terms: “It simply is not within the range of political reality that a democratic nation state could sever off a part of itself where the majority of the inhabitants manifest repeatedly, under all manner of testing and despite all manner of pressure, their determination to remain part of the state.” In the years that followed, Powell developed his position. He held that allegiance to the Crownin-Parliament was demonstrated through the act of election by which “the people gave in advance the pledge of their acceptance” of its sovereignty, constituting 133 Green, Ideologies of Conservatism, 281–85. For Powell, see Stapleton, Political Intellectuals, 179. 134 See Heffer, Like the Roman, 212, for Powell’s engagement with Oakeshott’s work in the late 1940s and 1950s. 135 Heffer, Like the Roman, 758. There is no copy of the speech among the Powell speeches held at PRONI. 136 “Row over Powell,” Belfast Newsletter, 7 July 1975; “Powell Talking Nonsense: Paisley,” Belfast Telegraph, 7 July 1975; “Loyalist Attack on Powell,” Irish Times, 7 July 1975. 137 Belfast Telegraph, 10 July 1975. 138 Powell, speech at Ballynahinch, 8 October 1974, PRONI, D3107/1/3. ENOCH POWELL, ULSTER UNIONISM, AND THE BRITISH NATION 991 the “consent of the nation.” In 1981 he explicitly contended that electing MPs to Westminster guaranteed Northern Ireland’s status as part of the United Kingdom because this made it “impossible” for the House of Commons to “reject a part of itself.” This, of course, swiftly became a provocative argument as the PIRA hunger striker, Bobby Sands, won a Westminster seat in April 1981 as part of a wider campaign for Republican inmates to be treated as political prisoners that, in turn, paved the way for the emergence of Sinn Féin as a political force, contesting, but not taking up, seats in the House of Commons. Powell’s position also provoked a backlash from the devolutionist wing of the OUP. Edgar Graham, a rising figure in the party and a law lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast, articulated a long-standing distrust of Westminster parties and politicians, arguing that if “the union had to depend on the House of Commons for its defence, it would be a very fragile union indeed.” Powell’s argument also contained some latent contradictions. It was seemingly underpinned by his belief in the overriding sovereignty of the Crown-in-Parliament to make or break any laws whatsoever. Accordingly, he distinguished it from the contention that Northern Ireland’s constitutional position was secured as a result of any particular piece of legislation, including the 1973 Northern Ireland Act, which stated that it would remain part of the United Kingdom so long as this was the wish of a majority of its population. Yet, at the same time, Powell attributed significant power to the people going—in undefined ways—beyond that of election. Indeed, he stated on one occasion that “it is the people of Northern Ireland themselves, and they alone, who have it in their power to de
{"title":"Enoch Powell, Ulster Unionism, and the British Nation","authors":"Paul Corthorn","doi":"10.1086/666891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666891","url":null,"abstract":"terms: “It simply is not within the range of political reality that a democratic nation state could sever off a part of itself where the majority of the inhabitants manifest repeatedly, under all manner of testing and despite all manner of pressure, their determination to remain part of the state.” In the years that followed, Powell developed his position. He held that allegiance to the Crownin-Parliament was demonstrated through the act of election by which “the people gave in advance the pledge of their acceptance” of its sovereignty, constituting 133 Green, Ideologies of Conservatism, 281–85. For Powell, see Stapleton, Political Intellectuals, 179. 134 See Heffer, Like the Roman, 212, for Powell’s engagement with Oakeshott’s work in the late 1940s and 1950s. 135 Heffer, Like the Roman, 758. There is no copy of the speech among the Powell speeches held at PRONI. 136 “Row over Powell,” Belfast Newsletter, 7 July 1975; “Powell Talking Nonsense: Paisley,” Belfast Telegraph, 7 July 1975; “Loyalist Attack on Powell,” Irish Times, 7 July 1975. 137 Belfast Telegraph, 10 July 1975. 138 Powell, speech at Ballynahinch, 8 October 1974, PRONI, D3107/1/3. ENOCH POWELL, ULSTER UNIONISM, AND THE BRITISH NATION 991 the “consent of the nation.” In 1981 he explicitly contended that electing MPs to Westminster guaranteed Northern Ireland’s status as part of the United Kingdom because this made it “impossible” for the House of Commons to “reject a part of itself.” This, of course, swiftly became a provocative argument as the PIRA hunger striker, Bobby Sands, won a Westminster seat in April 1981 as part of a wider campaign for Republican inmates to be treated as political prisoners that, in turn, paved the way for the emergence of Sinn Féin as a political force, contesting, but not taking up, seats in the House of Commons. Powell’s position also provoked a backlash from the devolutionist wing of the OUP. Edgar Graham, a rising figure in the party and a law lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast, articulated a long-standing distrust of Westminster parties and politicians, arguing that if “the union had to depend on the House of Commons for its defence, it would be a very fragile union indeed.” Powell’s argument also contained some latent contradictions. It was seemingly underpinned by his belief in the overriding sovereignty of the Crown-in-Parliament to make or break any laws whatsoever. Accordingly, he distinguished it from the contention that Northern Ireland’s constitutional position was secured as a result of any particular piece of legislation, including the 1973 Northern Ireland Act, which stated that it would remain part of the United Kingdom so long as this was the wish of a majority of its population. Yet, at the same time, Powell attributed significant power to the people going—in undefined ways—beyond that of election. Indeed, he stated on one occasion that “it is the people of Northern Ireland themselves, and they alone, who have it in their power to de","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132246424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leonore Davidoff. Thicker than Water: Siblings and Their Relations, 1780–1920. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. 449. £35.00 (cloth).","authors":"G. Frost","doi":"10.1086/666711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"101 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133007889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jill Rappoport. Giving Women: Alliance and Exchange in Victorian Culture . New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. 304. £40.00 (cloth).","authors":"Aeron Hunt","doi":"10.1086/666717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126029168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jackie C. Horne. History and the Construction of the Child in Early British Children’s Literature . Ashgate Studies in Childhood, 1700 to Present. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. Pp. xiv+283. £55.00 (cloth).","authors":"Elizabeth Gargano","doi":"10.1086/666713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130371120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tom Crook, Rebecca Gill, and Bertrand Taithe, eds. Evil, Barbarism and Empire: Britain and Abroad, ca. 1830–2000 . Houndsmills: Macmillan, 2011. Pp. x+290. $85.00 (cloth).","authors":"M. Tusan","doi":"10.1086/666701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127189916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"John Stuart. British Missionaries and the End of Empire: East, Central, and Southern Africa, 1939–64 . Studies in the History of Christian Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2011. Pp. 256. $40.00 (paper).","authors":"Aaron Windel","doi":"10.1086/666723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121237526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terence Dooley and Christopher Ridgway, eds. The Irish Country House: Its Past, Present and Future. Dublin: Four Courts, 2011. Pp. 268. €55.00 (cloth).","authors":"Vera Kreilkamp","doi":"10.1086/666705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131184713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Michael Brown. Performing Medicine: Medical Culture and Identity in Provincial England, ca. 1760–1850 . Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011. Pp. 272. $95.00 (cloth).","authors":"L. Payne","doi":"10.1086/666685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123844599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Samantha Williams. Poverty, Gender and Life-Cycle under the English Poor Law, 1760–1834 . Royal Historical Society Studies in History, n.s. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2011. Pp. 204. $90.00 (cloth).","authors":"Paul A. Fideler","doi":"10.1086/666696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122132869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carolyn Betensky. Feeling for the Poor: Bourgeois Compassion, Social Action and the Victorian Novel . Victorian Literature and Culture Series. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010. Pp. 240. $39.50 (cloth).","authors":"C. Devine","doi":"10.1086/666702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/666702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"718 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122992848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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