Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

Inadequate management and control of hyperglycemia predisposes diabetic patients to a wide range of complications. Thus, this opens new windows for exploring and scrutinizing novel candidate biomarkers. This study was designed to scrutinize the relationship between HbA1c, osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, and expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 in individuals with T1DM and explore their correlations and diagnostic potential for T1DM. 120 unrelated participants were included (i.e., 90 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy controls) and were allocated into two groups. Participants with T1DM were allocated into three subgroups (i.e., below 1 year, 1-8 years, and over 8 years) based on diabetic duration. Participants with T1DM experienced noticeable HbA1c elevation. However, osteocalcin, phosphorus, and calcium profiles notably declined in participants with diabetes compared with those in healthy controls. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 decreased in participants with diabetes with a significant difference between participants with diabetes and healthy controls. Additionally, significant alterations in HbA1c, osteocalcin, phosphorus, and calcium profiles and expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 were observed with increasing diabetic duration (T1DM > 8 years compared with those with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year). This study suggests that miR-143 and miR-145 are prospective biomarkers of diabetes mellitus, which may help predict the progression of complications.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men throughout the world, and the main cause of cancer death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as crucial regulators in many human cancers. In this research, we measured the expression level of novel lncRNAs and their associated micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in PCa. In the present research, three lncRNAs were selected using the Mitranscriptome projec (CAT2064, CAT2042, and CAT2164.2). Samples of prostate tissue (20 PCa, and 20 BPH) and blood (14 PCa, and 14 BPH) were collected and the Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression levels of the lncRNAs and their associated miRNAs. Based on our results, CAT2064 was significantly increased and CAT2042 was significantly decreased in human PCa tissue in comparison with BPH tissue. To discriminate PCa from BPH, CAT2064 (P < 0.05; 0.8750 AUC-ROC) showed a better potential as a diagnostic molecular biomarker compared to CAT2042 (P < 0.05; 0.8454 AUC-ROC). Furthermore, RT-qPCR results measured in blood samples from PCa patients showed a higher expression level of CAT2064 (P < 0.0001; AUC-ROC value of 0.8914) in comparison to CAT2042. CAT2064 and CAT2042 showed a positive correlation with the expression of miR-5095 and miR-1273a (r = 0.02885, 0.3202; P = 0.9413, 0.2266, respectively). CAT2064 and CAT2042 also had a negative correlation with miR-1304-3p and miR-1285-5p (r = - 0.3877, - 0.09330; P = 0.15, 0.7311, respectively). Collectively, CAT2064 and CAT2042 and their miRNA targets may constitute a regulatory network in PCa, and could serve as novel biomarkers.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-021-00999-6.

Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is largely based on sputum smear microscopy, culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests; culture being the gold standard. All these diagnostic tests require sputum sample to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while many active TB patients often do not present with M. tuberculosis positive sputum. Biochemical markers play an important role in early diagnosis, disease prevention, and drug response in tuberculosis. This study aims to find the association of serum adenosine deaminase (a biomarker) with the various microbiological parameters like sputum smear microscopy, culture and CBNAAT in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A total of 40 cases were collected from November 2019 to October 2021, and the presumptive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid fast bacilli and/or CBNAAT were recruited. Serum adenosine deaminase levels were estimated.The following variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with serum adenosine deaminase levels: age, sputum smear microscopy findings, time to culture positivity, CBNAAT category and Ct value (Mean).This study does witness few significant correlations between serum adenosine deaminase levels and various microbiological parameters used in diagnosis of TB, which can be further explored and utilised in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

War trauma has been linked to changes in the neuroendocrine and immunological systems and increases the risk of physical disorders. Traumatic events during the war may have long-term repercussions on psychological and biological parameters in future generations, implying that traumatic stress may have transgenerational consequences. This article addresses how epigenetic mechanisms, which are a key biological mechanism for dynamic adaptation to environmental stressors, may help explain the long-term and transgenerational consequences of trauma. In war survivors, epigenetic changes in genes mediating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as the immune system, have been reported. These genetic modifications may cause long-term changes in the stress response as well as physical health risks. Also, the finding of biomarkers for diagnosing the possibility of psychiatric illnesses in people exposed to stressful conditions such as war necessitates extensive research. While epigenetic research has the potential to further our understanding of the effects of trauma, the findings must be interpreted with caution because epigenetic molecular mechanisms is only one piece of a complicated puzzle of interwoven biological and environmental components.

Angiogenesis is one of the most important steps during pregnancy for placental and fetal development. Based on the hypothesis that vascular insufficiency and altered angiogenesis may lead to early pregnancy loss, the present study was aimed to understand the role of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and Placental growth factor (PLGF) gene expression in placental angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Gene expression analysis of VEGFA and PLGF was carried out in the placental tissue collected from 30 women with recurrent pregnancy loss and compared with the placenta obtained from 16 women with medically terminated pregnancy. The mRNA expression of both VEGFA and PLGF genes were significantly downregulated in the placenta of recurrent pregnancy loss in comparison to the placenta of medically terminated pregnancies. In conclusion the results of the present study suggest that altered expression of VEGFA and PLGF genes in placenta disturb the angiogenesis and contribute to the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Despite immense importance of reference intervals (RIs) for clinical diagnosis, there have been no reliable RIs available for Nepalese. Hence, this nationwide study was organized to establish RIs for 30 common biochemical parameters. This study was conducted following the harmonized protocol provided by IFCC Committee on Reference Interval and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) with recruitment of 617 apparently healthy volunteers (18 - 65 years) by near-equal gender balance from 5 major cities. Fasting blood were collected, serum was separated and measured collectively using Beckman-Coulter/Olympus AU480 chemistry analyzer. The sources of variations of reference values (RVs) were evaluated by multiple regression analysis and nested ANOVA. Latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method was applied to reduce influence of latent diseases. RIs were standardized based on a value-assigned serum panel provided by C-RIDL. By ANOVA, no between-city differences were observed, while sex-related changes were typically noted for urate, creatinine, iron, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), immunoglobulin M, and transferrin, but not for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Age-related changes were observed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP). RIs were successfully derived all parametrically. The LAVE procedure was effective in lowering upper limits for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and CRP. Compared to other collaborating countries, Nepalese RIs were low for urea, cholesterols, ALT, and high for triglyceride, GGT, CRP, immunoglobulin G, and complements. The RIs for major chemistry analytes were derived and standardized for nationwide use in Nepal. This study distinctly elucidated sources of variation and international features of Nepalese RIs.

Supplementary information: The online version supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-023-01123-6.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common genetic features. Transcription factor 7-like-2 (TCF7L2) is consistently studied T2DM susceptibility locus. However, limited studies on TCF7L2 have failed to demonstrate any link with the PCOS risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of TCF7L2 polymorphic variant (rs12255372) with the PCOS risk. We recruited 120 PCOS cases, diagnosed as per Rotterdam 2003 criteria, and an equal number of age-matched controls. Besides a detailed clinical assessment, subjects underwent biochemical and hormonal profiling. Genotyping for rs12255372 was done by PCR-RFLP. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of genotype-phenotype correlations. The PCOS cases reported fewer menstrual cycles per year and exhibited signs of hyperandrogenism. The heterozygous genotype of rs12255372 was strongly associated with the PCOS risk (OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.07-3.76). Unlike controls, only 3 cases harbored TT genotype, and the PCOS risk persisted in the dominant model (GT + TT) as well. Moreover, we found a synergistic effect modification by the variant genotype in the subjects who had family histories of T2DM, hirsutism, or menstrual irregularities. We report a significant association of the TCF7L2 polymorphic variant rs12255372 with the PCOS risk.

Several studies are published, that investigated dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) gene TaqIA polymorphism as a risk factor for alcohol dependence (AD) with positive and negative associations. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis of case-control studies that examined the association between DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and alcohol dependence was performed. Eligible articles were identified through a search of databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer link, and Google Scholar. The association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD susceptibility was conducted using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as association measures. A total of 69 studies with 9125 cases and 9123 healthy controls were included in the current meta-analysis. Results of the present analysis showed significant association between DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD risk using five genetic modes (allele contrast model-OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.32, p < 0.0001; homozygote model-OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.18-1.55; p ≤ 0.0001; dominant model-OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.20-1.39; p < 0.0001; recessive model-OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08-1.36; p = 0.0006). There was no significant association found in subgroup analysis, TaqIA polymorphism was not significantly associated with AD risk in the Asian population under all genetic models, but in the Caucasian population, TaqIA polymorphism was significantly associated with AD risk. Overall, results support the hypothesis that DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism plays a role in alcohol dependence.

Adipsin is an anti-inflammatory adipokines and its altered level was seen in obesity and type II DM. Our study investigated the clinical significance of serum adipsin levels as a risk marker for type 2 diabetes and its relationships with insulin resistance and various adipo-cytokines. The study included 110 treatment-naïve T2DM cases and 100 controls of similar age and gender from northern India. Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric characteristics were all profiled. Serum adipo-cytokines were measured using ELISA methods. Adipsin was significantly inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleulin-6 (IL-6) and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) (P < 0.05). T2DM occurrence decreased with increasing concentration of adipsin with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% CI = 0.58-0.79), P < 0.001. The area under curve (95% CI) for adipsin was 0.70 (0.63 to 0.76) with P < 0.001. The best cutoff value for adipsin to predict T2DM was < 5.50 µg/ml with 47.27% sensitivity and 82.00% specificity. FPG and WC were both independent predictors of serum adipsin levels. Our findings showed that high adipsin levels reduced the likelihood of T2DM and emerged as a potential risk marker in the prediction of T2DM.

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Neuropsychiatric disorders are mainly concerned with the behavioural, emotional and cognition symptoms that may be due to disturbed cerebral functions or extracerebral disease. Klotho protein is an antiaging protein that is mostly associated with cognitive changes in these disorders and thus this meta-analysis is conducted in order to find Klotho proteins association with these disorders. We searched related topics in pubmed, by using the key word i.e. Klotho and related disorder from neuropsychiatry e.g. Klotho levels and schizophrenia, Klotho levels and parkinsonism etc. Total 82 studies were found till 9th February 2021 after extensive search and 10 studies were selected for further analysis. The meta-analysis of studies was performed using the Random effect model. The forest plot represented each study in the meta-analysis, so as to make the comparison of SMD value across studies. The meta-analysis outcome demonstrated that overall schizophrenia had higher klotho levels as compared with bipolar disorder, psychosocial stress, parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy controls, followed by MS. The meta-analysis also found that bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease were associated with low klotho levels as compared to schizophrenia. The results indicate a significant association of the klotho levels and schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential biological roles of klotho levels in psychiatric disorders.