IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience最新文献

Wearable biosensors based on high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology are revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters via biochemical markers present in biofluids like sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. The exceptional properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, such as high sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and superior thermal resilience, make them perfect for flexible, skin-friendly wearable sensor devices. Advancements in electrochemical sensing technologies have noticeably enhanced the ability to detect various biomarkers, such as metabolites, bacteria, and hormones. These innovations are further enhanced by integrating microfluidic systems, flexible materials, and miniaturized components, which increase the comfort and efficiency of wearable devices. Clinical implementation and large-scale analyses are necessary to establish the capability and stability of these devices. The expanding reach of artificial intelligence (AI) is boosting the adoption of wearable biosensors, enabling data transmission through wireless communication technologies. AI is increasingly being used to analyze physiological data, providing users with personalized health insights. This paper reviews the recent advancements in wearable biosensor technology, providing its potential to enhance personalized healthcare and addressing current challenges of these devices that hinder their wider adoption and practical implementation.

Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) is a highly sensitive, label-free technique for detecting biomolecular interactions through the nonlinear magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This study presents a comparative performance evaluation of four commercial carboxyl-functionalized MNPs: Resovist®, Perimag®, Synomag®, and SHP-30 (Ocean NanoTech), to assess their biosensing suitability using MPS. Measurements at 5, 15, and 25 kHz in water, glycerol, and agarose characterized medium- and frequency-dependent relaxation: SHP-30 exhibited predominantly Brownian relaxation with the highest sensitivity to hydrodynamic size changes; Perimag® showed slower Brownian behavior with reduced sensitivity; Resovist® was predominantly Néel-dominated; and Synomag® displayed mixed relaxation. For biosensing efficiency, all four MNPs were conjugated with H1N1 hemagglutinin protein via EDC-NHS chemistry, and bio-conjugation was confirmed by FT-IR (amide I/II) and DLS (increased hydrodynamic size). ICP-MS quantified the retained iron content after conjugation and washing, and all samples were normalized to the same iron mass for MPS measurement. Frequency-tuned MPS measurements identified that SHP-30 exhibited significantly greater signal suppression at low frequencies (∼7.74 kHz) upon protein binding, enabling protein detection limit down to 10 nM. Collectively, these findings establish SHP-30 as a highly sensitive and efficient candidate for biomarker-conjugated MPS diagnostics, with potential utility in infectious disease detection and point-of-care applications.

Electrospinning is a technique that utilizes high voltage to produce polymer nanofibers with adjustable morphology, extensive surface area, and interconnected porosity, rendering them highly suitable for biomedical applications. A prominent application of these fibers is in localized drug delivery, where they enable prolonged and targeted release. This review discusses various ELS techniques, each offering distinct advantages for incorporating small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, either during the fiber formation process or through subsequent processing. Critical formulation factors such as polymer type, solvent, molecular weight, flow rate, and environmental conditions significantly influence fiber properties and drug release patterns. The review also highlights material selections and therapeutic applications in areas such as ocular, oral, dermal, and probiotic delivery, as well as in wound healing and tissue engineering.

Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional invasive methods, offering advantages such as reduced pain, lower infection risk, and improved patient compliance. However, the influence of age-related skin topography, particularly wrinkle-induced variations, on delivery efficacy in terms of time delay and geometry-dependent total dose remains underexplored. This study presents a computational investigation of iontophoretic drug transport using hollow conical microneedles, focusing on age-variant skin profiles characterized by sinusoidal wrinkle patterns. The transdermal delivery of the ionic dermatological agent Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate is modeled at initial concentrations of 1-5 mg/L, using microneedle lengths of 100 μm and 150 μm. The spatial and temporal concentration profiles of drug diffusion within the dermis are simulated over a 30-minute period. COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to optimize microneedle and electrode design parameters by analyzing applied power, terminal resistance, and the time constant of drug permeation. Skin resistance is modeled across a 1000 μm surface span under three distinct skin conditions: a) smooth/flat skin, b) increased wrinkle amplitude (deeper crests), and c) increased wrinkle frequency (denser undulations). The results provide quantitative insights into how microneedle geometry and age-related skin surface morphology influence iontophoretic transport efficiency. This study offers design guidelines for age-responsive microneedle systems and informs future regulatory considerations in developing transdermal biomedical devices.

Photocatalytic decomposition has attracted much attention due to its great potential in removing antibiotics from aqueous solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic degradation for the destruction of the antibiotic penicillin G, which is widely used in human and veterinary medicine, in aqueous solutions. This study utilized a NiFe2O4@MoO3 nanocomposite, synthesized via a green method using Pulicaria Gnaphalodes extract, for the photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G in aqueous solutions. Analysis of XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, DLS, and EDX-mapping confirmed successful synthesis of the nanocomposite with a size below 100 nm. Various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, penicillin G concentration, and contact time were optimized to enhance the efficiency of the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite in removing penicillin G. About 68% of penicillin G was decomposed under optimal conditions (pH = 9, nanocomposite dose: 0.8 g/L and penicillin G concentration: 10 mg/L). The results suggest that the photocatalytic process using the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite is a promising method for the removal of penicillin G antibiotics from water.