W hen the Irish Republican Army (IRA) again embarked upon armed struggle in 1956, it was again for “an independent, united democratic Irish republic.” “This is the age-old struggle of the Irish people versus British aggression,” read the Proclamation of December 1956. The plan was for “flying columns”—which had played an important role in the Anglo-Irish war of 1919–21—to cross into North Ireland’s border counties and link up with local units. The four columns were named after republican heroes (Patrick Pearse, Tom Clarke, Bartholomew Teeling, and Liam Lynch) and Tom Barry, who had written the West Cork flying column of the Anglo-Irish War into legend, was called upon to train his successors. By fleeing into the past, however, the IRA was forced once again to retreat: the present problems of the North’s security apparatus, the South’s hostility, and the Catholic community’s indifference could not be overcome by anachronistic tactics. In February 1962, when the IRA finally faced up to the failure of the campaign, the Army Council blamed “the attitude of the general public whose minds have been deliberately distracted from the supreme issue facing the Irish people—the unity and freedom of Ireland.” Before continuing with this narrative about the Irish revolutionary tradition, it
{"title":"Narrative and the Start of the Northern Irish Troubles: Ireland’s Revolutionary Tradition in Comparative Perspective","authors":"S. Prince","doi":"10.1086/661184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/661184","url":null,"abstract":"W hen the Irish Republican Army (IRA) again embarked upon armed struggle in 1956, it was again for “an independent, united democratic Irish republic.” “This is the age-old struggle of the Irish people versus British aggression,” read the Proclamation of December 1956. The plan was for “flying columns”—which had played an important role in the Anglo-Irish war of 1919–21—to cross into North Ireland’s border counties and link up with local units. The four columns were named after republican heroes (Patrick Pearse, Tom Clarke, Bartholomew Teeling, and Liam Lynch) and Tom Barry, who had written the West Cork flying column of the Anglo-Irish War into legend, was called upon to train his successors. By fleeing into the past, however, the IRA was forced once again to retreat: the present problems of the North’s security apparatus, the South’s hostility, and the Catholic community’s indifference could not be overcome by anachronistic tactics. In February 1962, when the IRA finally faced up to the failure of the campaign, the Army Council blamed “the attitude of the general public whose minds have been deliberately distracted from the supreme issue facing the Irish people—the unity and freedom of Ireland.” Before continuing with this narrative about the Irish revolutionary tradition, it","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123837965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lauren Arrington. W. B. Yeats, The Abbey Theatre, Censorship, and the Irish State: Adding the Half-Pence to the Pence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. 210. $110.00 (cloth).","authors":"B. Levitas","doi":"10.1086/661020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/661020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jason M. Kelly. The Society of the Dilettanti: Archaeology and Identity in the British Enlightenment . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010. Pp. 366. $75.00 (cloth).","authors":"W. Lubenow","doi":"10.1086/660951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121931769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Helen Phillips, ed. Bandit Territories: British Outlaw Traditions. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2008. Pp. 256. $85.00 (cloth).","authors":"Thomas H. Ohlgren","doi":"10.1086/660959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joel T. Rosenthal. Margaret Paston’s Piety. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Pp. 240. $85.00 (cloth).","authors":"B. J. Harris","doi":"10.1086/660968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gabriel Heaton. Writing and Reading Royal Entertainments: From George Gascoigne to Ben Jonson . New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. 272. $99.00 (cloth).","authors":"T. Hill","doi":"10.1086/660958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131317479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ira D. Gruber. Books and the British Army in the Age of the American Revolution . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Pp. 344. $55.00 (cloth).","authors":"Wayne E. Lee","doi":"10.1086/660945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"70 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116381563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reba N. Soffer. History, Historians, and Conservativism in Britain and America: From the Great War to Thatcher and Reagan . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. vi + 345. $110.00 (cloth).","authors":"W. Lubenow","doi":"10.1086/661003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/661003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Janet S. Loengard, ed. Magna Carta and the England of King John. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2010. Pp. 200. $95.00 (cloth).","authors":"S. Butler","doi":"10.1086/660949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/660949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129567901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
relationships with the public. These were characterized by patterns of conflict and comity that varied by class and gender. The working classes were most likely to respond to police interference with violence, while the middle and upper classes were more prone to be “patronizing” and send letters of complaint. Klein sees a general improvement in policeand-public interactions, noting an increased civilian willingness to assist constables in trouble and, more generally, to cooperate with investigations. Constables had friendly relations with the public through gossip, assistance, favors, perks, and charity. Such contacts show, Klein argues, that constables “remained part of the working-class community” (221). One tricky issue, however, involved police relationships with women, which took both consensual and coercive forms. One of the book’s most interesting aspects concerns the multifaceted relationship between policing and new transportation and communication technologies, particularly the growth of motoring and the expanding use of the telephone. Both sorts of tasks—whether directing traffic and ticketing motorists or responding to telephone requests for assistance with a myriad of (often petty) problems—not only interfered with what officers saw as their main duty (i.e., fighting crime) but also contributed to tensions between police and public: notably, the growth of motoring meant the “higher classes” had more encounters with (working-class) police officers. Klein’s focus on provincial cities is indeed a valuable, refreshing corrective to a historiographical tendency to view policing in Britain chiefly through the prism of London; however, while one can applaud the desire to emphasize the distinctive character of policing in Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester, greater engagement with events in (and the existing literature on) the capital would have enabled more direct comparison and improved clarity about the revisionist potential these other contexts offer. As Britain’s largest and most high-profile force, London’s Metropolitan Police surely disproportionately influenced the image and practice of British policing. The late 1920s, for example, saw several high-profile scandals in the nation’s capital, involving topics such as street offenses, interrogation procedures, and corruption. The results were not only heated press and political debates but also parliamentary investigations, which, while briefly referred to, are not contextualized. The introduction of female police (or at least the intense debate around the issue) is also curiously absent from an otherwise comprehensive analysis of the police issues of the time. Police relations with foreigners or ethnic minorities are only mentioned in passing, which is surprising given that in all three urban areas—particularly Liverpool—such groups would have been a significant presence. Nonetheless, this is a lively and remarkable book. If one of Klein’s goals was to break down the public’s view
{"title":"Patrick Leary. The Punch Brotherhood: Table Talk and Print Culture in Mid-Victorian London . London: British Library, 2010. Pp. 184. $40.00 (cloth).","authors":"T. Collins","doi":"10.1086/661007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/661007","url":null,"abstract":"relationships with the public. These were characterized by patterns of conflict and comity that varied by class and gender. The working classes were most likely to respond to police interference with violence, while the middle and upper classes were more prone to be “patronizing” and send letters of complaint. Klein sees a general improvement in policeand-public interactions, noting an increased civilian willingness to assist constables in trouble and, more generally, to cooperate with investigations. Constables had friendly relations with the public through gossip, assistance, favors, perks, and charity. Such contacts show, Klein argues, that constables “remained part of the working-class community” (221). One tricky issue, however, involved police relationships with women, which took both consensual and coercive forms. One of the book’s most interesting aspects concerns the multifaceted relationship between policing and new transportation and communication technologies, particularly the growth of motoring and the expanding use of the telephone. Both sorts of tasks—whether directing traffic and ticketing motorists or responding to telephone requests for assistance with a myriad of (often petty) problems—not only interfered with what officers saw as their main duty (i.e., fighting crime) but also contributed to tensions between police and public: notably, the growth of motoring meant the “higher classes” had more encounters with (working-class) police officers. Klein’s focus on provincial cities is indeed a valuable, refreshing corrective to a historiographical tendency to view policing in Britain chiefly through the prism of London; however, while one can applaud the desire to emphasize the distinctive character of policing in Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester, greater engagement with events in (and the existing literature on) the capital would have enabled more direct comparison and improved clarity about the revisionist potential these other contexts offer. As Britain’s largest and most high-profile force, London’s Metropolitan Police surely disproportionately influenced the image and practice of British policing. The late 1920s, for example, saw several high-profile scandals in the nation’s capital, involving topics such as street offenses, interrogation procedures, and corruption. The results were not only heated press and political debates but also parliamentary investigations, which, while briefly referred to, are not contextualized. The introduction of female police (or at least the intense debate around the issue) is also curiously absent from an otherwise comprehensive analysis of the police issues of the time. Police relations with foreigners or ethnic minorities are only mentioned in passing, which is surprising given that in all three urban areas—particularly Liverpool—such groups would have been a significant presence. Nonetheless, this is a lively and remarkable book. If one of Klein’s goals was to break down the public’s view ","PeriodicalId":132502,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of British Studies","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127397241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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