Hanan Alter, Yael Sade, Archit Sood, Mira Carmeli-Weissberg, Felix Shaya, Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein, Nirit Bernstein, Ben Spitzer-Rimon
In cannabis seedlings, the initiation of solitary flowers is photoperiod-independent. However, when cannabis reaches the adult stage, short-day photoperiod (SD) triggers branching of the shoot apex and a reduction in internode length, leading to development of a condensed inflorescence. We demonstrate that SD affects cannabis plants in two distinct phases: the first includes rapid elongation of the internodes and main stem, and occurring from day 5 to day 10 of plant cultivation under SD; in the second phase, elongation of newly developed internodes ceases, and a condensed inflorescence is formed. Exposure of plants to alternating photoperiods revealed that inflorescence onset requires at least three consecutive days of SD, and SD is consistently required throughout inflorescence maturation to support its typical condensed architecture. This photoperiod-dependent morphogenesis was associated with a decrease in gibberellin (GA4) and auxin levels in the shoot apex. Reverting the plants to a long-day photoperiod (LD) increased GA4 and auxin levels, leading to inflorescence disassembly, internode elongation and subsequent resumption of LD growth patterns. Similar developmental patterns were observed under SD following the application of exogenous GA (and not auxin), which also impeded inflorescence development. Nevertheless, additional studies will help to further evaluate auxin’s role in these developmental changes. We propose a crucial role for GA in sexual reproduction and inflorescence development in female cannabis by mediating photoperiod signaling in the inflorescence tissues.
{"title":"Inflorescence development in female cannabis plants is mediated by photoperiod and gibberellin","authors":"Hanan Alter, Yael Sade, Archit Sood, Mira Carmeli-Weissberg, Felix Shaya, Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein, Nirit Bernstein, Ben Spitzer-Rimon","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae245","url":null,"abstract":"In cannabis seedlings, the initiation of solitary flowers is photoperiod-independent. However, when cannabis reaches the adult stage, short-day photoperiod (SD) triggers branching of the shoot apex and a reduction in internode length, leading to development of a condensed inflorescence. We demonstrate that SD affects cannabis plants in two distinct phases: the first includes rapid elongation of the internodes and main stem, and occurring from day 5 to day 10 of plant cultivation under SD; in the second phase, elongation of newly developed internodes ceases, and a condensed inflorescence is formed. Exposure of plants to alternating photoperiods revealed that inflorescence onset requires at least three consecutive days of SD, and SD is consistently required throughout inflorescence maturation to support its typical condensed architecture. This photoperiod-dependent morphogenesis was associated with a decrease in gibberellin (GA4) and auxin levels in the shoot apex. Reverting the plants to a long-day photoperiod (LD) increased GA4 and auxin levels, leading to inflorescence disassembly, internode elongation and subsequent resumption of LD growth patterns. Similar developmental patterns were observed under SD following the application of exogenous GA (and not auxin), which also impeded inflorescence development. Nevertheless, additional studies will help to further evaluate auxin’s role in these developmental changes. We propose a crucial role for GA in sexual reproduction and inflorescence development in female cannabis by mediating photoperiod signaling in the inflorescence tissues.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chionanthus retusus, an arbor tree of the Oleaceae family, is an ecologically and economically valuable ornamental plant for its remarkable adaptability in landscaping. During C. retusus breeding, we observed diverse floral shapes; however, no available genome for C. retusus has hindered the widespread identification of genes related to flower morphology. Thus, a de novo telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome was generated. The assembly, incorporating high-coverage and long-read sequencing data, successfully yielded two complete haplotypes (687 and 683 Mb). The genome encompasses 42 864 predicted protein-coding genes, with all 46 telomeres and 23 centromeres in one haplotype. Whole genome duplication analysis revealed that C. retusus underwent one fewer event of whole-genome duplication after differentiation compared to other species in the Oleaceae family. Furthermore, flower vein diversity was the main reason for the differences in floral shapes. Auxin-related genes were responsible for petal shape formation on genome-based transcriptome analysis. Specifically, the removal and retention of the first intron in CrAUX/IAA20 resulted in the production of two transcripts, and the differences in the expression levels of CrAUX/IAA20 resulted in the variations of flower veins. Compared to transcripts lacking the first intron, transcripts with intron retention caused more severe decreases in the number and length of flower veins in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings will deepen our understanding of flower morphology development and provide important theoretical support for the cultivation of Oleaceae.
{"title":"A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of Chionanthus retusus provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying petal shape changes","authors":"Jinnan Wang, Dong Xu, Yalin Sang, Maotong Sun, Cuishuang Liu, Muge Niu, Ying Li, Laishuo Liu, Xiaojiao Han, Jihong Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae249","url":null,"abstract":"Chionanthus retusus, an arbor tree of the Oleaceae family, is an ecologically and economically valuable ornamental plant for its remarkable adaptability in landscaping. During C. retusus breeding, we observed diverse floral shapes; however, no available genome for C. retusus has hindered the widespread identification of genes related to flower morphology. Thus, a de novo telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome was generated. The assembly, incorporating high-coverage and long-read sequencing data, successfully yielded two complete haplotypes (687 and 683 Mb). The genome encompasses 42 864 predicted protein-coding genes, with all 46 telomeres and 23 centromeres in one haplotype. Whole genome duplication analysis revealed that C. retusus underwent one fewer event of whole-genome duplication after differentiation compared to other species in the Oleaceae family. Furthermore, flower vein diversity was the main reason for the differences in floral shapes. Auxin-related genes were responsible for petal shape formation on genome-based transcriptome analysis. Specifically, the removal and retention of the first intron in CrAUX/IAA20 resulted in the production of two transcripts, and the differences in the expression levels of CrAUX/IAA20 resulted in the variations of flower veins. Compared to transcripts lacking the first intron, transcripts with intron retention caused more severe decreases in the number and length of flower veins in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings will deepen our understanding of flower morphology development and provide important theoretical support for the cultivation of Oleaceae.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorus (P) is the macronutrients essential for the development and growth of plants, but how external inorganic phosphate (Pi) level and signaling affect tea plant growth and characteristic secondary metabolite biosynthesis are not understood. Theanine is major secondary metabolites, and its contents largely determine tea favor and nutrition qualities. Here, we found theanine contents in tea leaves and roots declined as Pi concentration increased in tea plants after Pi feeding. The transcriptome analysis of global gene expression in tea leaves under Pi feeding suggested a wide range of genes involved in Pi/N transport and responses were altered. Among them, CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 transcript levels in response to Pi feeding to tea plants, their expression patterns were generally opposite to these of major theanine biosynthesis genes, indicating possible regulatory correlations. Biochemical analyses showed that CsSPX3 interacted with CsPHL7, and CsPHL7 negatively regulated theanine biosynthesis genes CsGS1 and CsTS1. Meanwhile, VIGS and transient overexpression systems in tea plants verified the functions of CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 in mediating Pi-feeding-repressed theanine biosynthesis. This study offers fresh insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying Pi repression of theanine biosynthesis, and the CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1 module plays a role in high Pi-inhibition of theanine production in tea leaves. It has an instructional significance for guiding the high-quality tea production in tea garden fertilization.
磷（P）是植物生长发育所必需的宏量营养元素，但外界无机磷酸盐（Pi）水平和信号如何影响茶树生长和特征次生代谢物的生物合成尚不清楚。茶氨酸是主要的次生代谢产物，其含量在很大程度上决定了茶叶的品质和营养。在此，我们发现茶叶叶片和根中的茶氨酸含量随着茶树摄入 Pi 后 Pi 浓度的增加而下降。通过对茶叶全基因组表达的转录组分析，我们发现参与 Pi/N 转运和响应的多种基因发生了改变。其中，CsSPX3 和 CsPHL7 的转录水平在茶树摄入 Pi 后的响应中，其表达模式与主要茶氨酸生物合成基因的表达模式基本相反，表明可能存在调控相关性。生化分析表明，CsSPX3 与 CsPHL7 相互作用，CsPHL7 负调控茶氨酸生物合成基因 CsGS1 和 CsTS1。同时，在茶树中的 VIGS 和瞬时过表达系统验证了 CsSPX3 和 CsPHL7 在介导 Pi-饲料抑制的茶氨酸生物合成中的功能。该研究为Pi抑制茶氨酸生物合成的调控机制提供了新的见解，CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1模块在高Pi抑制茶叶茶氨酸生产中发挥了作用。这对指导茶园施肥生产优质茶叶具有指导意义。
{"title":"CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1 module mediated pi-regulated negatively theanine biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Zhouzhuoer Chen, Zhixun Yu, TingTing Liu, Xinzhuan Yao, Shiyu Zhang, Yilan Hu, Mingyuan Luo, Yue Wan, Litang Lu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae242","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is the macronutrients essential for the development and growth of plants, but how external inorganic phosphate (Pi) level and signaling affect tea plant growth and characteristic secondary metabolite biosynthesis are not understood. Theanine is major secondary metabolites, and its contents largely determine tea favor and nutrition qualities. Here, we found theanine contents in tea leaves and roots declined as Pi concentration increased in tea plants after Pi feeding. The transcriptome analysis of global gene expression in tea leaves under Pi feeding suggested a wide range of genes involved in Pi/N transport and responses were altered. Among them, CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 transcript levels in response to Pi feeding to tea plants, their expression patterns were generally opposite to these of major theanine biosynthesis genes, indicating possible regulatory correlations. Biochemical analyses showed that CsSPX3 interacted with CsPHL7, and CsPHL7 negatively regulated theanine biosynthesis genes CsGS1 and CsTS1. Meanwhile, VIGS and transient overexpression systems in tea plants verified the functions of CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 in mediating Pi-feeding-repressed theanine biosynthesis. This study offers fresh insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying Pi repression of theanine biosynthesis, and the CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1 module plays a role in high Pi-inhibition of theanine production in tea leaves. It has an instructional significance for guiding the high-quality tea production in tea garden fertilization.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiao Wang, Baoquan Du, Yujing Bai, Yan Chen, Feng Li, Jinzhe Du, Xiuwen Wu, Liping Yan, Yue Bai, Guohua Chai
Rose (Rosa rugosa) petals are rich in diverse secondary metabolites, which have important physiological functions as well as great economic values. Currently, it remains unclear how saline and/or alkaline stress(es) influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in rose. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolite profiles of rose petals under aline-alkali stress and uncovered the induction mechanism underlying major metabolites. Dramatic changes were observed in the expression of 1363 genes and the abundances of 196 metabolites in petals in response to saline-alkali stress. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) are mainly associated with flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism and the reconstruction of cell walls. Of them, TERPENE SYNTHASE 31 (TPS31) overexpression in tobacco leaves driven by its own promoter resulted in significant alterations in the levels of various terpenoids, which were differentially influenced by saline-alkali stress. An integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed a high correlation between the abundances of flavonoids/terpenoids and the expression of the transcription factor MYB5. MYB5 may orchestrate the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids and proanthocyanidins through direct regulation of TPS31 and ANR expression under aline-alkali stress. Our finding facilitates improving the bioactive substance accumulation of rose petals by metabolic engineering.
{"title":"Saline-alkali stress affects the accumulation of proanthocyanidins and sesquiterpenoids via the MYB5-ANR/TPS31 cascades in the rose petals","authors":"Qiao Wang, Baoquan Du, Yujing Bai, Yan Chen, Feng Li, Jinzhe Du, Xiuwen Wu, Liping Yan, Yue Bai, Guohua Chai","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae243","url":null,"abstract":"Rose (Rosa rugosa) petals are rich in diverse secondary metabolites, which have important physiological functions as well as great economic values. Currently, it remains unclear how saline and/or alkaline stress(es) influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in rose. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolite profiles of rose petals under aline-alkali stress and uncovered the induction mechanism underlying major metabolites. Dramatic changes were observed in the expression of 1363 genes and the abundances of 196 metabolites in petals in response to saline-alkali stress. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) are mainly associated with flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism and the reconstruction of cell walls. Of them, TERPENE SYNTHASE 31 (TPS31) overexpression in tobacco leaves driven by its own promoter resulted in significant alterations in the levels of various terpenoids, which were differentially influenced by saline-alkali stress. An integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed a high correlation between the abundances of flavonoids/terpenoids and the expression of the transcription factor MYB5. MYB5 may orchestrate the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids and proanthocyanidins through direct regulation of TPS31 and ANR expression under aline-alkali stress. Our finding facilitates improving the bioactive substance accumulation of rose petals by metabolic engineering.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Tegtmeier, Anže Švara, Dilyara Gritsenko, Awais Khan
Apples are one of the most valued tree fruit crops around the world. Currently, a few highly popular and economically successful apple cultivars dominate the commercial production and serve as main genetic contributors to the development of new apple cultivars. This limited level of genetic diversity, grown as a clonally propagated monoculture renders the apple industry vulnerable to the wide range of weather events, pests, and pathogens. Wild apple species are an excellent source of beneficial alleles for the wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors challenging apple production. However, the biological barriers of breeding with small-fruited wild apples greatly limit their use. Using a closely related wild species of apple such as Malus sieversii can improve the efficiency of breeding efforts and broaden the base of available genetics. M. sieversii is the main progenitor of the domesticated apple, native to Central Asia. The similarity of fruit morphology to domesticated apples and resistances to abiotic and biotic stresses makes it appealing for apple breeding programs. However, this important species is under threat of extinction in its native range. Preserving the wild apple forests in Central Asia is vital for ensuring the sustainable protection of this important genetic resource. The insufficient awareness about the complete range of challenges and opportunities associated with M. sieversii hinders the maximization of its potential benefits. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the cultural and historical context of M. sieversii, current genetic knowledge for breeding, and the conservation challenges of wild apple forests.
苹果是全世界最有价值的木本水果作物之一。目前，在商业生产中，少数几个非常受欢迎且在经济上非常成功的苹果栽培品种占主导地位，它们也是开发新苹果栽培品种的主要遗传贡献者。这种以克隆繁殖的单一栽培方式种植的遗传多样性水平有限，使得苹果产业很容易受到各种天气事件、虫害和病原体的影响。对于苹果生产所面临的各种生物和非生物压力，野生苹果物种是有益等位基因的极佳来源。然而，利用小果型野生苹果进行育种的生物障碍极大地限制了它们的使用。利用苹果的近缘野生种（如 Malus sieversii）可以提高育种工作的效率，扩大可用遗传基础。M. sieversii 是原产于中亚的驯化苹果的主要祖先。其果实形态与驯化苹果相似，并能抵抗非生物和生物胁迫，因此对苹果育种计划很有吸引力。然而，这一重要物种在其原产地正面临灭绝的威胁。保护中亚的野生苹果林对于确保这一重要遗传资源的可持续保护至关重要。由于对与 M. sieversii 相关的一系列挑战和机遇认识不足，阻碍了其潜在效益的最大化。本综述旨在提供有关 M. sieversii 的文化和历史背景、当前用于育种的遗传知识以及野生苹果林保护挑战的全面信息。
{"title":"Malus sieversii: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples","authors":"Richard Tegtmeier, Anže Švara, Dilyara Gritsenko, Awais Khan","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae244","url":null,"abstract":"Apples are one of the most valued tree fruit crops around the world. Currently, a few highly popular and economically successful apple cultivars dominate the commercial production and serve as main genetic contributors to the development of new apple cultivars. This limited level of genetic diversity, grown as a clonally propagated monoculture renders the apple industry vulnerable to the wide range of weather events, pests, and pathogens. Wild apple species are an excellent source of beneficial alleles for the wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors challenging apple production. However, the biological barriers of breeding with small-fruited wild apples greatly limit their use. Using a closely related wild species of apple such as Malus sieversii can improve the efficiency of breeding efforts and broaden the base of available genetics. M. sieversii is the main progenitor of the domesticated apple, native to Central Asia. The similarity of fruit morphology to domesticated apples and resistances to abiotic and biotic stresses makes it appealing for apple breeding programs. However, this important species is under threat of extinction in its native range. Preserving the wild apple forests in Central Asia is vital for ensuring the sustainable protection of this important genetic resource. The insufficient awareness about the complete range of challenges and opportunities associated with M. sieversii hinders the maximization of its potential benefits. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the cultural and historical context of M. sieversii, current genetic knowledge for breeding, and the conservation challenges of wild apple forests.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in essential processes such as photosynthesis and the synthesis of primary and diverse secondary metabolites. Recent studies have also highlighted their significance linked to phytohormone production in plant immunity, especially SA and JA. Ubiquitination, a key post-translational modification, usually leads to target protein degradation, which acts as a signal for remodeling the proteome via the induction of protein endocytosis or targeting to other membrane associated systems. Previously, the potato E3 ligase StRFP1 was shown to enhance resistance against Phytophthora infestans, but its mechanism remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that StRFP1 interacted with the dually localized plastid glucose 6-phosphate transporter StGPT1 on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transient expressed StGPT1-GFP located on the chloroplast and ER in plant cells. Overexpression of StGPT1 enhances late blight resistance in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana, activates immune responses including ROS bursts and up-regulation of PTI marker genes. The resistance function of StGPT1 seems to be related to its dual localization. Remarkably, StRFP1 ubiquitinates StGPT1 at the ER, possibly due to its merely transient function in peroxisomes, leading to apparent accumulation in chloroplasts. Our findings point to a novel mechanism by which a plant E3 ligase contributes to immunity via interacting with dually-targeted GPT1 at the ER of plant cells.
{"title":"Accumulation of dually-targeted StGPT1 in chloroplasts mediated by StRFP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, enhances plant immunity","authors":"Xintong Wu, Xiaoshuang Zhou, Tianyu Lin, Zhe Zhang, Xinya Wu, Yonglin Zhang, Yanli Liu, Zhendong Tian","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae241","url":null,"abstract":"Chloroplasts play a crucial role in essential processes such as photosynthesis and the synthesis of primary and diverse secondary metabolites. Recent studies have also highlighted their significance linked to phytohormone production in plant immunity, especially SA and JA. Ubiquitination, a key post-translational modification, usually leads to target protein degradation, which acts as a signal for remodeling the proteome via the induction of protein endocytosis or targeting to other membrane associated systems. Previously, the potato E3 ligase StRFP1 was shown to enhance resistance against Phytophthora infestans, but its mechanism remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that StRFP1 interacted with the dually localized plastid glucose 6-phosphate transporter StGPT1 on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transient expressed StGPT1-GFP located on the chloroplast and ER in plant cells. Overexpression of StGPT1 enhances late blight resistance in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana, activates immune responses including ROS bursts and up-regulation of PTI marker genes. The resistance function of StGPT1 seems to be related to its dual localization. Remarkably, StRFP1 ubiquitinates StGPT1 at the ER, possibly due to its merely transient function in peroxisomes, leading to apparent accumulation in chloroplasts. Our findings point to a novel mechanism by which a plant E3 ligase contributes to immunity via interacting with dually-targeted GPT1 at the ER of plant cells.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingxuan Ye, Chun Wang, Ye Liu, Shaocong Chen, Jinyu Jin, Lingling Zhang, Peixue Liu, Jing Tang, Jing Zhang, Zhenxing Wang, Jiafu Jiang, Su-Mei Chen, Fadi Chen, Aiping Song
Asteraceae is the largest family of dicotyledons and includes Chrysanthemum and Helianthus, two important genera of ornamental plants. The genus Chrysanthemum consists of more than 30 species and contains many economically important ornamental, medicinal and industrial plants. To more effectively promote Chrysanthemum research, we constructed the CGD, a Chrysanthemum genome database containing a large amount of data and useful tools. The CGD hosts well-assembled reference genome data for 6 Chrysanthemum species. These genomic data were fully annotated by comparison with various protein and domain data. Transcriptome data for nine different tissues, five flower developmental stages, and five treatments were subsequently added to the CGD. A fully functional “RNA data” module was designed to provide complete and visual expression profile data. In addition, the CGD also provides many of the latest bioinformatics analysis tools, such as the efficient sgRNA search tool for Chrysanthemum. In conclusion, the CGD provides the latest, richest, and most complete multi-omics resources and powerful tools for Chrysanthemum. Collectively, the CGD will become the central gateway for Chrysanthemum genomics and genetic breeding research and will aid in the study of polyploid evolution.
{"title":"CGD: a multi-omics database for chrysanthemum genomic and biological research","authors":"Jingxuan Ye, Chun Wang, Ye Liu, Shaocong Chen, Jinyu Jin, Lingling Zhang, Peixue Liu, Jing Tang, Jing Zhang, Zhenxing Wang, Jiafu Jiang, Su-Mei Chen, Fadi Chen, Aiping Song","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae238","url":null,"abstract":"Asteraceae is the largest family of dicotyledons and includes Chrysanthemum and Helianthus, two important genera of ornamental plants. The genus Chrysanthemum consists of more than 30 species and contains many economically important ornamental, medicinal and industrial plants. To more effectively promote Chrysanthemum research, we constructed the CGD, a Chrysanthemum genome database containing a large amount of data and useful tools. The CGD hosts well-assembled reference genome data for 6 Chrysanthemum species. These genomic data were fully annotated by comparison with various protein and domain data. Transcriptome data for nine different tissues, five flower developmental stages, and five treatments were subsequently added to the CGD. A fully functional “RNA data” module was designed to provide complete and visual expression profile data. In addition, the CGD also provides many of the latest bioinformatics analysis tools, such as the efficient sgRNA search tool for Chrysanthemum. In conclusion, the CGD provides the latest, richest, and most complete multi-omics resources and powerful tools for Chrysanthemum. Collectively, the CGD will become the central gateway for Chrysanthemum genomics and genetic breeding research and will aid in the study of polyploid evolution.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Billaud, Judith Hirsch, Valentin Ribaut, Lucie Tamisier, Anne Massire, Marion Szadkowski, Félicie Lopez-Lauri, Benoît Moury, Véronique Lefebvre
Boosting plant immunity is an effective alternative to pesticides. However, environmental variations, accentuated by climate change, can compromise immunity. The robustness of a trait corresponds to the absence (or low level) of variation in that trait in the face of an environmental change. Here, we examined two types of robustness, robustness of immunity mean and robustness of immunity variation, and proposed nine quantitative robustness estimators. We characterized the immunity of a set of accessions representative of the natural diversity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), to two major pathogens: the oomycete Phytophthora capsici Leon. and potato virus Y. For each pathogen, we measured the immunity of accessions in two contrasting environments in terms of temperature. For each type of robustness and each pathogen, the impact of temperature change on immunity varied between accessions. The robustness estimators proved to be complementary and differed in terms of heritability and ability to discriminate between accessions. A positive and significant correlation was observed between immunity and robustness. There was no significant relationship between the robustness of immunity to the two pathogens, but some accessions showed high immunity and robustness against both pathogens. These results justify the need to consider both immunity and robustness to environmental variations in order to select varieties adapted to current and future climate conditions. Phenotypic robustness should also be considered when assessing the “value of sustainable cultivation and use” (VSCU) of future plant varieties, particularly during the application process for protection rights granted from the European Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO).
{"title":"Unveiling pepper Immunity’s robustness to temperature shifts: insights for empowering future crops","authors":"William Billaud, Judith Hirsch, Valentin Ribaut, Lucie Tamisier, Anne Massire, Marion Szadkowski, Félicie Lopez-Lauri, Benoît Moury, Véronique Lefebvre","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae239","url":null,"abstract":"Boosting plant immunity is an effective alternative to pesticides. However, environmental variations, accentuated by climate change, can compromise immunity. The robustness of a trait corresponds to the absence (or low level) of variation in that trait in the face of an environmental change. Here, we examined two types of robustness, robustness of immunity mean and robustness of immunity variation, and proposed nine quantitative robustness estimators. We characterized the immunity of a set of accessions representative of the natural diversity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), to two major pathogens: the oomycete Phytophthora capsici Leon. and potato virus Y. For each pathogen, we measured the immunity of accessions in two contrasting environments in terms of temperature. For each type of robustness and each pathogen, the impact of temperature change on immunity varied between accessions. The robustness estimators proved to be complementary and differed in terms of heritability and ability to discriminate between accessions. A positive and significant correlation was observed between immunity and robustness. There was no significant relationship between the robustness of immunity to the two pathogens, but some accessions showed high immunity and robustness against both pathogens. These results justify the need to consider both immunity and robustness to environmental variations in order to select varieties adapted to current and future climate conditions. Phenotypic robustness should also be considered when assessing the “value of sustainable cultivation and use” (VSCU) of future plant varieties, particularly during the application process for protection rights granted from the European Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO).","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Felipe V Ferrão, Camila Azevedo, Juliana Benevenuto, Molla Fentie Mengist, Claire Luby, Marti Pottorff, Gonzalo I P Casorzo, Ted Makey, Mary Ann Lila, Lara Giongo, Nahla Bassil, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Massimo Iorizzo, Patricio R Munoz
The global production and consumption of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), a specialty crop known for its abundant bioactive and antioxidant compounds, has more than doubled over the last decade. To hold this momentum, plant breeders have begun to use quantitative genetics and molecular breeding to guide their decisions and select new cultivars that are improved for fruit quality. In this study, we leveraged our inferences on the genetic basis of fruit texture and chemical components by surveying large breeding populations from northern (NHB) and southern (SHB) highbush blueberries, the two dominant cultivated blueberries. After evaluating 1065 NHB genotypes planted at the Oregon State University, and 992 SHB genotypes maintained at the University of Florida for 20 texture-related traits, evaluated over multiple years, our contributions consist of: (i) We drew attention to differences between NHB and SHB materials and showed that both blueberry types can be differentiated using texture traits; (ii) We computed genetic parameters and shed light on the genetic architecture of important texture attributes, indicating that most traits had a complex nature with low to moderate heritability; (iii) using molecular breeding, we emphasized that prediction could be performed across populations; and finally (iv) the genomic-association analyses pinpointed some genomic regions harboring potential candidate genes for texture that could be used for further validation studies. Altogether, the methods and approaches used here can guide future breeding efforts focused on maximizing texture improvements in blueberries.
{"title":"Inference of the genetic basis of fruit texture in highbush blueberries using genome-wide association analyses","authors":"Luis Felipe V Ferrão, Camila Azevedo, Juliana Benevenuto, Molla Fentie Mengist, Claire Luby, Marti Pottorff, Gonzalo I P Casorzo, Ted Makey, Mary Ann Lila, Lara Giongo, Nahla Bassil, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Massimo Iorizzo, Patricio R Munoz","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae233","url":null,"abstract":"The global production and consumption of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), a specialty crop known for its abundant bioactive and antioxidant compounds, has more than doubled over the last decade. To hold this momentum, plant breeders have begun to use quantitative genetics and molecular breeding to guide their decisions and select new cultivars that are improved for fruit quality. In this study, we leveraged our inferences on the genetic basis of fruit texture and chemical components by surveying large breeding populations from northern (NHB) and southern (SHB) highbush blueberries, the two dominant cultivated blueberries. After evaluating 1065 NHB genotypes planted at the Oregon State University, and 992 SHB genotypes maintained at the University of Florida for 20 texture-related traits, evaluated over multiple years, our contributions consist of: (i) We drew attention to differences between NHB and SHB materials and showed that both blueberry types can be differentiated using texture traits; (ii) We computed genetic parameters and shed light on the genetic architecture of important texture attributes, indicating that most traits had a complex nature with low to moderate heritability; (iii) using molecular breeding, we emphasized that prediction could be performed across populations; and finally (iv) the genomic-association analyses pinpointed some genomic regions harboring potential candidate genes for texture that could be used for further validation studies. Altogether, the methods and approaches used here can guide future breeding efforts focused on maximizing texture improvements in blueberries.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiwen Lv, Naixu Liu, Yani Niu, Xiehai Song, Yongqi Liu, Zhiliang Yue, Muhammad Ali, Qiuyue Guo, Chunyu Lv, Dongdong Lu, Shaoman Zhang, Yangyan Zhou, Bosheng Li
Propagation through cuttings is a well-established and effective technique for plant multiplication. This study explores the regeneration of poplar roots using spatial transcriptomics to map a detailed developmental trajectory. Mapping of the time-series transcriptome data revealed notable alterations in gene expression during root development, particularly in the activation of cytokinin-responsive genes. Our analysis identified six distinct clusters during the second and third stages, each corresponding to specific anatomical regions with unique gene expression profiles. Auxin response cis-elements (AuxREs) were prevalent in the promoters of these cytokinin-responsive genes, indicating a regulatory interplay between auxin and cytokinin. Pseudo-temporal trajectory analysis mapped the differentiation from cambium cells to root primordium cells, revealing a complex pattern of cell differentiation. SAC56 and LOS1 emerged as potential novel biomarkers for enhancing root regeneration, with distinct spatial expression patterns confirmed by in situ hybridization. This comprehensive spatial analysis enhances our understanding of the molecular interactions driving root regeneration and provides insights for improving plant propagation techniques.
{"title":"Spatial transcriptome analysis reveals de novo regeneration of poplar roots","authors":"Kaiwen Lv, Naixu Liu, Yani Niu, Xiehai Song, Yongqi Liu, Zhiliang Yue, Muhammad Ali, Qiuyue Guo, Chunyu Lv, Dongdong Lu, Shaoman Zhang, Yangyan Zhou, Bosheng Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae237","url":null,"abstract":"Propagation through cuttings is a well-established and effective technique for plant multiplication. This study explores the regeneration of poplar roots using spatial transcriptomics to map a detailed developmental trajectory. Mapping of the time-series transcriptome data revealed notable alterations in gene expression during root development, particularly in the activation of cytokinin-responsive genes. Our analysis identified six distinct clusters during the second and third stages, each corresponding to specific anatomical regions with unique gene expression profiles. Auxin response cis-elements (AuxREs) were prevalent in the promoters of these cytokinin-responsive genes, indicating a regulatory interplay between auxin and cytokinin. Pseudo-temporal trajectory analysis mapped the differentiation from cambium cells to root primordium cells, revealing a complex pattern of cell differentiation. SAC56 and LOS1 emerged as potential novel biomarkers for enhancing root regeneration, with distinct spatial expression patterns confirmed by in situ hybridization. This comprehensive spatial analysis enhances our understanding of the molecular interactions driving root regeneration and provides insights for improving plant propagation techniques.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142022052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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