Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709253
M. B. Srinivas, A. Kojima, Y. Suzuoki, M. Nagao, M. Kosaki
In this paper we report the preliminary results of a short-term study on degradation due to internal PD in LDPE at 77 K. An attempt is made to understand the partial discharge mechanisms in polymers containing a void at room and cryogenic temperatures by comparing the time evolution of PD patterns.
{"title":"A comparative study of partial discharge pattern evolution in polymers at room and cryogenic temperatures","authors":"M. B. Srinivas, A. Kojima, Y. Suzuoki, M. Nagao, M. Kosaki","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709253","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we report the preliminary results of a short-term study on degradation due to internal PD in LDPE at 77 K. An attempt is made to understand the partial discharge mechanisms in polymers containing a void at room and cryogenic temperatures by comparing the time evolution of PD patterns.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"46 1","pages":"173-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79726547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709262
B. Sanden, E. Iidstad
In this paper we present results from experiments performed in order to characterise such a polypropylene film with respect to its electrical and mechanical properties. This involved studying the effect of temperature on the conduction current, DC electrical breakdown strength and the tensile strength.
{"title":"DC electrical and mechanical characterisation of polypropylene film","authors":"B. Sanden, E. Iidstad","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709262","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present results from experiments performed in order to characterise such a polypropylene film with respect to its electrical and mechanical properties. This involved studying the effect of temperature on the conduction current, DC electrical breakdown strength and the tensile strength.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"84 1","pages":"210-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84662878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709219
D. Marsacq, P. Hourquebie, H. Janah
In order to try to improve dielectric properties of polymers, we have explored the space charge characteristics by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By controlling the conditions of charge injection close to the surface of the sample, it has been possible to evaluate on one hand the trapping ability of the material and on the other hand the corresponding detrapping potential. This latter parameter was connected to the space charge spreading during injection as seen by a decrease of the detrapping potential with increasing the size of the domain where the charges are injected. This size can be monitored by a careful control of the focalisation of the electron beam on the surface of the sample. Using this technic a same amount of charges can be injected into domains with different size. Moreover, the surface potential was found to be dependent on the structural parameters of the tested polymers such as branching ratio. To better characterize the space charge properties, the detrapping potential has been examined at different temperatures. These experiences have indicated that above a critical value a decrease of the sample temperature strongly affects the space charge spreading. Characterization of the evolution of the dielectric losses (tan/spl delta/) with the temperature showed that this critical temperature was close to the glass transition temperature of the sample. These results have suggested that the macromolecules motion plays a significant role in the space charge spreading.
{"title":"Evaluation of space charge properties in polymers by using a scanning electron microscope","authors":"D. Marsacq, P. Hourquebie, H. Janah","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709219","url":null,"abstract":"In order to try to improve dielectric properties of polymers, we have explored the space charge characteristics by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By controlling the conditions of charge injection close to the surface of the sample, it has been possible to evaluate on one hand the trapping ability of the material and on the other hand the corresponding detrapping potential. This latter parameter was connected to the space charge spreading during injection as seen by a decrease of the detrapping potential with increasing the size of the domain where the charges are injected. This size can be monitored by a careful control of the focalisation of the electron beam on the surface of the sample. Using this technic a same amount of charges can be injected into domains with different size. Moreover, the surface potential was found to be dependent on the structural parameters of the tested polymers such as branching ratio. To better characterize the space charge properties, the detrapping potential has been examined at different temperatures. These experiences have indicated that above a critical value a decrease of the sample temperature strongly affects the space charge spreading. Characterization of the evolution of the dielectric losses (tan/spl delta/) with the temperature showed that this critical temperature was close to the glass transition temperature of the sample. These results have suggested that the macromolecules motion plays a significant role in the space charge spreading.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"28 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80346562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709220
P. Scarpa, D. Das-Gupta
The present paper reports results of high field polarization and dielectric relaxation behaviour of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) aged at constant alternating field stress in a humid environment at room temperature. It is suggested that it is established a competitive process as the ageing progresses, involving a dipolar component originating from an expected increase in the polar moieties and a space charge component arising from injection from the field. The space charge component is observed to get more dominant as the ageing progresses. The situation may be reflected as a Quasi DC (QDC) process in the low frequency range with the ageing time, in addition to dipolar relaxation peaks obeying the fractional power law observed in the medium frequency range and in the high frequency range.
{"title":"Effects of space charge and dipoles on dielectric relaxation of polyethylene and its ageing in humid environment","authors":"P. Scarpa, D. Das-Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709220","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports results of high field polarization and dielectric relaxation behaviour of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) aged at constant alternating field stress in a humid environment at room temperature. It is suggested that it is established a competitive process as the ageing progresses, involving a dipolar component originating from an expected increase in the polar moieties and a space charge component arising from injection from the field. The space charge component is observed to get more dominant as the ageing progresses. The situation may be reflected as a Quasi DC (QDC) process in the low frequency range with the ageing time, in addition to dipolar relaxation peaks obeying the fractional power law observed in the medium frequency range and in the high frequency range.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"209 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83664468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709300
E. Husain, M. M. Mohsin, S. Naqvi
Liquid nitrogen (LN/sub 2/) and cryogenic nitrogen (CGN/sub 2/) are found suitable not only as coolants but also as insulating materials for high critical temperature superconductors (HTSC). Experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate the dielectric strength of LN/sub 2/, under varying field conditions. Experiments were also performed with CGN/sub 2/ and solid insulting materials immersed in LN/sub 2/ using spherical electrodes. The breakdown strength of insulating materials has been found to increase significantly at cryogenic temperatures in comparison to atmospheric temperatures. The increase in breakdown strength of insulating materials like cotton tape, empire tape, Leatheroid paper, varnished paper, Presspahn, Bakelite sheet and mica is comparatively large with respect to materials like P.V.C., minimax and perspex. No apparent physical change was noticed in case of cotton tape, empire tape, Leatheroid paper, varnished paper, Presspahn, Bakelite sheet and mica, when immersed in LN/sub 2/ while minimax P.V.C. and perspex sheet got hardened and colour of rest pieces of these materials got faded till they remained immersed in LN/sub 2/.
{"title":"Insulating materials for super-conductors, their characteristics at cryogenic temperature","authors":"E. Husain, M. M. Mohsin, S. Naqvi","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709300","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid nitrogen (LN/sub 2/) and cryogenic nitrogen (CGN/sub 2/) are found suitable not only as coolants but also as insulating materials for high critical temperature superconductors (HTSC). Experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate the dielectric strength of LN/sub 2/, under varying field conditions. Experiments were also performed with CGN/sub 2/ and solid insulting materials immersed in LN/sub 2/ using spherical electrodes. The breakdown strength of insulating materials has been found to increase significantly at cryogenic temperatures in comparison to atmospheric temperatures. The increase in breakdown strength of insulating materials like cotton tape, empire tape, Leatheroid paper, varnished paper, Presspahn, Bakelite sheet and mica is comparatively large with respect to materials like P.V.C., minimax and perspex. No apparent physical change was noticed in case of cotton tape, empire tape, Leatheroid paper, varnished paper, Presspahn, Bakelite sheet and mica, when immersed in LN/sub 2/ while minimax P.V.C. and perspex sheet got hardened and colour of rest pieces of these materials got faded till they remained immersed in LN/sub 2/.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"4 1","pages":"361-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79902991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709278
A. Leighton, R.D. Naybour, L. Warren
In the last few years it has become established that electroluminescence (EL) is emitted prior to the growth of electrical trees in a range of polymeric materials. Previous workers have related light emission to the calculated electrical field even though it is known that space charges can influence the internal electrical field. In this paper light emission from cross-linked polyethylene insulated samples has been measured and an attempt has been made to alter the internal field using DC polarisation and to investigate any effects upon the emitted light.
{"title":"Light emission and electrical tree initiation in highly stressed XLPE and the effect of DC prestressing","authors":"A. Leighton, R.D. Naybour, L. Warren","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709278","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years it has become established that electroluminescence (EL) is emitted prior to the growth of electrical trees in a range of polymeric materials. Previous workers have related light emission to the calculated electrical field even though it is known that space charges can influence the internal electrical field. In this paper light emission from cross-linked polyethylene insulated samples has been measured and an attempt has been made to alter the internal field using DC polarisation and to investigate any effects upon the emitted light.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"393 1","pages":"273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80043467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709307
Fengjun Wei, Wei Wei, Wu Hongcai
By using DBSA as a surface active and protonization solvent, water as solvent, we process the emulsion polymerization of PAN. By matching the p-PAN polymer which has a conductivity from 0.01-10 S/cm and the absorption spectrum from 200 to 500 nm and from 800 to 1100 nm respectively, with the n-semiconductor dye which has an absorption spectrum from 500-800 nm, we make a photoelectric cell with high values. The cell has a cheap price and simple technology. Putting the components of the photoelectric cell composed of p-PAN/n-perylene under sunlight, its short-circuit current, Isc is 10 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/, and the open-circuit voltage, Voc, reaches 400 mV.
{"title":"Study of photovoltaic properties of conducting polymers","authors":"Fengjun Wei, Wei Wei, Wu Hongcai","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709307","url":null,"abstract":"By using DBSA as a surface active and protonization solvent, water as solvent, we process the emulsion polymerization of PAN. By matching the p-PAN polymer which has a conductivity from 0.01-10 S/cm and the absorption spectrum from 200 to 500 nm and from 800 to 1100 nm respectively, with the n-semiconductor dye which has an absorption spectrum from 500-800 nm, we make a photoelectric cell with high values. The cell has a cheap price and simple technology. Putting the components of the photoelectric cell composed of p-PAN/n-perylene under sunlight, its short-circuit current, Isc is 10 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/, and the open-circuit voltage, Voc, reaches 400 mV.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"100 1","pages":"389-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77119304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709270
U. Lee, T. Shin, Y.G. Park, K. Lim, S.H. Kang, B. Ryu
We have investigated how morphology and electrical properties in Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) are changed by uniaxial elongation. XRD pattern shows that interplanar distance and crystallization are decreased by increasing elongation ratio. Electrical conduction mechanism of PPS is explained as Schottky emission from analysis of electrical current. The electrical current is decreased and the insulation resistivity is increased by increasing elongation ratio. The conductivity is changed remarkably above the glass transition temperature around 82/spl deg/C. The band gap of PPS is evaluated as 3.9 /spl sim/4 eV from the results of photoconductivity. Increasement of elongation ratio gives us some about deep trap formation from photocurrent.
{"title":"The properties of electrical conduction and photoconduction in polyphenylene sulfide by uniaxial elongation","authors":"U. Lee, T. Shin, Y.G. Park, K. Lim, S.H. Kang, B. Ryu","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709270","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated how morphology and electrical properties in Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) are changed by uniaxial elongation. XRD pattern shows that interplanar distance and crystallization are decreased by increasing elongation ratio. Electrical conduction mechanism of PPS is explained as Schottky emission from analysis of electrical current. The electrical current is decreased and the insulation resistivity is increased by increasing elongation ratio. The conductivity is changed remarkably above the glass transition temperature around 82/spl deg/C. The band gap of PPS is evaluated as 3.9 /spl sim/4 eV from the results of photoconductivity. Increasement of elongation ratio gives us some about deep trap formation from photocurrent.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"118 1 1","pages":"241-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91031211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709226
M. Jeroense, M. Lindgren, A. Gustafsson, T. Schutte
Dielectric sample combinations were tested in a Pulse Electro Acoustic measurement set-up. It was seen that charge accumulates in a predictable way due to a difference in resistivity and permittivity of the materials. Furthermore it was seen that flame-oxidation of the surface of a specific material diminishes the charge accumulation at the insulator/insulator interface. No relation could be found between different grades of surface roughness and charge accumulation at the interface.
{"title":"Interface charge in polymer laminates","authors":"M. Jeroense, M. Lindgren, A. Gustafsson, T. Schutte","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709226","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric sample combinations were tested in a Pulse Electro Acoustic measurement set-up. It was seen that charge accumulates in a predictable way due to a difference in resistivity and permittivity of the materials. Furthermore it was seen that flame-oxidation of the surface of a specific material diminishes the charge accumulation at the insulator/insulator interface. No relation could be found between different grades of surface roughness and charge accumulation at the interface.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"213 1","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89085683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-22DOI: 10.1109/ICSD.1998.709331
T. Mori, R. Ishii, C. Banmongkol, T. Mizutani, M. Ishioka
Polyethylene (PE) has been widely used as electrical insulation for power cables because of its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Low density PE (LDPE) prepared using a high pressure process has been widely used as insulating polymer of power cables. In this paper, the authors have investigated the performance of new LDPE prepared using metallocene catalyst (m-LDPE) as electrical insulating material. m-LDPE has narrower composition and molecular-weight distributions than LDPE. High-field electrical properties of m-LDPE at 90/spl deg/C were compared with those of the other LDPEs. In addition, the prestress effect and the effect of space charge on breakdown strength were discussed.
{"title":"Breakdown and space charge of LDPE films prepared using metallocene catalyst","authors":"T. Mori, R. Ishii, C. Banmongkol, T. Mizutani, M. Ishioka","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1998.709331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1998.709331","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene (PE) has been widely used as electrical insulation for power cables because of its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Low density PE (LDPE) prepared using a high pressure process has been widely used as insulating polymer of power cables. In this paper, the authors have investigated the performance of new LDPE prepared using metallocene catalyst (m-LDPE) as electrical insulating material. m-LDPE has narrower composition and molecular-weight distributions than LDPE. High-field electrical properties of m-LDPE at 90/spl deg/C were compared with those of the other LDPEs. In addition, the prestress effect and the effect of space charge on breakdown strength were discussed.","PeriodicalId":13148,"journal":{"name":"ICSD'98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE 6th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics (Cat. No.98CH36132)","volume":"8 1","pages":"489-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81396107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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