Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3378375
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3378375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2024.3378375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10484991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3382203
Mohamed Agam;Vinod Paul;Mohamed Abdelgawad;Ghaleb A. Husseini
Liposomes are spherical vesicles formed from bilayer lipid membranes that are extensively used in targeted drug delivery as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic reagents to specific tissues and organs in the body. Recently, we have reported using estrone as an endogenous ligand on doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes to target estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Estrone liposomes were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method, which is a long, arduous, and multistep process. Here, we report using a herringbone micromixer to synthesize estrone liposomes in a simple and rapid manner. A solvent stream containing the lipids was mixed with a stream of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) inside a microchannel integrated with herringbone-shaped ridges that enhanced the mixing of the two streams. The small scale involved enabled rapid solvent exchange and initiated the self-assembly of the lipids to form the required liposomes. The effect of different parameters on liposome size, such as the ratio between the flow rate of the solvent and the buffer solutions (FRR), total flow rate, lipid concentrations, and solvent type, were investigated. Using this commercially available chip, we obtained liposomes with a radius of 66.1 ± 11.2 nm (mean ± standard deviation) and a polydispersity of 22% in less than 15 minutes compared to a total of $sim $ 11 hours using conventional techniques. Calcein was encapsulated inside the prepared liposomes as a model drug and was released by applying ultrasound at different powers. The size of the prepared liposomes was stable over a period of one month. Overall, using microfluidics to synthesize estrone liposomes simplified the procedure considerably and improved the reproducibility of the resulting liposomes.
{"title":"Production of Targeted Estrone Liposomes Using a Herringbone Micromixer","authors":"Mohamed Agam;Vinod Paul;Mohamed Abdelgawad;Ghaleb A. Husseini","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3382203","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3382203","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are spherical vesicles formed from bilayer lipid membranes that are extensively used in targeted drug delivery as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic reagents to specific tissues and organs in the body. Recently, we have reported using estrone as an endogenous ligand on doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes to target estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Estrone liposomes were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method, which is a long, arduous, and multistep process. Here, we report using a herringbone micromixer to synthesize estrone liposomes in a simple and rapid manner. A solvent stream containing the lipids was mixed with a stream of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) inside a microchannel integrated with herringbone-shaped ridges that enhanced the mixing of the two streams. The small scale involved enabled rapid solvent exchange and initiated the self-assembly of the lipids to form the required liposomes. The effect of different parameters on liposome size, such as the ratio between the flow rate of the solvent and the buffer solutions (FRR), total flow rate, lipid concentrations, and solvent type, were investigated. Using this commercially available chip, we obtained liposomes with a radius of 66.1 ± 11.2 nm (mean ± standard deviation) and a polydispersity of 22% in less than 15 minutes compared to a total of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u000011 hours using conventional techniques. Calcein was encapsulated inside the prepared liposomes as a model drug and was released by applying ultrasound at different powers. The size of the prepared liposomes was stable over a period of one month. Overall, using microfluidics to synthesize estrone liposomes simplified the procedure considerably and improved the reproducibility of the resulting liposomes.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 3","pages":"472-481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10479533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3404592
Taishi Kotsuka;Yutaka Hori
Molecular communication (MC) is recently featured as a novel communication tool to connect individual biological nanorobots. It is expected that a large number of nanorobots can form large multi-agent MC systems through MC to accomplish complex and large-scale tasks that cannot be achieved by a single nanorobot. However, most previous models for MC systems assume a unidirectional diffusion communication channel and cannot capture the feedback between each nanorobot, which is important for multi-agent MC systems. In this paper, we introduce a system theoretic model for large-scale multi-agent MC systems using transfer functions, and then propose a method to analyze the stability for multi-agent MC systems. The proposed method decomposes the multi-agent MC system into multiple single-input and single-output (SISO) systems, which facilitates the application of simple analysis technique for SISO systems to the large-scale multi-agent MC system. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed method by analyzing the stability of a specific large-scale multi-agent MC system and clarify a parameter region to synchronize the states of nanorobots, which is important to make cooperative behaviors at a population level.
分子通讯（MC）作为一种新型的通讯工具，最近被广泛应用于连接单个生物纳米机器人。大量纳米机器人有望通过 MC 组成大型多代理 MC 系统，完成单个纳米机器人无法完成的复杂和大规模任务。然而，以往的 MC 系统模型大多假设单向扩散通信信道，无法捕捉每个纳米机器人之间的反馈，而这对于多代理 MC 系统非常重要。本文利用传递函数引入了大规模多代理 MC 系统的系统理论模型，然后提出了一种分析多代理 MC 系统稳定性的方法。所提出的方法将多代理 MC 系统分解为多个单输入和单输出（SISO）系统，从而便于将 SISO 系统的简单分析技术应用于大规模多代理 MC 系统。最后，我们通过分析特定大规模多代理 MC 系统的稳定性演示了所提出的方法，并阐明了使纳米机器人状态同步的参数区域，这对于在群体水平上实现合作行为非常重要。
{"title":"Stability Analysis for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Molecular Communication Systems","authors":"Taishi Kotsuka;Yutaka Hori","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3404592","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3404592","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular communication (MC) is recently featured as a novel communication tool to connect individual biological nanorobots. It is expected that a large number of nanorobots can form large multi-agent MC systems through MC to accomplish complex and large-scale tasks that cannot be achieved by a single nanorobot. However, most previous models for MC systems assume a unidirectional diffusion communication channel and cannot capture the feedback between each nanorobot, which is important for multi-agent MC systems. In this paper, we introduce a system theoretic model for large-scale multi-agent MC systems using transfer functions, and then propose a method to analyze the stability for multi-agent MC systems. The proposed method decomposes the multi-agent MC system into multiple single-input and single-output (SISO) systems, which facilitates the application of simple analysis technique for SISO systems to the large-scale multi-agent MC system. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed method by analyzing the stability of a specific large-scale multi-agent MC system and clarify a parameter region to synchronize the states of nanorobots, which is important to make cooperative behaviors at a population level.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 3","pages":"507-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3404396
Bosheng Song;Chuanlong Hu;Xiangxiang Zeng
A variant of tissue-like P systems is known as monodirectional tissue P systems, where objects only have one direction to move between two regions. In this article, a special kind of objects named proteins are added to monodirectional tissue P systems, which can control objects moving between regions, and such computational models are named as monodirectional tissue P systems with proteins on cells (PMT P systems). We discuss the computational properties of PMT P systems. In more detail, PMT P systems employing two cells, one protein controlling a rule, and at most one object used in each symport rule are capable of achievement of Turing universality. In addition, PMT P systems using one protein controlling a rule, and at most one object used in each symport rule can effectively solve the Boolean satisfiability problem (simply SAT ).
类组织 P 系统的一个变种被称为单向组织 P 系统，即物体在两个区域之间只有一个移动方向。本文在单向组织 P 系统中加入了一种名为蛋白质的特殊物体，它可以控制物体在区域间移动，这种计算模型被命名为细胞上有蛋白质的单向组织 P 系统（PMT P 系统）。我们将讨论 PMT P 系统的计算特性。更详细地说，采用两个细胞、一个蛋白质控制一个规则、每个交会规则最多使用一个对象的 PMT P 系统能够实现图灵普遍性。此外，使用一个蛋白质控制一个规则、每个交会规则中最多使用一个对象的 PMT P 系统可以有效地解决布尔可满足性问题（简称 SAT）。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3379976
Jae-Won Kim;Jaeho Jeong;Hee-Youl Kwak;Jong-Seon No
In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme for DNA storage using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and interleaving techniques. While conventional coding schemes generally employ error correcting codes in both inter and intra-oligo directions, we show that inter-oligo LDPC codes, optimized by differential evolution, are sufficient in ensuring the reliability of DNA storage due to the powerful soft decoding of LDPC codes. In addition, we apply interleaving techniques for handling non-uniform error characteristics of DNA storage to enhance the decoding performance. Consequently, the proposed coding scheme reduces the required number of oligo reads for perfect recovery by 26.25% ~ 38.5% compared to existing state-of-the-art coding schemes. Moreover, we develop an analytical DNA channel model in terms of non-uniform binary symmetric channels. This mathematical model allows us to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed coding scheme while isolating the experimental variation, as well as confirm the independent effects of LDPC codes and interleaving techniques.
在本文中，我们利用低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）码和交织技术提出了一种新的 DNA 存储编码方案。传统的编码方案一般在oligo间和oligo内两个方向都采用纠错码，而我们的研究表明，通过差分进化优化的oligo间LDPC码足以确保DNA存储的可靠性，因为LDPC码具有强大的软解码功能。此外，我们还应用了交错技术来处理 DNA 存储的非均匀错误特性，以提高解码性能。因此，与现有的最先进编码方案相比，所提出的编码方案将完美恢复所需的寡核苷酸读数减少了 26.25% ~ 38.5%。此外，我们还根据非均匀二进制对称信道建立了 DNA 信道分析模型。通过这个数学模型，我们可以证明拟议编码方案的优越性，同时隔离实验变化，并确认 LDPC 码和交织技术的独立影响。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3379588
K. Ramya;K. S. Jaya Lakshmi;Khairunnisa Amreen;Sanket Goel
L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), a critical amino acid whose aberrant levels impact melanin and dopamine levels in human body while also increasing insulin resistance thereby increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to detect the amount of L-Tyr in human fluids by tailored electrochemical synthesis of well adhered, homogenous and thin molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by the electro-polymerization of pyrrole on glassy carbon electrode modified functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The key benefits of this procedure over previous imprinting techniques were the elimination of expensive materials like Au and tedious multi-step synthesis, for L-Tyr detection using a handheld potentiostat. The developed particles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Chronoamperometry, and Cyclic Voltammetry. With strong reproducibility and stability, this optimized approach provides a rapid and effective method of preparing and sensing MIPs for the target analyte with a broad linear range of $1~mu text{M}$ to $2000~mu text{M}$ . The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification were $0.4~mu text{M}$ and $1.47~mu text{M}$ , respectively. The engineered sensor was validated for quantifying the concentrations of L-Tyr in human blood and serum samples, yielding satisfactory recovery and can be expanded in future to detect analytes simultaneous.
{"title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for L-Tyrosine Detection","authors":"K. Ramya;K. S. Jaya Lakshmi;Khairunnisa Amreen;Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3379588","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3379588","url":null,"abstract":"L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), a critical amino acid whose aberrant levels impact melanin and dopamine levels in human body while also increasing insulin resistance thereby increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to detect the amount of L-Tyr in human fluids by tailored electrochemical synthesis of well adhered, homogenous and thin molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by the electro-polymerization of pyrrole on glassy carbon electrode modified functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The key benefits of this procedure over previous imprinting techniques were the elimination of expensive materials like Au and tedious multi-step synthesis, for L-Tyr detection using a handheld potentiostat. The developed particles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Chronoamperometry, and Cyclic Voltammetry. With strong reproducibility and stability, this optimized approach provides a rapid and effective method of preparing and sensing MIPs for the target analyte with a broad linear range of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~mu text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2000~mu text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification were \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.4~mu text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.47~mu text{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, respectively. The engineered sensor was validated for quantifying the concentrations of L-Tyr in human blood and serum samples, yielding satisfactory recovery and can be expanded in future to detect analytes simultaneous.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 3","pages":"410-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3403158
Mengyang Hu;Meng Cheng;Na Wang;Yidan Sang;Yafei Dong;Luhui Wang
Here, based on the characteristics of Graphene oxide(GO) and SYBR Green I(SGI) dye, an enzyme-free and label-free fluorescent biosensor with signal amplification through DNA strand reaction is proposed for the detection of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in food safety. Firstly, without the addition of AFB1, the substrate in the system includes a double stranded Apt-S with a long sticky end and two hairpins H1 and H2. Although the complementary pairing of bases may exhibit fluorescence due to the insertion of SGI dyes, the use of GO, which is highly capable of adsorbing single stranded parts and quenching fluorescence, cleverly reduces the background fluorescence. Adding the target AFB1 triggers DNA inter chain reactions, generating a large amount of long double stranded DNA H1-H2, thereby generating strong fluorescence signals under the action of SGI. More importantly, logical theory verification and computer simulation were conducted before biological experiments, providing a theoretical basis for the implementation of the biosensor. After analysis, the fluorescence biosensor exhibits a good linear relationship with AFB1 concentration in the range of 5-50nM, with a detection limit of 0.76nM. It also has good specificity, anti-interference ability, and practical application ability, and has broad application prospects in the field of food safety.
本文基于氧化石墨烯（GO）和SYBR Green I（SGI）染料的特性，提出了一种通过DNA链反应放大信号的无酶、无标记荧光生物传感器，用于食品安全中黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的检测。首先，在不添加 AFB1 的情况下，系统中的底物包括一条具有长粘性末端的双链 Apt-S，以及两条发夹 H1 和 H2。虽然碱基互补配对可能会因 SGI 染料的插入而发出荧光，但使用具有很强吸附单链部分和淬灭荧光能力的 GO 可以巧妙地减少背景荧光。加入目标 AFB1 会引发 DNA 链间反应，生成大量长双链 DNA H1-H2，从而在 SGI 的作用下产生强烈的荧光信号。更重要的是，在生物实验之前进行了逻辑理论验证和计算机模拟，为生物传感器的实现提供了理论依据。经过分析，该荧光生物传感器在 5-50nM 范围内与 AFB1 浓度呈良好的线性关系，检测限为 0.76nM。同时，它还具有良好的特异性、抗干扰能力和实际应用能力，在食品安全领域具有广阔的应用前景。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3375933
Dongliang Jing;Lin Lin;Andrew W. Eckford
In molecular communication (MC), molecules are released from the transmitter to convey information. This paper considers a realistic molecule shift keying (MoSK) scenario with two species of molecule in two reservoirs, where the molecules are harvested from the environment and placed into different reservoirs, which are purified by exchanging molecules between the reservoirs. This process consumes energy, and for a reasonable energy cost, the reservoirs cannot be pure; thus, our MoSK transmitter is imperfect, releasing mixtures of both molecules for every symbol, resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI). To mitigate ISI, the properties of the receiver are analyzed and a detection method based on the ratio of different molecules is proposed. Theoretical and simulation results are provided, showing that with the increase of energy cost, the system achieves better performance. The good performance of the proposed detection scheme is also demonstrated.
{"title":"Performance Analysis and ISI Mitigation With Imperfect Transmitter in Molecular Communication","authors":"Dongliang Jing;Lin Lin;Andrew W. Eckford","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3375933","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3375933","url":null,"abstract":"In molecular communication (MC), molecules are released from the transmitter to convey information. This paper considers a realistic molecule shift keying (MoSK) scenario with two species of molecule in two reservoirs, where the molecules are harvested from the environment and placed into different reservoirs, which are purified by exchanging molecules between the reservoirs. This process consumes energy, and for a reasonable energy cost, the reservoirs cannot be pure; thus, our MoSK transmitter is imperfect, releasing mixtures of both molecules for every symbol, resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI). To mitigate ISI, the properties of the receiver are analyzed and a detection method based on the ratio of different molecules is proposed. Theoretical and simulation results are provided, showing that with the increase of energy cost, the system achieves better performance. The good performance of the proposed detection scheme is also demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 3","pages":"428-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2024.3376824
Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi
A numerical model based on the Transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed for the first time to study the gold coated tapered fibre optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with eight different types of taper profiles namely linear, exponential-linear, Gaussian, quadratic, sinusoidal, error function type and highly perturbed taper profile so-called chirp type of profile. The performance in terms of sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (D.A.), amplitude dip, and half power points are estimated with respect to tapering ratio and choices of taper profile. It is found that sensitivity increased almost linearly with the taper ratio of each taper choice for the account of the reduction of detection accuracy. It has been found that sensitivity is highest for the case of chirp taper profile and lowest for the case of quadratic taper profile at low taper ratio. In this study, the aqueous solution is considered for sensor development which is adulterated by biomolecules species like DNA, blood samples, etc.
{"title":"Analysis of Tapered Fibre Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Bio-Sensor Chip With Highly Perturbed Taper Profiles","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3376824","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2024.3376824","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical model based on the Transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed for the first time to study the gold coated tapered fibre optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with eight different types of taper profiles namely linear, exponential-linear, Gaussian, quadratic, sinusoidal, error function type and highly perturbed taper profile so-called chirp type of profile. The performance in terms of sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (D.A.), amplitude dip, and half power points are estimated with respect to tapering ratio and choices of taper profile. It is found that sensitivity increased almost linearly with the taper ratio of each taper choice for the account of the reduction of detection accuracy. It has been found that sensitivity is highest for the case of chirp taper profile and lowest for the case of quadratic taper profile at low taper ratio. In this study, the aqueous solution is considered for sensor development which is adulterated by biomolecules species like DNA, blood samples, etc.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"23 3","pages":"439-446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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