This short paper reviews the distribution of Maryland thoroughbred racing purses for 2007. It shows the majority of purses go to out of state owners. The upcoming Maryland referendum on slot machines allocates up to $100 million per year to higher purses. The rationale is based upon the often stated, but unproven, premise that higher purses stimulate racing and breeding activity, and increase Maryland greenspace. The referendum has few provisions that will reverse the out of state dynamic, so a large portion of the purse subsidy will go out of state.
{"title":"Higher Purses and Maryland Horseracing","authors":"Jeff Hooke","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2386990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2386990","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper reviews the distribution of Maryland thoroughbred racing purses for 2007. It shows the majority of purses go to out of state owners. The upcoming Maryland referendum on slot machines allocates up to $100 million per year to higher purses. The rationale is based upon the often stated, but unproven, premise that higher purses stimulate racing and breeding activity, and increase Maryland greenspace. The referendum has few provisions that will reverse the out of state dynamic, so a large portion of the purse subsidy will go out of state.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disproportionality of burden sharing in military alliances has been in the focus of economic analyses since decades. However, nearly all findings rest on the assumption that the contracting parties do not have the possibility to exclude the allies from military spill-overs. In contrast, this paper argues that in alliances partial exclusion is nonetheless possible. It can be shown that the consideration of potential exclusion has a strong impact on the theoretical results on burden sharing and the implied disproportionality.
{"title":"Disproportionality and Exclusion: Reconsidering the Theory of Alliances","authors":"Bernhard Klingen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1448042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1448042","url":null,"abstract":"Disproportionality of burden sharing in military alliances has been in the focus of economic analyses since decades. However, nearly all findings rest on the assumption that the contracting parties do not have the possibility to exclude the allies from military spill-overs. In contrast, this paper argues that in alliances partial exclusion is nonetheless possible. It can be shown that the consideration of potential exclusion has a strong impact on the theoretical results on burden sharing and the implied disproportionality.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"41 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-11DOI: 10.1590/S0101-31572005000300008
Sergio Ferrreira, Ricardo Varsano, J. Afonso
This paper surveys the literature on fiscal competition. We consider tax and expenditure competition in a more general set up where different jurisdictions within a federation may compete in the provision of public goods in order to attract some residents (Tiebout, 1956) and expel others (Brueckner, 1999); and/or for business. We address the vast literature on welfare gains or losses of these types of competition. Then, we discuss the empirical evidence, focusing on estimates of the sensitiveness of production factors to tax differentials and on the importance of the strategic interdependence among jurisdictions. We combine econometric studies with some case studies. Last we discuss the design of mechanisms to cope with fiscal competition, especially under a more global environment where factors become more mobile.
{"title":"Inter-Jurisdictional Fiscal Competition: A Review of the Literature and Policy Recommendations","authors":"Sergio Ferrreira, Ricardo Varsano, J. Afonso","doi":"10.1590/S0101-31572005000300008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31572005000300008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper surveys the literature on fiscal competition. We consider tax and expenditure competition in a more general set up where different jurisdictions within a federation may compete in the provision of public goods in order to attract some residents (Tiebout, 1956) and expel others (Brueckner, 1999); and/or for business. We address the vast literature on welfare gains or losses of these types of competition. Then, we discuss the empirical evidence, focusing on estimates of the sensitiveness of production factors to tax differentials and on the importance of the strategic interdependence among jurisdictions. We combine econometric studies with some case studies. Last we discuss the design of mechanisms to cope with fiscal competition, especially under a more global environment where factors become more mobile.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123579030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a contribution to the growing literature on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) in the global production networks, this article examines how civil society organizations (CSOs), which have adopted the TAN approach, influence the sugar industry in Cambodia. Due to ineffective domestic influencing strategies, the CSOs adopted the TAN approach and escalated to an international supply chain movement approach (ISCMA) aiming to influence international stakeholders at each stage of the sugar supply chain in order to leverage boomerang pressure on the sugar producing companies and the Government of Cambodia. Despite its resourceful networking strategies, the ISCMA failed to leverage significant influence on the sugar companies and the government to achieve its demands. The failure was not due to weak networks, but was in part due to the political nexus between the government and the sugar companies. This article suggests that to ensure the effectiveness of CSOs’ actions within the TAN framework in the global production networks, one should take into account the power of the government in relation to local politico-commercial elites.
{"title":"Transnational Advocacy Networks in Global Supply Chains: A Study of Civil Society Organizations’ Sugar Movements in Cambodia","authors":"Sokphea Young","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3377341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3377341","url":null,"abstract":"As a contribution to the growing literature on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) in the global production networks, this article examines how civil society organizations (CSOs), which have adopted the TAN approach, influence the sugar industry in Cambodia. Due to ineffective domestic influencing strategies, the CSOs adopted the TAN approach and escalated to an international supply chain movement approach (ISCMA) aiming to influence international stakeholders at each stage of the sugar supply chain in order to leverage boomerang pressure on the sugar producing companies and the Government of Cambodia. Despite its resourceful networking strategies, the ISCMA failed to leverage significant influence on the sugar companies and the government to achieve its demands. The failure was not due to weak networks, but was in part due to the political nexus between the government and the sugar companies. This article suggests that to ensure the effectiveness of CSOs’ actions within the TAN framework in the global production networks, one should take into account the power of the government in relation to local politico-commercial elites.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124247924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This book conveys current and original reflections of 16 leading scholars from five continents on the past, present, and future of federalism research. They analyze the state of research on key facets of federalism worldwide and present ideas for new research to further understanding of federalism as a principle and mode of governance. Although only about 28 countries are arguably federal, more than 40 per cent of the world’s people live in federal systems, making federalism a leading mode of governance, potential basis for democracy, and means to accommodate diverse, territorially based national, linguistic, ethnic, racial, and/or religious communities in a single polity. Federalism is a very important principle of governance, one that is, in many cases, the only viable means to achieve unity peacefully and democratically in the face of human diversity. The contributors address research gaps, needs, and directions in normative political theory, constitutionalism, comparative governance, fiscal systems, gender, territorial diversity, nationalism, conflict resolution, shared rule, and federalism challenges in Africa, Asia, and the European Union.
{"title":"Introduction: A Research Agenda for Federalism Studies","authors":"J. Kincaid","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522594","url":null,"abstract":"This book conveys current and original reflections of 16 leading scholars from five continents on the past, present, and future of federalism research. They analyze the state of research on key facets of federalism worldwide and present ideas for new research to further understanding of federalism as a principle and mode of governance. Although only about 28 countries are arguably federal, more than 40 per cent of the world’s people live in federal systems, making federalism a leading mode of governance, potential basis for democracy, and means to accommodate diverse, territorially based national, linguistic, ethnic, racial, and/or religious communities in a single polity. Federalism is a very important principle of governance, one that is, in many cases, the only viable means to achieve unity peacefully and democratically in the face of human diversity. The contributors address research gaps, needs, and directions in normative political theory, constitutionalism, comparative governance, fiscal systems, gender, territorial diversity, nationalism, conflict resolution, shared rule, and federalism challenges in Africa, Asia, and the European Union.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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