This case report delves into an atypical presentation of trichomoniasis in a previously healthy 56-year-old female. Presenting with burning micturition and pruritus, the patient’s urine microscopy revealed characteristic twisting motility of Trichomonas vaginalis, confirming the diagnosis. Treatment with metronidazole resulted in prompt symptomatic improvement. This case underscores the importance of recognizing diverse presentations of Trichomoniasis for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.
{"title":"Unraveling the quivering dance: Trichomoniasis","authors":"Archana Rajan, Nishtha Kapil","doi":"10.25259/ijms_233_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_233_2023","url":null,"abstract":"This case report delves into an atypical presentation of trichomoniasis in a previously healthy 56-year-old female. Presenting with burning micturition and pruritus, the patient’s urine microscopy revealed characteristic twisting motility of Trichomonas vaginalis, confirming the diagnosis. Treatment with metronidazole resulted in prompt symptomatic improvement. This case underscores the importance of recognizing diverse presentations of Trichomoniasis for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Vaman, M. Kalyanasundaram, T. P. Amina, M. Murhekar
Kasaragod district reports the highest drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) case notification rates in Kerala. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Kasaragod to describe the DR-TB cases notified from January 2017 to December 2021 and to identify the factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in DR-TB patients. We analyzed the programmatic data from the “Nikshay portal” (a web-based patient management information system for [TB] under the National TB Elimination Program), DR-TB treatment cards, and treatment registers available with the district TB center for all the DR-TB patients notified during the study period. We described the DR-TB cases by year, local self-government area (the local administrative setup), age, gender, income level, and treatment outcomes. We compared sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical factors among the DR-TB patients with favorable (cured and treatment completed) and unfavorable (died, lost to follow-up, and treatment failure) treatment outcomes. From January 2017 to December 2021, 128 DR-TB cases were notified from Kasaragod. Annual notification rates varied from 1.4 to 3.4/100,000 population with the highest notification in 2019. The proportion of new TB cases notified tested for drug sensitivity rose from 22% in 2017 to 86% in 2021. Seven of 41 local self-government areas had not notified DR-TB cases during 2017–2021. The notification was higher in inter-state border areas and the coastal belt of the district. The notification of DR-TB cases was highest among the 45–59 age group (17/100,000), followed by the 60 above group (11/100,000). Males and those living below the poverty line had higher notification rates. Among the outcomes evaluated 118 DR-TB patients, 89 (75.4%) had favorable outcomes, whereas the remaining 24.6% had unfavorable outcomes (death 18 [15.3%], loss to follow-up 7 [6%], and treatment failure 4 [3.4%]). Age more than 45 years adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–8.8), income category below the poverty line aOR 6 (95% CI 1.2–28.6), admitted at least twice during treatment aOR 9.2 (95% CI 2.8–30.3), and body mass index at diagnosis <18.5 kg/m2 aOR 3 (95% CI 1.1–10.3) were found to be significantly associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. DR-TB notifications have increased in the Kasaragod district from 2017 to 2021, with a high burden among males aged 45 years and above. The favorable treatment outcome is better than the national and state average. Regular monitoring and follow-up of multidrug-resistant patients with low incomes, above 45 years, and underweight may improve the final treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases notified in a low-resource district in Kerala, India 2017–2021 – A 5-year retrospective analysis","authors":"R. Vaman, M. Kalyanasundaram, T. P. Amina, M. Murhekar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_45_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_45_2024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Kasaragod district reports the highest drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) case notification rates in Kerala. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Kasaragod to describe the DR-TB cases notified from January 2017 to December 2021 and to identify the factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in DR-TB patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We analyzed the programmatic data from the “Nikshay portal” (a web-based patient management information system for [TB] under the National TB Elimination Program), DR-TB treatment cards, and treatment registers available with the district TB center for all the DR-TB patients notified during the study period. We described the DR-TB cases by year, local self-government area (the local administrative setup), age, gender, income level, and treatment outcomes. We compared sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical factors among the DR-TB patients with favorable (cured and treatment completed) and unfavorable (died, lost to follow-up, and treatment failure) treatment outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From January 2017 to December 2021, 128 DR-TB cases were notified from Kasaragod. Annual notification rates varied from 1.4 to 3.4/100,000 population with the highest notification in 2019. The proportion of new TB cases notified tested for drug sensitivity rose from 22% in 2017 to 86% in 2021. Seven of 41 local self-government areas had not notified DR-TB cases during 2017–2021. The notification was higher in inter-state border areas and the coastal belt of the district. The notification of DR-TB cases was highest among the 45–59 age group (17/100,000), followed by the 60 above group (11/100,000). Males and those living below the poverty line had higher notification rates. Among the outcomes evaluated 118 DR-TB patients, 89 (75.4%) had favorable outcomes, whereas the remaining 24.6% had unfavorable outcomes (death 18 [15.3%], loss to follow-up 7 [6%], and treatment failure 4 [3.4%]). Age more than 45 years adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–8.8), income category below the poverty line aOR 6 (95% CI 1.2–28.6), admitted at least twice during treatment aOR 9.2 (95% CI 2.8–30.3), and body mass index at diagnosis <18.5 kg/m2 aOR 3 (95% CI 1.1–10.3) were found to be significantly associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000DR-TB notifications have increased in the Kasaragod district from 2017 to 2021, with a high burden among males aged 45 years and above. The favorable treatment outcome is better than the national and state average. Regular monitoring and follow-up of multidrug-resistant patients with low incomes, above 45 years, and underweight may improve the final treatment outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. N. Gandhi, Swati Sugnesh Patel, Apurva Chaudhary, Kalpesh Nakrani
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) both are spread through the fecal-oral route and cause acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and pose a major public health problem in India. This study was done to find out the proportion of positivity of HAV and HEV in patients with AVH and its seasonal trend. A retrospective study was carried out at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Surat, Gujarat. Result of 3615 blood samples of suspected AVH patients of the past 5 years (January 2018–December 2022) were taken from hospital data records. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to test serum samples for immunoglobulin M (IgM) HAV and IgM HEV antibodies for HAV and HEV, respectively. All samples were evaluated for liver function as well. The positivity of HAV and HEV was 15.13% and 10.26%, respectively. The coinfection rate was 2.07%. HAV and HEV both affected males more than females. Among pregnant females, HEV infection had more positivity (6.77%) than HAV, which had 1.08% positivity. HAV and HEV infections had a seasonal trend, with the highest infection rate in the monsoon. The declining trend of cases of HAV and HEV was found in Surat city of south Gujarat which indicates increased awareness about hepatitis among people and better public health management by the civic authorities.
{"title":"A declining trend of hepatitis A and hepatitis E at tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat","authors":"T. N. Gandhi, Swati Sugnesh Patel, Apurva Chaudhary, Kalpesh Nakrani","doi":"10.25259/ijms_225_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_225_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) both are spread through the fecal-oral route and cause acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and pose a major public health problem in India. This study was done to find out the proportion of positivity of HAV and HEV in patients with AVH and its seasonal trend.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective study was carried out at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Surat, Gujarat. Result of 3615 blood samples of suspected AVH patients of the past 5 years (January 2018–December 2022) were taken from hospital data records. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to test serum samples for immunoglobulin M (IgM) HAV and IgM HEV antibodies for HAV and HEV, respectively. All samples were evaluated for liver function as well.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The positivity of HAV and HEV was 15.13% and 10.26%, respectively. The coinfection rate was 2.07%. HAV and HEV both affected males more than females. Among pregnant females, HEV infection had more positivity (6.77%) than HAV, which had 1.08% positivity. HAV and HEV infections had a seasonal trend, with the highest infection rate in the monsoon.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The declining trend of cases of HAV and HEV was found in Surat city of south Gujarat which indicates increased awareness about hepatitis among people and better public health management by the civic authorities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marius Emanuel Dsouza, Meksha Sakariya, Ajay Ramchandra Supe, Dynaneshwar More
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by distinctive cutaneous manifestations. Recent advancements have led to the identification of a novel myositis-specific autoantibody called anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF-1-γ) which presents with unique cutaneous manifestations and a heightened risk for malignancy. We report a case of a 55-year-old female who presented with proximal muscle weakness, an erythematous rash over the face, blanching erythema over the nape of the neck, and red-on-white lesions over the chest. She was diagnosed with anti-TIF-1-γ positive DM and found to have a palpable mass in the right breast. Biopsy showed triple negative invasive breast carcinoma no special type (NST) grade 3. She showed poor response to steroids and was referred for cancer staging and treatment. The anti-TIF-1-γ antibody serves as a novel tool to identify a subset of DM patients at high risk for cancer. At present, it’s role in the prognosis or surveillance of cancer recurrence remains uncertain.
{"title":"Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma antibody-associated paraneoplastic dermatomyositis: A case report","authors":"Marius Emanuel Dsouza, Meksha Sakariya, Ajay Ramchandra Supe, Dynaneshwar More","doi":"10.25259/ijms_39_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_39_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by distinctive cutaneous manifestations. Recent advancements have led to the identification of a novel myositis-specific autoantibody called anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF-1-γ) which presents with unique cutaneous manifestations and a heightened risk for malignancy. We report a case of a 55-year-old female who presented with proximal muscle weakness, an erythematous rash over the face, blanching erythema over the nape of the neck, and red-on-white lesions over the chest. She was diagnosed with anti-TIF-1-γ positive DM and found to have a palpable mass in the right breast. Biopsy showed triple negative invasive breast carcinoma no special type (NST) grade 3. She showed poor response to steroids and was referred for cancer staging and treatment. The anti-TIF-1-γ antibody serves as a novel tool to identify a subset of DM patients at high risk for cancer. At present, it’s role in the prognosis or surveillance of cancer recurrence remains uncertain.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive review article looks into teachers’ transformative role in addressing the intersecting challenges of mental health, learning disabilities (LDs), and inclusive education. Recognizing the global prevalence and impact of these issues, the article emphasizes the crucial involvement point of the school environment. Despite teachers’ potential, challenges such as a lack of knowledge and confidence in understanding and handling mental health conditions and LDs persist. The proposed solutions advocate for targeted training programs and collaboration with mental health professionals, backed up by a hybrid approach that combines in-person and online learning. The article also delves into the educational landscape, addressing issues such as learning difficulties, the prevalence of LDs, and the role of teachers as intermediaries in early identification and support. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of closing the gap between policy intent and practical implementation for every student’s holistic well-being and academic success.
{"title":"Teachers empowerment: A transformative approach to mental health, learning disabilities, and inclusive education","authors":"Aashima Magotra, Vidya","doi":"10.25259/ijms_241_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_241_2023","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review article looks into teachers’ transformative role in addressing the intersecting challenges of mental health, learning disabilities (LDs), and inclusive education. Recognizing the global prevalence and impact of these issues, the article emphasizes the crucial involvement point of the school environment. Despite teachers’ potential, challenges such as a lack of knowledge and confidence in understanding and handling mental health conditions and LDs persist. The proposed solutions advocate for targeted training programs and collaboration with mental health professionals, backed up by a hybrid approach that combines in-person and online learning. The article also delves into the educational landscape, addressing issues such as learning difficulties, the prevalence of LDs, and the role of teachers as intermediaries in early identification and support. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of closing the gap between policy intent and practical implementation for every student’s holistic well-being and academic success.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to raise awareness toward early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prevention of respiratory complications in patients with neurological diseases. The goal is to improve patients’ overall condition and reduce mortality rates. This study is a prospective observational study conducted at Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syria, from October 2022 to March 2023. It includes (100) patients diagnosed with neurological diseases who developed respiratory complications. Their ages ranged from 18 to 89 years, with an equal gender distribution. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics version 19. This study revealed that cerebrovascular accidents cause aspiration pneumonia. The most frequent chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography findings showed pulmonary densities and infiltrates. Subsequently, arterial blood gas results showed type 2 respiratory failure. Many patients experienced regression of respiratory complications, and the mortality rate was low, indicating the efficacy of treatments. Respiratory complications significantly contribute to mortality in patients with neurological diseases. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and preventive measures such as elevating the patient’s bed and periodic suctioning of secretions. Placing patients in specialized neurological intensive care units for tailored treatment is advised.
{"title":"Respiratory complications of neurological diseases","authors":"Maya Aldurah, Raed Aractingi, Hussam Al Bardan","doi":"10.25259/ijms_90_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_90_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aims to raise awareness toward early diagnosis, effective treatment, and prevention of respiratory complications in patients with neurological diseases. The goal is to improve patients’ overall condition and reduce mortality rates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study is a prospective observational study conducted at Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syria, from October 2022 to March 2023. It includes (100) patients diagnosed with neurological diseases who developed respiratory complications. Their ages ranged from 18 to 89 years, with an equal gender distribution. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics version 19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study revealed that cerebrovascular accidents cause aspiration pneumonia. The most frequent chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography findings showed pulmonary densities and infiltrates. Subsequently, arterial blood gas results showed type 2 respiratory failure. Many patients experienced regression of respiratory complications, and the mortality rate was low, indicating the efficacy of treatments.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Respiratory complications significantly contribute to mortality in patients with neurological diseases. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and preventive measures such as elevating the patient’s bed and periodic suctioning of secretions. Placing patients in specialized neurological intensive care units for tailored treatment is advised.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"48 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the experiences of 62 participants with tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses, 57 participants with direct contact with patients, and 61 participants from the general public, regarding TB-related stigma. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand the issue of TB. A representative sample of 62 participants with TB diagnoses, 57 with direct patient contact, and 61 from the general public was selected. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and trends and patterns were identified using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Squared test. Over half of TB patients expressed internalized stigma involving self-stigmatization by feeling ashamed, afraid that others would see them as contagious or different due to their illness. A total of 42 of 62 participants, or 68%, expressed anticipated stigma involving fear of discrimination and changing the topic of conversation or avoid discussing the disease openly. (6/62, 10%) expressed enacted stigma and discrimination reporting they lacked respect from medical staff. Females were more likely than males to show both anticipated stigma by feeling different and being afraid of transmitting the disease (p-value), and more likely to avoid talking about their disease or changing the subject (p-value). There was no significant association between gender and feeling respected by medical professionals (p-value = 0.172). Contacts believed poverty caused TB (17/57, 30%); they feared community infection risk (45/57, 79%). Most contacts with patients viewed patients with compassion (36/57, 63%), and most were willing to associate (47/57, 82%). Male contacts are more likely to fear infection risks. The investigation of sociodemographic characteristics and stigmatization of TB patients among contacts of TB patients found that education level, gender, and economic position were substantially linked with stigmatization towards TB patients. On the other hand, men were more likely than females to anticipate infection risks in the community (p-value < 0.001). Ordinary people feared infection (44/61, 72%) and thought poverty caused TB (17/61, 28%). Most saw the patients with compassion (35/61, 57%); they were willing to associate (45/61, 74%). Education level in the ordinary people was strongly connected with fear of infection and their opinions about whether TB patients deserve their disease. As opposed to this, perceptions of TB patients were strongly associated with gender and economic status. Based on the data supplied, there may be a link between socioeconomic status and stigmatization towards TB patients; however, more studies would be required to establish whether this association is statistically significant. Overall, the research employed a comprehensive and extensive methodology, offering valuable insights into the stigmatization of TB patients. This might influence policy and practice in the field. The result
{"title":"Understanding tuberculosis-related stigma: Impacts on patients, contacts, and society – A mixed study","authors":"K. Alselwi","doi":"10.25259/ijms_158_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_158_2023","url":null,"abstract":"This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the experiences of 62 participants with tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses, 57 participants with direct contact with patients, and 61 participants from the general public, regarding TB-related stigma. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand the issue of TB. A representative sample of 62 participants with TB diagnoses, 57 with direct patient contact, and 61 from the general public was selected. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and trends and patterns were identified using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Squared test. Over half of TB patients expressed internalized stigma involving self-stigmatization by feeling ashamed, afraid that others would see them as contagious or different due to their illness. A total of 42 of 62 participants, or 68%, expressed anticipated stigma involving fear of discrimination and changing the topic of conversation or avoid discussing the disease openly. (6/62, 10%) expressed enacted stigma and discrimination reporting they lacked respect from medical staff. Females were more likely than males to show both anticipated stigma by feeling different and being afraid of transmitting the disease (p-value), and more likely to avoid talking about their disease or changing the subject (p-value). There was no significant association between gender and feeling respected by medical professionals (p-value = 0.172). Contacts believed poverty caused TB (17/57, 30%); they feared community infection risk (45/57, 79%). Most contacts with patients viewed patients with compassion (36/57, 63%), and most were willing to associate (47/57, 82%). Male contacts are more likely to fear infection risks. The investigation of sociodemographic characteristics and stigmatization of TB patients among contacts of TB patients found that education level, gender, and economic position were substantially linked with stigmatization towards TB patients. On the other hand, men were more likely than females to anticipate infection risks in the community (p-value < 0.001). Ordinary people feared infection (44/61, 72%) and thought poverty caused TB (17/61, 28%). Most saw the patients with compassion (35/61, 57%); they were willing to associate (45/61, 74%). Education level in the ordinary people was strongly connected with fear of infection and their opinions about whether TB patients deserve their disease. As opposed to this, perceptions of TB patients were strongly associated with gender and economic status. Based on the data supplied, there may be a link between socioeconomic status and stigmatization towards TB patients; however, more studies would be required to establish whether this association is statistically significant. Overall, the research employed a comprehensive and extensive methodology, offering valuable insights into the stigmatization of TB patients. This might influence policy and practice in the field. The result","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perinatal mortality is among the key health, prosperity, and economic status indicators. This retrospective study determines the causes of prenatal (stillbirth) and neonatal mortality during July–December 2021 and their yearly prevalence during 2013–2021 in the Women and Children’s Hospital in the district Dera Ismail Khan. The data were extracted from the admission registers maintained by the said hospital and were found not in organized and consolidated form. A month-wise organized/consolidated report for each cause of mortality was prepared. A total of 508 cases of both prenatal and neonatal mortality in the nursery ward indicated hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) showed overall 39.8% mortality in the study area, followed by premature (15.4%), senile prostatic enlargement (10%), low birth weight revealed (9.3%), birth asphyxia (5.3%), neonatal jaundice (4.5%), respiratory distress syndrome (4.3%), non-nutritive sucking (3.5%), congenital heart defects (2.4%), meconium aspiration syndrome (1.8%), and the remaining cases each contributed to ≤0.6% of overall mortality. The isolation ward contributed (48.5%), followed by the labor room (42.4%), the nutrition ward (6.1%), and the Gynae wards (3%) of all 33 cases. The overall highest mortality occurred in 2019 (15.4%) and lowest in 2013 (6.8%). The remaining years showed each <10% mortality. Neonatal mortality was mostly higher than prenatal mortality during 2013–2021 and highest (85.8%) in 2013 and the lowest (19%) in 2014. The highest and lowest prenatal mortality was 81% (2014) and 14.2% (2013), respectively. HIE caused about 40% of perinatal mortality. Neonatal mortality showed higher prevalence than prenatal mortality except in 2014.
{"title":"Causes and prevalence of prenatal and neonatal mortality in the District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ashraf Khan","doi":"10.25259/ijms_180_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_180_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal mortality is among the key health, prosperity, and economic status indicators. This retrospective study determines the causes of prenatal (stillbirth) and neonatal mortality during July–December 2021 and their yearly prevalence during 2013–2021 in the Women and Children’s Hospital in the district Dera Ismail Khan. The data were extracted from the admission registers maintained by the said hospital and were found not in organized and consolidated form. A month-wise organized/consolidated report for each cause of mortality was prepared. A total of 508 cases of both prenatal and neonatal mortality in the nursery ward indicated hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) showed overall 39.8% mortality in the study area, followed by premature (15.4%), senile prostatic enlargement (10%), low birth weight revealed (9.3%), birth asphyxia (5.3%), neonatal jaundice (4.5%), respiratory distress syndrome (4.3%), non-nutritive sucking (3.5%), congenital heart defects (2.4%), meconium aspiration syndrome (1.8%), and the remaining cases each contributed to ≤0.6% of overall mortality. The isolation ward contributed (48.5%), followed by the labor room (42.4%), the nutrition ward (6.1%), and the Gynae wards (3%) of all 33 cases. The overall highest mortality occurred in 2019 (15.4%) and lowest in 2013 (6.8%). The remaining years showed each <10% mortality. Neonatal mortality was mostly higher than prenatal mortality during 2013–2021 and highest (85.8%) in 2013 and the lowest (19%) in 2014. The highest and lowest prenatal mortality was 81% (2014) and 14.2% (2013), respectively. HIE caused about 40% of perinatal mortality. Neonatal mortality showed higher prevalence than prenatal mortality except in 2014.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"73 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the inflammatory response of the airways against harmful gases and particles in the lungs. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all countries of the world due to progressive airway restriction. The acute exacerbation phase of COPD is usually triggered by bacterial or viral infections of the airway. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and adenovirus-IgG in COPD patients. Seroprevalence of RSV-IgG and adenovirus-IgG was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in serum samples taken from 172 (107 male/65 female) patients being treated for COPD. In the RSV-IgG study, 42.5% of the samples were positive, 49.4% were negative, and 8.1% gray-zone. In the adenovirus IgG study, 30.2% of the samples were positive, 61.6% negative, and 8.2% gray-zone. In addition, 13.4% (n = 23) of 172 patients were found to have both RSV and adenovirus coexistence. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in terms of gender in viral positive patients. In this thesis study, the prevalence of specific immune responses developed in individuals against RSV and adenovirus, which play a role in COPD attacks and exacerbations has been revealed. We suggest that it will be effective to use virus-specific vaccines as a treatment modality for the elimination of viral agents that increase the severity of exacerbations in unvaccinated COPD patients.
{"title":"Adenovirus IgG and respiratory syncytial virus IgG seroprevalence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Asiye Asli Emniyet Sert, G. Avcı, Sertaç Arslan","doi":"10.25259/ijms_207_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_207_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the inflammatory response of the airways against harmful gases and particles in the lungs. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all countries of the world due to progressive airway restriction. The acute exacerbation phase of COPD is usually triggered by bacterial or viral infections of the airway. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and adenovirus-IgG in COPD patients. Seroprevalence of RSV-IgG and adenovirus-IgG was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in serum samples taken from 172 (107 male/65 female) patients being treated for COPD. In the RSV-IgG study, 42.5% of the samples were positive, 49.4% were negative, and 8.1% gray-zone. In the adenovirus IgG study, 30.2% of the samples were positive, 61.6% negative, and 8.2% gray-zone. In addition, 13.4% (n = 23) of 172 patients were found to have both RSV and adenovirus coexistence. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in terms of gender in viral positive patients. In this thesis study, the prevalence of specific immune responses developed in individuals against RSV and adenovirus, which play a role in COPD attacks and exacerbations has been revealed. We suggest that it will be effective to use virus-specific vaccines as a treatment modality for the elimination of viral agents that increase the severity of exacerbations in unvaccinated COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rezkallah, Yousif Mahmoud, Kamel Mekhaeil, R. Hanna
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy in humans. Cervical lymph node (LN) involvement is one of the major prognostic factors in disease recurrence and morbidity. Despite central lymph node dissection (CLND) is recommended in the case of involved LNs, prophylactic neck dissection is still controversial due to the potential complications associated with this procedure. The aim of the current review is to assess the correlation between the sizes of unifocal PTC with cervical LN involvement, which could help to choose the best treatment plan for patients with PTC. We performed a retrospective review for all patients who had unifocal PTC in our department from 2013 to 2019 with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. SPSS software was used to calculate this correlation. Fifty-nine patients (38 females and 21 males) were included in our study with an average age of 45.4 ± 17 years of age. Out of 17 patients (28.8%) with microcarcinomas, six of them (10.2%) had cervical LN involvement, whereas of the 42 patients (71.2%) with macrocarcinomas, 17 of them (28.8%) had cervical LN metastasis. The correlation between the tumor size and the number of metastatic LNs in our study was weakly positive (r = 0.332, P < 0.05). The decision regarding CLND should be selected on an individual base as even small micro PTC could metastasize to the local LNs.
{"title":"Does the size of unifocal papillary thyroid carcinomas affect the status of the cervical lymph nodes?","authors":"E. Rezkallah, Yousif Mahmoud, Kamel Mekhaeil, R. Hanna","doi":"10.25259/ijms_151_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_151_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy in humans. Cervical lymph node (LN) involvement is one of the major prognostic factors in disease recurrence and morbidity. Despite central lymph node dissection (CLND) is recommended in the case of involved LNs, prophylactic neck dissection is still controversial due to the potential complications associated with this procedure. The aim of the current review is to assess the correlation between the sizes of unifocal PTC with cervical LN involvement, which could help to choose the best treatment plan for patients with PTC.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We performed a retrospective review for all patients who had unifocal PTC in our department from 2013 to 2019 with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. SPSS software was used to calculate this correlation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fifty-nine patients (38 females and 21 males) were included in our study with an average age of 45.4 ± 17 years of age. Out of 17 patients (28.8%) with microcarcinomas, six of them (10.2%) had cervical LN involvement, whereas of the 42 patients (71.2%) with macrocarcinomas, 17 of them (28.8%) had cervical LN metastasis. The correlation between the tumor size and the number of metastatic LNs in our study was weakly positive (r = 0.332, P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The decision regarding CLND should be selected on an individual base as even small micro PTC could metastasize to the local LNs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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