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Tall Fescue Mowing Height Effects under Simulated Athletic Field Traffic 高羊茅在模拟运动场交通情况下的割草高度效应
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05219-23
Adam W. Thoms, Tim O. Dalsgaard, Alex J. Lindsey, N. Christians
Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) offers an alternative to kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) for use on athletic fields. Tall fescue has the ability to withstand athletic field traffic, but little is known about the best management practices such as optimal height of cut (HOC). A 2-year study was conducted on established ‘Snap Back’ tall fescue grown over a native soil root zone to determine optimal HOC under simulated athletic field traffic. Plots were maintained at various HOC treatments (1.5, 2, or 3 inches) for the duration of the growing season. Twenty-five simulated traffic events were applied each fall with a modified Baldree traffic simulator. The percentage of green cover (GC) loss per traffic event by HOC varied between years. In 2017, the 1.5-inch HOC improved traffic tolerance (–1.7% GC per event) compared with the other HOC treatments (–2.6% GC per event) in terms of percentage of GC. In 2018, the HOC did not have an impact on traffic tolerance. Differences in traffic tolerance between years could be a result of differences in precipitation (78 mm in 2017, 6 mm in 2018) during the period when traffic occurred, which suggest that the lower HOC performs better under wet conditions compared with the greater HOC. There were no differences among treatments for the safety variables measured (surface hardness, rotational resistance, and soil moisture).
高羊茅(Schedonorus arundinaceus)是肯塔基蓝草(Poa pratensis)的替代品,可用于运动场。高羊茅具有抵抗运动场交通的能力,但对最佳割高(HOC)等最佳管理实践知之甚少。一项为期2年的研究对生长在原生土壤根区上的“Snap Back”高羊茅进行了研究,以确定模拟运动场交通条件下的最佳HOC。不同的HOC处理(1.5、2或3英寸)在生长季节期间保持样地。每年秋天使用改进的Baldree交通模拟器应用25个模拟交通事件。每个交通事件的绿化覆盖(GC)损失百分比在不同年份之间有所不同。在2017年,与其他HOC处理(每个事件-2.6% GC)相比,1.5英寸HOC改善了流量容忍度(每个事件-1.7% GC)。2018年,HOC对交通容忍度没有影响。不同年份之间交通容忍度的差异可能是由于交通发生期间降水的差异(2017年为78毫米,2018年为6毫米),这表明较低的HOC在潮湿条件下比较大的HOC表现更好。不同处理的安全变量(表面硬度、旋转阻力和土壤湿度)没有差异。
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引用次数: 0
Using Citizen Science to Evaluate Home Gardeners’ Experiences with Compact Tomato Plants 利用公民科学评估家庭园艺师种植紧凑型番茄的经验
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05312-23
Daniela Perez-Lugones, Catherine G. Campbell, Celina Gómez
Understanding preferences and challenges of home gardeners is valuable to the consumer-horticulture industry. Citizen scientists in Florida were recruited to grow compact tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants started from seed, as transplants, or as flowering plants in a 16-week experiment. Participants, who had various gardening experience levels, were provided with a kit containing all materials needed to grow plants to maturity. Project engagement was encouraged with monthly online meetings and a social media page. A survey was delivered at the end of the project and completed by 117 participants. The survey aimed to evaluate participants’ preferences, challenges, and experiences with each plant product. Plants started as seed or as flowering plants were equally preferred among participants and were rated higher than transplants. However, participants were least satisfied with the yield, rate of plant growth, fruit taste, and care required to grow plants started from seed. Ninety-one percent of participants said they would be willing to pay more for flowering plants than for transplants. Across plant products, pests and flower/fruit drop were reported as challenges by up to 85% and 18% of participants, respectively. Results from this study highlight the potential of using citizen science to assess gardening experiences and preferences, which can support stakeholders who cater to the consumer-horticulture industry.
了解家庭园丁的偏好和挑战对消费园艺行业是有价值的。在为期16周的实验中,佛罗里达州的公民科学家被招募来种植从种子开始的紧凑型番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)植物,作为移植植物,或作为开花植物。参加者有不同的园艺经验水平,提供了一个工具包,其中包含种植植物成熟所需的所有材料。通过每月在线会议和社交媒体页面鼓励项目参与。在项目结束时,有117名参与者完成了一项调查。该调查旨在评估参与者对每种植物产品的偏好、挑战和体验。参与者对种子植物和开花植物的偏好程度是一样的,而且比移栽植物的偏好程度更高。然而,参与者对产量、植物生长速度、水果味道和从种子开始种植所需的护理最不满意。91%的参与者表示,他们愿意花更多的钱购买开花植物,而不是移植植物。在所有植物产品中,害虫和花/果掉落分别被高达85%和18%的参与者报告为挑战。这项研究的结果强调了利用公民科学来评估园艺经验和偏好的潜力,这可以为迎合消费者园艺行业的利益相关者提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Homeowners’ Prioritization of Landscape Features Regarding Aesthetic, Environmental, Financial, and Psychological Benefits 业主在美学、环境、经济和心理益处方面对景观特征的优先排序
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05249-23
Melinda Knuth, Xuan Wei, Xumin Zhang, H. Khachatryan
Maintaining and caring for residential landscapes is a crucial aspect of homeownership in the United States. For homeowners in the United States, residential lawns represent a significant economic investment, signal their social commitments, and reflect their personal characters. To investigate the differences in Florida homeowners’ priorities regarding residential landscape features, an online survey of 1220 homeowners was conducted. Four different groups of homeowners were identified based on their perceived importance of the four landscape features, namely, environmental, financial, aesthetic, and psychological benefits. Factors such as environmental and financial attitudes and social norms influencing homeowners’ decision-making were examined. The findings revealed that homeowners’ knowledge of landscaping practices and environmental attitudes impact their prioritization regarding landscape features.
在美国,维护和照顾住宅景观是房屋所有权的一个重要方面。对于美国的房主来说,住宅草坪代表着一项重大的经济投资,标志着他们的社会承诺,并反映了他们的个人性格。为了调查佛罗里达州房主在住宅景观特征方面的优先级差异,对1220名房主进行了在线调查。根据他们对四个景观特征的感知重要性,即环境、经济、美学和心理效益,确定了四组不同的房主。研究了影响房主决策的环境和金融态度以及社会规范等因素。研究结果表明,房主对景观实践和环境态度的了解影响了他们对景观特征的优先排序。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer Purchase Likelihood of Landscape Management Pest Scouting Program 消费者购买景观管理害虫侦察计划的可能性
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05268-23
Andrew H. Jeffers, B. Behe, Michael Vassalos, William C. Bridges, Sarah A. White
The US landscape industry consists of 632,000 businesses with >1 million persons employed in 2022. The most common service that landscape service providers (LSPs) perform is pest management. Over the past 25 years, LSPs have been challenged to adopt more holistic approaches to pest management via the use of nonchemical and less toxic chemical controls. Integrated pest management (IPM), specifically scouting, may be a useful approach for LSPs to manage pests more sustainably and market new services, such as biological control releases. Scant literature is available on LSP scouting practices or consumer acceptance of scouting services. The goal of this study was to determine if IPM-aware consumers were more likely to purchase a scouting program offered by an LSP. An online survey was distributed across the United States through a third-party panel service. The final sample included 928 usable responses. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. Fifty-seven percent of respondents reported having some knowledge or were very knowledgeable of IPM. Respondents 65 years of age and older were 13.1% points less likely to purchase a scouting service. Education level did not influence purchase likelihood. Consumer knowledge of IPM had a positive influence on the purchase likelihood, respondents with “some knowledge” (5.6%) and “very knowledgeable” (8.6%) were more likely to buy IPM services. Further, if the consumer was open to purchasing the scouting program, it is plausible that they might be more willing to allow an LSP to use a combination of chemical and nonchemical methods to manage pests.
到2022年,美国景观产业由63.2万家企业组成,就业人数超过100万。景观服务提供商(lsp)最常见的服务是害虫管理。在过去的25年里,LSPs面临着通过使用非化学和毒性较小的化学控制来采用更全面的害虫管理方法的挑战。害虫综合管理(IPM),特别是侦查,可能是lsp更可持续地管理害虫和销售新服务(如生物防治释放)的有用方法。关于LSP侦察实践或消费者对侦察服务的接受程度的文献很少。本研究的目的是确定是否有ipm意识的消费者更有可能购买由LSP提供的侦察计划。一项在线调查是通过第三方小组服务在美国各地进行的。最终样本包括928个可用回复。数据分析采用二元逻辑回归模型。57%的受访者表示对IPM有一些了解或非常了解。65岁及以上的受访者购买童军服务的可能性低13.1%。受教育程度对购买可能性没有影响。消费者对IPM的了解对购买可能性有正面影响,“有一些了解”(5.6%)和“非常了解”(8.6%)的受访者更有可能购买IPM服务。此外,如果消费者愿意购买侦察程序,他们可能更愿意允许LSP使用化学和非化学方法的组合来管理害虫。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Menopausal Quality of Life Claims: Overlooking the Requirements of Normal Science and Fundamental Measurement in ICER'S Cost-Effectiveness Assessment of Fezolinetant for Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms. 绝经后生活质量声明:在ICER对非唑啉坦治疗中重度血管舒缩症状的成本-效果评估中忽视了常规科学和基础测量的要求。
4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v14i1.5118
Paul C Langley

One of the signal failures in health technology assessment is the absence of consideration given, not only to the standards of normal science, but to those of fundamental measurement. A recent evidence report by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) is emblematic of this failure. Based on a simple linear regression model that translates aggregate scores from the ordinal Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) to the ordinal EuroQol EQ-5D-5L, ICER has applied these scores to an assumption driven model simulation to produce preferences, QALYs and incremental cost-per-QALY claims for fezolinetant for moderate to severe symptoms associated with menopause. Unfortunately, the attempt to crosswalk multidimensional or multiattribute ordinal scores is mathematically impossible. The 'created' EQ-5D-5L preferences are, as a result, of no interest. The overall result is that the ICER modelled claims for cost-effectiveness fail the required standards for normal science and fundamental measurement. fundamental are impossible. This is unfortunate, although it might be possible to assess certain domains of the MENQOL for their approximation to an interval score with the application of the Rasch Rating Scale Model, this will not support quality of life claims. A preferred approach would be to consider an alternative latent trait for quality of life in menopause, applying Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), to develop a polytomous instrument that has the required measurement properties. The purpose of this commentary is to point out, as a number of previous commentaries have done, that this framework for creating assumption driven simulated modelled claims has no role in decisions for product assessment, access to formulary and pricing. This commentary expands upon these previous commentaries in placing RMT is the context of a needed paradigm shift to support the evolution of objective knowledge. This is critical if we are to understand, from the individual's perspective, not only an accurate assessment of the burden of menopause but to see this as part of an on-going research program that has to rely on fundamental measurement.

卫生技术评估的一个明显失误是,不仅没有考虑到常规科学的标准,而且没有考虑到基本测量的标准。临床与经济评论研究所(ICER)最近的一份证据报告就是这种失败的象征。ICER基于一个简单的线性回归模型,将有序绝经特异性生活质量问卷(MENQOL)的总得分转换为有序EuroQol EQ-5D-5L,将这些得分应用于假设驱动的模型模拟,以产生fezolinetant对更年期相关中重度症状的偏好、qaly和每qaly增量成本索赔。不幸的是,试图跨越多维或多属性序数分数在数学上是不可能的。“创造”的EQ-5D-5L的偏好,因此,没有兴趣。总体结果是,ICER模拟的成本效益主张未能达到正常科学和基础测量所需的标准。根本是不可能的。这是不幸的,尽管有可能通过应用Rasch评定量表模型来评估MENQOL的某些领域对区间分数的近似值,但这并不支持生活质量声明。首选的方法是考虑更年期生活质量的另一种潜在特征,应用皮疹测量理论(RMT),开发一种具有所需测量特性的多染色体仪器。本评论的目的是指出,正如许多以前的评论所做的那样,这个创建假设驱动的模拟模型索赔的框架在产品评估、获取处方和定价的决策中没有作用。这篇评论对前面的评论进行了扩展,将RMT置于支持客观知识进化所需的范式转变的背景中。如果我们要从个人的角度理解,不仅要准确评估更年期的负担,而且要将其视为正在进行的研究项目的一部分,这是至关重要的,它必须依赖于基本的测量。
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引用次数: 0
Tall Fescue Seedling Growth as Affected by Postemergence Herbicides 出苗期除草剂对高羊茅幼苗生长的影响
4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05259-23
Dani McFadden, Jack Fry, Steve Keeley, Jared Hoyle, Zane Raudenbush
The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) seedling growth when seeded after herbicide application. Herbicide treatments included a nontreated control; 1.19 lb/acre 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.32 lb/acre methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid (MCPP) + 0.32 lb/acre dicamba; 0.75 lb/acre quinclorac; and 0.06 lb/acre halosulfuron-methyl. Seeding was done at 0, 3, 7, or 14 days after herbicide application to soil media. Two identical experiments were conducted in the greenhouse: Expt. 1 seedling growth from January to March and Expt. 2 from May to July (temperatures higher). Seeding dates after herbicide application did not influence growth. Average dry shoot weight reductions and dry root weight reductions caused by postemergence herbicides were 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba (33% shoot and 27% root in Expt. 2), quinclorac (30% shoot and 37% root in Expt. 2), and halosulfuron-methyl (51% shoot in Expt. 2; 81% root in Expts. 1 and 2). Although application of these herbicides before seeding in the field may result in no visual impact, they can impact seedling shoot and root growth, particularly under higher growth temperatures.
本温室研究的目的是评价除草剂施用后高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)播种后的幼苗生长情况。除草剂处理包括一个未处理的对照;1.19磅/英亩2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d) + 0.32磅/英亩甲基氯苯氧丙酸(MCPP) + 0.32磅/英亩麦草畏;0.75磅/英亩;0.06磅/英亩的甲基卤磺隆。在土壤介质上施用除草剂后0,3,7或14天播种。在温室内进行了两个相同的实验:实验1在1月至3月进行幼苗生长,实验2在5月至7月(温度较高)进行幼苗生长。施用除草剂后的播种日期对生长没有影响。出苗后除草剂造成的平均干梢重和干根重减少分别为2,4- d + MCPP +麦草畏(33%地上部和27%根部)、喹乐灭(30%地上部和37%根部)和甲基氟磺隆(51%地上部);尽管在田间播种前施用这些除草剂可能不会造成视觉上的影响,但它们会影响幼苗的茎部和根系的生长,特别是在较高的生长温度下。
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引用次数: 0
Reevaluation of the Application Method and Efficacy of Propiconazole in Controlling Laurel Wilt in Avocado Orchards in South Florida 丙环康唑防治南佛罗里达鳄梨月桂枯萎病方法及效果再评价
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05232-23
Mónica Navia-Urrutia, C. A. Sendoya-Corrales, J. Crane, R. Gazis
Propiconazole has fungistatic and fungicidal properties against Harringtonia lauricola, the causal agent of laurel wilt disease. Propiconazole injections are used by Florida, USA, farmers as a prophylactic method to manage the disease in avocado (Persea americana) trees, but its efficacy has remained questionable for more than a decade due to documented restricted mobility within the tree vascular system. This study was conducted to evaluate the absorption of propiconazole when using soil drenching as an alternative application method, assess the efficacy of propiconazole in controlling disease development when drenched or injected, and its synergistic effect on common cultural management practices used by the local farmers, such as branch removal and trunk cutting (“stumping”). To determine if propiconazole soil-drenching can provide better xylem coverage, potted and mature orchard trees were treated with different concentrations and artificially inoculated with the pathogen. Propiconazole translocation from the roots to above-the-ground tissue was confirmed in potted and orchard trees, but the concentrations in orchard trees were below the fungicidal threshold (1 ppm). Although none of the potted trees developed laurel wilt symptoms, all inoculated branches of the orchard trees did. Furthermore, noninoculated branches in more than 80% of the inoculated and propiconazole-treated orchard trees developed symptoms, even though the inoculated branch was cut at the early stages of disease development. To elucidate if propiconazole injections effectively control the disease, trees from a commercial orchard that were injected five times were challenged by artificial inoculation. Propiconazole concentration in trees was highly variable (ranging from < 0.01 to 294 ppm), but even in trees with a high concentration of propiconazole, inoculated and noninoculated branches developed symptoms. Even though drenched and injected trees were “stumped” soon after symptoms appeared in the noninoculated branches (4 to 5 months after inoculation), all of the stumps in the drenched plot and 80% of the injected trees, showed internal symptoms 5 and 4 months after the cut, respectively. Results demonstrate that the soil-drenching of propiconazole is an ineffective application method in orchard trees, and that the conventional injection does not prevent disease development after artificial inoculation. Moreover, because propiconazole does not prevent the movement of the pathogen to the trunk, the “stumping” of infected trees to reduce the disease in the orchard is an inadequate practice. This study highlights the critical need for other active ingredients with lower fungicidal thresholds, longer half-life, and higher xylem mobility.
丙环唑对月桂枯萎病的病原——月桂哈里顿菌具有杀菌和杀菌性能。美国佛罗里达州的农民使用丙环唑注射液作为预防鳄梨树疾病的方法,但十多年来,由于记录在案的树血管系统内活动受限,其疗效一直存疑。本研究旨在评估使用土壤浸泡作为替代施用方法时丙环唑的吸收情况,评估丙环唑在浸泡或注射时控制疾病发展的效果,以及其对当地农民使用的常见文化管理做法的协同作用,如拔枝和截干(“树桩”)。为了确定丙环唑土壤浸泡是否能提供更好的木质部覆盖,对盆栽和成熟果园树木进行了不同浓度的处理,并人工接种了病原体。在盆栽和果园树木中证实了丙环唑从根部转移到地上组织,但果园树木中的浓度低于杀菌阈值(1ppm)。尽管没有一株盆栽树木出现月桂枯萎病症状,但所有接种过疫苗的果园树木枝条都出现了。此外,超过80%的接种过丙环唑和丙环唑处理过的果园树木出现了未接种过的树枝的症状,尽管接种过的枝条在疾病发展的早期就被剪掉了。为了阐明丙环唑注射液是否能有效控制疾病,对一个商业果园中注射了五次丙环唑的树木进行了人工接种。树木中丙环唑的浓度变化很大(范围从<0.01到294ppm),但即使在丙环唑浓度高的树木中,接种和未接种的枝条也会出现症状。尽管在未接种枝条出现症状后不久(接种后4至5个月),被淋湿和注射的树木就被“树桩”了,但被淋湿的地块中的所有树桩和80%的注射树木分别在切割后5个月和4个月出现了内部症状。结果表明,丙环唑土壤浸种是一种在果树上无效的施用方法,常规注射也不能阻止人工接种后疾病的发展。此外,由于丙环唑不能阻止病原体向树干转移,因此在果园中“树桩”感染树木以减少疾病是一种不充分的做法。这项研究强调了对其他具有较低杀真菌阈值、较长半衰期和较高木质部流动性的活性成分的迫切需求。
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引用次数: 0
Climate-ready Landscape Plants: Garden Roses Trialed at Reduced Irrigation Frequency in Utah, USA 气候适宜的景观植物:美国犹他州减少灌溉频率的花园玫瑰试验
4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05252-23
Ji-Jhong Chen, Youping Sun, Lorence R. Oki, Jared A. Sisneroz, Karrie Reid, Lloyd L. Nackley, Ryan N. Contreras, Soo-Hyung Kim, Ursula K. Schuch, Darren L. Haver, Miro Stuke, Allison Fron, Kelly Kopp, Scott B. Jones, Lawrence Hipps
Increased urban and suburban populations in the arid western United States have resulted in more water demand; however, water availability in the region has become limited because of inadequate precipitation. Recent droughts have led to restrictions on irrigating landscape plants. Garden rose ( Rosa × hybrida ) is commonly used as flowering plants in residential landscapes, but its drought tolerance has not been widely studied. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of reduced irrigation frequency on visual quality, plant growth, and physiology of five garden rose cultivars, including ChewPatout (Oso Easy ® Urban Legend ® ), Meibenbino (Petite Knock Out ® ), MEIRIFTDAY (Oso Easy ® Double Pink), Overedclimb (Cherry Frost™), and Radbeauty (Sitting Pretty™). Twenty-four plants of each rose cultivar were established in a trial plot at Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Greenville Research Farm (North Logan, UT, USA) in Summer 2021. Plants were randomly assigned to one of three deficit irrigation treatments for which irrigation frequencies were calculated using 80% reference evapotranspiration (ET O ) (high), 50% ET O (medium), and 20% ET O (low). The total volumes of irrigation water applied to each plant were 345.6, 172.8, and 43.2 L for the high, medium, and low irrigation frequencies, respectively, during the deficit irrigation trial from 12 May to 30 Sep 2022. Root zones were wetted more frequently as irrigation frequency increased from low to high irrigation frequencies. Decreased irrigation frequency increased the number of visibly wilted and damaged leaves on all rose cultivars. However, only ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ exhibited a reduction in overall appearance under decreased irrigation frequency. The relative growth indices of both ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ decreased by 6%, whereas the dry weights of their leaves decreased by 37% and 36%, respectively, as irrigation decreased from high to low frequencies. Roses in this study appeared to decrease stomatal conductance up to 51% when irrigation decreased from high to low frequencies, or when air temperature increased. ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ exhibited unacceptable overall appearance, growth reduction, and higher leaf–air temperature differences, and they were less tolerant to reduced irrigation. Although the ‘Radbeauty’ maintained plant growth under the reduced irrigation frequency, the large leaf size led to a more visibly wilted appearance and the potential for heat stress, thus impairing visual quality. ‘ChewPatout’ and ‘Overedclimb’ were most tolerant to deficit irrigation at 20% ET O and maintained plant growth with acceptable visual quality and lower leaf temperatures when they received one irrigation during the growing season.
在干旱的美国西部,城市和郊区人口的增加导致了更多的水需求;然而,由于降水不足,该地区的水资源供应已经变得有限。最近的干旱导致景观植物的灌溉受到限制。摘要园林玫瑰(Rosa × hybrida)是住宅景观中常用的开花植物,但其耐旱性尚未得到广泛研究。本研究的目的是确定减少灌溉频率对五种花园玫瑰品种的视觉质量、植物生长和生理的影响,包括ChewPatout (Oso Easy®Urban Legend®)、Meibenbino (Petite Knock Out®)、MEIRIFTDAY (Oso Easy®Double Pink)、Overedclimb (Cherry Frost™)和Radbeauty (Sitting Pretty™)。2021年夏季,在犹他州农业实验站Greenville研究农场(North Logan, UT, USA)的试验田中,每种玫瑰品种的24株被种植。植物被随机分配到三种亏缺灌溉处理中的一种,灌溉频率分别使用80%参考蒸散发(高)、50%参考蒸散发(中)和20%参考蒸散发(低)来计算。亏缺灌溉试验期间(2022年5月12日至9月30日),高、中、低灌溉频率下每株灌水量分别为345.6、172.8和43.2 L。随着灌溉频率由低到高,根区湿润频率增加。灌溉次数的减少增加了所有品种明显枯萎和受损叶片的数量。然而,只有“Meibenbino”和“MEIRIFTDAY”在减少灌溉频率下表现出整体外观的减少。随着灌溉频率从高到低,‘美本比诺’和‘美日’的相对生长指数下降了6%,叶片干重分别下降了37%和36%。在本研究中,当灌溉频率从高降低到低或气温升高时,玫瑰的气孔导度降低高达51%。“Meibenbino”和“MEIRIFTDAY”表现出不可接受的整体外观,生长减少,叶-空气温差较大,并且对减少灌溉的耐受性较差。虽然“Radbeauty”在减少灌溉频率的情况下保持了植株的生长,但叶片过大导致更明显的枯萎外观和热胁迫的可能性,从而损害了视觉质量。“ChewPatout”和“Overedclimb”对20% ET O的亏缺灌溉最耐受,当它们在生长季节接受一次灌溉时,它们能以可接受的视觉质量和较低的叶温保持植物生长。
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引用次数: 0
Building Agricultural Knowledge of Soil-biodegradable Plastic Mulch 构建土壤生物降解地膜的农业知识
IF 1 4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05248-23
Srijana Shrestha, L. DeVetter, Carol Miles, Jazmine Mejia-Muñoz, Pam Krone, Mark Bolda, Shuresh Ghimire
The use of polyethylene (PE) mulch causes environmental pollution where incomplete removal leaves fragments susceptible to escape to ecosystems, such as the ocean, where they can cause ecological harm. PE mulch is generally nonrecyclable due to contamination with soil and crop debris after use, leaving growers with few end-of-life options for used PE mulch. Research studies have shown that soil-biodegradable plastic mulch (BDM) is comparable to PE mulch in terms of performance, soil health, and overall economics and is preferred from an environmental perspective, but the adoption of BDM by producers is still low. Previous research has shown that the primary barriers to BDM adoption are insufficient knowledge about BDM, high purchase cost, and unpredictable breakdown of BDM in the soil. The high purchase cost of BDM compared with PE mulch is offset by the costs for PE mulch removal, transport, and disposal fees. This project was conducted to develop BDM training materials, to educate and assess BDM knowledge gained by extension personnel and other agricultural professionals through trainings and webinars, and to educate producers about BDM through hands-on experience. Thirty-six research and extension publication outputs from two previous US Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative BDM projects were reviewed and transcribed into 45 new extension publications that included 11 slide presentations, 5 lecture slides, 10 fact sheets, and 3 videos. All the training materials are posted on a public university website. Professional development trainings were conducted at local, regional, national, and international levels to provide agricultural professionals the current, science-based information on BDM and resources for information. Survey results showed that at a local level, the greatest change of knowledge among participants was observed for “BDM use in organic production” (60%), and the lowest reported change of knowledge was observed for “limitations to PE mulch disposal” (19%). At a regional level, out of 58 participants, 23% to 35% of participants learned “a lot” and 35% to 51% learned “some new information” regarding BDM from the webinar. At the national level, out of 30 participants, 48% responded that they learned “a lot” and another 48% learned “some new information” on BDM from the training. Growers were trained about BDM via field days and on-farm demonstrations where five strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) growers volunteered to participate in BDM trials. The participant growers observed no difference in weed control and fruit yield between the PE mulch and the BDM. Growers expressed concerns about slow biodegradation of BDM after soil incorporation, potential impacts on soil biological activity, food safety concerns with BDM fragments and that BDM is not currently permitted for use in organic production.
聚乙烯(PE)覆盖物的使用会造成环境污染,不完全去除会使碎片容易逃逸到海洋等生态系统中,从而造成生态危害。聚乙烯地膜通常是不可回收的,由于污染的土壤和作物碎片后使用,留给种植者很少的报废聚乙烯地膜的选择。研究表明,土壤生物降解塑料地膜(BDM)在性能、土壤健康和整体经济方面与PE地膜相当,从环境角度来看是首选,但生产者对BDM的采用率仍然很低。先前的研究表明,采用BDM的主要障碍是对BDM的了解不足,购买成本高,以及BDM在土壤中的不可预测分解。与PE地膜相比,BDM的高购买成本被PE地膜去除、运输和处理费的成本所抵消。该项目的目的是编写BDM培训材料,对推广人员和其他农业专业人员通过培训和网络研讨会获得的BDM知识进行教育和评估,并通过实践经验对生产者进行BDM教育。来自美国农业部特种作物研究计划(BDM)之前的两个项目的36项研究和推广出版物进行了审查,并转录成45份新的推广出版物,其中包括11张幻灯片、5张讲座幻灯片、10张情况说明书和3个视频。所有的培训材料都发布在一个公立大学的网站上。在地方、区域、国家和国际各级开展了专业发展培训,为农业专业人员提供最新的、基于科学的BDM信息和信息资源。调查结果显示,在地方层面上,参与者对“BDM在有机生产中的使用”的知识变化最大(60%),而对“PE地膜处置的限制”的知识变化最低(19%)。在地区层面,在58名参与者中,23%至35%的参与者从网络研讨会中学到了“很多”,35%至51%的参与者从网络研讨会中学到了关于BDM的“一些新信息”。在国家层面,在30名参与者中,48%的人回应说他们从培训中学到了“很多”,另有48%的人从培训中学到了关于BDM的“一些新信息”。种植者通过田间日和农场示范接受了BDM培训,五个草莓种植者(Fragaria ×ananassa)自愿参加BDM试验。参与试验的种植者观察到PE地膜和BDM在杂草控制和水果产量方面没有差异。种植者表达了对土壤掺入后BDM生物降解缓慢的担忧,对土壤生物活性的潜在影响,BDM碎片的食品安全问题,以及BDM目前不允许用于有机生产。
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引用次数: 0
Pine Straw Mulch Depth Modulates Soil Conditions 松木秸秆覆盖深度调节土壤条件
4区 农林科学 Q3 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/horttech05272-23
Damon E. Abdi, Jeb S. Fields, Jeffrey Beasley
Mulching landscape beds is a common task for landscapers seeking to affect soil conditions and reduce weed pressure. This study investigated the effects of three pine ( Pinus sp.) straw mulch depths (5, 10, and 15 cm) on soil moisture/temperature modulation during late winter/spring. No differences in soil volumetric water content were observed; however, increasing mulch depth to ≥10 cm decreased fluctuations in temperature. This research provides a better understanding of the effect of mulch depth and potential environmental benefits so that landscape contractors can determine cost-benefits of mulching applications.
覆盖景观床是园艺师寻求影响土壤条件和减少杂草压力的常见任务。研究了3种松(Pinus sp.)秸秆覆盖深度(5、10和15 cm)对冬末春末土壤水分/温度调节的影响。土壤体积含水量无显著差异;然而,增加覆盖深度至≥10 cm可降低温度波动。这项研究提供了更好地了解覆盖深度的影响和潜在的环境效益,以便景观承包商可以确定覆盖应用的成本效益。
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引用次数: 0
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Horttechnology
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