Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9485.2011.00561.x
Heather Dickey, V. Watson, A. Zangelidis
The North Sea oil and gas industry currently faces recruitment and retention difficulties due to a shortage of skilled workers. The vital contribution of this sector to the U.K. economy means it is crucial for companies to focus on retaining existing employees. One means of doing this is to improve the job satisfaction of workers. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of job satisfaction and intentions to quit within the U.K. North Sea oil and gas industry. We analyse the effect of personal and workplace characteristics on the job satisfaction and quit intentions of offshore employees. The data used were collected using a self-completed questionnaire. Job satisfaction was analysed using an ordinal probit model and quit intentions were analysed using a binary probit model. 321 respondents completed the questionnaire. We find that respondents in good financial situations, those whose skills are closely related to their job, and those who received training reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Furthermore, we establish the importance of job satisfaction, promotion prospects and training opportunities in determining workers’ intentions to quit the offshore oil and gas sector. To encourage better retention, companies should seek to adopt policies that focus not only on pay but also provide promotion and training opportunities aimed at investing in their employees’ skills development.
{"title":"Job Satisfaction and Quit Intentions of Offshore Workers in the UK North Sea Oil and Gas Industry","authors":"Heather Dickey, V. Watson, A. Zangelidis","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9485.2011.00561.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2011.00561.x","url":null,"abstract":"The North Sea oil and gas industry currently faces recruitment and retention difficulties due to a shortage of skilled workers. The vital contribution of this sector to the U.K. economy means it is crucial for companies to focus on retaining existing employees. One means of doing this is to improve the job satisfaction of workers. In this paper, we investigate the determinants of job satisfaction and intentions to quit within the U.K. North Sea oil and gas industry. We analyse the effect of personal and workplace characteristics on the job satisfaction and quit intentions of offshore employees. The data used were collected using a self-completed questionnaire. Job satisfaction was analysed using an ordinal probit model and quit intentions were analysed using a binary probit model. 321 respondents completed the questionnaire. We find that respondents in good financial situations, those whose skills are closely related to their job, and those who received training reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Furthermore, we establish the importance of job satisfaction, promotion prospects and training opportunities in determining workers’ intentions to quit the offshore oil and gas sector. To encourage better retention, companies should seek to adopt policies that focus not only on pay but also provide promotion and training opportunities aimed at investing in their employees’ skills development.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131206851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United States is in the midst of a boom in natural gas and oil production, much of which has occurred in shale formations around the country. As shale development has expanded — largely as a result of new horizontal drilling and “slickwater” hydraulic fracturing (fracking, fracing, or hydofracking) techniques — questions have arisen regarding the environmental risks of drilling and fracturing in shales and how laws, policies, and regulations address these risks. To understand whether and how regulation addresses risks, one must know both the content of regulations and how they are applied through inspections of well sites, notations of violations, and/or enforcement. An accompanying paper by this author, entitled “Regulation of Shale Gas Development, Including Hydraulic Fracturing” addresses the content of federal, regional, state, and local regulations that apply to shale gas development; this paper explores, in a preliminary fashion, how these regulations are applied. It briefly surveys complaints about shale gas and tight sands development (both of which typically require fracturing) lodged by citizens with state agencies, states’ notation of environmental violations at shale gas and tight sands wells both in response to these complaints and as a result of independently-instigated site visits or self-reported violations, and states’ capacity to inspect sites and enforce violations noted. The objective of this “on-the-ground” review of shale gas development regulatory activities is to offer a preliminary picture of the environmental effects of shale gas development and how states address them through citations of violations and/or initiation of enforcement action. Regulations have little effect if they are rarely applied to regulated actors or only sporadically enforced. Looking to both the content of regulations, violations of the regulations, and enforcement therefore provides a more complete regulatory picture. The Energy Institute at the University of Texas funded the research for this paper.
{"title":"State Enforcement of Shale Gas Development Regulations, Including Hydraulic Fracturing","authors":"H. Wiseman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1992064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1992064","url":null,"abstract":"The United States is in the midst of a boom in natural gas and oil production, much of which has occurred in shale formations around the country. As shale development has expanded — largely as a result of new horizontal drilling and “slickwater” hydraulic fracturing (fracking, fracing, or hydofracking) techniques — questions have arisen regarding the environmental risks of drilling and fracturing in shales and how laws, policies, and regulations address these risks. To understand whether and how regulation addresses risks, one must know both the content of regulations and how they are applied through inspections of well sites, notations of violations, and/or enforcement. An accompanying paper by this author, entitled “Regulation of Shale Gas Development, Including Hydraulic Fracturing” addresses the content of federal, regional, state, and local regulations that apply to shale gas development; this paper explores, in a preliminary fashion, how these regulations are applied. It briefly surveys complaints about shale gas and tight sands development (both of which typically require fracturing) lodged by citizens with state agencies, states’ notation of environmental violations at shale gas and tight sands wells both in response to these complaints and as a result of independently-instigated site visits or self-reported violations, and states’ capacity to inspect sites and enforce violations noted. The objective of this “on-the-ground” review of shale gas development regulatory activities is to offer a preliminary picture of the environmental effects of shale gas development and how states address them through citations of violations and/or initiation of enforcement action. Regulations have little effect if they are rarely applied to regulated actors or only sporadically enforced. Looking to both the content of regulations, violations of the regulations, and enforcement therefore provides a more complete regulatory picture. The Energy Institute at the University of Texas funded the research for this paper.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117191533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01633.x
Christian Bruns, Oliver Himmler
In this paper, we examine the role of the newspaper market for a key aspect of political accountability: the efficient use of public funds by elected politicians. Newspapers are a major provider of the political information voters use to monitor their elected officials, especially at the local level. Thus, the incentives for politicians to reduce budgetary slack should be stronger in jurisdictions where the electorate is well informed by newspapers. Using panel data on the circulation of some 150 newspapers in Norwegian municipalities, we show that increases in local newspaper circulation are associated with higher levels of local government efficiency.
{"title":"Newspaper Circulation and Local Government Efficiency","authors":"Christian Bruns, Oliver Himmler","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01633.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01633.x","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the role of the newspaper market for a key aspect of political accountability: the efficient use of public funds by elected politicians. Newspapers are a major provider of the political information voters use to monitor their elected officials, especially at the local level. Thus, the incentives for politicians to reduce budgetary slack should be stronger in jurisdictions where the electorate is well informed by newspapers. Using panel data on the circulation of some 150 newspapers in Norwegian municipalities, we show that increases in local newspaper circulation are associated with higher levels of local government efficiency.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131254140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minority rights protection has been one of the significant litmus tests for the success of the EU conditionality. In Romania, the accession process helped transform key minority policies and improved the records whereas in Turkey, the traditional minority policies still linger despite the small changes in early 2000s. This paper aims to analyze how EU conditionality in minority related policies has become successful in Romania but not in Turkey through the application of the external incentives model to the cases to see under which circumstances minority rights measures were adopted and refused. The model assumes that the EU conditionality can be expected to improve minority conditions when the credibility of conditionality is higher, the conditions are determinate and the domestic adoption costs are lower in target states. Therefore, the paper attempts to test this model’s assumptions and expectations within the cases of Romania and Turkey. The paper argues that although the veto players and domestic adoption costs primarily determine the success of the EU conditionality in minority rights in target states, the EU conditionality can, to an extent, undermine the power of resistant political forces by credible membership prospect and clear conditions.
{"title":"EU Conditionality and Minority Rights: A Comparative Study on Romania and Turkey","authors":"Merve Yildiz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2091417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2091417","url":null,"abstract":"Minority rights protection has been one of the significant litmus tests for the success of the EU conditionality. In Romania, the accession process helped transform key minority policies and improved the records whereas in Turkey, the traditional minority policies still linger despite the small changes in early 2000s. This paper aims to analyze how EU conditionality in minority related policies has become successful in Romania but not in Turkey through the application of the external incentives model to the cases to see under which circumstances minority rights measures were adopted and refused. The model assumes that the EU conditionality can be expected to improve minority conditions when the credibility of conditionality is higher, the conditions are determinate and the domestic adoption costs are lower in target states. Therefore, the paper attempts to test this model’s assumptions and expectations within the cases of Romania and Turkey. The paper argues that although the veto players and domestic adoption costs primarily determine the success of the EU conditionality in minority rights in target states, the EU conditionality can, to an extent, undermine the power of resistant political forces by credible membership prospect and clear conditions.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126849983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes and tests a structural model reflecting the process of authorizing private-activity municipal bond issuance. Private-activity municipal bonds offer tax-exempt financing for programs including industrial development, utilities, low-income housing, and student loans. The Federal tax code sets annual caps on the total tax-exempt issuance within each state, so authorization becomes a scarce resource distributed via a political process. Interviews with program administrators in several states suggested the authorization process involves prioritizing categories of use, authorizing bonds for high-priority uses first, and then authorizing bonds for lower-priority uses until the cap is exhausted. A model representing this process suggests variables to include in reduced-form estimations and an alternative interpretation of the coefficients. The fit of the model can be improved by adding measures of political influence and imposing a structure that reflects the political prioritization process. In general, industrial development and utilities appear to be the highest priority uses of private-activity municipal bonds. Mortgage revenue bonds are the residual category most frequently.
{"title":"Prioritization in Private-Activity-Bond Volume Cap Allocation","authors":"S. Whitaker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1825226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1825226","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and tests a structural model reflecting the process of authorizing private-activity municipal bond issuance. Private-activity municipal bonds offer tax-exempt financing for programs including industrial development, utilities, low-income housing, and student loans. The Federal tax code sets annual caps on the total tax-exempt issuance within each state, so authorization becomes a scarce resource distributed via a political process. Interviews with program administrators in several states suggested the authorization process involves prioritizing categories of use, authorizing bonds for high-priority uses first, and then authorizing bonds for lower-priority uses until the cap is exhausted. A model representing this process suggests variables to include in reduced-form estimations and an alternative interpretation of the coefficients. The fit of the model can be improved by adding measures of political influence and imposing a structure that reflects the political prioritization process. In general, industrial development and utilities appear to be the highest priority uses of private-activity municipal bonds. Mortgage revenue bonds are the residual category most frequently.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117041142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What are the incentives faced by local officials in China? Without democratic institutions, there is no mechanism for local residents to exercise "voice". Given the hukou registration system, local residents have little opportunity to threaten "exit" if they are unhappy with local taxes and spending. This paper explores an alternative source of incentives, starting from the premise that local officials aim to maximize the jurisdiction's fiscal residual (profits), equal to local tax revenue minus expenditures on public services. In a Tiebout setting with mobile households, this objective should lead to efficient provision. What happens, though, if firms and economic activity but not people are mobile? The paper examines the incentives faced by local Chinese officials in this context, and argues that the forecasted behavior helps to explain both the successes and the problems arising from local government activity in China.
{"title":"Provincial and Local Governments in China: Fiscal Institutions and Government Behavior","authors":"R. Gordon, Wei Li","doi":"10.3386/W16694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W16694","url":null,"abstract":"What are the incentives faced by local officials in China? Without democratic institutions, there is no mechanism for local residents to exercise \"voice\". Given the hukou registration system, local residents have little opportunity to threaten \"exit\" if they are unhappy with local taxes and spending. This paper explores an alternative source of incentives, starting from the premise that local officials aim to maximize the jurisdiction's fiscal residual (profits), equal to local tax revenue minus expenditures on public services. In a Tiebout setting with mobile households, this objective should lead to efficient provision. What happens, though, if firms and economic activity but not people are mobile? The paper examines the incentives faced by local Chinese officials in this context, and argues that the forecasted behavior helps to explain both the successes and the problems arising from local government activity in China.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The limited life of biota provides an ecological principle for building a global society composed of self-financing, self-reliant, self-governing communities. Implementation requires communities to limit the life for owning realty, corporations and money. Limited life money and credit created by traders and investors become redeemable into units of local renewable energy. Ponzi banks and unearned income from money are eliminated. Incentives provided to attract foreign enterprises and technology are matched with built-in ownership transfer back to stakeholders resident in the community to terminate draining away surplus profits. Urban land ownership is mutualised to form self-financing Land Banks to halve the cost of new housing and attract commercial investment. This minimises non-residents extracting windfall gains and surplus profits that can make communities financially dependent on higher orders of government. Centralised big government, taxes and banking are replaced with federations of bioregional economies financing nation states that in turn finance global governance.
{"title":"Building Sustainable Communities on Ecological Principles","authors":"S. Turnbull","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1402063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1402063","url":null,"abstract":"The limited life of biota provides an ecological principle for building a global society composed of self-financing, self-reliant, self-governing communities. Implementation requires communities to limit the life for owning realty, corporations and money. Limited life money and credit created by traders and investors become redeemable into units of local renewable energy. Ponzi banks and unearned income from money are eliminated. Incentives provided to attract foreign enterprises and technology are matched with built-in ownership transfer back to stakeholders resident in the community to terminate draining away surplus profits. Urban land ownership is mutualised to form self-financing Land Banks to halve the cost of new housing and attract commercial investment. This minimises non-residents extracting windfall gains and surplus profits that can make communities financially dependent on higher orders of government. Centralised big government, taxes and banking are replaced with federations of bioregional economies financing nation states that in turn finance global governance.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using a cost-of-carry model with an endogenous convenience yield and daily data over the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets in the case of contracts with shorter maturities, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed.
{"title":"Time‐Varying Spot and Futures Oil Price Dynamics","authors":"G. Caporale, D. Ciferri, A. Girardi","doi":"10.1111/sjpe.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12035","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using a cost-of-carry model with an endogenous convenience yield and daily data over the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets in the case of contracts with shorter maturities, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123396832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, the conventional view was that one could not impose a standard invoice-credit destination-based value added tax (VAT) at the subnational level of government. Canada's almost two decades of experience with just such a VAT demonstrates conclusively that this view is incorrect. Not only can it be done, but it has been done, and done well. Canadian experience also demonstrates that a federal VAT can work perfectly well in a country in which some subnational units have their own VATs, some have their own retail sales taxes (RSTs), and some have no sales tax at all. There is no apparent reason a similar system should not work equally well in the United States. In this paper, we discuss in detail the Canadian experience with two quite different types of subnational VATs - the Quebec Sales Tax (QST), a tax imposed on essentially the same base as Canada's federal VAT (the Goods and Services Tax, or GST) but administered by the provincial government, and the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), essentially a provincial VAT imposed on the same base as the federal GST and administered by the federal government. The existence of these two different forms of provincial VAT raises neither technical nor economic problems for the federal VAT. On the other hand, the existence of a federal VAT has apparently spared Canada from many of the VAT evasion problems to which so much attention has been paid in the European Union, which of course does not have any equivalent 'union-wide' VAT to, as it were, shelter the VATs of member states. The evidence is that those provinces that have altered their sales taxes from RSTs to VATs have suffered no bad consequences and reaped some economic gains, so it is not surprising that Canada's largest province, Ontario, has recently announced that it will join the HST system, with some modifications, in 2010. Other provinces may soon follow. The adoption of a federal VAT in the U.S. might similarly induce states that wish to improve their sales taxes to follow a similar path.
{"title":"Sales Taxation in Canada: The GST-HST-QST-RST 'System'","authors":"R. Bird, Pierre-Pascal Gendron","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1413333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1413333","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the conventional view was that one could not impose a standard invoice-credit destination-based value added tax (VAT) at the subnational level of government. Canada's almost two decades of experience with just such a VAT demonstrates conclusively that this view is incorrect. Not only can it be done, but it has been done, and done well. Canadian experience also demonstrates that a federal VAT can work perfectly well in a country in which some subnational units have their own VATs, some have their own retail sales taxes (RSTs), and some have no sales tax at all. There is no apparent reason a similar system should not work equally well in the United States. In this paper, we discuss in detail the Canadian experience with two quite different types of subnational VATs - the Quebec Sales Tax (QST), a tax imposed on essentially the same base as Canada's federal VAT (the Goods and Services Tax, or GST) but administered by the provincial government, and the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), essentially a provincial VAT imposed on the same base as the federal GST and administered by the federal government. The existence of these two different forms of provincial VAT raises neither technical nor economic problems for the federal VAT. On the other hand, the existence of a federal VAT has apparently spared Canada from many of the VAT evasion problems to which so much attention has been paid in the European Union, which of course does not have any equivalent 'union-wide' VAT to, as it were, shelter the VATs of member states. The evidence is that those provinces that have altered their sales taxes from RSTs to VATs have suffered no bad consequences and reaped some economic gains, so it is not surprising that Canada's largest province, Ontario, has recently announced that it will join the HST system, with some modifications, in 2010. Other provinces may soon follow. The adoption of a federal VAT in the U.S. might similarly induce states that wish to improve their sales taxes to follow a similar path.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127995807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report, produced for the Legislature of the State of Washington, examined options for protection of local communities associated with transfers of water. It provides a summary of relevant laws from other states. It proposes that agricultural communities consider making some water available on a temporary basis as a means of providing benefits to the community and the owners of the water rights.
{"title":"Protecting Local Economies","authors":"Lawrence J. Macdonnell","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1995816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1995816","url":null,"abstract":"This report, produced for the Legislature of the State of Washington, examined options for protection of local communities associated with transfers of water. It provides a summary of relevant laws from other states. It proposes that agricultural communities consider making some water available on a temporary basis as a means of providing benefits to the community and the owners of the water rights.","PeriodicalId":132360,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Political Economy: National","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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