Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3626826
Xuemei Yan;Sunfan Xi;Can Qiao;Zhenliang Zhang;Yidan Sang;Mengyang Hu;Yafei Dong;Luhui Wang
Pesticides are widely used in food cultivation and have become one of the most important means of ensuring the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. At the same time, pesticide residue detection technology needs to be updated to provide a scientific and effective basis to cope with the problems arising from the use of pesticides. As a new type of nicotine insecticide, acetamiprid is widely used in agricultural production. This paper reports a fluorescent biosensor based on graphene oxide and G-quadruplex that can be used for the determination of the target acetamiprid. It contains a specific DNA probe that can form the G-quadruplex structure and the nucleic acid sequence of the acetamiprid aptamer as the main element. The probe is stabilized and adsorbed by the$pi $ -$pi $ interaction of graphene, achieving the variation of the assay results. The optimal sequences designed for rapid screening of nucleic acids were modeled and simulated using bioinformatics tools such as NUPACK and AutoDock prior to the experiment. The detection limit of acetamiprid was 165.5 pM, which was much lower than the national food safety standard residue of 0.05 mg/kg. The sensor has the advantages of obvious economic value, fewer steps and shorter detection time. It has great application prospects in the field of food safety.
{"title":"Graphene Oxide-Based Acetamiprid Detection Platform and the Construction of Logic Gate","authors":"Xuemei Yan;Sunfan Xi;Can Qiao;Zhenliang Zhang;Yidan Sang;Mengyang Hu;Yafei Dong;Luhui Wang","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3626826","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3626826","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides are widely used in food cultivation and have become one of the most important means of ensuring the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. At the same time, pesticide residue detection technology needs to be updated to provide a scientific and effective basis to cope with the problems arising from the use of pesticides. As a new type of nicotine insecticide, acetamiprid is widely used in agricultural production. This paper reports a fluorescent biosensor based on graphene oxide and G-quadruplex that can be used for the determination of the target acetamiprid. It contains a specific DNA probe that can form the G-quadruplex structure and the nucleic acid sequence of the acetamiprid aptamer as the main element. The probe is stabilized and adsorbed by the<inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> interaction of graphene, achieving the variation of the assay results. The optimal sequences designed for rapid screening of nucleic acids were modeled and simulated using bioinformatics tools such as NUPACK and AutoDock prior to the experiment. The detection limit of acetamiprid was 165.5 pM, which was much lower than the national food safety standard residue of 0.05 mg/kg. The sensor has the advantages of obvious economic value, fewer steps and shorter detection time. It has great application prospects in the field of food safety.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145471118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3629132
Hazrat Bilal;M. S. Aslam;Aaiza Gul;Aakash Kumar;Inam Ullah;Athanasios V. Vasilakos
Intravascular nanorobotic interventions in the neurovasculature are a promising yet challenging frontier in medical technology. This study addresses the challenge of precise control over nanorobots within the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), particularly under conditions of significant stenosis (80.1%) that complicate flow and navigation. Despite advances in magnetically actuated nanorobots for targeted therapies, achieving fine-grained control in complex vascular environments remains a critical issue. To address this, we propose a novel tri-coil electromagnetic system that uses three independent coils to generate dynamically modulated magnetic fields, enabling precise control of nanorobot motion. Coils 1 and 3 create evolving magnetic fields, while Coil 2 maintains a static field to shape the overall force application. A mathematical model was developed and implemented to optimize the system, demonstrating its ability to manipulate nanorobots within stenosed M2 MCA vessels. Our approach achieved high precision, allowing a lateral shift of the nanorobot trajectory with a magnetic field intensity of 40 mT. This tri-coil system offers a significant advancement in nanorobotic navigation and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through minimally invasive techniques.
{"title":"Optimized Tri-Coil Magnetic Guidance of Nanorobots for Targeted Plaque Therapy in the Middle Cerebral Artery","authors":"Hazrat Bilal;M. S. Aslam;Aaiza Gul;Aakash Kumar;Inam Ullah;Athanasios V. Vasilakos","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3629132","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3629132","url":null,"abstract":"Intravascular nanorobotic interventions in the neurovasculature are a promising yet challenging frontier in medical technology. This study addresses the challenge of precise control over nanorobots within the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), particularly under conditions of significant stenosis (80.1%) that complicate flow and navigation. Despite advances in magnetically actuated nanorobots for targeted therapies, achieving fine-grained control in complex vascular environments remains a critical issue. To address this, we propose a novel tri-coil electromagnetic system that uses three independent coils to generate dynamically modulated magnetic fields, enabling precise control of nanorobot motion. Coils 1 and 3 create evolving magnetic fields, while Coil 2 maintains a static field to shape the overall force application. A mathematical model was developed and implemented to optimize the system, demonstrating its ability to manipulate nanorobots within stenosed M2 MCA vessels. Our approach achieved high precision, allowing a lateral shift of the nanorobot trajectory with a magnetic field intensity of 40 mT. This tri-coil system offers a significant advancement in nanorobotic navigation and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through minimally invasive techniques.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145451647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3627286
Teena tom Dieck;Lukas Brand;Lea Erbacher;Daniela Wegner;Sebastian Lotter;Kathrin Castiglione;Robert Schober;Maximilian Schäfer
This paper presents a novel optically controllable molecular communication (MC) transmitter (TX) design based on vesicular nanodevices (NDs), functionalized for controlled signaling molecule release via transmembrane proteins. All system components are chemically realizable, bridging the gap between MC theory and practical implementation. The NDs enable optical-to-chemical signal conversion, making them suitable as externally controllable TXs in various MC systems. The proposed design comprises two cooperating modules, namely an energizing and a release module, allowing the release of different signaling molecules depending on the module configuration. We introduce a general system model and provide a detailed mathematical analysis of a specific TX realization, deriving both exact and approximate analytical expressions for the released signaling molecule concentration, which are validated via numerical methods. The proposed model also accounts for the impact of buffering media commonly present in experimental or in-body environments. We further incorporate the impact of multiple NDs and parameter randomness inherent to vesicle synthesis into our model. The proposed models for single and multiple ND scenarios enable system parameter optimization, aiding the future experimental realization of the proposed MC TXs.
{"title":"Practical Transmitters for MC: Functionalized Nanodevices Employing Cooperative Transmembrane Transport Proteins","authors":"Teena tom Dieck;Lukas Brand;Lea Erbacher;Daniela Wegner;Sebastian Lotter;Kathrin Castiglione;Robert Schober;Maximilian Schäfer","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3627286","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3627286","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel optically controllable molecular communication (MC) transmitter (TX) design based on vesicular nanodevices (NDs), functionalized for controlled signaling molecule release via transmembrane proteins. All system components are chemically realizable, bridging the gap between MC theory and practical implementation. The NDs enable optical-to-chemical signal conversion, making them suitable as externally controllable TXs in various MC systems. The proposed design comprises two cooperating modules, namely an energizing and a release module, allowing the release of different signaling molecules depending on the module configuration. We introduce a general system model and provide a detailed mathematical analysis of a specific TX realization, deriving both exact and approximate analytical expressions for the released signaling molecule concentration, which are validated via numerical methods. The proposed model also accounts for the impact of buffering media commonly present in experimental or in-body environments. We further incorporate the impact of multiple NDs and parameter randomness inherent to vesicle synthesis into our model. The proposed models for single and multiple ND scenarios enable system parameter optimization, aiding the future experimental realization of the proposed MC TXs.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"80-98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11222784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3615613
Chi Ma;Wei Zheng;Fei Teng;Sifan Tang;Jianli Wang;Jiayu Chen;Yan Mi
As a non-contact physical intervention technique, pulsed magnetic field (PMF) has been shown to regulate cell membrane permeability. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and their permeabilization efficiency is relatively low. Building on the advantages of magneto-mechanical regulation with magnetic nanoparticles, this study proposes combining PMF with magnetic nanoparticles. By leveraging magneto-mechanical force (MMF) as the central mechanism, the aim is to enhance cell permeabilization rate through optimization of the applied force magnitude. First, a theoretical analysis of the forces acting on magnetic nanoparticles was performed to guide particle parameter selection. Next, the effects of PMF alone and its combination with magnetic nanoparticles on cell membrane permeability were examined through in vitro experiments. Finally, fluorescence probes were used to investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlying cell permeabilization induced by both treatments. The permeabilization experiment results showed that the combined treatment significantly enhanced cell permeabilization. Compared to PMF treatment alone, the half-maximal effective dose decreased by 27.85%, and the rate of change in permeabilization rate increased by 49.7%. Fluorescence staining further revealed that, unlike the biochemical pathways activated by PMF treatment alone, the combined treatment caused multiple disruptions in cytoskeletal microfilaments, confirming that it induced cell permeabilization through a physical mechanism involving mechanical stress. This study leveraged the MMF generated by magnetic nanoparticles under PMF to regulate cell membrane permeability, providing a novel approach for precise control of cell membrane permeability based on physical parameters.
{"title":"Magnetomechanical Force-Driven Cell Permeabilization via Pulsed Magnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles","authors":"Chi Ma;Wei Zheng;Fei Teng;Sifan Tang;Jianli Wang;Jiayu Chen;Yan Mi","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3615613","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3615613","url":null,"abstract":"As a non-contact physical intervention technique, pulsed magnetic field (PMF) has been shown to regulate cell membrane permeability. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and their permeabilization efficiency is relatively low. Building on the advantages of magneto-mechanical regulation with magnetic nanoparticles, this study proposes combining PMF with magnetic nanoparticles. By leveraging magneto-mechanical force (MMF) as the central mechanism, the aim is to enhance cell permeabilization rate through optimization of the applied force magnitude. First, a theoretical analysis of the forces acting on magnetic nanoparticles was performed to guide particle parameter selection. Next, the effects of PMF alone and its combination with magnetic nanoparticles on cell membrane permeability were examined through in vitro experiments. Finally, fluorescence probes were used to investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlying cell permeabilization induced by both treatments. The permeabilization experiment results showed that the combined treatment significantly enhanced cell permeabilization. Compared to PMF treatment alone, the half-maximal effective dose decreased by 27.85%, and the rate of change in permeabilization rate increased by 49.7%. Fluorescence staining further revealed that, unlike the biochemical pathways activated by PMF treatment alone, the combined treatment caused multiple disruptions in cytoskeletal microfilaments, confirming that it induced cell permeabilization through a physical mechanism involving mechanical stress. This study leveraged the MMF generated by magnetic nanoparticles under PMF to regulate cell membrane permeability, providing a novel approach for precise control of cell membrane permeability based on physical parameters.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3608884
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3608884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2025.3608884","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"24 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11180170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3610622
Nihit Bhatnagar;Aneerban Roy;Sandeep Joshi
In this work, we consider a three-dimensional slow diffusive heterogeneous media-based mobile molecular communication (MC) system, with the communicating devices as point transmitters and passive spherical-shaped receiver nanomachines (NMs). For the considered slow diffusive MC system, we propose a time-varying stochastic diffusivity-based model for communicating devices and information-carrying molecules, and we characterize the mobile MC channel by the channel impulse response (CIR) and derive its mean. For the considered slow and stochastic diffusivity-based mobile MC system, we propose a novel silence-based multi-type hybrid transmission scheme, which combines communication through silence (CtS) with molecular shift keying (MoSK) and concentration shift keying (CSK) and we derive the closed-form expression for the average probability of error. For the slow diffusive environment, we compare the proposed transmission scheme with the position and concentration-based run-length aware, MoSK, and CSK transmission schemes. For the proposed silence-based multi-type hybrid and considered position and concentration-based run-length aware transmission schemes, we design their respective maximum likelihood (ML) threshold detectors. The proposed scheme outperforms and shows robust behavior in the presence of inter-symbol interference.
{"title":"Silence-Based Multi-Type Hybrid Transmission Scheme for Mobile Molecular Communication System","authors":"Nihit Bhatnagar;Aneerban Roy;Sandeep Joshi","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3610622","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3610622","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we consider a three-dimensional slow diffusive heterogeneous media-based mobile molecular communication (MC) system, with the communicating devices as point transmitters and passive spherical-shaped receiver nanomachines (NMs). For the considered slow diffusive MC system, we propose a time-varying stochastic diffusivity-based model for communicating devices and information-carrying molecules, and we characterize the mobile MC channel by the channel impulse response (CIR) and derive its mean. For the considered slow and stochastic diffusivity-based mobile MC system, we propose a novel silence-based multi-type hybrid transmission scheme, which combines communication through silence (CtS) with molecular shift keying (MoSK) and concentration shift keying (CSK) and we derive the closed-form expression for the average probability of error. For the slow diffusive environment, we compare the proposed transmission scheme with the position and concentration-based run-length aware, MoSK, and CSK transmission schemes. For the proposed silence-based multi-type hybrid and considered position and concentration-based run-length aware transmission schemes, we design their respective maximum likelihood (ML) threshold detectors. The proposed scheme outperforms and shows robust behavior in the presence of inter-symbol interference.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3610506
Abhishesh Pal;K. S. Deepak;Prasanta Kalita;Satish Kumar Dubey;Sanket Goel
The development of reliable point-of-source devices for soil nutrient profiling holds the key to unlocking maximum agricultural output while promoting sustainable practices with minimal environmental impact. The dynamic nature of the soil, its testing protocols, and multistep pre-processing of samples results in time-dependent responses from the sensors increasing the testing time and cost requires additional peripheral equipment. Thus, portability along with precision gets affected simultaneously. Moreover, signal processing, data generation, and acquisition also compromise the soil nutrient assessment. In this work, a standalone device was developed with an alternate soil nutrient quantification protocol for nitrate and potassium, leveraging the capillary forces in the cellulose substrate owed to porous architecture and inter-cellulose fiber voids to eliminate conventional protocols like extraction, centrifugation, and filtration (to eliminate matrix effects) to achieve single-step soil nutrient quantification. Additionally, the use of external 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), a quick 2-point calibration smartphone was employed to increase the resolution of the measurements and accuracy of the nutrient measurements. Compared to traditional soil testing methods, the proposed system demonstrated a detection limit and quantization limit of 0.1 mM, with a linear response range of 0.5–21 mM for potassium and 0.2–1.4 mM for nitrate. Precision tests across 15 reuse cycles showed average variability below ±5%, confirming the reliability and repeatability of the sensor. The proposed approach can have broader implications such as the development of portable, low-cost, processing-free, and reliable soil nutrient sensors for in-field applications.
{"title":"Capillary Soil Nutrient Profiling Device: Pre-Processing Free Approach for Rapid Soil Nutrient Assessment","authors":"Abhishesh Pal;K. S. Deepak;Prasanta Kalita;Satish Kumar Dubey;Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3610506","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3610506","url":null,"abstract":"The development of reliable point-of-source devices for soil nutrient profiling holds the key to unlocking maximum agricultural output while promoting sustainable practices with minimal environmental impact. The dynamic nature of the soil, its testing protocols, and multistep pre-processing of samples results in time-dependent responses from the sensors increasing the testing time and cost requires additional peripheral equipment. Thus, portability along with precision gets affected simultaneously. Moreover, signal processing, data generation, and acquisition also compromise the soil nutrient assessment. In this work, a standalone device was developed with an alternate soil nutrient quantification protocol for nitrate and potassium, leveraging the capillary forces in the cellulose substrate owed to porous architecture and inter-cellulose fiber voids to eliminate conventional protocols like extraction, centrifugation, and filtration (to eliminate matrix effects) to achieve single-step soil nutrient quantification. Additionally, the use of external 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), a quick 2-point calibration smartphone was employed to increase the resolution of the measurements and accuracy of the nutrient measurements. Compared to traditional soil testing methods, the proposed system demonstrated a detection limit and quantization limit of 0.1 mM, with a linear response range of 0.5–21 mM for potassium and 0.2–1.4 mM for nitrate. Precision tests across 15 reuse cycles showed average variability below ±5%, confirming the reliability and repeatability of the sensor. The proposed approach can have broader implications such as the development of portable, low-cost, processing-free, and reliable soil nutrient sensors for in-field applications.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by stem cells are nanoscale carriers of bioactive compounds with regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities similar to those of their parent cells. Their therapeutic potential outperforms traditional stem cell therapies by lowering hazards such tumorigenicity and allowing for precise delivery. To provide a high-efficiency platform for selectively isolating stem cell EVs from minimal serum quantities while overcoming the constraints of traditional approaches such as ultracentrifugation, we developed an immunoaffinity-based capture system utilizing SiO2 wafers functionalized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), polyethylene glycol (HS-PEG-COOH), and stem cell-specific antibodies. The platform was evaluated to isolate EVs from $20~mu $ L serum samples. The technique efficiently and selectively isolates EVs, including stem cell-derived subtypes, with yields of up to $10^{8}$ particles. Western blot testing demonstrated high purity and low protein contamination, demonstrating the capture mechanism’s selectivity. This nanoparticle-enhanced platform allows for scalable, high-purity EV extraction from small sample volumes, which aids in downstream molecular analysis and therapeutic development. Its capacity to distinguish across EV subtypes has potential in personalized medicine, regenerative therapies, and non-invasive diagnostics.
{"title":"High-Yield Isolation of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using a Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced SiO2 Immunoaffinity Platform","authors":"Krishna Thej Pammi Guru;Nusrat Praween;Palash Kumar Basu","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3606977","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3606977","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by stem cells are nanoscale carriers of bioactive compounds with regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities similar to those of their parent cells. Their therapeutic potential outperforms traditional stem cell therapies by lowering hazards such tumorigenicity and allowing for precise delivery. To provide a high-efficiency platform for selectively isolating stem cell EVs from minimal serum quantities while overcoming the constraints of traditional approaches such as ultracentrifugation, we developed an immunoaffinity-based capture system utilizing SiO<sub>2</sub> wafers functionalized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), polyethylene glycol (HS-PEG-COOH), and stem cell-specific antibodies. The platform was evaluated to isolate EVs from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>L serum samples. The technique efficiently and selectively isolates EVs, including stem cell-derived subtypes, with yields of up to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> particles. Western blot testing demonstrated high purity and low protein contamination, demonstrating the capture mechanism’s selectivity. This nanoparticle-enhanced platform allows for scalable, high-purity EV extraction from small sample volumes, which aids in downstream molecular analysis and therapeutic development. Its capacity to distinguish across EV subtypes has potential in personalized medicine, regenerative therapies, and non-invasive diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2025.3604755
Bethuel Daurai;Manashjit Gogoi;Manob Jyoti Saikia
Pancreatitis is a serious condition characterized by increased in $alpha $ -amylase concentration in the blood serum. We designed and developed of a point-of-care device for estimating $alpha $ -amylase levels using CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). QDs were synthesized, capped with polyethylene glycol, and conjugated with starch, a substrate for $alpha $ -amylase. The quantum quenching effect was determined by adding artificial blood serum (ABS) with varying concentrations of $alpha $ -amylase. A handheld fluoroscopic device was developed to estimate emission intensities relating to the quantum quenching effects. The device demonstrated excellent sensitivity with an R2 value of 0.966 and a detection limit of 49.76 U/L with a linear range of 42-420 U/L. When compared to CNPG3 method, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was -0.98, showing an inverse relation to each other. The developed device was tested with ABS. It showed promising results in laboratory conditions. However, the device needs to be clinically validated before deploying for detection of acute pancreatitis, especially in remote areas, and it can be further improvised with wireless technology and spectral sensors.
{"title":"A Point-of-Care Optical Biosensor for α-Amylase Estimation Using CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots","authors":"Bethuel Daurai;Manashjit Gogoi;Manob Jyoti Saikia","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3604755","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3604755","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatitis is a serious condition characterized by increased in <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-amylase concentration in the blood serum. We designed and developed of a point-of-care device for estimating <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-amylase levels using CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). QDs were synthesized, capped with polyethylene glycol, and conjugated with starch, a substrate for <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-amylase. The quantum quenching effect was determined by adding artificial blood serum (ABS) with varying concentrations of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-amylase. A handheld fluoroscopic device was developed to estimate emission intensities relating to the quantum quenching effects. The device demonstrated excellent sensitivity with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.966 and a detection limit of 49.76 U/L with a linear range of 42-420 U/L. When compared to CNPG3 method, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was -0.98, showing an inverse relation to each other. The developed device was tested with ABS. It showed promising results in laboratory conditions. However, the device needs to be clinically validated before deploying for detection of acute pancreatitis, especially in remote areas, and it can be further improvised with wireless technology and spectral sensors.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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