Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1533
Oxidative stress is responsible for the advent of seizure hence, antioxidants are used for the treatment neurodegenerative ailments such as epilepsy. Profoundly, Butea monosperma possess several medicinal properties and the preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides in the leaves. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the bioactive potentials in the isolated crude flavonoid fraction (FF) from the leaves. FF was isolated by successive methanol extract method and was evaluated for antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo study, 25 healthy Wistar Albino rats were employed in five groups (Gp): Gp 1: control, Gp 2: standard group receiving phenytoin sodium and Gp 3-5: test groups receiving oral doses of FF i.e., 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. In vitrodata showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity (88.86±0.006%), reducing power activity (0.694±0.002%) and nitric oxide scavenging activity (87.98±0.013%). In vivo, a significant depression in the phases and percentage incidence of convulsions was observed in the maximal electroshock model in a dose-dependent manner. The pentylene tetrazole-induced seizure model also depicted a significant (p≤0.001) decrease in the latency of convulsions and an increase in the percentage protection against the convulsions in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest antioxidant and anticonvulsant potential of FF obtained from Butea monosperma leaves.
氧化应激是癫痫发作的原因，因此抗氧化剂被用于治疗神经退行性疾病，如癫痫。不仅如此，单精子茶还具有多种药用特性，初步的植物化学筛选发现其叶片中含有类固醇、生物碱、三萜、多酚、黄酮类化合物、单宁和苷类化合物。因此，本研究旨在评价从叶中分离的黄酮粗提取物(FF)的生物活性潜力。采用甲醇连续提取法分离FF，体外和体内评价FF的抗氧化和抗惊厥活性。体内实验选用健康Wistar Albino大鼠25只，分为5组(Gp): Gp 1为对照组，Gp 2为苯妥英钠标准组，Gp 3-5为试验组，分别口服FF 50、100和200 mg/kg。体外实验结果显示其抗氧化活性(88.86±0.006%)、还原力活性(0.694±0.002%)和一氧化氮清除活性(87.98±0.013%)呈浓度依赖性。在体内，在最大电休克模型中观察到惊厥的阶段和百分比发生率明显降低，并呈剂量依赖性。戊二烯四唑诱导的癫痫模型也以剂量依赖的方式描述了惊厥潜伏期的显著(p≤0.001)减少和对惊厥的保护百分比的增加。我们的研究结果表明，从单精子Butea叶中提取的FF具有抗氧化和抗惊厥的潜力。
{"title":"Evaluation of bioactive potentials in the crude flavonoid fraction from the leaves of Butea monosperma in vitro and in vivo in experimental models","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1533","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is responsible for the advent of seizure hence, antioxidants are used for the treatment neurodegenerative ailments such as epilepsy. Profoundly, Butea monosperma possess several medicinal properties and the preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides in the leaves. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the bioactive potentials in the isolated crude flavonoid fraction (FF) from the leaves. FF was isolated by successive methanol extract method and was evaluated for antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo study, 25 healthy Wistar Albino rats were employed in five groups (Gp): Gp 1: control, Gp 2: standard group receiving phenytoin sodium and Gp 3-5: test groups receiving oral doses of FF i.e., 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. In vitrodata showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity (88.86±0.006%), reducing power activity (0.694±0.002%) and nitric oxide scavenging activity (87.98±0.013%). In vivo, a significant depression in the phases and percentage incidence of convulsions was observed in the maximal electroshock model in a dose-dependent manner. The pentylene tetrazole-induced seizure model also depicted a significant (p≤0.001) decrease in the latency of convulsions and an increase in the percentage protection against the convulsions in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest antioxidant and anticonvulsant potential of FF obtained from Butea monosperma leaves.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3650
Basella alba fruit extract (BAFE) has been used in rural eastern India by the traditional practitioners to treat anemia during pregnancy. In the present study, hematopoietic and hepatoprotective activity of BAFE was established in animal model. Animal ethical permission was obtained before experiments. Male Swiss albino rats were divided into: gr.1- sham control, gr.2- disease control (anemia or hepatotoxicity), gr.3- standard drug treated, gr.4- BAFE treated (low dose) and gr.5- BAFE treated (high dose). Anemia was induced in animals through blood loss at regular intervals and hematological, cytokine, antioxidant parameters and RBC morphology were done. Hepatotoxicity was induced in animals by CCl4 (1 mL/kg/p.o.) and serum biochemistry, cytokine, antioxidant parameters and histology were done. There was a significant improvement of hematology (Hb, TC of RBC, TC of WBC, hematocrit, serum iron, TIBC), cytokine (IL 1β), antioxidant (SOD, catalase, LPO, GSH) and RBC morphology in BAFE treated animals when compared to group 2 animals. Significant improvement in biochemical (AST, ALT, γGT, ACP, ALP, total bilirubin), cytokine (IL 1β, IL 4, IL 12, IL 17, cathepsin K, TNF α), antioxidant (SOD, catalase, LPO, GSH) and liver histology were observed in BAFE treated animals when compared to group 2 animals. The present study confirmed the hematopoietic and hepatoprotective activity of BAFE in animal model and warrants further studies.
{"title":"Hematopoietic and Hepatoprotective Activity of Basella alba Fruit Extract in Experimental Animal Model","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3650","url":null,"abstract":"Basella alba fruit extract (BAFE) has been used in rural eastern India by the traditional practitioners to treat anemia during pregnancy. In the present study, hematopoietic and hepatoprotective activity of BAFE was established in animal model. Animal ethical permission was obtained before experiments. Male Swiss albino rats were divided into: gr.1- sham control, gr.2- disease control (anemia or hepatotoxicity), gr.3- standard drug treated, gr.4- BAFE treated (low dose) and gr.5- BAFE treated (high dose). Anemia was induced in animals through blood loss at regular intervals and hematological, cytokine, antioxidant parameters and RBC morphology were done. Hepatotoxicity was induced in animals by CCl4 (1 mL/kg/p.o.) and serum biochemistry, cytokine, antioxidant parameters and histology were done. There was a significant improvement of hematology (Hb, TC of RBC, TC of WBC, hematocrit, serum iron, TIBC), cytokine (IL 1β), antioxidant (SOD, catalase, LPO, GSH) and RBC morphology in BAFE treated animals when compared to group 2 animals. Significant improvement in biochemical (AST, ALT, γGT, ACP, ALP, total bilirubin), cytokine (IL 1β, IL 4, IL 12, IL 17, cathepsin K, TNF α), antioxidant (SOD, catalase, LPO, GSH) and liver histology were observed in BAFE treated animals when compared to group 2 animals. The present study confirmed the hematopoietic and hepatoprotective activity of BAFE in animal model and warrants further studies.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1908
Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the skin is critical to ensuring body homeostasis. After damage, a series of cellular and molecular events occurs in this structure in order to repair the injured tissue. Imbalances in one or more repair steps are commonly related to difficulties in proceeding with healing. In this sense, the search for treatments that improve the repair has encompassed research with several plants, given the possibility of effects on one or more stages, the reduction of costs and possible side effects. Ocimum basilicum, used globally from cooking to practices in folk medicine, has in its phytoconstitution substances with different actions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of intraperitoneal treatment with ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum (EEOB) on wound healing in mice. Incisional wounds were induced in mice, they were divided according to treatment period and group, n=6, and received EEOB intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 150 mg/kg daily or saline solution for 5 or 7 days. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanized and the lesions underwent histopathological processing and analysis. In animals treated with EEOB injection, there was a decrease in the number of leukocytes at 5 days and mast cells at 7 days post-injury compared to the control. The observed anti-inflammatory action can be associated with the presence of several phenolic compounds and their individual or synergistic effects on the evaluated process. Keywords: Healing; medicinal plants; inflammation.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. in the healing process of incisional wounds in mice","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1908","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the skin is critical to ensuring body homeostasis. After damage, a series of cellular and molecular events occurs in this structure in order to repair the injured tissue. Imbalances in one or more repair steps are commonly related to difficulties in proceeding with healing. In this sense, the search for treatments that improve the repair has encompassed research with several plants, given the possibility of effects on one or more stages, the reduction of costs and possible side effects. Ocimum basilicum, used globally from cooking to practices in folk medicine, has in its phytoconstitution substances with different actions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of intraperitoneal treatment with ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum (EEOB) on wound healing in mice. Incisional wounds were induced in mice, they were divided according to treatment period and group, n=6, and received EEOB intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 150 mg/kg daily or saline solution for 5 or 7 days. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanized and the lesions underwent histopathological processing and analysis. In animals treated with EEOB injection, there was a decrease in the number of leukocytes at 5 days and mast cells at 7 days post-injury compared to the control. The observed anti-inflammatory action can be associated with the presence of several phenolic compounds and their individual or synergistic effects on the evaluated process. Keywords: Healing; medicinal plants; inflammation.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1916
Protective effect of Diospyros Kaki leaves extract against oxidative damage and inflammation in the testicular ischemia-reperfusion model were investigated in the study. 32 male rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups. While saline (SF) was given to the control and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) groups for 5 days, Diospyros Kaki (DK) and I/R+DK were given 200 mg/kg of DK leaf extract. Afterwards, left orchiectomy was performed in control and DK, and testicular torsion was performed in I/R and I/R+DK for 2 hours. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after procedures and samples were collected. Compared to the control, I/R had high MDA levels, low GSH and GSH-Px levels; compared to the I/R, MDA levels of the I/R+DK were lower, and the GSH and GSH-Px levels were higher. In I/R, the presence of congestion and hemorrhage were determined and the deterioration in seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were less in the I/R+DK. TNF-α, COX-2, BCL-2, and BAX genes expressions significantly lower in the I/R+DK. TNF-α and COX-2 proteins were higher in I/R and I/R+DK, while NRF2 was higher in I/R+DK. These results show DK leaves extract has crucial protective effect against oxidative damage and inflammation in the I/R model of rats.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Diospyros Kaki Leaves Extract against Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Model in Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1916","url":null,"abstract":"Protective effect of Diospyros Kaki leaves extract against oxidative damage and inflammation in the testicular ischemia-reperfusion model were investigated in the study. 32 male rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups. While saline (SF) was given to the control and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) groups for 5 days, Diospyros Kaki (DK) and I/R+DK were given 200 mg/kg of DK leaf extract. Afterwards, left orchiectomy was performed in control and DK, and testicular torsion was performed in I/R and I/R+DK for 2 hours. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after procedures and samples were collected. Compared to the control, I/R had high MDA levels, low GSH and GSH-Px levels; compared to the I/R, MDA levels of the I/R+DK were lower, and the GSH and GSH-Px levels were higher. In I/R, the presence of congestion and hemorrhage were determined and the deterioration in seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were less in the I/R+DK. TNF-α, COX-2, BCL-2, and BAX genes expressions significantly lower in the I/R+DK. TNF-α and COX-2 proteins were higher in I/R and I/R+DK, while NRF2 was higher in I/R+DK. These results show DK leaves extract has crucial protective effect against oxidative damage and inflammation in the I/R model of rats.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1326
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most regularly utilized medicines in children. When administered at the recommended doses, it is a safe medication. However, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to toxic doses lead to centrilobular hepatic necrosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is utilized in the therapy, however it has potentially adverse effects. On the other hand, it is known that the seed of Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a herbal product, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether AE may be used as an alternative to standart NAC therapy without fear of adverse effects in the treatment of acute APAP-induced liver injury. Forty male Wistar rats were placed into five groups: Control, AE, APAP, APAP+AE, and APAP+AE+NAC groups. Antioxidants such as native thiol and total thiol can be raised in the APAP group by taking just AE (p=0.043 and p=0.028, respectively). Anti-inflammatory indicators such as IL-10 can be increased in this group, while markers such as ALT, which is a sign of hepatotoxicity, can be decreased (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Histologically, AE has been shown to improve worsened congestion (p=0.003), cytoplasmic vacuolization (p=0.01), sinusoidal dilatation (p=0.001), Kupffer cell proliferation (p<0.001), and inflammation (p<0.001). These results suggest that AE seed may be a potential therapeutic agent for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of AE seed contribute to this advantage.
{"title":"Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench seed extract alleviates acute acetaminophen induced liver damage in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1326","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most regularly utilized medicines in children. When administered at the recommended doses, it is a safe medication. However, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to toxic doses lead to centrilobular hepatic necrosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is utilized in the therapy, however it has potentially adverse effects. On the other hand, it is known that the seed of Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a herbal product, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. The aim of this study is to investigate whether AE may be used as an alternative to standart NAC therapy without fear of adverse effects in the treatment of acute APAP-induced liver injury. Forty male Wistar rats were placed into five groups: Control, AE, APAP, APAP+AE, and APAP+AE+NAC groups. Antioxidants such as native thiol and total thiol can be raised in the APAP group by taking just AE (p=0.043 and p=0.028, respectively). Anti-inflammatory indicators such as IL-10 can be increased in this group, while markers such as ALT, which is a sign of hepatotoxicity, can be decreased (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Histologically, AE has been shown to improve worsened congestion (p=0.003), cytoplasmic vacuolization (p=0.01), sinusoidal dilatation (p=0.001), Kupffer cell proliferation (p<0.001), and inflammation (p<0.001). These results suggest that AE seed may be a potential therapeutic agent for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of AE seed contribute to this advantage.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135410959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1574
Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) is an herb commonly in use as a medical supplement for its anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antifungal . In this study, phytochemical composition extract was analyzed and its apoptotic and antiproliferative effects were investigated in K562 cell line, a model cell line for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). K562 cells exposed to different concentrations of Urtica dioica extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) were tested for cell proliferation and appropriate methods and different phases of the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. Phenolic content of the plant was analyzed by LC–MS/MS. We showed that Urtica dioica ethanol extract has four phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid (major compound), malic acid and rutin. Urtica dioica significantly repressed proliferation of K562 cells compared to control mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and PARP cleavage ratio, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that the extract inhibited cell proliferation through an apoptosis-mediated process. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase increased in a concentration dependent manner. Our results explicitly demonstrate that ethanol extract of to decrease in cell viability and proliferation, initiate apoptosis and induces G0/G1 cell cycle accumulation in this cell line. This study is the first to show antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of Urtica dioica on leukemia cell line in vitro.
{"title":"Apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Urtica dioica L. extract on K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cell line","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1574","url":null,"abstract":"Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) is an herb commonly in use as a medical supplement for its anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antifungal . In this study, phytochemical composition extract was analyzed and its apoptotic and antiproliferative effects were investigated in K562 cell line, a model cell line for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). K562 cells exposed to different concentrations of Urtica dioica extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) were tested for cell proliferation and appropriate methods and different phases of the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. Phenolic content of the plant was analyzed by LC–MS/MS. We showed that Urtica dioica ethanol extract has four phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid (major compound), malic acid and rutin. Urtica dioica significantly repressed proliferation of K562 cells compared to control mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and PARP cleavage ratio, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that the extract inhibited cell proliferation through an apoptosis-mediated process. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase increased in a concentration dependent manner. Our results explicitly demonstrate that ethanol extract of to decrease in cell viability and proliferation, initiate apoptosis and induces G0/G1 cell cycle accumulation in this cell line. This study is the first to show antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of Urtica dioica on leukemia cell line in vitro.  ","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135410960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1922
The immune system is the main responsible candidate to induce pro-inflammatory conditions in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The roles played by humoral immunity-related factors in the pro-inflammatory conditions of the patients are yet to be clarified. It has been revealed that a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and microRNA-16-5p (miR-16-5p) play key roles in the induction of inflammation. Thus, this project was aimed to explore the expression levels of the molecules in the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms. In addition, miR-194 can inhibit immune responses against viral infection. Another aim of this study was to evaluate expression of the molecule in the patients to explore the effects of the molecule during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this project, 60 severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who were in the peak of the disease and 60 healthy controls were enrolled to evaluate APRIL, IP-10, miR16-5p, and miR-194 expression levels. IP-10 expressions were evaluated using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), while APRIL, miR-16-5p, and miR-194 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR technique. The results showed that APRIL, miR-16-5p, and miR-194 expression and serum levels of IP-10 significantly increased in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between miR-16-5p and miR-194 levels in the patients. Due to the fact that miR-16-5p significantly participates in the induction of inflammation, it, APRIL, and IP-10 may be the main parts of the excess inflammation in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms. Up-regulation of miR-194 may be natural negative feedback to the pro-inflammatory conditions and may be associated with establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
{"title":"Role of microRNA-16-5p, microRNA-194, IP-10 and APRIL in inducing inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.1922","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system is the main responsible candidate to induce pro-inflammatory conditions in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The roles played by humoral immunity-related factors in the pro-inflammatory conditions of the patients are yet to be clarified. It has been revealed that a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and microRNA-16-5p (miR-16-5p) play key roles in the induction of inflammation. Thus, this project was aimed to explore the expression levels of the molecules in the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms. In addition, miR-194 can inhibit immune responses against viral infection. Another aim of this study was to evaluate expression of the molecule in the patients to explore the effects of the molecule during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this project, 60 severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who were in the peak of the disease and 60 healthy controls were enrolled to evaluate APRIL, IP-10, miR16-5p, and miR-194 expression levels. IP-10 expressions were evaluated using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), while APRIL, miR-16-5p, and miR-194 were evaluated using Real-Time PCR technique. The results showed that APRIL, miR-16-5p, and miR-194 expression and serum levels of IP-10 significantly increased in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between miR-16-5p and miR-194 levels in the patients. Due to the fact that miR-16-5p significantly participates in the induction of inflammation, it, APRIL, and IP-10 may be the main parts of the excess inflammation in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms. Up-regulation of miR-194 may be natural negative feedback to the pro-inflammatory conditions and may be associated with establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3267
The curry leaf extract is known to have anticancer property against breast cancer. Identification of the specific compound therein the curry leaf and its validation is essential for successful discovery of drugs. In that content, here, we extracted oleoresin from the mature curry leaves was subjected to antioxidant fractionation using column chromatography. Fraction obtained using 60:40 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent system, showing the maximum inhibition of DPPH, was subfractionated and those with the highest antioxidant property was analyzed in LC-MS/MS. Spectrum of molecules identified, along with FDA approved drugs, were docked with target proteins for breast cancer. In vitro screening of candidate phytocompounds doxylamine, histidinol and pheniramine, in their commercially available form, through Trypan blue exclusion assay against murine cancer cell lines EAC and DLA had shown that they have no cytotoxicity. Pheniramine maleate salt (PMS), doxylamine succinate salt (DSS) and L-histidinol dihydrochloride (LHD) have shown dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with 280 μg/mL PMS at 72 h of incubation giving the maximum of 98.46%. Acute toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice (100 mg PMS/kg body wt.) have confirmed that the drug has no toxicity. Mouse mammary pad tumour model has shown that PMS significantly reduces the WBC count in the tumour induced mice. Liver function tests, histopathological analyses of liver, mammary pad and kidney tissues and expression analysis of oncogenes ER-α1, Bcl-2, c-Myc and Pin1 have confirmed the drug candidature of PMS.
{"title":"Antiproliferative potential of bioactive molecule from Murraya koenigii L. Spreng against breast cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies and gene expression analyses","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i11.3267","url":null,"abstract":"The curry leaf extract is known to have anticancer property against breast cancer. Identification of the specific compound therein the curry leaf and its validation is essential for successful discovery of drugs. In that content, here, we extracted oleoresin from the mature curry leaves was subjected to antioxidant fractionation using column chromatography. Fraction obtained using 60:40 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent system, showing the maximum inhibition of DPPH, was sub\u0002fractionated and those with the highest antioxidant property was analyzed in LC-MS/MS. Spectrum of molecules identified, along with FDA approved drugs, were docked with target proteins for breast cancer. In vitro screening of candidate phytocompounds doxylamine, histidinol and pheniramine, in their commercially available form, through Trypan blue exclusion assay against murine cancer cell lines EAC and DLA had shown that they have no cytotoxicity. Pheniramine maleate salt (PMS), doxylamine succinate salt (DSS) and L-histidinol dihydrochloride (LHD) have shown dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with 280 μg/mL PMS at 72 h of incubation giving the maximum of 98.46%. Acute toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice (100 mg PMS/kg body wt.) have confirmed that the drug has no toxicity. Mouse mammary pad tumour model has shown that PMS significantly reduces the WBC count in the tumour induced mice. Liver function tests, histopathological analyses of liver, mammary pad and kidney tissues and expression analysis of oncogenes ER-α1, Bcl-2, c-Myc and Pin1 have confirmed the drug candidature of PMS.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1686
Although textile industries lead the economic sector in several countries, the pollution that they cause, particularly to water bodies, is a serious environmental concern. Dyes and their metabolites are harmful to human and aquatic life due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential. In this study, we have made an effort to treat the complex Congo red (CR) dye-containing wastewater in an anaerobic-aerobic sequential bioreactor. The impact of CR dye concentration (20-100 mg/L) on the performance of sequential bioreactor was examined. The CR dye removal efficiencies (REs) of 97, 88.1, 75.9, 68.7, and 42.56% were obtained at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of CR dye, respectively. Similarly, the overall Chemical oxygen demand (COD) RE of 90% was also obtained. It was found that the CR dye and COD REs were high at low concentrations of CR dye. The obtained experimental data was fitted with growth and substrate inhibition models. A phytotoxic study indicated that the Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in treated wastewater showed better germination (93%) than untreated wastewater (66%).
{"title":"Intensified biodegradation of Congo red dye by mixed culture in a sequential bioreactor: Kinetics and phytotoxicity studies","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1686","url":null,"abstract":"Although textile industries lead the economic sector in several countries, the pollution that they cause, particularly to water bodies, is a serious environmental concern. Dyes and their metabolites are harmful to human and aquatic life due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential. In this study, we have made an effort to treat the complex Congo red (CR) dye-containing wastewater in an anaerobic-aerobic sequential bioreactor. The impact of CR dye concentration (20-100 mg/L) on the performance of sequential bioreactor was examined. The CR dye removal efficiencies (REs) of 97, 88.1, 75.9, 68.7, and 42.56% were obtained at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of CR dye, respectively. Similarly, the overall Chemical oxygen demand (COD) RE of 90% was also obtained. It was found that the CR dye and COD REs were high at low concentrations of CR dye. The obtained experimental data was fitted with growth and substrate inhibition models. A phytotoxic study indicated that the Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in treated wastewater showed better germination (93%) than untreated wastewater (66%).","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.830
Two different physiological effects of Mn[II] interactions with Aspergillus niger are known. Excess Mn[II] levels are toxic and restrict fungal radial growth on plates and second, an Mn[II] limited fungal growth is the key to successful citric acid fermentation. While studying Mn[II] toxicity we noted that the Mn[II]-supplemented minimal medium (MM) agar plates were translucent. Also, clearing zones around the fungal colonies owing to organic acid release were observed. Simultaneous scoring of these two parameters was exploited to screen for Mn[II] tolerant/ insensitive A. niger strains with improved acid production. Clear halos were best viewed on MM plates supplemented with ≥ 5.0 mM of Mn[II]. Accordingly, an acid unit (AU; the ratio of diameter of the clear zone to that of colony diameter) was defined. Colonies that produced larger zones of clearing (and higher AUs) were picked up and sub-cultured. A Mn[II] tolerant/ insensitive spontaneous mutant of A. niger was isolated by this screen and characterized. It produced significantly higher amounts of citric acid and the yield was not adversely affected by the added Mn[II]. While separate screens for metal tolerance and citric acid production were reported earlier, the method presented here is simple and directly combines the two features for strain selection/screening.
锰[II]与黑曲霉相互作用的两种不同的生理效应是已知的。过量的Mn[II]水平是有毒的，限制真菌在平板上的径向生长;其次，Mn[II]限制真菌的生长是柠檬酸发酵成功的关键。在研究Mn[II]毒性时，我们注意到Mn[II]补充的最小培养基(MM)琼脂板是半透明的。此外，由于有机酸释放，真菌菌落周围出现了清理区。利用这两个参数的同时评分来筛选Mn[II]耐受性/不敏感的黑曲霉菌株。在添加≥5.0 MM Mn[II]的MM板上观察到的光晕最清晰。因此，一个酸单位(AU;定义了透明区直径与菌落直径之比。产生更大的空地(和更高的AUs)的菌落被捡起并进行继代培养。通过该筛选分离到一株耐/不敏感的黑曲霉Mn[II]自发突变体，并对其进行了鉴定。它产生的柠檬酸量显著增加，并且添加的Mn[II]对产率没有不利影响。虽然之前报道过金属耐受性和柠檬酸产量的单独筛选，但本文提出的方法简单，直接结合了菌株选择/筛选的两个特征。
{"title":"A plate assay to screen manganese-tolerant Aspergillus niger strains","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.830","url":null,"abstract":"Two different physiological effects of Mn[II] interactions with Aspergillus niger are known. Excess Mn[II] levels are toxic and restrict fungal radial growth on plates and second, an Mn[II] limited fungal growth is the key to successful citric acid fermentation. While studying Mn[II] toxicity we noted that the Mn[II]-supplemented minimal medium (MM) agar plates were translucent. Also, clearing zones around the fungal colonies owing to organic acid release were observed. Simultaneous scoring of these two parameters was exploited to screen for Mn[II] tolerant/ insensitive A. niger strains with improved acid production. Clear halos were best viewed on MM plates supplemented with ≥ 5.0 mM of Mn[II]. Accordingly, an acid unit (AU; the ratio of diameter of the clear zone to that of colony diameter) was defined. Colonies that produced larger zones of clearing (and higher AUs) were picked up and sub-cultured. A Mn[II] tolerant/ insensitive spontaneous mutant of A. niger was isolated by this screen and characterized. It produced significantly higher amounts of citric acid and the yield was not adversely affected by the added Mn[II]. While separate screens for metal tolerance and citric acid production were reported earlier, the method presented here is simple and directly combines the two features for strain selection/screening.","PeriodicalId":13290,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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