This paper brings sociology to European integration. The author claims that even though the European Union is a unique entity, it can still be analyzed in the framework of international relations. Therefore, the sociological theory of stratificatory differentiation can be applied to European integration. From the formal point of view, all EU member states are equal and remain sovereign actors in international relations; the EU is conceptualized as a network organization. However, this paper concludes that there is an unofficial stratification in the organization based on cultural and economic differences. Western core EU states (France and Germany in particular) constitute the higher stratum; the new (post-communist) member states occupy the subaltern status. The tentative claim of the author is that this unofficial stratification results in a differentiated impact of EU policies on the interests of EU member states.
{"title":"EU CORE AND PERIPHERY: APPLICATION OF STRATIFICATORY DIFFERENTIATION THEORY TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION","authors":"Krzysztof Czubocha","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper brings sociology to European integration. The author claims that even though the European Union is a unique entity, it can still be analyzed in the framework of international relations. Therefore, the sociological theory of stratificatory differentiation can be applied to European integration. From the formal point of view, all EU member states are equal and remain sovereign actors in international relations; the EU is conceptualized as a network organization. However, this paper concludes that there is an unofficial stratification in the organization based on cultural and economic differences. Western core EU states (France and Germany in particular) constitute the higher stratum; the new (post-communist) member states occupy the subaltern status. The tentative claim of the author is that this unofficial stratification results in a differentiated impact of EU policies on the interests of EU member states.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was initiated to verify whether a curriculum enhanced with efficacy-building techniques might foster students’ adaptation to an online study environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to analyze interview data obtained from 32 sophomores pursuing a degree in English as a Foreign Language. Three main themes were identified: students voiced their concerns regarding the lack of online literacy, symptoms of cognitive overload, and the absence of meaningful relationships. The planned intervention partially facilitated the students’ transition process: growing efficacy among the sample was linked to more proper attribution, less negative affect, and the development of individual and shared regulation mechanisms.
{"title":"FOSTERING STUDENTS’ ADAPTABILITY THROUGH SELF-EFFICACY: A CASE STUDY OF UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS","authors":"Arkadiusz Pietluch","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.08","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was initiated to verify whether a curriculum enhanced with efficacy-building techniques might foster students’ adaptation to an online study environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to analyze interview data obtained from 32 sophomores pursuing a degree in English as a Foreign Language. Three main themes were identified: students voiced their concerns regarding the lack of online literacy, symptoms of cognitive overload, and the absence of meaningful relationships. The planned intervention partially facilitated the students’ transition process: growing efficacy among the sample was linked to more proper attribution, less negative affect, and the development of individual and shared regulation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48292924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the results of studies on remote work introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic in public administration institutions in local government offices. We have synthesized the available literature on remote work, with a focus on identifying factors enabling remote work, and the benefits and risks of implementing such a system. The empirical section diagnoses the transition in public administration to a remote working model and identifies the impediments associated with this process. We have also attempted to formulate specific recommendations to improve the operations of Polish local government offices. Therefore, local authorities can adopt the results of this study to develop operational programs aiming to digitize administrative institutions.
{"title":"REMOTE WORK IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS OF THE MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODESHIP: EXPERIENCES FROM THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"G. Gierszewska, Paweł Huras","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the results of studies on remote work introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic in public administration institutions in local government offices. We have synthesized the available literature on remote work, with a focus on identifying factors enabling remote work, and the benefits and risks of implementing such a system. The empirical section diagnoses the transition in public administration to a remote working model and identifies the impediments associated with this process. We have also attempted to formulate specific recommendations to improve the operations of Polish local government offices. Therefore, local authorities can adopt the results of this study to develop operational programs aiming to digitize administrative institutions.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Participatory budgeting, also called civic budgeting, is a major instrument to facilitate engagement in local government affairs and foster social awareness among residents. It consists in involving residents in the allocation of a pool of public funds made available by local authorities. The purpose of this article is to assess the implementation of participatory budgeting in the city of Przemyśl, Podkarpackie Province, between 2013 and 2022. The assessment methods are desk research based on publicly available data, and interviews with city hall staff. The study confirms that the implementation of participatory budgeting made it possible to achieve the overarching goal of the project, which was to increase engagement by encouraging citizens to participate in public life and co-decide on the allocation of public funds.
{"title":"PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING AS A FORM OF RESIDENTS’ CO-DECISION ON THE ALLOCATION OF LOCAL FUNDS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF PRZEMYŚL","authors":"Mariola Grzebyk, M. Steć, Pavlína Hejduková","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.05","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory budgeting, also called civic budgeting, is a major instrument to facilitate engagement in local government affairs and foster social awareness among residents. It consists in involving residents in the allocation of a pool of public funds made available by local authorities. The purpose of this article is to assess the implementation of participatory budgeting in the city of Przemyśl, Podkarpackie Province, between 2013 and 2022. The assessment methods are desk research based on publicly available data, and interviews with city hall staff. The study confirms that the implementation of participatory budgeting made it possible to achieve the overarching goal of the project, which was to increase engagement by encouraging citizens to participate in public life and co-decide on the allocation of public funds.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the epidemiological statistics for anxiety disorders and mood disorders show, adult mental health has declined in recent decades, making the life of the average person more prone to adversity. Several worldwide sociocultural changes require people to be more flexible and adaptive to cope with modern life. Therefore, people’s ability to cope with daily stress and care for their well-being remain important issues. An essential factor in enhancing and protecting mental health is resilience as an inner source and the capacity to face adversity. Resilience can be described as the competence to stay flexible and adapt to changing environments, even in an unfavorable habitat. As a capability, despite its importance, it is mostly described and explored in childhood populations, leaving a space for further investigations focusing on adults. The article aims to present some findings regarding resilience among young adults, as well as to emphasize the importance of resilience in adult life.
{"title":"RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION OF YOUNG ADULTS IN EUROPE","authors":"Agnieszka FRANCZOK-KUCZMOWSKA, Barbara Superson","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.03","url":null,"abstract":"As the epidemiological statistics for anxiety disorders and mood disorders show, adult mental health has declined in recent decades, making the life of the average person more prone to adversity. Several worldwide sociocultural changes require people to be more flexible and adaptive to cope with modern life. Therefore, people’s ability to cope with daily stress and care for their well-being remain important issues. An essential factor in enhancing and protecting mental health is resilience as an inner source and the capacity to face adversity. Resilience can be described as the competence to stay flexible and adapt to changing environments, even in an unfavorable habitat. As a capability, despite its importance, it is mostly described and explored in childhood populations, leaving a space for further investigations focusing on adults. The article aims to present some findings regarding resilience among young adults, as well as to emphasize the importance of resilience in adult life.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47487066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the challenges that modern organizations face (Mulgan, 2009), diversity management becoming a major issue for managers – from recognizing diversity (identifying it, making people aware of its importance) to planning an effective strategy to manage it. This also requires a deeper understanding of diversity and social inclusion. Many research studies (Gross-Gołacka, 2018; Kuldova, 2012) show that in the 21st century, the success of any organization – regardless of size or industry – will depend on how it manages diversity. Organizations that make diversity management part of their business strategy will be successful. So far, including in Poland, diversity management issues have not been the subject of many specific studies. Diversity management concepts are not implemented reliably in organizations due to a lack of knowledge, analysis, and conclusions. This article aims to identify possible gaps, and cognitive and empirical problems in assessing the preparedness or maturity in diversity management of employers in Poland.
{"title":"DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT AS A CHALLENGE FOR TODAY’S MANAGERS","authors":"Alla KARNAUKH-BROŻYNA","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.06","url":null,"abstract":"With the challenges that modern organizations face (Mulgan, 2009), diversity management becoming a major issue for managers – from recognizing diversity (identifying it, making people aware of its importance) to planning an effective strategy to manage it. This also requires a deeper understanding of diversity and social inclusion. Many research studies (Gross-Gołacka, 2018; Kuldova, 2012) show that in the 21st century, the success of any organization – regardless of size or industry – will depend on how it manages diversity. Organizations that make diversity management part of their business strategy will be successful. So far, including in Poland, diversity management issues have not been the subject of many specific studies. Diversity management concepts are not implemented reliably in organizations due to a lack of knowledge, analysis, and conclusions. This article aims to identify possible gaps, and cognitive and empirical problems in assessing the preparedness or maturity in diversity management of employers in Poland.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this research was to estimate the level and distribution of optimism among analysts preparing stock market recommendations. A secondary goal was to analyze the relationship between optimism and socio-demographic variables such as age, education, and professional experience. The author used the Received Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) to test optimism. At the same time, the paper attempted to compare the results of optimism research using the psychological tests carried out by the author with previous research that perceived optimism as the difference between forecast and reality. According to the survey, individual investors in Poland are characterized by an average level of optimism of 14.38 points according to the LOT-R test, where the average level of optimism ranges from 14 to 18 points. The research did not find that the level of optimism was influenced by such socio-demographic characteristics as age, experience, or education.
{"title":"ARE ANALYSTS REALLY OVERLY OPTIMISTIC WHEN PREPARING RECOMMENDATIONS?","authors":"Michał Radke","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.09","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this research was to estimate the level and distribution of optimism among analysts preparing stock market recommendations. A secondary goal was to analyze the relationship between optimism and socio-demographic variables such as age, education, and professional experience. The author used the Received Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) to test optimism. At the same time, the paper attempted to compare the results of optimism research using the psychological tests carried out by the author with previous research that perceived optimism as the difference between forecast and reality. According to the survey, individual investors in Poland are characterized by an average level of optimism of 14.38 points according to the LOT-R test, where the average level of optimism ranges from 14 to 18 points. The research did not find that the level of optimism was influenced by such socio-demographic characteristics as age, experience, or education.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of this article is the fate of the seminarians of the Przemyśl seminary during the battles for the Przemyśl fortress in 1914–15. In the face of the approaching Russian army, they decided to serve as orderlies in military hospitals. This service was very demanding, due to extremely difficult sanitary conditions, and shortages of food, medicines, dressing materials, and so on. Information about the life and work of future priests during successive sieges of the fortress was included in the Chronicle of the Przemyśl Seminary. Lay people who stayed in the fortress during the siege also wrote numerous memoirs and diaries describing the work of seminarians and priests. Thanks to these materials, it is possible to learn how the seminary trained Roman Catholic clergy for the war, the medical preparation that was offered by the standard seminary training program, and, finally, how the seminarians proved themselves in the hour of trial.
{"title":"THE SANITARY SERVICE OF SEMINARIANS OF THE SEMINARY IN PRZEMYŚL DURING THE FIRST MONTHS OF THE GREAT WAR (1914–1915)","authors":"Paweł Dyrda","doi":"10.7862/rz.2023.hss.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2023.hss.02","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this article is the fate of the seminarians of the Przemyśl seminary during the battles for the Przemyśl fortress in 1914–15. In the face of the approaching Russian army, they decided to serve as orderlies in military hospitals. This service was very demanding, due to extremely difficult sanitary conditions, and shortages of food, medicines, dressing materials, and so on. Information about the life and work of future priests during successive sieges of the fortress was included in the Chronicle of the Przemyśl Seminary. Lay people who stayed in the fortress during the siege also wrote numerous memoirs and diaries describing the work of seminarians and priests. Thanks to these materials, it is possible to learn how the seminary trained Roman Catholic clergy for the war, the medical preparation that was offered by the standard seminary training program, and, finally, how the seminarians proved themselves in the hour of trial.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71292777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.14
Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz, Dliman Salim
: Background and aims: The research reported in this article is about the involvement of teachers in Learning Communities at Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, in the Social work department. The present study builds on two previous studies. Firstly, a theoretical study on belonging and COVID-19. Secondly, an empirical study of the views of students at Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Work on": do they feel they belong to this University of Applied Sciences and Social Work in particular? Methods: Central to the study are the results of an OECD questionnaire focusing on teachers' pedagogical skills during, among other things, their work in learning communities and other student-related activities. Secondly, a COVID-19 questionnaire from the Municipal Health service (GGD) was used. Data were collected from 41% of teachers during a workshop on 12 April 2022. Results: First of all, this study shows that teachers suffered substantially from COVID-19 and its associated lockdowns. This affected their work substantially (59% negative) and also their private lives (47%). Second, this study demonstrates that teachers should be more concerned countering disruptive student behavior. Moreover, this study shows that teachers should focus more on the pedagogical skills that form the pillars of a learning community. These outcomes were achieved with Two-Factor Anova without Replication. Conclusions: Windesheim, University of Applied Science, Social Work, has taken the first step by introducing the concept of Learning Communities. To ensure that students actually feel at home in this department of Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, theoretical and practical efforts will have to be made to ensure that students and possibly teachers feel that belonging is seamlessly connected to Learning Communities. This research shows that this can only be done if there is rock-solid work on the pedagogical skills with which the Learning Communities are propped up. Excelling in this will increase the chances of students completing the Social Work program and possibly even a decrease in the dropout rate of students enrolled in this program.
{"title":"Teachers Contributions to Learning Communities in Higher Education in the Netherlands","authors":"Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz, Dliman Salim","doi":"10.11648/j.hss.20231101.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.14","url":null,"abstract":": Background and aims: The research reported in this article is about the involvement of teachers in Learning Communities at Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, in the Social work department. The present study builds on two previous studies. Firstly, a theoretical study on belonging and COVID-19. Secondly, an empirical study of the views of students at Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Work on\": do they feel they belong to this University of Applied Sciences and Social Work in particular? Methods: Central to the study are the results of an OECD questionnaire focusing on teachers' pedagogical skills during, among other things, their work in learning communities and other student-related activities. Secondly, a COVID-19 questionnaire from the Municipal Health service (GGD) was used. Data were collected from 41% of teachers during a workshop on 12 April 2022. Results: First of all, this study shows that teachers suffered substantially from COVID-19 and its associated lockdowns. This affected their work substantially (59% negative) and also their private lives (47%). Second, this study demonstrates that teachers should be more concerned countering disruptive student behavior. Moreover, this study shows that teachers should focus more on the pedagogical skills that form the pillars of a learning community. These outcomes were achieved with Two-Factor Anova without Replication. Conclusions: Windesheim, University of Applied Science, Social Work, has taken the first step by introducing the concept of Learning Communities. To ensure that students actually feel at home in this department of Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, theoretical and practical efforts will have to be made to ensure that students and possibly teachers feel that belonging is seamlessly connected to Learning Communities. This research shows that this can only be done if there is rock-solid work on the pedagogical skills with which the Learning Communities are propped up. Excelling in this will increase the chances of students completing the Social Work program and possibly even a decrease in the dropout rate of students enrolled in this program.","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77719479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.11648/j.hss.20231101.13
Juongme Lee
: The principle of Sunwu's “5Shi and 7Ji (5Things and 7Scheme)” is the integration of units, the diversification of circles
孙武“五事七计”的原则是单位的整合，圆圈的多样化
{"title":"Community Culture, Criticism as the Basis of Its Historical Facts - Centered on the Political Principles in Sunzibingfa and the Changes in the Natural Environment","authors":"Juongme Lee","doi":"10.11648/j.hss.20231101.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20231101.13","url":null,"abstract":": The principle of Sunwu's “5Shi and 7Ji (5Things and 7Scheme)” is the integration of units, the diversification of circles","PeriodicalId":13234,"journal":{"name":"Humanities and social sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81199816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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