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Optimal Spacing of Grafted ‘Primo Red’ High Tunnel Tomato ‘Primo Red’高隧道番茄嫁接的最优间距
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05188-23
J. Reid, Cordelia H. Machanoff, Caitlin Tucker
Grafted and ungrafted ‘Primo Red’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) transplants were planted at 16-, 20-, and 24-inch spacing in a commercial high tunnel in central New York, USA, to compare yields. ‘Primo Red’ scions were grafted onto ‘Maxifort’ rootstocks and left to heal in a commercial greenhouse facility. Tomatoes were harvested as they ripened, and the weight and number of fruit per plot was recorded and then calculated out to a per-plant basis. Wider plant spacings resulted in higher yields for both grafted and ungrafted plants. However, economic returns remained highest in the highest density (16 inches in-row) spacing with grafted plants. This indicates that growers may not need to adjust density despite additional foliage from grafted plants. Foliar incidence of Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was not significantly different under spacing or grafting treatments. Grafting resulted in higher yields across all plant spacings compared with ungrafted plants. Commercial growers can use this information to make choices on grafting and spacing in high tunnel tomato.
移植和未移植的‘Primo Red’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)以16、20和24英寸的间距种植在美国纽约市中心的一个商业高隧道中,以比较产量Primo Red的接穗被嫁接到Maxifort的砧木上,并在商业温室设施中愈合。番茄在成熟时收获,记录每个地块的果实重量和数量,然后按单株计算。植株间距越大,嫁接植株和未嫁接植株的产量都越高。然而,在嫁接植物的最高密度(行间距16英寸)处,经济回报仍然最高。这表明,尽管嫁接植物有额外的叶子,种植者可能不需要调整密度。灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的叶片发生率在间隔处理和嫁接处理下没有显著差异。与未嫁接的植物相比,嫁接导致所有植物间距的产量更高。商业种植者可以利用这些信息来选择高通道番茄的嫁接和间距。
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引用次数: 1
Treatment of Potted Zebra Plant and Inch Plant with Antigibberellin Plant Growth Regulators Slows Stem Elongation in an Interior Green Wall 用抗赤霉素植物生长调节剂处理盆栽斑马植物和英属植物可减缓室内绿壁茎伸长
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05178-22
Lane W. Wiens, K. Williams
In commercial interior green walls, plant trimming and replacement necessitated by stem elongation under low interior light levels is labor intensive and costly. Antigibberellin plant growth regulators (PGRs) may slow stem elongation and thus reduce maintenance costs in this environment. In Expt. 1, two PGRs were applied as foliar spray or drench to three spiderwort selections [two of zebra plant (Tradescantia zebrina) and one of inch plant (Tradescantia fluminensis)] immediately before installation in a green wall, each at three rates: ancymidol (ANC) foliar spray at 25, 100, and 200 mg·L−1; paclobutrazol (PBZ) foliar spray at 20, 80, and 160 mg·L−1; and PBZ drench at 1, 4, and 8 mg·L−1, along with an untreated control. In Expt. 2, 80 mg·L−1 PBZ foliar spray, 1 mg·L−1 PBZ applied via subirrigation four times, and the combination of these two treatments, was evaluated on ‘Burgundy’ zebra plant. In both experiments, plants were placed in a vertical modular tray interior green wall. Change in total stem and specific internode length were measured every 14 days after installation for 3 months to calculate growth per month. Antigibberellin application slowed internode elongation of spiderwort selections during the first month after installation. Antigibberellins were more effective in zebra plant at reducing overall stem growth rate and less so on inch plant. Across the three spiderwort selections, 25 mg·L−1 foliar spray of ANC resulted in no difference in growth rate when compared with the control, although 100 to 200 mg·L−1 foliar spray was effective. Based on the results of both experiments, moderate and high rates of PBZ, applied both as a foliar spray and drench, resulted in similar reduction in stem elongation. PBZ applied as 20 to 80 mg·L−1 foliar spray, 4 mg·L−1 drench before installation in the wall, or a combination of an 80 mg·L−1 PBZ pre-installation foliar spray and recurring 1 mg·L−1 via subirrigation (four times) were effective at growth suppression of spiderworts for at least 3 months. Even rates of PBZ of 160 mg·L−1 foliar spray or 8 mg·L−1 drench did not show phytotoxicity in treated plants and could be considered for use. We recommend a pre-installation application of 80 mg·L−1 foliar spray or 4 mg·L−1 drench for controlling stem growth across spiderwort selections. Application of antigibberellin PGRs to plants before installation in green walls slows stem growth and can contribute to reduced maintenance costs.
在商业室内绿墙中,在低室内光照水平下,由于茎伸长而需要进行植物修剪和更换,这是劳动密集型的,成本高昂。抗赤霉素植物生长调节剂(PGRs)可以减缓茎的伸长,从而降低这种环境下的维护成本。在实验1中,在安装在绿墙上之前,立即将两种PGR作为叶面喷雾或淋液施用于三种蜘蛛窝选择[两种斑马植物(紫露草)和一种英寸植物(紫露草)],每种比例为:25、100和200 mg·L−1的安西米多(ANC)叶面喷雾;多效唑叶面喷雾20、80和160 mg·L−1;PBZ在1、4和8mg·L−1时与未经处理的对照组一起浸泡。在试验2中,对“勃艮第”斑马植株进行了80 mg·L−1 PBZ叶面喷雾、1 mg·L–1 PBZ亚灌溉4次以及这两种处理的组合评价。在两个实验中,植物都被放置在垂直的模块化托盘内部绿色墙壁中。在安装3个月后,每14天测量一次总茎和比节间长度的变化,以计算每月的生长量。在安装后的第一个月,施用抗赤霉素减缓了蜘蛛端口选择的节间伸长。抗赤霉素在斑马植株上更有效地降低了茎的整体生长速率,而在英寸植株上则不那么有效。在三个蜘蛛窝选择中,25 mg·L−1的ANC叶面喷雾与对照相比,生长速度没有差异,尽管100至200 mg·L–1的叶面喷雾是有效的。根据两个实验的结果,中等和高剂量的PBZ,无论是作为叶面喷雾还是淋水,都会导致茎伸长的类似降低。PBZ以20至80 mg·L−1叶面喷雾、4 mg·L–1在安装在墙上之前淋水的形式施用,或者80 mg·L−1 PBZ安装前叶面喷雾和通过下灌溉重复施用1 mg·L–1的组合(四次)对蜘蛛口的生长抑制至少有效3个月。即使是160 mg·L−1叶面喷雾或8 mg·L–1淋水的PBZ在处理过的植物中也没有表现出植物毒性,可以考虑使用。我们建议在安装前使用80 mg·L−1叶面喷雾或4 mg·L–1淋水,以控制蜘蛛口选择中的茎生长。在安装在绿色墙壁上之前,将抗赤霉素PGR应用于植物,可以减缓茎的生长,并有助于降低维护成本。
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引用次数: 0
Ten Years of Empowering Turkish Women Farmers 赋予土耳其女农民权力十年
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05225-23
R. Brumfield, B. Ozkan
In 2011, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (New Brunswick, NJ, USA) and Akdeniz University (Antalya, Turkey) conducted a survey to identify needs, interests, and capacities of Turkish women farmers. We interviewed extension educators and female farmers in three villages and used the results to develop a pilot, 28-hour course to train 40 small-scale citrus (Citrus sp.) and greenhouse producers from Kumluca, Turkey. Training included computer literacy, citrus and greenhouse production, and business management. The municipalities of Elmali, Duzce, Korkuteli, and Boztepe, Turkey, duplicated the successful pilot program within the next 2 years. To expand the training to more women farmers, we partnered with colleagues in Germany, Spain, and Malta to develop Empowering Women Farmers with Agricultural Business Management Training (EMWOFA), which had a multiplier effect by training educators who then trained women farmers to improve their business skills. The outputs of EMWOFA were a training manual for educators, a workbook for the women farmers, and e-learning videos in English, Turkish, Spanish, German, and Maltese.
2011年,罗格斯大学、新泽西州立大学(美国新泽西州新不伦瑞克)和阿克德尼兹大学(土耳其安塔利亚)进行了一项调查,以确定土耳其女农民的需求、兴趣和能力。我们采访了三个村庄的推广教育工作者和女农民,并利用结果制定了一个28小时的试点课程,培训来自土耳其库姆卢卡的40名小规模柑橘(citrus sp.)和温室生产商。培训内容包括计算机知识、柑橘和温室生产以及企业管理。土耳其Elmali、Duzce、Korkuteli和Boztepe市在未来两年内重复了成功的试点项目。为了将培训范围扩大到更多的女农民,我们与德国、西班牙和马耳他的同事合作,开发了“通过农业企业管理培训增强女农民能力”(EMWOFA),该培训通过培训教育工作者产生了乘数效应,教育工作者随后培训女农民提高她们的商业技能。EMWOFA的产出是为教育工作者编写的培训手册、为女农民编写的工作簿以及英语、土耳其语、西班牙语、德语和马耳他语的电子学习视频。
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引用次数: 0
Survey of US Passionfruit Growers’ Production Practices and Support Needs 美国西番莲种植者的生产实践和支持需求调查
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05240-23
E. Stafne, T. Blare, B. Posadas, Laura Downey, Joshua Anderson, J. Crane, R. Gazis, B. Faber, D. Stockton, D. Carrillo, J. P. Morales-Payán, M. Dutt, A. Chambers, D. Chavez, Mark Bailey, Andres Bejarano Loor, Ken Love, J. Wasielewski, Haley N. Williams
Passionfruits (Passiflora sp.) are widely grown throughout tropical regions of the world. Burgeoning new interest in this fruit in both its fresh and processed forms has led to an increase in planting outside of traditional growing zones. Passionfruit production has increased steadily in the United States and its territories since the 2002 US Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture; however, little is known about how the industry functions across production areas. To assess passionfruit growers’ production practices and support their needs, we conducted a survey during 2021. That survey consisted of 45 questions pertaining to various aspects of passionfruit production, including horticultural practices, pest management, cultivars grown, and industry challenges and needs. The objectives of the survey were to identify where passionfruit is currently grown in the United States, what production practices are being used, and what problems are being encountered so that researchers and extension personnel could provide remedies in the future. Forty-four surveys were complete and allowed for data analyses. Florida had the most responses (21), followed by Puerto Rico (12), California (6), Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, and the Virgin Islands. Most of the passionfruit production in the United States comprises purple passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) or intraspecific red types at 68.2%. This value is driven by the high amounts of purple passionfruit and red passionfruit in Florida and other states. In contrast, nearly all farms in Puerto Rico grow yellow passionfruit (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) and fewer purple types. The main obstacle to obtaining optimum production was labor availability. Managing passionfruit, like many other specialty crops, is labor-intensive and includes many activities that require manual labor, such as weeding, training, pruning, pollination, and harvesting. Other obstacles that were noted were weather variability, vine decline, poor pollination, and availability of high-quality cultivars. Diseases, especially fungal diseases, are of particular concern to growers of passionfruit in the United States, although the identification of specific diseases was limited. Online delivery methods of information ranked high on the list of desired products. Online articles, such as those offered by extension services, were the most preferred, followed by webinars, which comprise a more recently developed method of information delivery. Overall, the survey provided baseline information to further develop initiatives to aid passionfruit production within the United States.
西番莲(Passiflora sp.)广泛种植在世界热带地区。人们对这种水果的新鲜和加工形式产生了新的兴趣,导致传统种植区以外的种植增加。自2002年美国农业部农业普查以来,美国及其领土上的西番莲产量稳步增长;然而,人们对该行业如何在各个生产领域发挥作用知之甚少。为了评估百香果种植者的生产实践并支持他们的需求,我们在2021年进行了一项调查。该调查包括45个与百香果生产各个方面有关的问题,包括园艺实践、害虫管理、种植品种以及行业挑战和需求。这项调查的目的是确定百香果目前在美国的种植地、使用的生产方法以及遇到的问题,以便研究人员和推广人员在未来提供补救措施。44项调查已完成,可进行数据分析。佛罗里达州的反应最多(21),其次是波多黎各(12)、加利福尼亚州(6)、夏威夷、路易斯安那州、密西西比州和维尔京群岛。美国的大多数百香果生产包括紫色百香果(Passiflora edulis f.edulis)或种内红色品种,占68.2%。这一价值是由佛罗里达州和其他州大量的紫色百香果实和红色百香果推动的。相比之下,波多黎各几乎所有的农场都种植黄色的百香果(P.edulis f.flavicarpa),而紫色的品种更少。获得最佳生产的主要障碍是劳动力的可用性。与许多其他特种作物一样,管理百香果是劳动密集型的,包括许多需要体力劳动的活动,如除草、培训、修剪、授粉和收割。注意到的其他障碍包括天气变异、葡萄藤衰退、授粉不良以及优质品种的可用性。疾病,尤其是真菌疾病,是美国百香果种植者特别关注的问题,尽管对特定疾病的识别有限。在线信息传递方式在所需产品列表中排名靠前。最受欢迎的是在线文章,如推广服务提供的文章,其次是网络研讨会,其中包括最近开发的信息传递方法。总体而言,该调查为进一步制定援助美国百香果生产的举措提供了基线信息。
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引用次数: 0
Outreach Efforts Around the Globe: A Review of Horticultural Projects in Africa, the Middle East, and the Caribbean: Proceedings From the ASHS International Horticultural Issues and Networking Professional Interest Group 2022 Workshop 全球外联工作:非洲、中东和加勒比地区园艺项目综述:ASHS国际园艺问题和网络专业兴趣小组2022研讨会论文集
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05265-23
M. Schnelle
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引用次数: 0
Ornamental Invasive Plants in Florida With Research-founded Alternatives 佛罗里达州的观赏入侵植物与研究建立的替代品
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05205-23
Sandra Wilson, Z. Deng
The ornamental horticulture industry has long been significant in its vast economic contributions to the US agricultural sector, with Florida ranking second in nursery and greenhouse plant sales. A small proportion of introduced plants eventually escape cultivation and become invasive, leaving fragile ecosystems at risk. In response, a series of propagation and production research studies have been conducted over the years to 1) evaluate the female sterility and landscape performance of cultivars and/or hybrids of ornamental invasives, and 2) develop reliable propagation systems of novel or underused natives having ornamental and ecological value. Attractive, fruitless selections of popular species such as butterfly bush (Buddleja sp.), heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica), Mexican petunia (Ruellia simplex), lantana (Lantana strigocamara), trailing lantana (Lantana montevidensis), privet (Ligustrum sp.), maiden silvergrass (Miscanthus sp.), and fountain grass (Pennisetum sp.) have been identified as suitable non-native alternatives to the invasive or potentially invasive resident species (wild type). Simultaneously, researchers have taken a closer look at native plant alternatives that may offer similar aesthetic traits as invasive plants, while bringing added biodiversity and function for more ecologically friendly landscapes and gardens. As such, successful multisite trialing and/or propagation systems have been developed for a number of species native to Florida, such as squareflower (Paronychia erecta), coastalplain honeycombhead (Balduina angustifolia), wireweeds (Polygonella sp.), blue porterweed (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis), wild coffees (Psychotria sp.), sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana), and wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara). With pronounced marketing and consumer education, it is hopeful that together sterile cultivars and native species will ultimately replace wild-type forms of commercially available ornamental invasives. This paper summarizes the current status of ornamental invasives in Florida and the role of native species and sterile non-native cultivars.
长期以来,观赏园艺业对美国农业部门的巨大经济贡献一直很重要,佛罗里达州在苗圃和温室植物销售方面排名第二。一小部分引进的植物最终逃离种植并成为入侵植物,使脆弱的生态系统面临风险。作为回应,多年来进行了一系列繁殖和生产研究,以1)评估观赏入侵品种和/或杂交种的雌性不育性和景观表现,以及2)开发具有观赏和生态价值的新的或未充分利用的本地品种的可靠繁殖系统。热门物种的吸引人的无果选择,如蝴蝶丛(Buddleja sp.)、天竹(Nandina domestica)、墨西哥矮牵牛(Ruellia simplex)、大花(lantana strigocamara)、蔓生大花(lantana montevidensis)、女贞(女贞属sp.),和喷泉草(Pennisetum sp.)已被确定为入侵或潜在入侵的常驻物种(野生型)的合适的非本土替代品。与此同时,研究人员对本土植物的替代品进行了更深入的研究,这些替代品可能提供与入侵植物相似的美学特征,同时为更生态友好的景观和花园带来更多的生物多样性和功能。因此,已经为许多原产于佛罗里达州的物种开发了成功的多站点试验和/或繁殖系统,如方形花(Paronychia erecta)、海岸平原蜜瓜(Balduina angustifolia)、杂草(Polygonella sp.)、蓝porterweed(Stachytarpheta jamaicensis)、野生咖啡(Psychotria sp.),和野生酸橙(Zanthoxylum fagara)。随着明显的市场营销和消费者教育,不育品种和本土物种有望最终取代野生型商业观赏入侵物种。本文综述了佛罗里达州观赏入侵的现状,以及本地物种和不育非本地品种的作用。
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引用次数: 2
Initial Bare-root Crown Size and Early-season Flower Cluster Removal Has Little Effect on Subsequent Plant Performance in Day-neutral Strawberry 日中性草莓初始裸根冠大小和早季花束去除对后续植株性能影响不大
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05161-22
M. Bolda
In strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), initial bare-root crown diameter and early-season flower cluster removal have been two factors suspected of influencing fruit yield and size. This study evaluated the effect of these two factors on the day-neutral strawberry varieties Monterey and Cabrillo. Bare-root crowns with three different diameters were categorized into small (< 0.5 cm), medium (> 0.5 to 1 cm), and large (> 1 cm) at planting. Each of the crown diameter treatments was split into two plots for flower removal or no flower removal in the early season and data on canopy diameter, fruit yield, and fruit size collected in the subsequent months of production. The study was conducted over two growing seasons (2019–20 and 2020–21). No difference was found in plant canopy diameters measured in February, ∼3 months after planting, between any of the treatments in either year. Although early-season flower removal and some crown sizes resulted in lower fruit yield in March and April, none of these treatments resulted in any fruit yield or size differences in subsequent months nor in season end totals.
在草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)中,初根冠直径和早季花簇去除是影响果实产量和大小的两个因素。本研究评估了这两个因素对日中性草莓品种蒙特利和卡布里洛的影响。在种植时,将三种不同直径的裸根冠分为小冠(<0.5 cm)、中冠(>0.5至1 cm)和大冠(>1 cm)。将每种树冠直径处理分为两个地块,在早季进行除花或不除花,并在随后的生产月份收集树冠直径、果实产量和果实大小的数据。这项研究在两个生长季节(2019-20年和2020-2021年)进行。在种植后的2月~3个月,在任何一年的任何处理之间,都没有发现植物冠层直径的差异。尽管早季移花和一些树冠大小导致3月和4月的果实产量较低,但这些处理都没有在随后的几个月或季末总产量中产生任何果实产量或大小差异。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomous Compared with Conventional Mower Use on St. Augustinegrass Lawn Quality 自动割草机与传统割草机对圣奥古斯丁草草坪质量的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05206-23
P. A. Boeri, A. Lindsey, J. B. Unruh
Autonomous (i.e., robotic) mowers have recently garnered interest with the public and within the turfgrass industry. However, limited research has been conducted on their use for mowing warm-season turfgrasses. An experiment was conducted at the University of Florida’s West Florida Research and Education Center (Jay, FL, USA) to investigate the performance of an autonomous mower using a lower than recommended height-of-cut on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). Treatments included an autonomous mower with a height-of-cut of 2.5 inches set to mow daily and a conventional mulching mower with weekly mowing at recommended height-of-cut of 3.5 inches. Data collection included weekly digital images that were subjected to digital image analysis to determine overall turfgrass quality, percent green cover, and uniformity. The autonomous mower resulted in greater overall turfgrass quality from January to March and in November, and greater green cover from November to April compared with conventional mowing. Additionally, the autonomous mower produced greater turfgrass uniformity than conventional mowing. Results indicate that autonomous mowers can be successfully used to maintain St. Augustinegrass at a lower than recommended height-of-cut.
自动(即机器人)割草机最近引起了公众和草坪行业的兴趣。然而,关于它们在暖季草坪草割草中的应用的研究有限。在佛罗里达大学的西佛罗里达研究和教育中心(Jay, FL, USA)进行了一项实验,以调查自动割草机在圣奥古斯丁草(second - undatum)上使用低于建议切割高度的割草机的性能。治疗方法包括一个自动割草机,割高2.5英寸,每天割一次,一个传统的覆盖割草机,每周割一次,建议割高3.5英寸。数据收集包括每周的数字图像,并进行数字图像分析,以确定草坪草的总体质量、绿化覆盖率和均匀性。与传统割草机相比,自动割草机在1月至3月和11月的草坪草整体质量更高,11月至4月的绿化覆盖率更高。此外,自动割草机比传统割草机产生更大的草坪均匀性。结果表明,自动割草机可以成功地用于保持圣奥古斯丁草低于建议的切割高度。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of Heat-tolerant Lettuce Cultivars in Southern New Mexico in 2020—21 2020 - 2021年新墨西哥州南部耐热莴苣品种的表现
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05224-23
I. Joukhadar, Bradley W. Tonnessen, D. Coon, S. Walker
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a high-value crop cultivated worldwide. Harvested lettuce acreage in New Mexico, USA, trails the leading lettuce production states (California, Arizona), but growers in New Mexico are interested in expanding their production. For New Mexico farmers to increase lettuce production to reach new markets, information on heat-tolerant cultivar performance is needed. This study was conducted to evaluate six lettuce cultivars described as heat tolerant by seed suppliers or other sources. In 2020 and 2021, we assessed two butterhead types, ‘Anuenue’ and ‘Mikola RG10’; two green leaf types, ‘Muir’ and ‘Tropicana’; and two romaine types, ‘Parris Island Cos’ and ‘Sparx’, in the Jose Fernandez Garden at the New Mexico State University Heritage Farm in Las Cruces, NM. To determine which cultivars and types of lettuce are better suited for southern New Mexico, we measured these variables: marketable harvest weight, number of days from transplant to first bolt, and number of days from transplant to 50% bolted. In 2020, ‘Sparx’, a romaine-type lettuce, had, on average, 32% higher yield compared with the other lettuce types. In 2021 both romaine-type cultivars, Sparx and Parris Island Cos, produced 19% more marketable yield than the other lettuce cultivars. In 2020, ‘Sparx’ was the last to bolt and to reach the 50% bolted stage, whereas in 2021 ‘Mikola RG10’ and ‘Muir’ were the last cultivars to bolt and reach the 50% bolted stage. These results suggest that ‘Sparx’ would be a good potential candidate for farmers in southern New Mexico. ‘Mikola RG10’ and ‘Muir’, butterhead and green leaf type, respectively, demonstrated slower bolting in 2021, indicating they may be useful cultivars for extending lettuce harvest in New Mexico.
莴苣(Lactuca sativa)是世界范围内种植的高价值作物。美国新墨西哥州的生菜收获面积落后于领先的生菜生产州(加利福尼亚州、亚利桑那州),但新墨西哥州的种植者有兴趣扩大产量。为了让新墨西哥州的农民增加生菜产量以进入新市场,需要有关耐热品种性能的信息。本研究旨在评估种子供应商或其他来源描述的六个耐热莴苣品种。在2020年和2021年,我们评估了两种白头翁,“Anueue”和“Mikola RG10”;两种绿叶类型,“Muir”和“Tropicana”;在新墨西哥州拉斯克鲁塞斯新墨西哥州立大学遗产农场的Jose Fernandez花园里,有两种罗马品种,“Parris Island Cos”和“Sparx”。为了确定哪些品种和类型的生菜更适合新墨西哥州南部,我们测量了这些变量:可销售的收获重量、从移植到第一次抽芽的天数以及从移植到50%抽芽的天数。2020年,“Sparx”是一种莴苣,与其他莴苣类型相比,产量平均高出32%。2021年,两个莴苣型品种Sparx和Parris Island Cos的市场产量都比其他莴苣品种高19%。2020年,“Sparx”是最后一个抽薹并达到50%抽薹阶段的品种,而2021年,“Mikola RG10”和“Muir”是最后两个抽薹并达到50%的品种。这些结果表明,对于新墨西哥州南部的农民来说,“Sparx”将是一个很好的潜在候选者Mikola RG10和Muir,分别是毛头莴苣和绿叶莴苣,在2021年表现出较慢的抽薹速度,这表明它们可能是延长新墨西哥州莴苣收成的有用品种。
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引用次数: 0
Cost Analysis of Using Cover Crops in Citrus Production 覆盖作物在柑橘生产中的成本分析
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05126-22
Shourish Chakravarty, T. Wade
Florida has a long association with citrus (Citrus sp.) production. However, the citrus industry in Florida has been devastated by Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus). HLB affects the citrus tree phloem and eventually causes tree death. Cover crops, or noncash crops, have traditionally been used in row crop production to improve soil organic matter, for nitrogen fixing, and for weed control. Citrus growers may benefit from adopting cover crops because healthier soils could improve yields and fruit quality of citrus trees. However, growers are uncertain about the costs and benefits associated with cover crop investments. The objective of our study was to analyze whether cover crops represent an economically feasible option for Florida citrus growers. We calculated the break-even prices for ‘Valencia’ and non-‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis) in terms of price per box (equivalent to 90 lb of oranges in Florida) and price per pound solids per box (amount of soluble solids per box of oranges) by considering additional costs and short-term savings from using cover crops across various yield and quality scenarios based on the past 10 years of data. Considering the short-term savings from adopting cover crops, the per-acre cost of production increased by $107.3/acre or by 5.73% and constituted 5.42% of the total production cost during the first year of adoption. After the 2018–19 peak, the yield and quality for both ‘Valencia’ and non-‘Valencia’ oranges have decreased steadily. Adopting cover crops in the current yield–quality scenario will not be profitable for either ‘Valencia’ or non-‘Valencia’ oranges. However, for ‘Valencia’ oranges, at the median yield and quality levels of 193.5 boxes/acre and 6.08 lb solids/box, respectively, cover crop adoption would be profitable because the break-even price of $2.25/lb solids would be comparable to the market prices of the past 5 years.
佛罗里达州与柑橘(citrus sp.)生产有着长期的联系。然而,佛罗里达州的柑橘产业已经受到黄龙病(HLB)或柑橘绿化病(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)的破坏。HLB影响柑橘树韧皮部,最终导致树木死亡。覆盖作物,或非灰作物,传统上用于行作物生产,以改善土壤有机质,用于固氮和杂草控制。柑橘种植者可能会从采用覆盖作物中受益,因为更健康的土壤可以提高柑橘树的产量和果实质量。然而,种植者不确定与覆盖作物投资相关的成本和收益。我们研究的目的是分析覆盖作物对佛罗里达州柑橘种植者来说是否是一种经济可行的选择。我们根据过去10年的不同产量和质量情景,考虑到使用覆盖作物带来的额外成本和短期节约,计算了“瓦伦西亚”和非“瓦伦西亚”橙子(柑橘)的盈亏平衡价格,即每箱价格(相当于佛罗里达州的90磅橙子)和每磅固体价格(每箱橙子的可溶性固体含量)多年的数据。考虑到采用覆盖作物的短期节约,在采用第一年,每英亩的生产成本增加了107.3美元/英亩,即5.73%,占总生产成本的5.42%。在2018-19年的峰值之后,“瓦伦西亚”和非“瓦伦西亚”橙子的产量和质量都稳步下降。在目前的产量-质量情景下采用覆盖作物对“瓦伦西亚”或非“瓦伦西亚”橙子都没有利润。然而,对于“巴伦西亚”橙子来说,在193.5箱/英亩和6.08磅固体/箱的中位产量和质量水平下,采用覆盖作物是有利可图的,因为2.25美元/磅固体的盈亏平衡价格与过去5年的市场价格相当。
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