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Ornamental Plant and Weed Response to Oxyfluorfen Plus Prodiamine 观赏植物和杂草对氧氟草醚和丙二胺的反应
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05372-23
J. Aulakh, Anthony Witcher, Vipan Kumar
Ornamental plant and weed response to oxyfluorfen + prodiamine herbicide was evaluated in Connecticut and Tennessee, USA, in 2017 and 2018. Preemergence application of oxyfluorfen + prodiamine was made at 0 lb/acre, 2 + 0.75 lb/acre, 4 + 1.5 lb/acre, and 8 + 3 lb/acre to container-grown ornamental plants on an outdoor gravel pad and weeds in greenhouse experiments. Ornamental plants were treated first within a week after transplanting and again 6 weeks after the first treatment. Asiatic jasmine (Trachelospermum asiaticum), candlestick plant (Senna alata), and English ivy (Hedera helix) in Tennessee, USA; and ‘Blue Flag’ iris (Iris sp.), ‘Firecracker’ gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.), and ‘Green Carpet’ Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) in Connecticut, USA, were not injured with oxyfluorfen + prodiamine regardless of rate applied. Lily-of-the-Nile (Agapanthus africanus) in Tennessee, USA, and ‘Bowles’ periwinkle (Vinca minor) in Connecticut, USA, showed minor but commercially acceptable growth reduction with oxyfluorfen + prodiamine up to 4 + 1.5 lb/acre. Shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum) in Connecticut, USA, was the most sensitive ornamental plant. After the first application, average necrotic injury to Shasta daisy varied from 24% with 2 + 0.75 lb/acre to 31% with 8 + 3 lb/acre of oxyfluorfen + prodiamine. After the second application, necrotic injury was ≤ 5% with all oxyfluorfen + prodiamine rates tested and was commercially acceptable (≤ 20%). Oxyfluorfen + prodiamine reduced densities of creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata), hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) ≥ 80% by 4 weeks after treatment. The fresh weed biomass 6 weeks after treatment indicated an 88% to 99% reduction compared with the untreated control.
2017年和2018年,在美国康涅狄格州和田纳西州评估了观赏植物和杂草对氧氟草醚+丙草胺除草剂的反应。室外砾石垫上的容器栽培观赏植物和温室实验中的杂草分别以 0 磅/英亩、2 + 0.75 磅/英亩、4 + 1.5 磅/英亩和 8 + 3 磅/英亩的剂量萌芽前施用氧氟草酯+丙草胺。观赏植物在移植后一周内首先接受处理,在第一次处理 6 周后再次接受处理。美国田纳西州的亚洲茉莉(Trachelospermum asiaticum)、烛台草(Senna alata)和英国常春藤(Hedera helix),以及美国康涅狄格州的'蓝旗'鸢尾(Iris sp.)、'爆竹'剑兰(Gladiolus sp.)和'绿毯'日本桔梗(Pachysandra terminalis),无论施用量多少,都没有受到氧氟草酯+丙二胺的伤害。美国田纳西州的尼罗河百合(Agapanthus africanus)和美国康涅狄格州的'Bowles'长春花(Vinca minor)在施用氧氟草酯+丙硫异烟胺(4+1.5 磅/英亩)后,生长量略有减少,但在商业上是可以接受的。美国康涅狄格州的 Shasta daisy(Leucanthemum ×superbum)是最敏感的观赏植物。第一次施药后,Shasta 菊花的平均坏死率从 2 + 0.75 磅/英亩的 24% 到 8 + 3 磅/英亩的 31% 不等。第二次施药后,所有测试的氧氟草酯+丙硫异烟胺施用量的坏死率均低于 5%,符合商业标准(低于 20%)。施药 4 周后,氧氟草腙+丙二胺可使匍匐木犀(Oxalis corniculata)、毛苦荬菜(Cardamine hirsuta)、大狐尾(Setaria faberi)和大蟹腥草(Digitaria sanguinalis)的密度降低≥80%。与未处理的对照组相比,处理后 6 周的新鲜杂草生物量减少了 88% 到 99%。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of United States Consumers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Environmental Practices in the Retail Floral Industry Based on Geographical Regions 基于地理区域的美国消费者对花卉零售业可持续环境实践的看法和支付意愿比较
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05392-24
Coleman L. Etheredge, T. M. Waliczek, James DelPrince
With an increase in social awareness of environmental degradation and the need to conserve resources while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the environmental standards of the industries from which they purchase products. This has motivated industries to restructure their business model to one that is more environmentally sustainable. Research of consumers’ floral purchasing habits based on geographic regions found that these habits varied depending on the region where they lived. The main purpose of this study was to investigate US consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay as they relate to retail floral providers’ environmentally sustainable practices based on the geographical region where the consumer lives within the United States. The results indicated differences in the way respondents answered questions based on the geographical region where they live. However, regardless of the US region where the respondents live, from the list of sustainable attributes covered in this study, respondents indicated the use of locally sourced flowers and composting of floral waste as the two sustainable attributes with the most perceived value to consumers. The findings of this study indicate that floral providers that have incorporated any type of sustainable attribute into their businesses should be promoting this to the public. Floral providers located in the West and Northeast regions of the United States should especially consider emphasizing sustainable attributes within their business because consumers in these regions indicated that they were most willing to pay premiums for sustainable practices. Additionally, floral providers in the West should consider sourcing and promoting the use of fair-trade materials to their customers.
随着社会对环境退化认识的提高,以及在减少温室气体排放的同时保护资源的必要性,消费者越来越关注他们购买产品的行业的环境标准。这促使各行各业调整其商业模式,使其更具环境可持续性。对消费者基于地理区域的花卉购买习惯的研究发现,消费者的购买习惯因居住区域的不同而不同。本研究的主要目的是调查美国消费者对花卉零售商的环境可持续发展做法的看法和支付意愿,这些看法和意愿与消费者居住的地理区域有关。结果表明,受访者回答问题的方式因其居住的地理区域而有所不同。然而,无论受访者居住在美国哪个地区,从本研究涵盖的可持续属性清单中,受访者都表示使用本地采购的鲜花和花卉废弃物堆肥是消费者认为最有价值的两个可持续属性。本研究的结果表明,花卉供应商在其业务中融入任何类型的可持续属性,都应向公众推广。美国西部和东北部地区的花卉供应商尤其应考虑在其业务中强调可持续属性,因为这些地区的消费者表示他们最愿意为可持续实践支付溢价。此外,西部地区的花卉供应商应考虑采购公平贸易材料,并向客户推广使用。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Species of Pathogens Causing Bitter Rot of Apples in Illinois and Efficacy of Fungicides for Managing the Disease 确定导致伊利诺伊州苹果苦腐病的病原体种类以及杀真菌剂对该病的防治效果
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05377-23
Festus Acheampong, Andrew N. Miller, M. Babadoost
Outbreaks of bitter rot disease occurred in Illinois apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards during 2010–20. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of bitter rot in commercial apple orchards in Illinois, identify pathogen species that cause bitter rot, and evaluate the efficacy of fungicides for managing the disease. Orchard surveys conducted during 2019–21 showed that fruits with bitter rot were present in most of the orchards in southern and central Illinois, whereas only a few orchards in the northern part of the state had symptomatic fruits. A total of 270 isolates of the pathogens were collected from symptomatic fruits of 14 cultivars, and pathogen species were identified based on the morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolates. GAPDH gene sequence analyses identified species of the pathogens as Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. siamense, and C. chrysophilum. Laboratory and orchards studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides for managing bitter rot disease. Laboratory studies showed averages of 10.3, 9.6, and 0.24 mg⋅L−1 for the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of benzovindiflupyr, captan, and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin fungicides, respectively. Orchard experiments involving ‘Honeycrisp apples’ were conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Benzovindiflupyr, captan, and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin prevented bitter rot development in the treated plots.
2010-20 年间,伊利诺伊州的苹果(Malus ×domestica)果园爆发了苦腐病。本研究旨在评估伊利诺伊州商业苹果园苦腐病的发病率,确定引起苦腐病的病原体种类,并评估杀菌剂对该病的防治效果。2019-21 年期间进行的果园调查显示,伊利诺伊州南部和中部的大部分果园都出现了苦腐病果实,而该州北部只有少数果园的果实出现症状。从 14 个栽培品种的有症状果实上共收集到 270 株病原体分离物,并根据分离物的形态和分子特征确定了病原体种类。GAPDH 基因序列分析确定了病原体的种类为 Colletotrichum fioriniae、C. siamense 和 C. chrysophilum。对实验室和果园进行了研究,以评估杀菌剂防治苦腐病的效果。实验室研究表明,苯并茚虫威、克菌丹和氟虫腈+吡唑醚菌酯杀菌剂的 50%有效浓度(EC50)平均值分别为 10.3、9.6 和 0.24 mg-L-1。2019年、2020年和2021年进行了涉及 "Honeycrisp苹果 "的果园试验。苯并茚虫威、克菌丹和氟虫腈+吡唑醚菌酯可防止处理过的地块出现苦腐病。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Soluble Solids Concentration of ‘Geneva 3’ Kiwiberries Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy 利用近红外光谱预测 "日内瓦 3 号 "猕猴桃的可溶性固形物浓度
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05316-23
Aislinn Mumford, Zachary Abrahamsson, I. Hale
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be applied to nondestructively assess soluble solids concentration (SSC) of ripening, physiologically mature ‘Geneva 3’ kiwiberries (Actinidia arguta). Spectrographic signatures were captured using a handheld NIR produce quality meter to build predictive models of internal fruit quality for ‘Geneva 3’ kiwiberries that had been held under cold storage (CS) conditions (0 to 1 °C, >90% relative humidity) as well as those not subjected to CS. The CS model, constructed using scans of 133 berries following 4 to 6 weeks in CS, predicts SSC using NIR wavelengths in the range of 729 to 975 nm. A total of 507 berries fresh from the vine were used to construct a predictive model for SSC of non-CS fruit using the same wavelength range. In each case, model predictive performance was investigated using split-half cross-validation, resulting in mean absolute error (MAE) values of 1.2% and 0.8% SSC for the CS and non-CS model, respectively. Each full model was then used to predict SSC of kiwiberries subjected to the alternative CS condition. The non-CS model maintained a low MAE (1.6% SSC) when applied to CS fruit, but the MAE of the CS model applied to non-CS fruit rose considerably (4.5% SSC). The performance of a combined model was tested against both CS and non-CS models, and a benefit to using tailored, CS-specific models was found, particularly in light of cross-seasonal results. As it has proven in many crops, NIR spectroscopy appears to be a promising tool for nondestructively assessing SSC in ‘Geneva 3’ kiwiberry fruit, with accuracy being enhanced by training models specific to postharvest regimes and/or defined ranges of SSC.
近红外光谱法可用于无损评估成熟、生理成熟的 "日内瓦 3 号 "猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta)的可溶性固形物浓度(SSC)。使用手持式近红外农产品质量检测仪采集光谱特征,为在冷藏(CS)条件下(0 至 1 °C,相对湿度大于 90%)保存的 "日内瓦 3 号 "猕猴桃和未经过冷藏的猕猴桃建立内部果实质量预测模型。CS模型是通过对133颗在CS条件下存放4到6周的浆果进行扫描而建立的,利用波长在729到975 nm之间的近红外波长预测SSC。使用相同波长范围的近红外波长,共对 507 颗刚从葡萄树上摘下的浆果构建了一个非柑橘类水果 SSC 预测模型。在每种情况下,都使用分半交叉验证来调查模型的预测性能,结果是 CS 和非 CS 模型的 SSC 平均绝对误差 (MAE) 值分别为 1.2% 和 0.8%。然后,每个完整模型都用于预测猕猴桃在替代 CS 条件下的 SSC。当将非 CS 模型应用于 CS 果实时,其 MAE 保持在较低水平(1.6% SSC),但将 CS 模型应用于非 CS 果实时,其 MAE 则大幅上升(4.5% SSC)。综合模型的性能对照 CS 和非 CS 模型进行了测试,发现使用专门针对 CS 的定制模型有好处,特别是考虑到跨季节结果。正如在许多作物上所证明的那样,近红外光谱似乎是一种很有前途的工具,可用于对 "日内瓦 3 号 "猕猴桃果实的 SSC 进行非破坏性评估。
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引用次数: 0
Paclobutrazol Residues in Recirculated Water in Commercial Greenhouses 商业温室循环水中的百草枯残留物
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05367-23
R. Raudales, Mayra A. Toro-Herrera, Paul R. Fisher, Jennifer K. Boldt, J. Altland
Reusing irrigation water has technical, environmental, and financial benefits. However, risks are also associated with the accumulation of agrochemicals, in addition to ions, plant and food safety pathogens, and biofilm organisms. In this project, we measured the concentration of paclobutrazol (a persistent and widely used plant growth regulator) in recirculated water in greenhouses producing ornamental plants in containers. Solutions were collected from catchment tanks at nine commercial greenhouses across seven states in the United States in Spring and Fall 2014. Paclobutrazol was detected in all samples, with differences observed by season, greenhouse operation, paclobutrazol application method, and irrigation method. Across operations, the residual concentration of paclobutrazol was higher in spring for most greenhouses (ranging from 0 to 1100 µg·L−1) compared with the fall (ranging from 0 to 8 µg·L−1). The spray-drench application method resulted in the highest residual concentrations (up to 35 µg·L−1), followed by substrate drench (up to 26 µg·L−1) and foliage spray (concentrations under 3 µg·L−1). Residual concentrations were higher with overhead irrigation (up to 35 µg·L−1) compared with subirrigation systems (up to 15 µg·L−1). Our results indicate that paclobutrazol is likely to be a growth retardant risk in greenhouse operations recirculating water. A clear understanding of the risks associated with recirculated water intends to support the development and implementation of risk management strategies to ensure and promote safe use of recirculated water in greenhouses. Overall, the most effective preventative strategy is to ensure the use of the minimum amount of the a.i. necessary per unit of space and time.
灌溉水的重复利用具有技术、环境和经济方面的优势。然而,除了离子、植物和食品安全病原体以及生物膜生物之外,农用化学品的积累也会带来风险。在本项目中,我们测量了生产容器观赏植物的温室中循环水中吡效唑(一种持久性的、广泛使用的植物生长调节剂)的浓度。2014 年春季和秋季,我们从美国 7 个州 9 个商业温室的集水池中收集了溶液。在所有样品中都检测到了五氯丁唑,不同季节、温室操作、五氯丁唑施用方法和灌溉方法的检测结果存在差异。与秋季(0 至 8 µg-L-1)相比,大多数温室在春季(0 至 1100 µg-L-1)的百草枯残留浓度较高。喷洒-淋洗施用方法产生的残留浓度最高(达 35 µg-L-1),其次是基质淋洗(达 26 µg-L-1)和叶面喷洒(浓度低于 3 µg-L-1)。与灌溉系统(最高 15 µg-L-1)相比,高位灌溉(最高 35 µg-L-1)的残留浓度更高。我们的研究结果表明,在温室循环水操作中,安克鲁唑可能会带来生长迟缓的风险。清楚地了解与循环水相关的风险有助于制定和实施风险管理策略,以确保和促进温室中循环水的安全使用。总之,最有效的预防战略是确保在单位空间和时间内使用最少的必要活性成分。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus Fertilization Can Improve Young Almond Tree Growth in Multiple Replant Settings 磷肥可改善多次移栽环境中杏树幼苗的生长
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05143-22
Phoebe E. Gordon, N. Ott, Raman K. Brar, Brent A. Holtz, Greg T. Browne
Young almond (Prunus amygdalus) orchards replanted where old orchards of stone fruits (Prunus sp.) have been removed are subject to physical, chemical, and biotic stressors. Among biotic challenges, for example, is almond/stone fruit replant disease (ARD; formally known as Prunus replant disease), which specifically suppresses the growth and yields of successive almond and other stone fruit plantings and is caused, in part, by a soil microbial complex. During four orchard trials representing different almond replant practices and scenarios in the San Joaquin Valley in California, we examined the impacts of phosphorus (P) fertilization on the growth of replanted almond. During all trials, P was applied to tree root zones just after replanting, and the impact was assessed according to trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) growth for 2 years. Expt. 1 was performed where a previous almond orchard was cleared using whole orchard recycling (i.e., the old orchard was “chipped” and then turned into the soil). The land was replanted without preplant soil fumigation. We tested separate fertilizer treatments based on various P, nitrogen, micronutrient, and “complete” formulations. Expt. 2 was also performed where an old almond orchard was recycled, but the soil was preplant-fumigated before replanting. Here, we tested only P fertilization. Expts. 3 and 4 were conducted where an old peach (Prunus persica) orchard was removed. Here, P and nitrogen fertilizer treatments were tested among additional factors, including preplant soil fumigation (Expts. 3, 4) and whole orchard recycling chips (Expt. 4). During all four trials, P fertilization (P at 2.2 to 2.6 oz/tree within a few weeks after planting) significantly increased TCSA growth. The growth benefit was nuanced, however, by almond cultivar, date of replanting, rootstock, and other site-specific factors. Although P fertilization did not match the benefit of preplant soil fumigation for the management of ARD, our data indicated that P fertilization can improve the growth of young almond orchards in diverse replant settings with or without preplant soil fumigation and should be considered by California almond producers as a general best management practice.
在移除旧核果(Prunus sp.)果园后重新种植的新杏仁(Prunus amygdalus)果园会受到物理、化学和生物压力的影响。例如,杏仁/核果移栽病(ARD;正式名称为 "Prunus replant disease")就是一种生物挑战,它专门抑制杏仁和其他核果连续种植的生长和产量,部分原因是由土壤微生物复合体引起的。在加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷进行的四项果园试验中,我们考察了施磷肥对移栽杏生长的影响,这些试验代表了不同的杏树移栽方法和情况。在所有试验中,磷肥都是在移栽后施用到树木根部区域,并根据树干横截面积(TCSA)在两年内的增长情况评估其影响。试验 1 采用整片果园回收法清理了以前的杏树果园(即把旧果园 "切碎",然后翻入土壤)。重新种植时没有进行种植前土壤熏蒸。我们根据不同的磷、氮、微量元素和 "全效 "配方分别测试了不同的肥料处理。我们还进行了试验 2,回收了一片老杏树果园,但在重新种植前对土壤进行了种植前熏蒸。在这里,我们只测试了钾肥。试验 3 和 4试验 3 和 4 是在移走一片老桃园的情况下进行的。在这两个试验中,除其他因素外,还测试了钾肥和氮肥处理,包括种植前土壤熏蒸(试验 3、4)和整个果园回收切片(试验 4)。在所有四项试验中,施用磷肥(种植后几周内每棵树施用 2.2 至 2.6 盎司的磷肥)显著提高了 TCSA 的生长。不过,生长效益因杏树品种、移栽日期、砧木和其他特定地点因素而有细微差别。尽管施用钾肥与种植前土壤熏蒸在管理 ARD 方面的效益不相上下,但我们的数据表明,在不同的移栽环境中,无论是否进行种植前土壤熏蒸,施用钾肥都能改善幼龄杏树果园的生长,加利福尼亚州的杏树生产者应将此作为一般的最佳管理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae and Food Substrates on Weed Seed Emergence 黑兵蝇幼虫和食物基质对杂草种子萌发的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05273-23
Stephen L. Meyers, JEAN-MARIE ARANa, Luz Cardona Giraldo, Laura Ingwell, Laura Rodriguez, Nathaly Vargas
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) composting is biotechnology used for organic waste management and an alternative to traditional composting. We designed a two-phase experiment to evaluate the effect of BSFL composting on the emergence of the following six weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). The first experiment phase was in the laboratory (laboratory composting phase), which consisted of 100 seeds of each weed species subjected to five composting treatments [two controls (nontreated and standard Gainesville diet alone) and three types of substrates (standard Gainesville diet, vegetable waste, food waste) + BSFL]. Live pupa weighed 179 mg with the standard Gainesville diet + BSFL and 205 mg with the food waste diet + BSFL. Dry pupa weighed 68 mg and 70 mg, respectively. The BSFL in the vegetable waste + BSFL treatment did not pupate. During the second experiment phase, the composting treatments were placed in a greenhouse to evaluate weed emergence. Emergence in the nontreated control was 62% for barnyardgrass, 38% for common ragweed, 26% for giant foxtail, 66% for ivyleaf morningglory, 3% for redroot pigweed, and 69% for velvetleaf. Compared with the nontreated control, all treatments with BSFL reduced the emergence of each weed species to ≤1%, except for velvetleaf. This study suggests that BSFL composting may effectively reduce weed seed emergence of many weed species and could be a safe alternative to conventional composting processes to minimize weed pressure in compost. However, efficacy may vary by weed species and may be dependent on seed characteristics, such as an impermeable seedcoat.
黑兵蝇幼虫(Hermetia illucens; BSFL)堆肥是一种用于有机废物管理的生物技术,也是传统堆肥的一种替代方法。我们设计了一个两阶段实验,以评估 BSFL 堆肥对以下六种杂草出现的影响:稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)、普通豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)、大狐尾(Setaria faberi)、长叶牵牛花(Ipomoea hederacea)、红根猪笼草(Amaranthus retroflexus)和绒毛草(Abutilon theophrasti)。第一个实验阶段在实验室进行(实验室堆肥阶段),包括对每种杂草的 100 颗种子进行五种堆肥处理[两种对照组(未处理和单独的标准盖恩斯维尔饮食)和三种基质(标准盖恩斯维尔饮食、蔬菜废料、食物废料)+ BSFL]。标准盖恩斯维尔日粮 + BSFL 的活蛹重 179 毫克,厨余日粮 + BSFL 的活蛹重 205 毫克。干蛹重量分别为 68 毫克和 70 毫克。蔬菜垃圾 + BSFL 处理中的 BSFL 没有化蛹。在第二实验阶段,将堆肥处理置于温室中,以评估杂草的萌发情况。在未经处理的对照组中,稗草的出苗率为 62%,普通豚草为 38%,大狐尾稗为 26%,四叶牵牛花为 66%,红根猪笼草为 3%,绒毛草为 69%。与未处理的对照组相比,除绒毛草外,使用 BSFL 的所有处理都能将每种杂草的萌发率降至 ≤1%。这项研究表明,BSFL 堆肥可有效减少多种杂草种子的萌发,是传统堆肥工艺的安全替代品,可将堆肥中的杂草压力降至最低。不过,不同杂草种类的功效可能不同,而且可能取决于种子的特性,如不透水的种皮。
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引用次数: 0
Liner Propagation Method Influences Growth of Container Grown Bottlebrush 衬垫繁殖法影响容器栽培瓶花的生长
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05313-23
Tim Pannkuk, Kaitlin Hopkins
Bottlebrush (Callistemon vinimalis) is a widely propagated and cultivated ornamental large shrub with large red bottlebrush-like flowers. Traditional clonal propagation using stem cuttings may be replaced with tissue cultured liners. In this study, we established a container-grown field experiment of bottlebrush ‘Little John’ using liners propagated from both rooted stem cuttings and tissue culture. Growth index was recorded by propagation method periodically through the 34-week period, and both fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots recorded at experiment’s end. Final growth index of plants grown from tissue cultured liners were significantly greater than growth index of plants started from rooted stem cuttings. Both fresh and dry root weight means were significantly greater in plants propagated by tissue culture. Further testing of containerized bottlebrush production, through the flowering stage, will better determine whether tissue-cultured liners accelerate production time vs. liners from stem cuttings.
瓶子草(Callistemon vinimalis)是一种广泛繁殖和栽培的观赏性大灌木,开红色瓶子草状的大花。传统的茎扦插克隆繁殖可能会被组织培养衬垫所取代。在这项研究中,我们使用茎插条和组织培养的衬垫繁殖了瓶子草'小约翰',并建立了一个容器栽培的田间试验。在为期 34 周的实验中,我们按繁殖方法定期记录生长指数,并在实验结束时记录根和芽的鲜重和干重。组织培养衬垫植物的最终生长指数明显高于扦插生根植物的生长指数。组织培养繁殖的植株的根系鲜重和干重均明显大于组织培养繁殖的植株。对容器栽培的瓶子草在开花阶段的生产进行进一步测试,将能更好地确定组织培养衬垫与茎插衬垫相比是否能加快生产时间。
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引用次数: 0
First Field Evaluation of a Polylactic Acid-based Weed Barrier with Compost for Carrot Production 在胡萝卜生产中使用堆肥对基于聚乳酸的杂草屏障进行首次实地评估
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05370-23
Caleb D. Wehrbein, I. Kadoma, Sam E. Wortman
Hand weeding is a common but expensive weed management practice in organic carrot (Daucus carota) production. To improve weed suppression and reduce hand weeding in these systems, we developed and tested different biobased polylactic acid (PLA) mulch and compost combinations for carrot production. Carrot was direct-seeded onto PLA mulches and top-dressed with a layer of compost to facilitate carrot germination and rooting through the semipermeable mulch surface. This PLA mulch reduced total weed emergence by 90% relative to bare soil. Yields were not significantly different among mulch types and bare soil controls, partly because weeds were removed weekly after counting. The PLA mulch reduced plant available soil nitrate by 47% relative to bare soil controls. The results suggest that PLA mulch paired with compost is an effective alternative to hand weeding in carrot production. Future research should seek to address the observed nitrogen immobilization.
在有机胡萝卜(Daucus carota)生产中,人工除草是一种常见但成本高昂的杂草管理方法。为了改善这些系统中的杂草抑制并减少人工除草,我们开发并测试了胡萝卜生产中不同的生物基聚乳酸(PLA)地膜和堆肥组合。胡萝卜直接播种在聚乳酸地膜上,并在上面覆盖一层堆肥,以促进胡萝卜通过半透膜表面发芽和生根。与裸露土壤相比,聚乳酸地膜可减少 90% 的杂草出现。地膜覆盖类型和裸土对照之间的产量差异不大,部分原因是杂草在计数后每周都会被清除。与裸土对照相比,聚乳酸地膜将植物可利用的土壤硝酸盐减少了 47%。结果表明,在胡萝卜生产中,聚乳酸地膜与堆肥搭配使用可有效替代人工除草。未来的研究应设法解决观察到的氮固定化问题。
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引用次数: 0
Plasma-fixed Nitrogen Improves Lettuce Field Holding Potential 等离子固定氮可提高生菜田的持肥潜力
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05369-23
Benjamin Wang, Qiyang Hu, Bruno Felix Castillo, Christina Simley, Andrew Yates, Brian Sharbono, Kyle Brasier, Mark A. Cappelli
This study shows that plasma-fixed nitrogen applied as an inorganic biostimulant can improve marketable lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) yield following delayed harvest. Using just one-tenth of the conventional nitrogen, plasma-fixed nitrogen—which is generated by a dielectric barrier discharge over water—was field-tested against traditional fertilization methods. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in total weight of heads among treatments, plasma-fixed nitrogen–treated plants had significantly increased marketable yields of 250% compared to those grown conventionally, despite reducing applied nitrogen fertilizer.
这项研究表明,等离子体固定氮作为一种无机生物刺激剂施用,可以提高延迟收获后的莴苣(Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)上市产量。等离子固氮是通过水上介质阻挡放电产生的,其用量仅为传统氮肥的十分之一,在田间与传统施肥方法进行了对比试验。虽然各处理间的头总重量在统计学上没有明显差异,但与传统种植方法相比,等离子固氮处理过的植物尽管减少了氮肥施用量,但其可上市产量却显著提高了 250%。
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引用次数: 0
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Horttechnology
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