We argue that the independent agency of EU institutions can serve not only to tie the member states to previous policy commitments, as argued in the extant literature, but also to untie member states from commitments that have become outdated and harmful. The European Central Bank saved the Euro in 2012 not by enforcing the monetary financing prohibition or the no-bail-out clause of the Treaty more strictly but by flouting them. We develop our de-commitment account of supranational agency theoretically, show its workings empirically by a case study of the Eurozone crisis, and discuss its scope conditions. We surmise that supranational de-commitment is a common feature of EU politics.
{"title":"Supranational Agents as De-Commitment Devices: The ECB During the Eurozone Crisis","authors":"Philipp Genschel, Tobias Tesche","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3557195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557195","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that the independent agency of EU institutions can serve not only to tie the member states to previous policy commitments, as argued in the extant literature, but also to untie member states from commitments that have become outdated and harmful. The European Central Bank saved the Euro in 2012 not by enforcing the monetary financing prohibition or the no-bail-out clause of the Treaty more strictly but by flouting them. We develop our de-commitment account of supranational agency theoretically, show its workings empirically by a case study of the Eurozone crisis, and discuss its scope conditions. We surmise that supranational de-commitment is a common feature of EU politics.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126799216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We find evidence of neglected risk during sovereign debt expansions (DE), by analyzing the sovereign credit market for both crisis and noncrisis Eurozone countries from 2002-2017. We show that whereas DE predicts increased default probability, large DE predict negative future risk premia. Using panel regressions with several control variables, including risk appetite, we then document a negative association between DE and risk premia. Using the shock of the Deauville summit in October 2010 we document its impact using panel regressions one year before and after the event, and find further evidence of neglected risk before but not immediately after Deauville. Finally, analyzing the most recent data (2011-2017) we show that DE still predicts lower risk premia, but this effect is neutralized by quantitative easing, raising the public policy question of what will happen with the end of quantitative easing.
{"title":"Neglected Risk: Evidence from the Eurozone Sovereign Credit Market","authors":"S. Lotfi, Andreas Milidonis, S. Zenios","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3533715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3533715","url":null,"abstract":"We find evidence of neglected risk during sovereign debt expansions (DE), by analyzing the sovereign credit market for both crisis and noncrisis Eurozone countries from 2002-2017. We show that whereas DE predicts increased default probability, large DE predict negative future risk premia. Using panel regressions with several control variables, including risk appetite, we then document a negative association between DE and risk premia. Using the shock of the Deauville summit in October 2010 we document its impact using panel regressions one year before and after the event, and find further evidence of neglected risk before but not immediately after Deauville. Finally, analyzing the most recent data (2011-2017) we show that DE still predicts lower risk premia, but this effect is neutralized by quantitative easing, raising the public policy question of what will happen with the end of quantitative easing.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124450905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literature indicates a decline in the market value of wind power with increasing market penetration. Two promising measures to mitigate this market value drop are system-friendly turbines and geographical diversification. This study analyzes the combined potential of a hybrid approach used to simultaneously improve market values, reduce system costs and the overall subsidy needs in Germany. Therefore, promising diversification regions and site optimal turbine configurations are identified. The corresponding market values and levelized cost of electricity are forecasted for penetration rates of up to 65% (2030). The analysis shows that the market value drop in diversified regions using system-friendly turbines is less severe. Furthermore, the hybrid approach results in system cost and subsidy savings. Additional analyses show that the dominant share of the hybrid approach benefits can be attributed to the use of system-friendly turbines and that diversification does not seem to be a promising alternative for Germany.
{"title":"Optimal Configuration and Diversification of Wind Turbines: A Hybrid Approach to Improve the Penetration of Wind Power","authors":"Leo Klie, R. Madlener","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3685202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3685202","url":null,"abstract":"Literature indicates a decline in the market value of wind power with increasing market penetration. Two promising measures to mitigate this market value drop are system-friendly turbines and geographical diversification. This study analyzes the combined potential of a hybrid approach used to simultaneously improve market values, reduce system costs and the overall subsidy needs in Germany. Therefore, promising diversification regions and site optimal turbine configurations are identified. The corresponding market values and levelized cost of electricity are forecasted for penetration rates of up to 65% (2030). The analysis shows that the market value drop in diversified regions using system-friendly turbines is less severe. Furthermore, the hybrid approach results in system cost and subsidy savings. Additional analyses show that the dominant share of the hybrid approach benefits can be attributed to the use of system-friendly turbines and that diversification does not seem to be a promising alternative for Germany.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chrysanthi Balomenou, M. Maliari, Simeon Semasis, S. Mamalis, Stavros Pavlidis
Purpose: At the end of the year 2013, the Greek Government to encourage the establishment of new enterprises in the agrifood sector announced the application of the program “New Farmers Installation within the financial framework of CAP”. As a consequence, almost 8.000 young people benefited from this program as they received subsidizes up to 20.000€ to establish a new agro enterprise. This work focuses on the examination of the results concerning those new entrants’ enhancing of production of agro-products. Moral hazards have been created as some of them take advantage of the inefficacy of the program’s control procedures and they contribute almost nothing to the final agro product. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is divided to into 2 parts. The literature of the theoretical perspective of the Greek economy is extensive. Taking under mind that Greece is a part of the European Union on the theoretical part are examined CAP’s subsidizes consequences on Greek Agriculture. Then the “New farmers’ installation” program is briefly presented. The theoretical part ends with references to moral hazards creation and corruption in Greece. In the second part, the empirical results presented. The research took place during September 2016 using a formalized questionnaire. The statistical analysis included the estimation of frequencies, percentages, and means, as well as coefficient correlations. Finding: According to the findings, it has been supported that financial programs directed to agriculture should be monitored for disbursement. Otherwise, these programs cannot achieve their targets such as the increase of in productivity in the agricultural sector. Moreover, the results of the study are similar to previous researches as Moral Hazards have been created. Research limitations/implications: Taking for granted that the lack of strict controls over the disbursement contributed to the increase in moral hazards, it is proposed that providing subsidies should be accompanied with disbursements only after strict controls. It is also suggested a combination as providing subsidies should only take place on the grants that the amount spent exclusively for rural enterprise liabilities. Originality/value: This paper provides the impetus for the study of moral hazard on rural subsidizes and constitutes primary research.
{"title":"Rural Subsidizes and Revealing Moral Hazards","authors":"Chrysanthi Balomenou, M. Maliari, Simeon Semasis, S. Mamalis, Stavros Pavlidis","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.123.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.123.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: At the end of the year 2013, the Greek Government to encourage the establishment of new enterprises in the agrifood sector announced the application of the program “New Farmers Installation within the financial framework of CAP”. As a consequence, almost 8.000 young people benefited from this program as they received subsidizes up to 20.000€ to establish a new agro enterprise. This work focuses on the examination of the results concerning those new entrants’ enhancing of production of agro-products. Moral hazards have been created as some of them take advantage of the inefficacy of the program’s control procedures and they contribute almost nothing to the final agro product. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is divided to into 2 parts. The literature of the theoretical perspective of the Greek economy is extensive. Taking under mind that Greece is a part of the European Union on the theoretical part are examined CAP’s subsidizes consequences on Greek Agriculture. Then the “New farmers’ installation” program is briefly presented. The theoretical part ends with references to moral hazards creation and corruption in Greece. In the second part, the empirical results presented. The research took place during September 2016 using a formalized questionnaire. The statistical analysis included the estimation of frequencies, percentages, and means, as well as coefficient correlations. Finding: According to the findings, it has been supported that financial programs directed to agriculture should be monitored for disbursement. Otherwise, these programs cannot achieve their targets such as the increase of in productivity in the agricultural sector. Moreover, the results of the study are similar to previous researches as Moral Hazards have been created. Research limitations/implications: Taking for granted that the lack of strict controls over the disbursement contributed to the increase in moral hazards, it is proposed that providing subsidies should be accompanied with disbursements only after strict controls. It is also suggested a combination as providing subsidies should only take place on the grants that the amount spent exclusively for rural enterprise liabilities. Originality/value: This paper provides the impetus for the study of moral hazard on rural subsidizes and constitutes primary research.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122628970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper summarizes and analyzes the recent tax proposals offered by the presidential candidates and other prominent Democrats, including wealth taxes, mark-to-market taxation, a VAT, additional taxes, increased income tax rates, and increased gift and estate taxes.
{"title":"The Democratic Tax Proposals","authors":"David S. Miller, B. Koh, Sean Webb","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3474471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3474471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes and analyzes the recent tax proposals offered by the presidential candidates and other prominent Democrats, including wealth taxes, mark-to-market taxation, a VAT, additional taxes, increased income tax rates, and increased gift and estate taxes.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125091565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Abstract: Este documento resume los datos principales a los que hemos tenido acceso. Las cuentas del Estado Espanol son muy poco claras. Es inaceptable que el Estado no presente sus cobros y sus pagos de forma clara y transparente. Los cuatro mayores impuestos (Seguridad Social, IVA, IRPF y Sociedades) supusieron un 80% de los Ingresos. Los ingresos del Estado proceden en su gran mayoria de la conjuncion trabajo de las personas-empresas y que los pagan al Estado mayoritariamente las empresas. Es incorrecto (o mentira, segun el caso) afirmar que el unico impuesto que pagan las empresas es el impuesto sobre sociedades. De los 46,6 millones de espanoles en 2017, solo 13,3 pagaron por IRPF, 3 millones pagaron mas de €8.000 y 80.000 espanoles mas de €80.000. La sostenibilidad de los Ingresos del Estado no es obvia: se proporcionan cuatro temas para analizar. English Abstract: This document summarizes the main data to which we have had access. The accounts of the Spanish State are very unclear. It is unacceptable that the State does not present its collections and payments clearly and transparently. The four highest taxes (Social Security, VAT, Personal Income Tax and Companies) accounted for 80% of Income. The income of the State comes in the great majority of the conjunction work of the people-companies and that the companies pay mostly to the State. It is incorrect to state that the only tax paid by companies is the corporate tax. Of the 46.6 million Spaniards in 2017, only 13.3 paid for personal income tax, 3 million paid more than € 8,000 and 80,000 Spaniards over € 80,000. The sustainability of State Revenue is not obvious: four topics are provided for analysis.
摘要:本文档总结了我们可以访问的主要数据。西班牙政府的账目非常不清楚。国家不以明确和透明的方式提出其收款和付款是不可接受的。四种最大的税收(社会保障、增值税、个人所得税和公司税)占收入的80%。国家的大部分收入来自个人和企业的劳动组合，这些劳动主要由企业支付给国家。说企业缴纳的唯一税是公司税是不正确的(或者是谎言，视情况而定)。在2017年4660万西班牙人中，只有1330人支付了IRPF, 300万人支付了超过8000欧元，8万西班牙人支付了超过8万欧元。政府收入的可持续性并不明显:提出了四个需要分析的问题。English Abstract:本文件概述了the main data to which we have access人。西班牙国家的情况非常不清楚。国家没有清楚和透明地申报收款和付款，这是不可接受的。四种最高税收(社会保障、增值税、个人所得税和公司税)占收入的80%。国家的收入主要来自人民公司的劳动组合，这些公司主要向国家支付报酬。这是不正确的，说公司只缴纳公司税。在2017年4660万西班牙人中，只有1330人缴纳了个人所得税，300万人缴纳了8000欧元以上，8万人缴纳了8万欧元以上。国家收入的可持续性并不明显:提出了四个主题供分析。
{"title":"Ingresos del Estado español: origen, distribución y sostenibilidad (Revenues of the Spanish State: Origin, Distribution and Sustainability)","authors":"Pablo Fernández, Eduardo de Apellániz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3495012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3495012","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: Este documento resume los datos principales a los que hemos tenido acceso. Las cuentas del Estado Espanol son muy poco claras. Es inaceptable que el Estado no presente sus cobros y sus pagos de forma clara y transparente. \u0000Los cuatro mayores impuestos (Seguridad Social, IVA, IRPF y Sociedades) supusieron un 80% de los Ingresos. \u0000Los ingresos del Estado proceden en su gran mayoria de la conjuncion trabajo de las personas-empresas y que los pagan al Estado mayoritariamente las empresas. \u0000Es incorrecto (o mentira, segun el caso) afirmar que el unico impuesto que pagan las empresas es el impuesto sobre sociedades. \u0000De los 46,6 millones de espanoles en 2017, solo 13,3 pagaron por IRPF, 3 millones pagaron mas de €8.000 y 80.000 espanoles mas de €80.000. \u0000La sostenibilidad de los Ingresos del Estado no es obvia: se proporcionan cuatro temas para analizar. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: This document summarizes the main data to which we have had access. The accounts of the Spanish State are very unclear. It is unacceptable that the State does not present its collections and payments clearly and transparently. \u0000 \u0000The four highest taxes (Social Security, VAT, Personal Income Tax and Companies) accounted for 80% of Income. \u0000 \u0000The income of the State comes in the great majority of the conjunction work of the people-companies and that the companies pay mostly to the State. \u0000 \u0000It is incorrect to state that the only tax paid by companies is the corporate tax. \u0000 \u0000Of the 46.6 million Spaniards in 2017, only 13.3 paid for personal income tax, 3 million paid more than € 8,000 and 80,000 Spaniards over € 80,000. \u0000 \u0000The sustainability of State Revenue is not obvious: four topics are provided for analysis.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114280706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the burst of the sovereign debt crisis, investors perceive the concrete possibility of a breakup of the Eurozone. We exploit CDS quotes for contracts denominated in different currencies and with different default clauses to estimate the network of breakup and default risk spillovers in the Eurozone isolating the relevant factors with regularization techniques. Our main result is that redenomination shocks to France and Italy have economically large spillovers. However, while redenomination shocks to France increase the risk of a breakup of the Eurozone, redenomination shocks to Italy increase the risk of sovereign defaults, like sovereign debt restructurings.
{"title":"Breakup and Default Risks in the Great Lockdown","authors":"G. Bonaccolto, Nicola Borri, A. Consiglio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3487453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3487453","url":null,"abstract":"Since the burst of the sovereign debt crisis, investors perceive the concrete possibility of a breakup of the Eurozone. We exploit CDS quotes for contracts denominated in different currencies and with different default clauses to estimate the network of breakup and default risk spillovers in the Eurozone isolating the relevant factors with regularization techniques. Our main result is that redenomination shocks to France and Italy have economically large spillovers. However, while redenomination shocks to France increase the risk of a breakup of the Eurozone, redenomination shocks to Italy increase the risk of sovereign defaults, like sovereign debt restructurings.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"89 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115790848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tax compliance nudges are used increasingly by governments because of their perceived cost-effectiveness in raising tax revenue. We collect about a thousand treatment effect estimates from 45 randomized controlled trials, and synthesize this rapidly growing literature using meta-analytical methods. We show that interventions pointing to elements of individual tax morale are on average ineffective in curbing tax evasion (when evaluated against a control group of taxpayers receiving neutral communication). In contrast, deterrence nudges - interventions emphasizing traditional determinants of compliance such as audit probabilities and penalty rates - increase compliance. However, their effects are modest in magnitude increasing the probability of compliance by 1.5-2.5 percentage points more than non-deterrence nudges. Our additional results suggest that nudges i) work better on sub-samples of late payers and when delivered in-person, ii) are less effective in the long-run and in lower-income countries, and iii) are somewhat inflated by selective reporting of results.
{"title":"Nudging for Tax Compliance: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Armenak Antinyan, Zareh Asatryan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3500744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3500744","url":null,"abstract":"Tax compliance nudges are used increasingly by governments because of their perceived cost-effectiveness in raising tax revenue. We collect about a thousand treatment effect estimates from 45 randomized controlled trials, and synthesize this rapidly growing literature using meta-analytical methods. We show that interventions pointing to elements of individual tax morale are on average ineffective in curbing tax evasion (when evaluated against a control group of taxpayers receiving neutral communication). In contrast, deterrence nudges - interventions emphasizing traditional determinants of compliance such as audit probabilities and penalty rates - increase compliance. However, their effects are modest in magnitude increasing the probability of compliance by 1.5-2.5 percentage points more than non-deterrence nudges. Our additional results suggest that nudges i) work better on sub-samples of late payers and when delivered in-person, ii) are less effective in the long-run and in lower-income countries, and iii) are somewhat inflated by selective reporting of results.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114019456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Otrok, Michael T. Owyang, Laura E. Jackson
We propose a method to decompose changes in the tax structure into orthogonal components measuring the level and progressivity of taxes. While our focus is on the progessivity results, we find that the level shock is similar to standard tax shocks found in the empirical literature in that a rise in the level is contractionary. We find that an increase in tax progressivity sets off an economic boom. When tax progressivity increases, those at the bottom of the income distribution experience an increase in disposable income; these consumers have a high marginal propensity to consume, and this increase in income results in a consumption boom which expands the overall economy. This overall economic expansion benefits those at the top of the income distribution as well, and the income and capital gains they experience as a result of the economic boom more than offset the losses they experienced due to the increase in tax progressivity. The net result is that an increase in progressivity leads to an increase in inequality, not a decrease as conventional wisdom would suggest. We interpret these results as evidence in favor of trickle up, not trickle down, economics.
{"title":"Tax Progressivity, Economic Booms, and Trickle-Up Economics","authors":"Christopher Otrok, Michael T. Owyang, Laura E. Jackson","doi":"10.20955/wp.2019.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/wp.2019.034","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a method to decompose changes in the tax structure into orthogonal components measuring the level and progressivity of taxes. While our focus is on the progessivity results, we find that the level shock is similar to standard tax shocks found in the empirical literature in that a rise in the level is contractionary. We find that an increase in tax progressivity sets off an economic boom. When tax progressivity increases, those at the bottom of the income distribution experience an increase in disposable income; these consumers have a high marginal propensity to consume, and this increase in income results in a consumption boom which expands the overall economy. This overall economic expansion benefits those at the top of the income distribution as well, and the income and capital gains they experience as a result of the economic boom more than offset the losses they experienced due to the increase in tax progressivity. The net result is that an increase in progressivity leads to an increase in inequality, not a decrease as conventional wisdom would suggest. We interpret these results as evidence in favor of trickle up, not trickle down, economics.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"123 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to analyse the 2019 European election in Luxembourg and to contextualize it by comparing it with past elections. The article presents the party landscape, the electoral campaign, the electoral system and the results of the 2019 European election. The results are then analysed in the context of past national and European elections in order to establish whether European elections are second-order elections in Luxembourg, how electoral volatility evolved over time, whether there is a rise in Eurosceptic parties and how the representation of women has evolved since 1979.
{"title":"The 2019 European Parliament Elections in Luxembourg in the Context of Past Elections","authors":"Anna-Lena Högenauer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3480491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3480491","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyse the 2019 European election in Luxembourg and to contextualize it by comparing it with past elections. The article presents the party landscape, the electoral campaign, the electoral system and the results of the 2019 European election. The results are then analysed in the context of past national and European elections in order to establish whether European elections are second-order elections in Luxembourg, how electoral volatility evolved over time, whether there is a rise in Eurosceptic parties and how the representation of women has evolved since 1979.","PeriodicalId":132443,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127000411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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