-23
Jesse Mathews, Youping Sun, Paul Harris, Xin Dai, Steven Price, Darren McAvoy, Michael Farrell, Kelly Kopp
Maple syrup is a well-known natural sweetener made from the sap harvested from maple trees (Acer sp.). The North American scientific literature regarding maple syrup has predominantly originated in the Northeastern United States and Canada. However, the range of this Holarctic genus extends across the continent and all species produce sap with the potential for syrup production. This study focuses on two maple species commonly found in Northern Utah, namely the native boxelder (Acer negundo) and the introduced Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Thirty trees of each species were tapped in Cache Valley, UT, USA, on 19 Feb 2022, and measured for daily sap yield and sugar content until the season ended 37 days later on 27 Mar 2022. The same trees were re-tapped on 1 Mar 2023 and taps were removed 41 days later on 10 Apr 2023. Average 2022 sap yields were 22.1 L for boxelder and 7.5 L for Norway maple per tree. In 2023, average sap yields were 26.4 L for boxelder and 9.3 L for Norway maple per tree. Boxelder trees produced an average sap yield more than double that of Norway maple in both years. Sugar content was similar for both species ranging from 2.2% to 2.8%. Air temperatures were analyzed using data from Utah AgWeather System weather stations nearest to the trees, and air temperature had a significant impact on sap yield. It was found that an average daily air temperature of 0.5 °C and a daily air temperature difference of ∼10 °C with a minimum air temperature close to −5 °C and a maximum air temperature of ∼6 °C was the optimal condition for production. An analysis of the mineral nutrient concentrations in the sap and soil showed no correlation. These findings indicate that there is potential for using Utah’s maple species for syrup production.
枫糖浆是一种著名的天然甜味剂,由从枫树(槭树)上采摘的树液制成。北美有关枫糖浆的科学文献主要源自美国东北部和加拿大。然而,枫树属的分布范围遍布整个北美洲大陆,所有树种都能生产枫糖浆。本研究的重点是犹他州北部常见的两种枫树,即本地的黄杨(Acer negundo)和引进的挪威枫(Acer platanoides)。2022 年 2 月 19 日,在美国犹他州的卡奇谷(Cache Valley)对两种枫树中的 30 棵树进行了挖掘,并测量了每天的树液产量和含糖量,直到 37 天后的 2022 年 3 月 27 日季节结束。2023 年 3 月 1 日再次对相同的树木进行抽头,41 天后于 2023 年 4 月 10 日拔除抽头。2022 年,每棵黄杨树的平均树液产量为 22.1 升,每棵挪威枫树的平均树液产量为 7.5 升。2023 年,每棵黄杨树的平均树液产量为 26.4 升,每棵挪威枫树的平均树液产量为 9.3 升。这两年黄杨树的平均树液产量是挪威枫树的两倍多。两种树的含糖量相似,都在 2.2% 到 2.8% 之间。利用离树木最近的犹他州农业气象系统气象站的数据对气温进行了分析,发现气温对树液产量有显著影响。结果发现,日平均气温为 0.5 °C,日温差为 ∼10 °C,最低气温接近 -5 °C,最高气温为 ∼6 °C,是生产的最佳条件。对树液和土壤中矿物质养分浓度的分析表明,两者之间没有相关性。这些研究结果表明,犹他州的枫树品种具有生产糖浆的潜力。
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Horttechnology
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