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A Rose Is a Rose Is a Rose... Or Is It? Ecotypes versus Locally Sourced Plants for Aquatic Habitat Restoration and Enhancement Projects 玫瑰是玫瑰,玫瑰是玫瑰……还是真的?生态类型与本地来源植物在水生生境恢复和增强项目中的比较
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05266-23
L. Gettys
Horticulturists and agronomists have a long history of using selective breeding to take advantage of intraspecific (within-species) variation with the goal of developing novel varieties of plant species. These efforts are responsible for the availability of countless improved food, forage, and ornamental varieties that are valued by farmers, landscapers, and home gardeners. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the idea of evaluating intraspecific variation to identify plants derived from a specific ecosystem (ecotypes) of native species that could improve the success rate of habitat restoration and enhancement projects, especially in aquatic systems. These projects often specify that plant material used for restoration be collected from local donor sites to preserve the area’s gene pool, but nearby source populations may be nonexistent or may not be well-adapted to conditions at the recipient (transplant) site. This paper, which summarizes information presented at the American Society for Horticultural Science Invasive Plants Research Professional Interest Group workshop in 2022, provides evidence that unimproved, wild-type species can be useful in aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement projects, particularly when conditions at sites targeted for restoration differ from those in nearby systems, or when sites are expected to undergo shifts in conditions because of factors such as climate change.
园艺学家和农学家利用种内(种内)变异,以开发植物物种的新品种,有着悠久的历史。这些努力促成了无数改良食品、饲料和观赏品种的供应,这些品种受到农民、园林设计师和家庭园丁的重视。相比之下,很少有人关注评估种内变异的想法,以确定源自本地物种特定生态系统(生态型)的植物,从而提高栖息地恢复和增强项目的成功率,特别是在水生系统中。这些项目通常规定,用于修复的植物材料是从当地的捐赠地收集的,以保护该地区的基因库,但附近的来源种群可能不存在,或者可能不太适应受体(移植)地的条件。这篇论文总结了2022年美国园艺科学学会入侵植物研究专业兴趣小组研讨会上提供的信息,提供了证据,证明未经改良的野生型物种可以用于水生栖息地的恢复和增强项目,特别是当恢复目标地的条件与附近系统的条件不同时,或者由于气候变化等因素,场地预计会发生条件变化。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of Dahlia Cultivars for Cut Flower Production in the Northeastern United States 美国东北部用于切花生产的大丽花品种比较
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05217-23
S. Burnett, B. Peterson, Isabella B. Oliveira, Taylor Bowers
A BSTRACT . Dahlias ( Dahlia × hybrida ) are a popular cut fl ower for local production in the northeastern United States. However, there are more than 20,000 cultivars to choose from, and the suitability of these cultivars as cut fl owers varies regionally. Fourteen dahlia cultivars were grown in Orono, ME, USA: Blizzard, Burlesca, Caf (cid:1) e au Lait, Caf (cid:1) e au Lait Rose, Clearview Daniel, Cornel, Cornel Bronze, Ivanetti, Lollipop, Neon Splendor, Rock Run Ashley, Sunspot, Tanjoh, and Tempest. These cultivars were selected after interviews with local dahlia growers. These cultivars all produced similar numbers of fl owers, but they differed in the time to form fl owers, stem length, and stem diameter. ‘ Rock Run Ashley ’ was the earliest to begin fl owering, at 35 days earlier than ‘ Tempest ’ and ‘ Caf (cid:1) e au Lait ’ , which fl owered last. ‘ Blizzard ’ and ‘ Tempest ’ had the longest stems and ‘ Lollipop ’ had the shortest stems. Growers may want to choose ‘ Rock Run Ashley ’ if they need fl owers earlier in the season, or ‘ Blizzard ’ or ‘ Tempest ’ if a longer stem length is desired. During a second study, we harvested fi eld-grown fl owers of ‘ Burlesca ’ , ‘ Cornel ’ , and ‘ Ivanetti ’ and treated them with deionized water or one of two commercial holding solutions. Holding solutions did not extend the vase life of ‘ Burlesca ’ or ‘ Ivanetti ’ , but they increased the vase life of ‘ Cornel ’ by 4 or 5 days.
摘要。大丽花(Dahlia×hybrida)是美国东北部当地生产的一种流行的切花。然而,有20000多个品种可供选择,这些品种作为切花的适宜性因地区而异。在美国缅因州奥罗诺种植了14个大丽花品种:暴雪、伯莱斯卡、Caf(cid:1)e au Lait、Caf。这些品种是在与当地大丽花种植者面谈后选出的。这些品种都产生了相似数量的花,但它们在形成花的时间、茎长和茎直径方面有所不同。”Rock Run Ashley是最早开始发力的,比最后发力的Tempest和Caf(cid:1)e au Lait早了35天暴雪和暴风雪的梗最长,棒棒糖的梗最短。如果种植者在本季早些时候需要开花,他们可能会选择“Rock Run Ashley”,如果想要更长的茎长,则可以选择“Blizzard”或“Tempest”。在第二项研究中,我们收获了“Burlesca”、“Cornell”和“Ivanetti”的实地生长的花朵,并用去离子水或两种商业保存溶液中的一种进行处理。保温溶液并没有延长“Burlesca”或“Ivanetti”的花瓶寿命,但它们使“Cornel”的花瓶使用寿命增加了4或5天。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivar and Fungicide Evaluations for Cercospora Leaf Spot Control in Organic and Conventional Table Beet Production 有机与常规甜菜生产中防治黑斑病的品种及杀菌剂评价
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05251-23
Liam Dixon, Irwin L. Goldman
Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) in Wisconsin, USA, and globally. Under conducive conditions, symptomatic lesions on the leaf expand and coalesce forming large necrotic areas that can ultimately lead to complete defoliation. This damage reduces productivity and threatens the ability to mechanically harvest. CLS damage also detracts from the visual appeal of fresh market bunched beets to such an extent that growers risk buyer rejection if CLS severity is observed to be greater than 5%. Fungicide use for CLS control is threatened by the emergence of resistant C. beticola strains, and the application of host resistance is constrained by limited knowledge of cultivar reaction to CLS in table beet. This study aimed to address the knowledge gaps of fungicide efficacy and cultivar reaction by conducting replicated field trials in multiple table beet growing environments across Wisconsin. Broad variation for resistance to CLS was observed among the 10 included cultivars. The mean area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) across environments for the most susceptible cultivar was 267% greater than the most resistant cultivar. Spearman correlations between environments for mean cultivar AUDPC value ranged from 0.71 to 0.99, revealing consistent cultivar CLS reactions across environments. Although susceptible cultivars surpassed 5% severity in all environments, the resistant cultivars remained below this threshold in six of the 10 environments. By comparison with resistant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) cultivars, however, all tested table beets appeared susceptible to CLS, highlighting the potential for a CLS breeding effort in table beet. Neither of the evaluated Organic Materials Review Institute–listed treatments were effective at limiting CLS disease progress, whereas both tested conventional fungicides significantly reduced disease severity over the nontreated plots. These findings may provide helpful guidance to table beet growers affected by CLS in Wisconsin and beyond.
甜菜Cercospora叶斑病(CLS)是甜菜最具破坏性的叶面病害,由甜菜Cercospora beticola真菌病原引起。在威斯康星州,美国和全球。在有利的条件下,叶片上的症状性病变会扩大并合并,形成大的坏死区域,最终导致完全的落叶。这种破坏降低了生产力并威胁到机械收获的能力。CLS损害也降低了新鲜市场束状甜菜的视觉吸引力,如果观察到CLS严重程度大于5%,种植者可能会拒绝买家。抗CLS菌株的出现威胁着杀菌剂的使用,而对甜菜品种对CLS反应的了解有限,限制了宿主抗CLS的应用。本研究旨在通过在威斯康星州多个食用甜菜生长环境中进行重复田间试验,解决杀菌剂功效和品种反应方面的知识空白。10个品种对CLS的抗性存在较大差异。不同环境下,最敏感品种的平均疾病进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)比最抗性品种大267%。不同环境下不同品种AUDPC值的Spearman相关性在0.71 ~ 0.99之间,表明不同环境下不同品种的CLS反应一致。虽然在所有环境中,敏感品种的严重程度都超过了5%,但在10个环境中,抗性品种在6个环境中仍低于该阈值。通过与抗甜菜(Beta vulgaris ssp)的比较。然而,所有测试的食用甜菜品种都对CLS敏感,这突出了在食用甜菜中进行CLS育种努力的潜力。两种评估的有机材料评论研究所列出的处理都不能有效地限制CLS疾病的进展,而两种测试的常规杀菌剂都比未处理的地块显著降低了疾病的严重程度。这些发现可能为威斯康星州及其他地区受CLS影响的食用甜菜种植者提供有益的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Plant This Not That: A Tool for Improving Invasive Species Identification and Expanding the Use of Sustainable Alternatives in Florida, USA, Landscaping 植物这个不是那个:在美国佛罗里达州改善入侵物种识别和扩大可持续替代品使用的工具,景观美化
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05277-23
S. Parrish, Tina McIntyre, Morgan G. Pinkerton, Sandra B. Wilson
The newly released “Plant This Not That: A Guide to Avoiding Invasive Plant Species in Florida” booklet emerges as a crucial tool in cultivating a comprehensive understanding of invasive species, facilitating informed decision-making in plant selection. Its unique focus on illustrating alternatives to invasive plants, coupled with its accessible format, can empower individuals to contribute to the preservation of Florida, USA, ecosystems. The booklet’s impact was displayed through an in-service training for 58 University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences extension personnel. Following the in-service training, attendees demonstrated statistically significant improvements in their perceived knowledge of four key invasive species concepts. This study highlights the booklet and accompanying training’s potential as a valuable resource for mitigating the impacts of invasive plant species.
新发布的“植物这个不是那个:佛罗里达州避免入侵植物物种指南”小册子成为培养对入侵物种全面了解的重要工具,有助于在植物选择方面做出明智的决策。其独特的重点是说明入侵植物的替代品,加上其可访问的格式,可以使个人为保护美国佛罗里达州的生态系统做出贡献。通过对58名佛罗里达大学/食品和农业科学研究所推广人员的在职培训,小册子的影响得到了展示。在职培训后,参会者对四种主要入侵物种概念的认知有了统计学上的显著提高。本研究强调了该手册及其附带的培训作为减轻入侵植物物种影响的宝贵资源的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes Toward and Preferences of Florida Consumers and Growers Regarding a Proposed Scientifically Based University Certification Process for Wildlife-friendly Plants 佛罗里达州消费者和种植者对野生动物友好型植物的科学大学认证过程的态度和偏好
4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05230-23
Caroline Nickerson, Christine Krebs, Laura A. Warner, Lauri Baker, Jaret Daniels, Adam Dale
This article shares survey results provided by both consumers and growers regarding the University of Florida Biodiversity Certified Plants for the Rapidly Expanding Urban Landscape Market project conducted at the University of Florida (UF). The overall goal of this project was to develop and test a scientifically based, UF-trademarked process for the certification of high-quality, commercially available, wildlife-friendly plants for the green industry. The objectives of two surveys that targeted consumers and growers, respectively, were to assess consumer and grower attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors pertaining to wildlife-friendly plants and a proposed certification. The consumer survey results ( n = 868) indicated that respondents (consumers) strongly agreed with purchasing wildlife-friendly plants, and that respondents would benefit from the proposed certification. The certification could help consumers gain a better understanding of which plants are wildlife-friendly at the point of purchase. Nearly half of consumers reported an inability to identify wildlife-friendly plants in the store, which hinders them from purchasing. The grower survey results ( n = 75) indicated that respondents were willing to offer biodiversity-certified plants. More growers rated themselves as innovators (the most innovative category) in terms of adopting innovations than any other diffusion of innovations category (early adopter, early majority, later majority, hesitant, or none of these), although the perceived cost of obtaining the certification was seen as a potential barrier toward grower adoption of the certification. These findings indicate that the proposed certification would be successful with appropriate and tailored marketing materials for both growers and consumers.
这篇文章分享了消费者和种植者提供的关于佛罗里达大学生物多样性认证植物的调查结果,该植物是在佛罗里达大学(UF)进行的快速扩展的城市景观市场项目。该项目的总体目标是开发和测试一种以科学为基础的、以uf为商标的过程,用于为绿色产业认证高质量、可商用、对野生动物友好的植物。两项调查分别针对消费者和种植者,目的是评估消费者和种植者对野生动物友好型植物和拟议认证的态度、知识和行为。消费者调查结果(n = 868)表明,受访者(消费者)强烈同意购买野生动物友好型植物,并且受访者将从拟议的认证中受益。该认证可以帮助消费者在购买时更好地了解哪些植物对野生动物无害。近一半的消费者报告说,他们无法在商店里识别对野生动物友好的植物,这阻碍了他们的购买。种植者调查结果(n = 75)表明,受访者愿意提供生物多样性认证的植物。在采用创新方面,更多的种植者将自己评为创新者(最具创新性的类别),而不是其他创新扩散类别(早期采用者、早期多数、后期多数、犹豫或没有),尽管获得认证的感知成本被视为种植者采用认证的潜在障碍。这些发现表明,如果对种植者和消费者都提供适当和量身定制的营销材料,拟议的认证将会取得成功。
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引用次数: 0
Many Landscape Grasses Survive Long-term Hardiness Trials in United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone 4b 许多景观草在美国农业部植物抗寒区4b的长期抗寒试验中存活下来
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05247-23
Mary Hockenberry Meyer, B. Miller
A long-term, landscape grass hardiness study was initiated in Summer 1987 at the University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum in Chanhassen, MN, USA [United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone (USDA PHZ) 4b, –20 to –25 °F]. This location averages a 158-day growing season (frost free), summer temperatures of 79.9 °F, and winter temperatures of 10.4 °F. Over 35 years, 392 different kinds of plants from the grass (Poaceae) and sedge (Cyperaceae) families were planted to evaluate winter survival, landscape value, flowering, and pest resistance. Most plants (n = 271, 69%) survived at least 4 years, 186 (47%) survived 10 years, 81 (21%) survived 20 years, and 29 (7%) survived 35 years. Sixty-eight plants (17%) were deemed not winter hardy in this location (USDA PHZ 4b), and 53 are listed with insufficient data for a hardiness rating. Changes in maintenance as well as challenges encountered with long-term trials of herbaceous plants are discussed.
1987年夏天,美国明尼苏达州尚哈森的明尼苏达大学景观植物园开始了一项长期的景观草耐寒性研究[美国农业部植物耐寒区(USDA PHZ)4b,-20至-25°F]。该地区的平均生长季节为158天(无霜),夏季温度为79.9°F,冬季温度为10.4°F。在35年的时间里,共种植了392种来自禾本科和莎草科的不同植物,以评估其冬季存活率、景观价值、开花和害虫抗性。大多数植物(n=271,69%)存活至少4年,186(47%)存活10年,81(21%)存活20年,29(7%)存活35年。68种植物(17%)被认为在该地区不耐寒(美国农业部PHZ 4b),53种植物的耐寒性评级数据不足。讨论了维护的变化以及草本植物长期试验中遇到的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Organic Fertilizer Sources and Application Rates on Onion Production in Georgia, USA 有机肥来源和施用量对美国乔治亚州洋葱生产的影响
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05254-23
Hanna Ibiapina de Jesus, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva, B. Dutta, K. Cassity‐Duffey, T. Coolong
A range of organic fertilizers are available for vegetable crops; however, there is a lack of information regarding the performance and rates of organic fertilizers commonly used in the production of Vidalia onion (Allium cepa). Two commercial organic fertilizers, a mixed source organic fertilizer [MIX (10N–0.9P–6.6K)] and a pelleted poultry litter [PPL (5N–1.8P–2.5K)], were evaluated in two soil types at application rates of 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 lb/acre nitrogen (N) to determine their impact in the production of Vidalia onions in Georgia, USA, with the objective of determining an optimal fertilizer source and application rate. Field trials were conducted in the 2019–20 and 2020–21 growing seasons in Watkinsville, GA, USA (Cecil series sandy clay loam soil) and Tifton, GA, USA (Tifton series loamy sand soil) on certified organic land. There were significant interactions among location, year, and fertilizer application rate for total marketable yield. In Watkinsville, total marketable yields of onions at different N rates ranged between 1320 and 4565 lb/acre in 2019–20, and between 9951 and 28,749 lb/acre in 2020–21. In Tifton, total marketable yields ranged from 3776 to 9264 lb/acre and 7094 to 14,066 lb/acre in the 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons, respectively. Aboveground onion N accumulation at harvest was affected by an interaction among location, study year, and fertilizer rate. The largest plant N accumulation was in Watkinsville in 2020–21, ranging from 26 to 50.8 lb/acre N in the 0- and 300-lb/acre N treatments, respectively. In 2020, there were no differences in soil inorganic N at harvest between plots receiving the MIX (9 lb/acre N) or PPL (9.8 lb/acre N) in either location. In 2021, soil inorganic N was greater in plots receiving the MIX fertilizer (14.8 lb/acre N) compared with the PPL fertilizer (11.2 lb/acre N). Yields increased linearly with additional fertilizer; therefore, an optimal application rate for organic fertilizers was not determined.
蔬菜作物可使用一系列有机肥料;然而,在生产葱(Allium cepa)中常用的有机肥的性能和比率方面缺乏资料。在美国乔治亚州的两种土壤类型中,评估了两种商业有机肥,混合源有机肥[MIX (10N-0.9P-6.6K)]和颗粒状家禽粪便[PPL (5N-1.8P-2.5K)],施氮量分别为0、100、150、200、250和300磅/英亩(N),以确定其对Vidalia洋葱生产的影响,目的是确定最佳肥料来源和施肥量。田间试验于2019-20和2020-21生长季在美国乔治亚州沃特金斯维尔(塞西尔系列砂质粘土壤土)和美国乔治亚州蒂夫顿(蒂夫顿系列壤土)的有机认证土地上进行。对总可售产量而言,地点、年份和施肥量之间存在显著的交互作用。在沃特金斯维尔,2019 - 2020年,不同氮肥水平下洋葱的总可售产量在1320至4565磅/英亩之间,2020-21年在9951至28749磅/英亩之间。在蒂夫顿,2019-20和2020-21季节的总市场产量分别为3776至9264磅/英亩和7094至14066磅/英亩。收获期洋葱地上部氮素积累受地点、研究年份和施肥量的交互作用影响。2020 - 2021年,沃特金斯维尔植株氮积累量最大,在0和300磅/英亩氮处理下,氮积累量分别为26 ~ 50.8磅/英亩。2020年,在混合施肥(9磅/英亩N)和PPL(9.8磅/英亩N)的地块之间,收获时土壤无机氮没有差异。2021年,施用MIX肥(14.8 lb/acre N)的地块土壤无机氮含量高于施用PPL肥(11.2 lb/acre N)的地块。因此,没有确定有机肥的最佳施用量。
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引用次数: 0
Turfgrass Use on US Golf Courses 草坪在美国高尔夫球场上的使用
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05238-23
T. Shaddox, J. B. Unruh, Mark Johnson, C. D. Brown, G. Stacey
Golf facilities account for 2.3 million acres in the United States. Numerous turfgrass species are managed on US golf facilities, but golf facilities may change turfgrasses depending on numerous variables. Knowing which turfgrasses are grown and how turfgrass selection has changed would provide important information to scientists, turfgrass managers, and policymakers. The objective of this survey was to measure turfgrass use on US golf facilities in 2021 and to determine whether changes in turfgrass selection have occurred since 2005. A survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to 13,938 US golf facilities, with 1861 responding. From 2005 to 2021, the total projected area of maintained turfgrass on US golf facilities decreased by 14.2%, which was likely a result of course closures and maintenance operations. Nationally, bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) remained the most common warm- and cool-season turfgrasses, respectively. The area of winter-overseeded turfgrass declined by 60% between 2005 and 2021. The percentage of golf facilities that used zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) increased depending on region and specific playing surface, albeit a pragmatically minor increase. In general, turfgrass selection on golf facilities in northern climates did not change, whereas turfgrass selection in southern climates favored a change from cool- to warm-season species, depending on the playing surface. Whether in historically cool-season or warm-season regions, it appears that many golf facilities are exploring alternatives to their traditional turfgrass species.
高尔夫设施在美国占地230万英亩。美国高尔夫设施管理着许多草坪草物种,但高尔夫设施可能会根据许多变量改变草坪草。了解哪些草坪草是生长的,以及草坪草的选择是如何变化的,将为科学家、草坪草管理者和政策制定者提供重要信息。这项调查的目的是衡量2021年美国高尔夫设施的草坪草使用情况,并确定自2005年以来草坪草选择是否发生了变化。一项调查通过电子邮件编制并分发给13938家美国高尔夫设施,1861家做出了回应。从2005年到2021年,美国高尔夫设施的草坪总预计面积减少了14.2%,这可能是球场关闭和维护作业的结果。在全国范围内,狗牙根(Cynodon sp.)和肯塔基蓝草(Poa pratensis)分别是最常见的暖季和冷季草坪草。2005年至2021年间,冬季监管的草坪面积下降了60%。使用结缕草(Zoysia sp.)和海滨雀鲷(阴道雀鲷)的高尔夫设施的百分比随着地区和特定比赛场地的不同而增加,尽管实际上略有增加。总的来说,在北方气候下,高尔夫设施上的草坪草选择没有改变,而在南方气候下,根据比赛场地的不同,草坪草的选择倾向于从冷季物种变为暖季物种。无论是在历史上凉爽的季节还是温暖的季节,似乎许多高尔夫设施都在探索传统草坪草的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Manipulation of Slicer Carrots by Foliar-applied Gibberellic Acid in New York 在纽约应用赤霉素对胡萝卜切片生长的调控
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05231-23
S. Pethybridge, S. Murphy, J. Kikkert
New York, USA, is a regional hub for processing carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) production and Nantes-type cultivars are preferred for slicing. Diameter is critical in carrots for slicing, with roots larger than 1 5/8 inch being rejected. The potential to manipulate carrot root diameter and hence suitability for slicing by foliar-applied gibberellic acid (GA3) was tested in four small plot replicated field trials over 3 years (2020, 2021, and 2022). In the most efficacious treatments, GA3 resulted in a 23.1% to 135.4% increase in foliar biomass at the expense of root weight and diameter. Increases in foliar biomass are beneficial to facilitate top-pulling harvest. Reductions in root diameter from GA3 ranged from 9.5% to 19.6%, and in 2020 and 2022, increased the proportion of roots suitable for slicing. GA3 did not significantly affect root length and number. In two 2021 trials, GA3 increased color intensity quantified by a colorimeter, but this change was not noticeable to the naked eye. The optimal number of GA3 applications was seasonally dependent, ranging from a single application at 107 to 108 days after planting (DAP) in 2021, to two applications at 74 + 92 DAP in 2022. Three GA3 applications per season or late applications (up to 14 days prior to harvest) were not beneficial.
美国纽约是加工胡萝卜(Daucus carota ssp.sativus)生产的地区中心,南特型品种是切片的首选品种。胡萝卜的直径对切片至关重要,大于1 5/8英寸的根会被拒收。在3年(2020年、2021年和2022年)的四个小区域重复田间试验中,测试了操纵胡萝卜根直径的潜力,以及通过叶面施用赤霉酸(GA3)进行切片的适宜性。在最有效的处理中,GA3以牺牲根重和直径为代价,使叶片生物量增加23.1%至135.4%。叶面生物量的增加有利于拔梢收获。GA3使根系直径减少9.5%至19.6%,2020年和2022年,适合切片的根系比例增加。GA3对根长和根数无显著影响。在2021年的两项试验中,GA3增加了色度计量化的颜色强度,但肉眼看不到这种变化。GA3的最佳施用次数是季节性的,从2021年种植后107至108天的一次施用到2022年74+92天的两次施用。每个季节施用三次GA3或延迟施用(收获前14天)都没有益处。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Different Aerification Methods for Ultradwarf Hybrid Bermudagrass Putting Greens 超矮杂交百慕草推杆果岭不同曝气方式的评价
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05213-23
Alejandra Sierra Augustinus, Patrick H. McLoughlin, A. F. Arevalo Alvarenga, J. B. Unruh, Marco Schiavon
Aerification and topdressing are important cultural management practices that help prevent organic matter accumulation and soil compaction in golf greens. However, these practices result in surface disruption and decreased putting quality during recovery. A 2-year study was conducted on a ‘TifEagle’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) putting green to determine the effect of different aerification methods and topdressing materials on soil properties and turfgrass recovery. Plots were aerified four times per year (May to Aug.) using 1/2-inch hollow tines, 1/4-inch hollow needle tines, hollow tines 2X + hollow needle tines 2X, or sand injection, and topdressed with either 90:10 (sand:peat) or green-dyed sand. Visual quality, normalized difference vegetation index, percent green cover, dark green color index (DGCI), surface firmness and volumetric water content were measured before initial aerification and at 7 and 21 days after aerification. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and organic matter (OM) content were measured monthly. Aerification with hollow tines and hollow tines 2X + hollow needle tines 2X resulted in lower firmness and OM and higher Ksat compared with hollow needle tines and sand injection. Sand injection showed the highest percent green cover and similar OM content compared with hollow tines and hollow tines 2X + hollow needle tines 2X. Green-dyed sand showed a higher percent green cover and DGCI compared with 90:10 sand:peat. Using hollow tines only or alternating them with hollow needle tines is the best option to decrease OM content while increasing Ksat in hybrid bermudagrass greens; however, their use could result in slower turfgrass recovery compared with other aerification methods.
通风和追肥是重要的文化管理实践,有助于防止高尔夫果岭中的有机物积累和土壤压实。然而,这些做法会导致表面破坏,并在恢复过程中降低推杆质量。对“TifEagle”杂交狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon×C.transvalensis)进行了为期2年的绿化研究,以确定不同的通气方法和追肥材料对土壤性质和草坪草恢复的影响。地块每年(5月至8月)使用1/2英寸中空尖齿、1/4英寸中空针状尖齿、中空尖齿2X+中空针状尖牙2X或注砂进行四次通气,并用90:10(沙子:泥炭)或绿色染色沙子进行表层处理。在初始通气前和通气后7天和21天测量视觉质量、归一化差异植被指数、绿色覆盖率、深绿色指数(DGCI)、表面硬度和体积含水量。每月测量饱和导水率(Ksat)和有机质(OM)含量。与中空针状物和注砂相比,用中空针状物以及中空针状物2X+中空针状物2X进行的验证导致较低的硬度和OM以及较高的Ksat。与中空尖齿和中空尖齿2X+中空针尖齿2X相比,注砂显示出最高的绿色覆盖百分比和相似的OM含量。与90:10的沙子:泥炭相比,绿色染色的沙子显示出更高的绿色覆盖率和DGCI。仅使用空心尖齿或将其与空心针状尖齿交替使用是降低OM含量同时增加杂交狗牙根果岭Ksat的最佳选择;然而,与其他通气方法相比,使用它们可能会导致草坪草恢复较慢。
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