Roshni Kuniyil, Shruti Ogra, Ameen Sumais A. P. Achaparambil, Meesala Bhageeratha
Myxomas are benign and locally invasive neoplasms of primitive mesenchymal origin. They are most commonly found in the atria of the heart. They have also been reported in bones, muscles, and other connective tissues. Myxomas are rarely found in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Myxomas are notorious for their recurrence after excision and local invasion. We report a case of intranasal myxoma in a 30-year-old male who presented with blocked ear sensation and progressive nasal block. With this report, we intend to increase awareness about the clinical presentation, histologic characteristics, and management options of myxoma.
{"title":"Unusual presentation of intranasal myxoma - A case report","authors":"Roshni Kuniyil, Shruti Ogra, Ameen Sumais A. P. Achaparambil, Meesala Bhageeratha","doi":"10.25259/ijms_335_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_335_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Myxomas are benign and locally invasive neoplasms of primitive mesenchymal origin. They are most commonly found in the atria of the heart. They have also been reported in bones, muscles, and other connective tissues. Myxomas are rarely found in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Myxomas are notorious for their recurrence after excision and local invasion. We report a case of intranasal myxoma in a 30-year-old male who presented with blocked ear sensation and progressive nasal block. With this report, we intend to increase awareness about the clinical presentation, histologic characteristics, and management options of myxoma.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83390741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Karat, Gomathy Sankaranarayanan, Priya Maniyeri, Priya Sreeraj, P. Balachandran, S. Ananthamangalath, A. George
Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a rare but well-described condition characterized by ischemic changes in the distal limbs with preserved flow in the major vessels. It results from thrombosis of the microcirculation resulting from a complex interplay of infectious and non-infectious factors. Often described as a complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), it has got multiple aggravating factors. Timely recognition and management is important as significant residual disability is noted in surviving patients. Here, we describe a patient with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis presenting with SPG associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and DIC. She had multiple aggravating factors such as hypotension, use of inotropes, and renal failure. As there were no evidence-based guidelines and since the general condition of the patient was poor, she was managed with supportive care.
{"title":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a chronic kidney disease patient on hemodialysis","authors":"Arun Karat, Gomathy Sankaranarayanan, Priya Maniyeri, Priya Sreeraj, P. Balachandran, S. Ananthamangalath, A. George","doi":"10.25259/ijms_130_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_130_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a rare but well-described condition characterized by ischemic changes in the distal limbs with preserved flow in the major vessels. It results from thrombosis of the microcirculation resulting from a complex interplay of infectious and non-infectious factors. Often described as a complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), it has got multiple aggravating factors. Timely recognition and management is important as significant residual disability is noted in surviving patients. Here, we describe a patient with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis presenting with SPG associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and DIC. She had multiple aggravating factors such as hypotension, use of inotropes, and renal failure. As there were no evidence-based guidelines and since the general condition of the patient was poor, she was managed with supportive care.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88702416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugam Godse, Anuj Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, G. Choudhary, M. K. Chhabra
The purpose of this study was to see the effect of parenteral testosterone injection on penile length, glans diameter, and diameter at the base of the penis in hypospadias patients before surgery. The study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2021. This study comprised a total of 20 hypospadias patients. At a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, an injection testosterone propionate was administered deep intramuscularly in three doses with a 3-week gap before reconstructive surgery. Before surgery, the penile length, glans diameter, and penile diameter at the base of the penis were all measured. The mean increase in penile length, glans diameter, and diameter at the base of penis following parenteral testosterone therapy was 1.07 ± 0.23 cm (P < 0.001), 1.01 ± 0.46 cm (P < 0.001), and 0.92 ± 0.12 cm (P < 0.001), respectively. All three measurements were statistically significant. Intramuscular testosterone increased penis size, glans diameter, and penile diameter without causing any notable side effects. Development of fine pubic hair, acne, and aggressiveness is minor adverse effects.
本研究的目的是观察肠外注射睾酮对尿道下裂患者术前阴茎长度、龟头直径和阴茎底部直径的影响。该研究于2019年9月至2021年3月进行。本研究共包括20例尿道下裂患者。以2mg /kg体重的剂量注射丙酸睾酮，在重建手术前间隔3周，分3次给药。术前测量阴茎长度、阴茎头直径、阴茎底部直径。经肠外睾酮治疗后，阴茎长度、龟头直径和阴茎基部直径的平均增加分别为1.07±0.23 cm (P < 0.001)、1.01±0.46 cm (P < 0.001)和0.92±0.12 cm (P < 0.001)。所有三项测量结果均具有统计学意义。肌内睾酮增加了阴茎尺寸、龟头直径和阴茎直径，而没有引起任何明显的副作用。阴毛细，痤疮和攻击性的发展是轻微的副作用。
{"title":"Parenteral testosterone therapy’s effect on penile size before hypospadias surgery","authors":"Sugam Godse, Anuj Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, G. Choudhary, M. K. Chhabra","doi":"10.25259/ijms_128_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_128_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study was to see the effect of parenteral testosterone injection on penile length, glans diameter, and diameter at the base of the penis in hypospadias patients before surgery.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was conducted from September 2019 to March 2021. This study comprised a total of 20 hypospadias patients. At a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, an injection testosterone propionate was administered deep intramuscularly in three doses with a 3-week gap before reconstructive surgery. Before surgery, the penile length, glans diameter, and penile diameter at the base of the penis were all measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean increase in penile length, glans diameter, and diameter at the base of penis following parenteral testosterone therapy was 1.07 ± 0.23 cm (P < 0.001), 1.01 ± 0.46 cm (P < 0.001), and 0.92 ± 0.12 cm (P < 0.001), respectively. All three measurements were statistically significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Intramuscular testosterone increased penis size, glans diameter, and penile diameter without causing any notable side effects. Development of fine pubic hair, acne, and aggressiveness is minor adverse effects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86965706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic epidemiologic studies in populations of the world are scarce and this medical information is of special value for clinical geneticists. The purpose of this work was to know and to implicate the geographical environments with the genetic diseases found in patients attending a genetic consulter, according to the type of work, place of residence, or environment characteristic in the province of San Luis, Argentine. Clinical genetics consultations during 2014–January 2019 were analyzed for all patients derived to the primary consultation center, and nearby hospitals in San Luis. A total of 448 patients were registered and examined once a week at the Central Hospital of San Luis. The reasons of the derivate medical consultations were divided into major malformations (MMal), neurodevelopment diseases, and genetic counseling. In addition, possible environmental risk factors such as urban or rural origin, the working activity of parents in manufacturing houses or mines, and drug consumption during pregnancy were also considered. The prevalence of genetic diseases was calculated for all eight province departments and compared with the province’s apparent prevalence. In the whole sample (n = 448), the major proportion of patients came from the city. Patients with MMals were the most abundant and significantly higher than the other categories. The prevalence of MMals distributed approximately similarly in all departments of the province, with exception of two of them. No association was found between types of work or drug abuse with MMals in this sample. Of all types of genetic diseases, the most prevalent was the MMals. Regarding its prevalence, except for two departments, each department’s prevalence had a similar distribution. Most of the affected patients with this type of genetic condition were found in the city and not in other regions of supposed risk.
{"title":"Genetic epidemiology of rare diseases in San Luis Province, Argentine","authors":"Silvia Ratti, R. Barroso, E. O. Alvarez","doi":"10.25259/ijms_67_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_67_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Genetic epidemiologic studies in populations of the world are scarce and this medical information is of special value for clinical geneticists. The purpose of this work was to know and to implicate the geographical environments with the genetic diseases found in patients attending a genetic consulter, according to the type of work, place of residence, or environment characteristic in the province of San Luis, Argentine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Clinical genetics consultations during 2014–January 2019 were analyzed for all patients derived to the primary consultation center, and nearby hospitals in San Luis. A total of 448 patients were registered and examined once a week at the Central Hospital of San Luis. The reasons of the derivate medical consultations were divided into major malformations (MMal), neurodevelopment diseases, and genetic counseling. In addition, possible environmental risk factors such as urban or rural origin, the working activity of parents in manufacturing houses or mines, and drug consumption during pregnancy were also considered. The prevalence of genetic diseases was calculated for all eight province departments and compared with the province’s apparent prevalence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the whole sample (n = 448), the major proportion of patients came from the city. Patients with MMals were the most abundant and significantly higher than the other categories. The prevalence of MMals distributed approximately similarly in all departments of the province, with exception of two of them. No association was found between types of work or drug abuse with MMals in this sample.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of all types of genetic diseases, the most prevalent was the MMals. Regarding its prevalence, except for two departments, each department’s prevalence had a similar distribution. Most of the affected patients with this type of genetic condition were found in the city and not in other regions of supposed risk.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80519241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabaa Ihsan Awadth, Gorial Faiq I., Ragad D. Al-Laylaa, M. Ismail
The battle against SARS-COV-2 is rising and the hope in the safety and effectiveness of immunization against this virus is growing up, even though serious and severe adverse events are scarcely observed. In this article, we report a case of mRNA vaccine induced an autoimmune dermatomyositis with features of severity that are managed by immunosuppressants medications and still in regular follow-up. Inflammatory dermatomyositis can be triggered after vaccination with COVID vaccine in the same mechanism that COVID-19 infection-induced myositis.
{"title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccine triggering dermatomyositis: A case report","authors":"Nabaa Ihsan Awadth, Gorial Faiq I., Ragad D. Al-Laylaa, M. Ismail","doi":"10.25259/ijms_153_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_153_2022","url":null,"abstract":"The battle against SARS-COV-2 is rising and the hope in the safety and effectiveness of immunization against this virus is growing up, even though serious and severe adverse events are scarcely observed. In this article, we report a case of mRNA vaccine induced an autoimmune dermatomyositis with features of severity that are managed by immunosuppressants medications and still in regular follow-up. Inflammatory dermatomyositis can be triggered after vaccination with COVID vaccine in the same mechanism that COVID-19 infection-induced myositis.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is facing a diabetes epidemic and it urgently needs to address the health literacy needs of diabetes patients to reduce the catastrophic impact of the disease. Since a valid and reliable tool for assessing diabetes literacy assessment was lacking, this study was carried out to conduct a psychometric analysis of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Diabetes (SKILLD) Scale among Indian Type 2 diabetes patients. The study participants belonged mostly to the lower socioeconomic strata with low literacy. The results of the Kannada version of the SKILLD scale administered to 100 Type-2 diabetes patients visiting a tertiary care center in South India are presented here.
{"title":"Spoken knowledge in low literacy diabetes scale: Reliability and validity assessment on Indian Type 2 diabetes patients","authors":"P. Phukan","doi":"10.25259/ijms_436_2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_436_2020","url":null,"abstract":"India is facing a diabetes epidemic and it urgently needs to address the health literacy needs of diabetes patients to reduce the catastrophic impact of the disease. Since a valid and reliable tool for assessing diabetes literacy assessment was lacking, this study was carried out to conduct a psychometric analysis of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Diabetes (SKILLD) Scale among Indian Type 2 diabetes patients. The study participants belonged mostly to the lower socioeconomic strata with low literacy. The results of the Kannada version of the SKILLD scale administered to 100 Type-2 diabetes patients visiting a tertiary care center in South India are presented here.","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80680832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Garg, P. Agrawal, Nikhil Purussnani, A. Gautam, Mohita Agrawal, Avantika Singh, P. Gupta
Globally, the case fatality ratio is more in males versus females. Some studies have suggested estrogen hormone decreases susceptibility to SARS CoV-2. We have analyzed the observed sex differences in COVID-19 behavior in males and females and the clinical profiles of females of different age groups of COVID-19 patients and discussed their symptoms, laboratory evaluations, and associated comorbidities. The patients were tested for COVID-19 through real-time RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. The data obtained were studied for the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics from their medical records. The mortality rate in females was 12.33% (36/292) whereas mortality in males was 19.63% (84/428). In between group analysis, 8.7% (14/161) of females died in the <40 years age group versus 16.8% (22/131) in more than 40 years age group whereas in males, the mortality was 13.7% (21/153) in <40 years versus 22.9%(63/275). The mortality rate in women older than 40 years was greater than mortality in younger females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogen hormone in them. The proportion of patients who expired due to COVID-19 significantly differs by age cutoff of 40 years, X2 (1, n = 428). The difference is statistically significant at P < 0.05. Males more than 40 years are more likely to expire. Sex-related differences in coronavirus pandemic have been found pointing toward the protective role of estrogen hormone and other differences in immunological behavior in males and females. Downregulation of ACE2 expression, thereby reducing viral entry, might also be contributory to decreasing mortality in females.
在全球范围内，男性的病死率高于女性。一些研究表明，雌激素会降低对SARS CoV-2的易感性。我们分析了观察到的男性和女性COVID-19行为的性别差异以及不同年龄组女性COVID-19患者的临床资料，并讨论了其症状、实验室评估和相关合并症。采用实时RT-PCR(逆转录聚合酶链反应)法检测患者COVID-19。从他们的医疗记录中获得的数据进行流行病学、临床和实验室特征研究。女性死亡率为12.33%(36/292)，男性死亡率为19.63%(84/428)。在组间分析中，8.7%(14/161)的女性死亡在40岁以下年龄组，而16.8%(22/131)的男性死亡在40岁以下年龄组，分别为13.7%(21/153)和22.9%(63/275)。40岁以上妇女的死亡率高于年轻妇女的死亡率，强调了雌激素对她们的保护作用。因COVID-19死亡的患者比例在40岁、X2 (1, n = 428)之间存在显著差异。差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05。40岁以上的男性更有可能死亡。新冠病毒大流行中的性别差异表明，雌性激素的保护作用以及男性和女性免疫行为的其他差异。下调ACE2表达，从而减少病毒进入，也可能有助于降低女性死亡率。
{"title":"Differences in COVID-19 mortality in males and females: Is estrogen hormone attributing to sex differences?","authors":"R. Garg, P. Agrawal, Nikhil Purussnani, A. Gautam, Mohita Agrawal, Avantika Singh, P. Gupta","doi":"10.25259/ijms_361_2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_361_2020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Globally, the case fatality ratio is more in males versus females. Some studies have suggested estrogen hormone decreases susceptibility to SARS CoV-2. We have analyzed the observed sex differences in COVID-19 behavior in males and females and the clinical profiles of females of different age groups of COVID-19 patients and discussed their symptoms, laboratory evaluations, and associated comorbidities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The patients were tested for COVID-19 through real-time RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. The data obtained were studied for the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics from their medical records.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mortality rate in females was 12.33% (36/292) whereas mortality in males was 19.63% (84/428). In between group analysis, 8.7% (14/161) of females died in the <40 years age group versus 16.8% (22/131) in more than 40 years age group whereas in males, the mortality was 13.7% (21/153) in <40 years versus 22.9%(63/275). The mortality rate in women older than 40 years was greater than mortality in younger females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogen hormone in them. The proportion of patients who expired due to COVID-19 significantly differs by age cutoff of 40 years, X2 (1, n = 428). The difference is statistically significant at P < 0.05. Males more than 40 years are more likely to expire.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sex-related differences in coronavirus pandemic have been found pointing toward the protective role of estrogen hormone and other differences in immunological behavior in males and females. Downregulation of ACE2 expression, thereby reducing viral entry, might also be contributory to decreasing mortality in females.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77357889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankush Bala, J. K. Raina, Amrit Sudershan, S. Digra, M. Dhar, R. K. Panjaliya, Parvinder Kumar
There are many multifactorial causes for Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in which both genetic and non-genetic factors play role. MTHFD1 and CBS are two of the key enzymes that plays pivotal role in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine. Most of the studies revealed that genes involved in folate/homocysteine pathways are involved in the occurrence of CHDs. The present study was planned to investigate the role of common polymorphisms in MTHFD1 and CBS gene in children with CHD in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir UT. A total of 160 (80 CHD patients and 80 controls) children were enrolled for the present case-control study. After extraction of genomic DNA genotyping of SNP MTHFD1 G1958A(rs2236225) was done by PCR-RFLP and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism was done by PCR technique. Our results show that there is no significant association between MTHFD1G1958A and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism with CHD. In case of SNP MTHFD1 G1958A allele A found to be higher in both patient and control group and inCBS 844ins68 polymorphism frequency of risk allele ‘I’ found higher in cases (0.06) as compared to controls (0.04). The homozygous genotype for 844ins68 (II) was found absent in both the patients and control group. We conclude that both MTHFD1 G1958A and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism were not found to be genetic risk factor in the development of CHD in population of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir UT.
{"title":"Relationship of MTHFD1 G1958A and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism with congenital heart defects in North Indian population (Jammu and Kashmir): A case-control study","authors":"Ankush Bala, J. K. Raina, Amrit Sudershan, S. Digra, M. Dhar, R. K. Panjaliya, Parvinder Kumar","doi":"10.25259/ijms_414_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_414_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There are many multifactorial causes for Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in which both genetic and non-genetic factors play role. MTHFD1 and CBS are two of the key enzymes that plays pivotal role in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine. Most of the studies revealed that genes involved in folate/homocysteine pathways are involved in the occurrence of CHDs. The present study was planned to investigate the role of common polymorphisms in MTHFD1 and CBS gene in children with CHD in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir UT.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 160 (80 CHD patients and 80 controls) children were enrolled for the present case-control study. After extraction of genomic DNA genotyping of SNP MTHFD1 G1958A(rs2236225) was done by PCR-RFLP and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism was done by PCR technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results show that there is no significant association between MTHFD1G1958A and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism with CHD. In case of SNP MTHFD1 G1958A allele A found to be higher in both patient and control group and inCBS 844ins68 polymorphism frequency of risk allele ‘I’ found higher in cases (0.06) as compared to controls (0.04). The homozygous genotype for 844ins68 (II) was found absent in both the patients and control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We conclude that both MTHFD1 G1958A and CBS 844ins68 polymorphism were not found to be genetic risk factor in the development of CHD in population of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir UT.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"35 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77454691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. David, N. D. Varunashree, E. D. Ebenezer, P. Navaneethan, R. Tirkey, S. Rathore, G. Mahasampath, Thambu David, J. Mathews, R. Sahni
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common medical problem in both antenatal and postnatal women. Data from India on the demography of these women, microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative bacteria, need elucidation. We performed an observation study that collected data on UTI in antenatal and postnatal women between 2013 and 2017 at our tertiary care center in South India. Antenatally, urine dipstick-positive patients, high-risk, and symptomatic patients submitted urine cultures. Postnatally, all symptomatic patients had urine cultures. This was 20% of all antenatal and postnatal women resulting in 20,203 cultures. Of 20,203 cultures, significant bacteriuria was seen in 9.48% of antenatal and 13.28% of postnatal women. A higher mean age was seen among those with UTI, antenatal 27 (SD 3.5) and postnatal 26.4 (SD 4.7) years versus 23.9 (SD 3.6) with no growth in culture. The mean BMI among antenatal was 28.2 (SD 3.5) and postnatal was 28 (SD 7.4). Most (60%) were primigravida. At delivery, 37% required cesarean sections while 21.2% required instrumental delivery. Recurrent UTI was seen in 25% antenatally and 10% in the postnatal period. Escherichia coli accounted for 66 and 60% of infections among antenatal and postnatal women, respectively. Enterococcus species accounted for 13% in both while Klebsiella species was 4.9 and 7.3%, respectively. Among E. coli, 68.3 and 59.2% of isolates in antenatal and postnatal period were cefpodoxime susceptible. Nearly 75% of ante- and postnatal isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate while 90.2% and 92.5% were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Enterococci spp. up to 84.4 and 97.1% in ante- and postnatal isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 64.4 and 77.4% susceptible to high-level gentamicin, and 84 and 95.5% susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy was documented in 2.1% of antenatal outpatients and E. coli was isolated in 74% of these cultures. Importance of microbiological evidence prior to administration of antimicrobials is evidenced by 79% negative cultures in this 5-year cohort. Escherichia coli accounted for 60-66% of significant bacteriuria followed by Enterococcus and Klebsiella species with 30-40% E.coli probable ESBL producers. Nitrofurantoin followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate were found to be the best oral antimicrobial options.
{"title":"Profile of uropathogens in pregnancy over 5 years from a large tertiary center in South India","authors":"L. David, N. D. Varunashree, E. D. Ebenezer, P. Navaneethan, R. Tirkey, S. Rathore, G. Mahasampath, Thambu David, J. Mathews, R. Sahni","doi":"10.25259/ijms_525_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_525_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common medical problem in both antenatal and postnatal women. Data from India on the demography of these women, microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative bacteria, need elucidation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We performed an observation study that collected data on UTI in antenatal and postnatal women between 2013 and 2017 at our tertiary care center in South India. Antenatally, urine dipstick-positive patients, high-risk, and symptomatic patients submitted urine cultures. Postnatally, all symptomatic patients had urine cultures. This was 20% of all antenatal and postnatal women resulting in 20,203 cultures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of 20,203 cultures, significant bacteriuria was seen in 9.48% of antenatal and 13.28% of postnatal women. A higher mean age was seen among those with UTI, antenatal 27 (SD 3.5) and postnatal 26.4 (SD 4.7) years versus 23.9 (SD 3.6) with no growth in culture. The mean BMI among antenatal was 28.2 (SD 3.5) and postnatal was 28 (SD 7.4). Most (60%) were primigravida. At delivery, 37% required cesarean sections while 21.2% required instrumental delivery. Recurrent UTI was seen in 25% antenatally and 10% in the postnatal period. Escherichia coli accounted for 66 and 60% of infections among antenatal and postnatal women, respectively. Enterococcus species accounted for 13% in both while Klebsiella species was 4.9 and 7.3%, respectively. Among E. coli, 68.3 and 59.2% of isolates in antenatal and postnatal period were cefpodoxime susceptible. Nearly 75% of ante- and postnatal isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate while 90.2% and 92.5% were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Enterococci spp. up to 84.4 and 97.1% in ante- and postnatal isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 64.4 and 77.4% susceptible to high-level gentamicin, and 84 and 95.5% susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy was documented in 2.1% of antenatal outpatients and E. coli was isolated in 74% of these cultures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Importance of microbiological evidence prior to administration of antimicrobials is evidenced by 79% negative cultures in this 5-year cohort. Escherichia coli accounted for 60-66% of significant bacteriuria followed by Enterococcus and Klebsiella species with 30-40% E.coli probable ESBL producers. Nitrofurantoin followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate were found to be the best oral antimicrobial options.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84838040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. S. Aashik, Chaitra Rao, R. Madhumati, B. Dushyanth
The objectives of this study were to find the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and microvascualr complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted at Bangalore Medical College. One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. The study group included outpatients and inpatients with T2DM in Victoria Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital. The data were collected according to the pro forma in terms of history, clinical examination, and the necessary investigations (HbA1c and urine microalbumincreatinine ratio). To screen for OSA, STOP-BANG questionnaire was used. To assess microvascular complications, patients were subjected to fundoscopy, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system. Based on STOP-BANG score, patients were divided into three groups: Low risk (0–2), intermediate risk (3–4), and high risk (5–8) for OSA. Mean values for the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, urine microalbumincreatinine ratio, and Toronto neuropathy score were compared in each group using ANOVA variance analysis. To find the association between OSA and diabetic retinopathy, Kruskal–Wallis test was used. Based on STOP-BANG score, 16% of patients were in the low-risk group, 68% in the intermediate-risk group, and 16% in the high-risk group. There was a significant difference in Toronto neuropathy scores, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and diabetic retinopathy between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk OSA groups indicating higher neuropathy scores, higher values of UMCR, and more advanced diabetic retinopathy among the high-risk group as compared to other two groups. The association between STOP-BANG scores and UMCR, Toronto neuropathy score, and diabetic retinopathy was statistically significant with P values of 0.002, 0.029, and 0.03, respectively. All diabetic patients should be screened for OSA which is simple and inexpensive. Those who fall in intermediate-risk and high-risk categories showed more advanced microvascular complications. They should be subjected to polysomnography and treated for OSA for better glycemic control and to delay the progression of microvascular complications.
{"title":"To screen for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with microvascular complications","authors":"Y. S. Aashik, Chaitra Rao, R. Madhumati, B. Dushyanth","doi":"10.25259/ijms_318_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_318_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objectives of this study were to find the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and microvascualr complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study was conducted at Bangalore Medical College. One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. The study group included outpatients and inpatients with T2DM in Victoria Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital. The data were collected according to the pro forma in terms of history, clinical examination, and the necessary investigations (HbA1c and urine microalbumincreatinine ratio). To screen for OSA, STOP-BANG questionnaire was used. To assess microvascular complications, patients were subjected to fundoscopy, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system. Based on STOP-BANG score, patients were divided into three groups: Low risk (0–2), intermediate risk (3–4), and high risk (5–8) for OSA. Mean values for the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, urine microalbumincreatinine ratio, and Toronto neuropathy score were compared in each group using ANOVA variance analysis. To find the association between OSA and diabetic retinopathy, Kruskal–Wallis test was used.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on STOP-BANG score, 16% of patients were in the low-risk group, 68% in the intermediate-risk group, and 16% in the high-risk group. There was a significant difference in Toronto neuropathy scores, urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, and diabetic retinopathy between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk OSA groups indicating higher neuropathy scores, higher values of UMCR, and more advanced diabetic retinopathy among the high-risk group as compared to other two groups. The association between STOP-BANG scores and UMCR, Toronto neuropathy score, and diabetic retinopathy was statistically significant with P values of 0.002, 0.029, and 0.03, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All diabetic patients should be screened for OSA which is simple and inexpensive. Those who fall in intermediate-risk and high-risk categories showed more advanced microvascular complications. They should be subjected to polysomnography and treated for OSA for better glycemic control and to delay the progression of microvascular complications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13277,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84205832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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