Panyu Ren, Mohammad Torkamanzadeh, Stefanie Arnold, Emmanuel Pameté, Volker Presser
This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Life after death: Re‐purposing end‐of‐life supercapacitors for electrochemical water desalination","authors":"Panyu Ren, Mohammad Torkamanzadeh, Stefanie Arnold, Emmanuel Pameté, Volker Presser","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400506","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Li, Huijuan Zhang, Ying Liang, Rong Chen, Yuliang Cao
The increasing demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage devices has spurred enormous research efforts to develop high‐energy‐density advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium‐rich manganese oxide (LRMO) is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials because of its high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g⁻¹), low cost, and environmental friendliness, all of which are expected to propel the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries. However, practical applications of LRMO are still limited by low coulombic efficiency, significant capacity and voltage decay, slow reaction kinetics, and poor rate performance. This review focus on recent advancements in the modification methods of LRMO materials, systematically summarizing surface coating with different physical properties (e.g., oxides, metal phosphates, metal fluorides, carbon, conductive polymers, lithium compound coatings, etc.), ion doping with different doping sites (Li sites, TM sites, O sites, etc.), and single crystal structures. Finally, the current states and issues, key challenges of the modification of LRMO are discussed, and the perspectives on the future development trend base on the viewpoint of the commercialization of LRMO are also provided.
随着便携式电子产品、电动汽车和储能设备需求的不断增长，开发高能量密度先进锂离子电池（LIB）的研究工作也随之如火如荼。富锂氧化锰（LRMO）因其高比放电容量（250 mAh g-¹）、低成本和环保性而被认为是最有前途的正极材料之一，所有这些都有望推动锂离子电池的商业化。然而，LRMO 的实际应用仍然受到库仑效率低、容量和电压衰减明显、反应动力学缓慢以及速率性能差等因素的限制。本综述将重点介绍 LRMO 材料改性方法的最新进展，系统总结不同物理性质的表面涂层（如氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属氟化物、碳、导电聚合物、锂化合物涂层等）、不同掺杂位点（锂位点、TM 位点、O 位点等）的离子掺杂以及单晶结构。最后，讨论了锂金属氧化物改性的现状和问题、主要挑战，并从锂金属氧化物商业化的角度展望了未来的发展趋势。
{"title":"Modification of Lithium‐Rich Manganese Oxide Materials: Coating, Doping and Single Crystallization","authors":"Hui Li, Huijuan Zhang, Ying Liang, Rong Chen, Yuliang Cao","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400443","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage devices has spurred enormous research efforts to develop high‐energy‐density advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium‐rich manganese oxide (LRMO) is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials because of its high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g⁻¹), low cost, and environmental friendliness, all of which are expected to propel the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries. However, practical applications of LRMO are still limited by low coulombic efficiency, significant capacity and voltage decay, slow reaction kinetics, and poor rate performance. This review focus on recent advancements in the modification methods of LRMO materials, systematically summarizing surface coating with different physical properties (e.g., oxides, metal phosphates, metal fluorides, carbon, conductive polymers, lithium compound coatings, etc.), ion doping with different doping sites (Li sites, TM sites, O sites, etc.), and single crystal structures. Finally, the current states and issues, key challenges of the modification of LRMO are discussed, and the perspectives on the future development trend base on the viewpoint of the commercialization of LRMO are also provided.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.
目前的研究探索了碳异凝胶作为双极板导电填料的潜力。复合材料包括作为主要导电填料的石墨和作为粘合剂的聚丙烯。碳异凝胶作为次要导电填料被引入，其性能与商用炭黑进行了比较。这两种纳米碳在微观结构、质地和表面碳化学性质方面都有相似之处。通面电导率测量结果表明，用其中一种纳米填料取代一部分石墨后，电导率会增强。利用基于 X 射线衍射和相位对比的计算机断层扫描技术对板材进行的横截面分析表明，观察到的导电性差异源于生产过程中残留空气的减少和次要填料颗粒的分布。鉴于碳异凝胶与参考纳米填料之间的相似性，本研究提出了采用碳异凝胶作为导电双极板填料的创新概念。
{"title":"Carbon Xerogel as a Novel Minor Conductive Filler for Carbon‐Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates","authors":"Priyanka Sharma, Abdurrahman Bilican, Wolfgang Schmidt, Olof Gutowski, Ann-Christin Dippel, Kimberley Matschuk, Lukas Kopietz, Claudia Weidenthaler","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400316","url":null,"abstract":"The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadananda Muduli, Marcel Boecker, Leon Prädel, Christof Neumann, Qian Du, Michael Rudolf Buchmeiser
In this work, a new polymer has been explored as a cathode host for lithium‐sulfur (LSBs) batteries. Sulfurized polybutadiene materials were synthesized by a single‐step, scalable, and easily tailored heat treatment method. The optimized synthesis process allows for high sulfur loadings of up to 50%. Thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirm that the sulfur is covalently bound to the polymeric backbone, which overcomes the otherwise common capacity‐fading polysulfide shuttle effect of lithium‐sulfur (LSBs) batteries. The absence of free elemental sulfur in the synthesized active materials allows for a stable capacity of up to 1200 mAh g‐1 at a rate of C/20. The porous polymer networks reduce the pulverization of the cathode during cycling, resulting in long‐term cycling stability of 1500 continuous galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles. Capacity contribution studies depict that at a scan rate of 1 mV.s‐1, the sulfurized polybutadiene cathode‐based cells have 65% capacitive and 35% diffusive contribution of the total charge stored. A comprehensive study on Li‐ion storage with capacity contribution and diffusion studies of polysulfide shuttle‐free sulfurized polybutadiene cathode material for LSBs is presented.
本研究探索了一种新型聚合物作为锂硫电池（LSBs）的阴极寄主。硫化聚丁二烯材料是通过单步、可扩展且易于定制的热处理方法合成的。通过优化合成工艺，硫含量可高达 50%。热重分析-质谱（TGA-MS）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究证实，硫与聚合物骨架共价结合，从而克服了锂硫电池（LSBs）中常见的容量衰减多硫化物穿梭效应。由于合成的活性材料中不存在游离硫元素，因此能以 C/20 的速率稳定地产生高达 1200 mAh g-1 的容量。多孔聚合物网络减少了阴极在循环过程中的粉化，从而实现了 1500 次连续电静态充放电（GCD）循环的长期循环稳定性。容量贡献研究表明，在 1 mV.s-1 的扫描速率下，硫化聚丁二烯阴极电池存储的总电荷中，电容贡献占 65%，扩散贡献占 35%。本文介绍了对用于 LSB 的无硫化聚丁二烯阴极材料进行容量贡献和扩散研究的锂离子存储综合研究。
{"title":"Li‐ion Storage and Diffusivity in Sulfurized Polybutadiene Containing Covalently Bound Sulfur as a Polysulfide Shuttle‐free Cathode Material for Li‐S Batteries","authors":"Sadananda Muduli, Marcel Boecker, Leon Prädel, Christof Neumann, Qian Du, Michael Rudolf Buchmeiser","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400495","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new polymer has been explored as a cathode host for lithium‐sulfur (LSBs) batteries. Sulfurized polybutadiene materials were synthesized by a single‐step, scalable, and easily tailored heat treatment method. The optimized synthesis process allows for high sulfur loadings of up to 50%. Thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirm that the sulfur is covalently bound to the polymeric backbone, which overcomes the otherwise common capacity‐fading polysulfide shuttle effect of lithium‐sulfur (LSBs) batteries. The absence of free elemental sulfur in the synthesized active materials allows for a stable capacity of up to 1200 mAh g‐1 at a rate of C/20. The porous polymer networks reduce the pulverization of the cathode during cycling, resulting in long‐term cycling stability of 1500 continuous galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles. Capacity contribution studies depict that at a scan rate of 1 mV.s‐1, the sulfurized polybutadiene cathode‐based cells have 65% capacitive and 35% diffusive contribution of the total charge stored. A comprehensive study on Li‐ion storage with capacity contribution and diffusion studies of polysulfide shuttle‐free sulfurized polybutadiene cathode material for LSBs is presented.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Storage studies of lithium‐ion battery electrolyte within bags made of commercial pouch foils, commonly used as encasing material of battery cells, revealed the presence of contamination leaching from the pouch foil material into the electrolyte. By analyzing the stored electrolyte via GC‐MS the appearing compound was identified as 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (2,4‐DTBP). To investigate the influence of DTBP on the battery cell performance, full cells employing commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 based cathodes and graphite‐type anodes were assembled using 1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/ dimethyl carbonate mixture as the electrolyte with/out the intentional addition of either 2,4‐DTBP or its constitutional isomer 2,6‐DTBP. Furthermore, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), a literature known redox shuttle triggering impurity leaching from PET‐based fixing tape used in LIBs, was added to compare the effect of DMT to DTBPs. It was revealed that either DTBP contaminations have a significant impact on the self‐discharge behavior of the studied cells, which exceed the effect of present DMT. Moreover, all contaminants heavily increase transition metal dissolution‐migration‐deposition (TM DMD) processes and irreversible capacity loss. When vinylene carbonate, an SEI forming additive, is added to the electrolyte mixtures self‐discharge, as well as TM DMD are suppressed to a different degree depending on the type of contaminant added.
{"title":"Pouch Foil as a Source of Di‐tert‐butylphenol Contamination in LIB Pouch Cells Promoting Self‐discharge and Crosstalk","authors":"Anna Smith, Robert Löwe","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400368","url":null,"abstract":"Storage studies of lithium‐ion battery electrolyte within bags made of commercial pouch foils, commonly used as encasing material of battery cells, revealed the presence of contamination leaching from the pouch foil material into the electrolyte. By analyzing the stored electrolyte via GC‐MS the appearing compound was identified as 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (2,4‐DTBP). To investigate the influence of DTBP on the battery cell performance, full cells employing commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 based cathodes and graphite‐type anodes were assembled using 1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/ dimethyl carbonate mixture as the electrolyte with/out the intentional addition of either 2,4‐DTBP or its constitutional isomer 2,6‐DTBP. Furthermore, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), a literature known redox shuttle triggering impurity leaching from PET‐based fixing tape used in LIBs, was added to compare the effect of DMT to DTBPs. It was revealed that either DTBP contaminations have a significant impact on the self‐discharge behavior of the studied cells, which exceed the effect of present DMT. Moreover, all contaminants heavily increase transition metal dissolution‐migration‐deposition (TM DMD) processes and irreversible capacity loss. When vinylene carbonate, an SEI forming additive, is added to the electrolyte mixtures self‐discharge, as well as TM DMD are suppressed to a different degree depending on the type of contaminant added.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kedi Hu, William Fu, Alan C. West, Dan A. Steingart
In stationary storage, thick electrodes can minimize inactive material components to increase energy density and decrease cost, but they face challenges in performance and manufacturability. This work discusses a method to fabricate thick-format lithium-ion electrodes and a model to explore transport constraints for functional thick electrodes. Thick lithium iron phosphate (LFP) electrodes were fabricated using a solvent-free pressing process that adopts methods from alkaline electrode manufacturing for low-cost scale-up. LFP electrodes with thicknesses up to 1 mm and capacities up to ~15 mAh/cm2 exhibited good rate performance (~98% utilization at C/10, ~95% at C/5, ~76% at C/2). A physics-based LFP half-cell model was developed to aid in characterizing transport within these thick electrodes, revealing opportunities to further improve performance by decreasing tortuosity.
{"title":"Dry-Pressed Fabrication of Lithium-Ion Electrodes Over 500 µm Thick","authors":"Kedi Hu, William Fu, Alan C. West, Dan A. Steingart","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400301","url":null,"abstract":"In stationary storage, thick electrodes can minimize inactive material components to increase energy density and decrease cost, but they face challenges in performance and manufacturability. This work discusses a method to fabricate thick-format lithium-ion electrodes and a model to explore transport constraints for functional thick electrodes. Thick lithium iron phosphate (LFP) electrodes were fabricated using a solvent-free pressing process that adopts methods from alkaline electrode manufacturing for low-cost scale-up. LFP electrodes with thicknesses up to 1 mm and capacities up to ~15 mAh/cm2 exhibited good rate performance (~98% utilization at C/10, ~95% at C/5, ~76% at C/2). A physics-based LFP half-cell model was developed to aid in characterizing transport within these thick electrodes, revealing opportunities to further improve performance by decreasing tortuosity.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along with the continuous optimization of the energy structure, more and more electricity come from intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have the advantage that energy and power can be regulated independently, so they are widely used in large‐scale energy storage. Redox active materials are the important components of RFBs, which determine the performance of the battery and the cost of energy storage. Some metal coordination compounds (MCCs) and their derivatives have been considered redox active materials that can replace metal‐based redox flow batteries due to their properties such as tunability, high abundance and sustainability. MCCs can provide higher energy density because they are highly soluble both in the initial state and in any charged state during the battery cycling process. MCCs have also attracted a lot of attention from researchers because of their high economic value, low toxicity, and wide availability. This review provides an overview of the recent development of soluble metal coordination compounds, such as Ferrocene, and concludes with an in‐depth discussion of the prospects of metal coordination compounds for application in organic redox flow batteries.
{"title":"Metal Coordination Compounds for Organic Redox Flow Batteries","authors":"Jiayi Gao, Lixing Xia, Miaoning Ou, Zhan'ao Tan","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400434","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the continuous optimization of the energy structure, more and more electricity come from intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have the advantage that energy and power can be regulated independently, so they are widely used in large‐scale energy storage. Redox active materials are the important components of RFBs, which determine the performance of the battery and the cost of energy storage. Some metal coordination compounds (MCCs) and their derivatives have been considered redox active materials that can replace metal‐based redox flow batteries due to their properties such as tunability, high abundance and sustainability. MCCs can provide higher energy density because they are highly soluble both in the initial state and in any charged state during the battery cycling process. MCCs have also attracted a lot of attention from researchers because of their high economic value, low toxicity, and wide availability. This review provides an overview of the recent development of soluble metal coordination compounds, such as Ferrocene, and concludes with an in‐depth discussion of the prospects of metal coordination compounds for application in organic redox flow batteries.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Will J Dawson, Andrew RT Morrison, Francesco Iacoviello, Adam M Boyce, Gargi Giri, Juntao Li, Thomas S Miller, Paul Shearing
Mud cracking occurs during the drying process of Li‐ion electrodes and is known to be particularly prevalent in thick electrodes. Whilst these cracks are generally viewed as an obstruction to the production of thicker, more energy dense electrodes, cracks are similar in structure to directional pores which have been proposed as a means of improving ion transport. However, existing literature has not comprehensively analysed the influence of cracking on the performance of electrodes. Here we analyse the 3D structure of thick cracked electrodes for the first time, using X‐ray computed tomography, and correlate this structure with electrode rate performance. We show that mud cracking represents a low cost method of modifying electrode rate capability, which is compatible with existing manufacturing methods.
锂离子电极在干燥过程中会产生泥裂，众所周知，这种现象在厚电极中尤为普遍。虽然这些裂纹通常被视为生产更厚、能量密度更高的电极的障碍，但裂纹在结构上与定向孔隙相似，而定向孔隙被认为是改善离子传输的一种手段。然而，现有文献并未全面分析裂纹对电极性能的影响。在这里，我们首次使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描技术分析了厚裂纹电极的三维结构，并将这种结构与电极的速率性能联系起来。我们的研究表明，泥浆裂纹是一种低成本的电极速率能力修正方法，与现有的制造方法兼容。
{"title":"The Effect of Mud Cracking on the Performance of Thick Li‐ion Electrodes","authors":"Will J Dawson, Andrew RT Morrison, Francesco Iacoviello, Adam M Boyce, Gargi Giri, Juntao Li, Thomas S Miller, Paul Shearing","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400260","url":null,"abstract":"Mud cracking occurs during the drying process of Li‐ion electrodes and is known to be particularly prevalent in thick electrodes. Whilst these cracks are generally viewed as an obstruction to the production of thicker, more energy dense electrodes, cracks are similar in structure to directional pores which have been proposed as a means of improving ion transport. However, existing literature has not comprehensively analysed the influence of cracking on the performance of electrodes. Here we analyse the 3D structure of thick cracked electrodes for the first time, using X‐ray computed tomography, and correlate this structure with electrode rate performance. We show that mud cracking represents a low cost method of modifying electrode rate capability, which is compatible with existing manufacturing methods.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic electrode materials (OEMs) hold significant development potential in the field of batteries and are regarded as excellent complementary materials to resource‐limited inorganic electrode materials, which have recently been the subject of extensive research. As research deepens, an increasing number of scholars recognize the influence of weak bond interactions on the properties of OEMs. Generally, weak bond interactions have more pronounced effects on organic materials compared to inorganic ones. Among these weak interactions, hydrogen bonds are particularly noteworthy, having been proven to play crucial roles in adjusting electrode charge distribution, stabilizing crystal structures, and inhibiting cyclic dissolution. The study of hydrogen bonds in OEMs is therefore of paramount importance for guiding their future development. This paper primarily reviews the research progress in hydrogen bond science within OEMs and discusses future research directions and development prospects in this area. Hoping to provide valuable references for the advancement of OEMs.
{"title":"A review on the role of hydrogen bonds in organic electrode materials","authors":"Yonghui Wang, Yuxuan Zhao, Xinlei Xu, Weizhe Gao, Qichun Zhang, Weiwei Huang","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400440","url":null,"abstract":"Organic electrode materials (OEMs) hold significant development potential in the field of batteries and are regarded as excellent complementary materials to resource‐limited inorganic electrode materials, which have recently been the subject of extensive research. As research deepens, an increasing number of scholars recognize the influence of weak bond interactions on the properties of OEMs. Generally, weak bond interactions have more pronounced effects on organic materials compared to inorganic ones. Among these weak interactions, hydrogen bonds are particularly noteworthy, having been proven to play crucial roles in adjusting electrode charge distribution, stabilizing crystal structures, and inhibiting cyclic dissolution. The study of hydrogen bonds in OEMs is therefore of paramount importance for guiding their future development. This paper primarily reviews the research progress in hydrogen bond science within OEMs and discusses future research directions and development prospects in this area. Hoping to provide valuable references for the advancement of OEMs.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bolong Huang, Cheuk Hei Chan, Hon Ho Wong, Shipeng Liang, Mingzi Sun, Tong Wu, Qiuyang Lu, Lu Lu, Baian Chen
The developments of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have become promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. Compared to conventional lithium batteries, ASSLBs possess higher safety, energy density, and stability, which are determined by the nature of the solid electrolyte materials. In particular, various types of solid electrolyte materials have been developed to achieve similar or even superior ionic conductivity to the organic liquid electrolyte at room temperature. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the mechanistic understanding of solid electrolyte materials, the unsatisfactory electrochemical and mechanical performances limit the commercialization and practical application of ASSLBs. To further improve their performances, the current developments of different advanced solid electrolytes and their performances are highly significant. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive performance of the common solid electrolytes and their fabrication strategies, including inorganic-based solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes. The performances of the ASSLBs constructed by different solid electrolytes have been systematically compared. The practical challenges of ASSLBs will also be summarized in this review. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current developments of solid electrolytes in ASSLBs and discuss the strategies for advanced solid electrolytes to facilitate the future commercialization of ASSLBs.
{"title":"Electrolyte Developments for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Classifications, Recent Advances and Synthesis Methods","authors":"Bolong Huang, Cheuk Hei Chan, Hon Ho Wong, Shipeng Liang, Mingzi Sun, Tong Wu, Qiuyang Lu, Lu Lu, Baian Chen","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400432","url":null,"abstract":"The developments of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have become promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. Compared to conventional lithium batteries, ASSLBs possess higher safety, energy density, and stability, which are determined by the nature of the solid electrolyte materials. In particular, various types of solid electrolyte materials have been developed to achieve similar or even superior ionic conductivity to the organic liquid electrolyte at room temperature. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the mechanistic understanding of solid electrolyte materials, the unsatisfactory electrochemical and mechanical performances limit the commercialization and practical application of ASSLBs. To further improve their performances, the current developments of different advanced solid electrolytes and their performances are highly significant. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive performance of the common solid electrolytes and their fabrication strategies, including inorganic-based solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes. The performances of the ASSLBs constructed by different solid electrolytes have been systematically compared. The practical challenges of ASSLBs will also be summarized in this review. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current developments of solid electrolytes in ASSLBs and discuss the strategies for advanced solid electrolytes to facilitate the future commercialization of ASSLBs.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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