Laurin Rademacher, Joachim Häcker, J. Alberto Blázquez, Maryam Nojabaee, K. Andreas Friedrich
For rechargeable magnesium batteries, chlorine‐containing electrolytes are used because chlorine species reduce the energy barrier for the intercalation process at the cathode. However, these species can cause corrosion of the cathodeside current collectors during polarization. In this study, carbon‐coated aluminum and Nickel metal substrates, as well as a graphite foil, were investigated using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Chronoamperometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to evaluate their potential as current collectors in APC electrolyte. The graphite‐based current collector withstood corrosive environments at polarization potentials up to 2 V, displaying passivating behavior comparable to platinum in Chronoamperometry measurements. During Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements, the graphite foil exhibited exceptionally high polarization resistance of at least 4.5 MΩ cm2. Combined with its low areal density of 5 mg cm‐2, this makes it an excellent current collector material for rechargeable magnesium batteries with chlorine‐containing electrolytes. In contrast, Al foil are instable towards corrosion ‐ despite protective coatings
{"title":"Corrosion Study of Current Collectors for Magnesium Batteries","authors":"Laurin Rademacher, Joachim Häcker, J. Alberto Blázquez, Maryam Nojabaee, K. Andreas Friedrich","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400392","url":null,"abstract":"For rechargeable magnesium batteries, chlorine‐containing electrolytes are used because chlorine species reduce the energy barrier for the intercalation process at the cathode. However, these species can cause corrosion of the cathodeside current collectors during polarization. In this study, carbon‐coated aluminum and Nickel metal substrates, as well as a graphite foil, were investigated using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Chronoamperometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to evaluate their potential as current collectors in APC electrolyte. The graphite‐based current collector withstood corrosive environments at polarization potentials up to 2 V, displaying passivating behavior comparable to platinum in Chronoamperometry measurements. During Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements, the graphite foil exhibited exceptionally high polarization resistance of at least 4.5 MΩ cm2. Combined with its low areal density of 5 mg cm‐2, this makes it an excellent current collector material for rechargeable magnesium batteries with chlorine‐containing electrolytes. In contrast, Al foil are instable towards corrosion ‐ despite protective coatings","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), with the merits of abundant resources and low cost, have rapidly garnered attention as a potential candidate for large‐scale energy storage. Among the various contenders, Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) are considered the most suitable cathode materials owing to their relatively easy and economical synthesis as well as the open 3D framework which facilitates fast potassium ions intercalation without causing drastic volume expansion. Despite these advantages, integrating PBA as a cathode material for PIBs presents substantial challenges, which hinder their further practical applications. Herein, a fundamental review on the development and advance of PBAs in PIBs is presented with the elucidation of their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and optimization strategies. Particularly, key areas of focus include regulating crystal structures, doping transition metals, engineering interfaces, and employing innovative techniques such as high‐entropy approaches are highlighted. Finally, critical perspectives for future development of PBAs toward practical potassium‐based energy storage devices are proposed.
{"title":"Optimizing Prussian Blue Analogues for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Advanced Strategies","authors":"Zihao Hu, Bo Zhang, Hehe Zhang, Yanjiao Ma","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400448","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), with the merits of abundant resources and low cost, have rapidly garnered attention as a potential candidate for large‐scale energy storage. Among the various contenders, Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) are considered the most suitable cathode materials owing to their relatively easy and economical synthesis as well as the open 3D framework which facilitates fast potassium ions intercalation without causing drastic volume expansion. Despite these advantages, integrating PBA as a cathode material for PIBs presents substantial challenges, which hinder their further practical applications. Herein, a fundamental review on the development and advance of PBAs in PIBs is presented with the elucidation of their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and optimization strategies. Particularly, key areas of focus include regulating crystal structures, doping transition metals, engineering interfaces, and employing innovative techniques such as high‐entropy approaches are highlighted. Finally, critical perspectives for future development of PBAs toward practical potassium‐based energy storage devices are proposed.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emerging concept of weakly solvating electrolytes in multivalent ion aqueous batteries has garnered attention due to their enhanced kinetic performance at a low cost. This article aims to dissect the concept of "weakly solvating electrolyte" into three revelations, i.e., ion solvation, hydrogen bonding strength, and ionic interactions. It is revealed that a weakly interacting solvent must satisfy the requirements of having a solvation strength weaker than ionic interaction than water molecules, as well as disrupting rather than strengthening hydrogen bonding within them. Moreover, electrolyte chemistry requires balancing multiple factors, and the same weakly interacting solvent exhibits varying effects with the variation of the anions of zinc salts. This study offers quantitative descriptors to the concept of weak solvation, particularly for aqueous electrolytes, and provides insights for future electrolyte advancements for multivalent ion batteries.
{"title":"A Trio of Revelations: Weakly Solvating Modulation in Aqueous Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Batteries","authors":"Zhenrui Wu, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400483","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging concept of weakly solvating electrolytes in multivalent ion aqueous batteries has garnered attention due to their enhanced kinetic performance at a low cost. This article aims to dissect the concept of \"weakly solvating electrolyte\" into three revelations, i.e., ion solvation, hydrogen bonding strength, and ionic interactions. It is revealed that a weakly interacting solvent must satisfy the requirements of having a solvation strength weaker than ionic interaction than water molecules, as well as disrupting rather than strengthening hydrogen bonding within them. Moreover, electrolyte chemistry requires balancing multiple factors, and the same weakly interacting solvent exhibits varying effects with the variation of the anions of zinc salts. This study offers quantitative descriptors to the concept of weak solvation, particularly for aqueous electrolytes, and provides insights for future electrolyte advancements for multivalent ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"391 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rusbel Coneo-Rodríguez, Alvaro Yamil Tesio, Fernando Pablo Cometto, Gustavo Marcelo Morales, Gabriel Ángel Planes, Alvaro Caballero
Three‐dimensional carbon xerogels were synthesised via a facile approach that included the use of ZnO nanostructures both as a templating agent and as a catalyst for resorcinol–formaldehyde resin polymerisation simultaneously. Graphene oxide (GO) served as a stabilising agent during the drying and pyrolysis processes, avoiding the collapse of structure and improving the area surface. The method enabled the asobtained materials to possess optimised 3D porous structures for energy‐storage devices, such as wires or spaghetti‐like structures. Also, a high BET surface area was obtained (1661 m2•g−1) without using an additional activating agent. This great surface area improved the specific capacitance compared to materials without GO (358.1 F•g−1 vs 170.4 F•g−1). The carbon‐containing devices derived from resorcinolformaldehyde resin, GO, and Zn oxide showed better performance than the devices without GO. In particular, the sample that contained 2.5% of GO in the synthesis showed a specific capacitance of 166.6 F•g−1 at 0.5 A•g−1 and remained at ∼120 F•g−1 at 5 A•g−1. Also, it showed interesting energy density values at 0.5 A•g−1 (14.8 Wh•kg−1) and a power density of 200.7 W•kg−1. This reveals that the synthesis process made it possible to obtain composite materials with large surface areas without using a supercritical drying process.
通过一种简便的方法合成了三维碳异凝胶，其中包括同时使用氧化锌纳米结构作为间苯二酚-甲醛树脂聚合的模板剂和催化剂。在干燥和热解过程中，氧化石墨烯（GO）可作为稳定剂，避免结构坍塌并改善面积表面。这种方法使获得的材料具有优化的三维多孔结构，可用于储能装置，如导线或意大利面条状结构。此外，在不使用额外活化剂的情况下，还获得了很高的 BET 表面积（1661 m2-g-1）。与不含 GO 的材料（358.1 F-g-1 对 170.4 F-g-1）相比，如此大的表面积提高了比电容。由间苯二酚甲醛树脂、GO 和氧化锌制成的含碳器件比不含 GO 的器件性能更好。特别是合成过程中含有 2.5% GO 的样品，在 0.5 A-g-1 时的比电容为 166.6 F-g-1，在 5 A-g-1 时保持在 120 F-g-1 左右。此外，在 0.5 A-g-1 时，它还显示出有趣的能量密度值（14.8 Wh-kg-1）和 200.7 W-kg-1 的功率密度。这表明，该合成工艺可以在不使用超临界干燥工艺的情况下获得大表面积的复合材料。
{"title":"Synergetic Combination of Carbon Xerogels, Graphene Oxide and nano‐ZnO for Aqueous and Organic Supercapacitors","authors":"Rusbel Coneo-Rodríguez, Alvaro Yamil Tesio, Fernando Pablo Cometto, Gustavo Marcelo Morales, Gabriel Ángel Planes, Alvaro Caballero","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400502","url":null,"abstract":"Three‐dimensional carbon xerogels were synthesised via a facile approach that included the use of ZnO nanostructures both as a templating agent and as a catalyst for resorcinol–formaldehyde resin polymerisation simultaneously. Graphene oxide (GO) served as a stabilising agent during the drying and pyrolysis processes, avoiding the collapse of structure and improving the area surface. The method enabled the asobtained materials to possess optimised 3D porous structures for energy‐storage devices, such as wires or spaghetti‐like structures. Also, a high BET surface area was obtained (1661 m2•g−1) without using an additional activating agent. This great surface area improved the specific capacitance compared to materials without GO (358.1 F•g−1 vs 170.4 F•g−1). The carbon‐containing devices derived from resorcinolformaldehyde resin, GO, and Zn oxide showed better performance than the devices without GO. In particular, the sample that contained 2.5% of GO in the synthesis showed a specific capacitance of 166.6 F•g−1 at 0.5 A•g−1 and remained at ∼120 F•g−1 at 5 A•g−1. Also, it showed interesting energy density values at 0.5 A•g−1 (14.8 Wh•kg−1) and a power density of 200.7 W•kg−1. This reveals that the synthesis process made it possible to obtain composite materials with large surface areas without using a supercritical drying process.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Killian Stokes-Rodriguez, Kaushik Jayasayee, Sidsel M. Hanetho, Jannicke Kvello, Peter P. Molesworth, Øystein Dahl, Nils Peter Wagner
A persistent obstacle towards the realisation of high voltage cathodes is electrolyte instability where oxidation and transition metal dissolution manifest in rapid capacity failure with both issues connected to the presence of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte. here, alternative electrolyte co‐solvents are investigated and compared, where the cyclic carbonate is replaced with sulfones ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) and tetra methylene sulfone (TMS) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The best full cell performance was observed for cells cycled in a FEC/EMC (3/7) and FEC/EMC (1/1) electrolytes which exhibited 84‐85 % capacity retention after 500 cycles. TMS/EMC (3/7), was determined to be the best performing sulfone electrolyte and maintained 71% capacity after 500 cycles. Post‐mortem XPS analysis indicated different film forming mechanisms for the respective co‐solvent. A thicker cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the LNMO was observed for the FEC containing electrolytes (relative to when TMS was used as the co‐solvent) indicating more effective passivation of the reactive cathode surface which correlated well with the enhanced cycling stability observed. For LTO, more evidence of transition metal migration and a thicker solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer was observed for the sulfone electrolyte suggesting more parasitic anode‐electrolyte interactions and an inability to mitigate Mn2+/Ni2+ crosstalk.
{"title":"Comparative Study of High Voltage Spinel ║ Lithium Titanate Lithium‐ion Batteries in Ethylene Carbonate Free Electrolytes","authors":"Killian Stokes-Rodriguez, Kaushik Jayasayee, Sidsel M. Hanetho, Jannicke Kvello, Peter P. Molesworth, Øystein Dahl, Nils Peter Wagner","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400457","url":null,"abstract":"A persistent obstacle towards the realisation of high voltage cathodes is electrolyte instability where oxidation and transition metal dissolution manifest in rapid capacity failure with both issues connected to the presence of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte. here, alternative electrolyte co‐solvents are investigated and compared, where the cyclic carbonate is replaced with sulfones ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) and tetra methylene sulfone (TMS) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The best full cell performance was observed for cells cycled in a FEC/EMC (3/7) and FEC/EMC (1/1) electrolytes which exhibited 84‐85 % capacity retention after 500 cycles. TMS/EMC (3/7), was determined to be the best performing sulfone electrolyte and maintained 71% capacity after 500 cycles. Post‐mortem XPS analysis indicated different film forming mechanisms for the respective co‐solvent. A thicker cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the LNMO was observed for the FEC containing electrolytes (relative to when TMS was used as the co‐solvent) indicating more effective passivation of the reactive cathode surface which correlated well with the enhanced cycling stability observed. For LTO, more evidence of transition metal migration and a thicker solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer was observed for the sulfone electrolyte suggesting more parasitic anode‐electrolyte interactions and an inability to mitigate Mn2+/Ni2+ crosstalk.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingbo Ren, Yueying Li, Zhidong Hou, Jian-Gan Wang
Transition metal phosphides have emerged as a class of promising anode materials of sodium-ion batteries owing to their excellent sodium storage capacity. However, the limited electronic conductivity and significant volume expansion have impeded their further advancement. In this work, we propose a rational design of cube-like CoP @C composites with unique core-shell structure via in situ phosphating and subsequent carbon coating processes. The uniform carbon coating serves as a physical buffering layer that effectively mitigates volume changes during charge/discharge processes, and prevents particle agglomeration and fragmentation, thereby enhancing the structural stability of electrode. Moreover, the nitrogen-rich carbon layer not only provides additional active sites for sodium ion adsorption but also improves the electrode conductivity and accelerates charge transport dynamics. Consequently, the as-synthesized CoP@C exhibits a remarkable capacity retention rate of 94.8% after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and achieves a high reversible capacity of 146.7 mAh g-1 even under a high current density of 4.0 A g-1.
过渡金属磷化物因其出色的钠储存能力，已成为一类前景广阔的钠离子电池阳极材料。然而，有限的电子导电性和显著的体积膨胀阻碍了它们的进一步发展。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种通过原位磷化和后续碳涂层工艺合理设计具有独特核壳结构的立方体 CoP @C 复合材料的方法。均匀的碳涂层可作为物理缓冲层，有效缓解充放电过程中的体积变化，防止颗粒团聚和破碎，从而提高电极的结构稳定性。此外，富氮碳层不仅为钠离子吸附提供了额外的活性位点，还提高了电极的导电性并加速了电荷传输动力学。因此，在 0.1 A g-1 的条件下循环 100 次后，合成的 CoP@C 显示出 94.8% 的显著容量保持率，即使在 4.0 A g-1 的高电流密度下也能达到 146.7 mAh g-1 的高可逆容量。
{"title":"Core-Shell Structured CoP@C Cubes as a Superior Anode for High-Rate and Stable Sodium Storage","authors":"Lingbo Ren, Yueying Li, Zhidong Hou, Jian-Gan Wang","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400471","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal phosphides have emerged as a class of promising anode materials of sodium-ion batteries owing to their excellent sodium storage capacity. However, the limited electronic conductivity and significant volume expansion have impeded their further advancement. In this work, we propose a rational design of cube-like CoP @C composites with unique core-shell structure via in situ phosphating and subsequent carbon coating processes. The uniform carbon coating serves as a physical buffering layer that effectively mitigates volume changes during charge/discharge processes, and prevents particle agglomeration and fragmentation, thereby enhancing the structural stability of electrode. Moreover, the nitrogen-rich carbon layer not only provides additional active sites for sodium ion adsorption but also improves the electrode conductivity and accelerates charge transport dynamics. Consequently, the as-synthesized CoP@C exhibits a remarkable capacity retention rate of 94.8% after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and achieves a high reversible capacity of 146.7 mAh g-1 even under a high current density of 4.0 A g-1.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multielectron transfer in halogen batteries is a promising solution in pursuing high‐energy‐density and affordable energy storage systems. Interest in rich chemistries derived from unique valence electron structures of halogens is surging in electrode material design. However, deploying multielectron transfer chemistry comes with challenges, including limited redox reactivity and degrees of electrochemical irreversibility, which contribute to poor charging and cycling. To address these challenges, researchers begin exploring physical/chemical strategies to activate high valence reactions and more electron transfer numbers and fix unstable valence state species through electrolyte and electrode regulation. This Concept presents the basic understanding of multielectron transfer electrochemistry concerning theoretical energy capabilities and electronic configuration evolutions. We divide multielectron transfer into two types: single and multi‐redox centers, providing an overview of the current development of multielectron transfer and hoping it will spur more intensive efforts towards a diverse energy future.
{"title":"Multielectron Transfer in Hhalogen Batteries","authors":"Chunyi Zhi, Pei Li, Yiqiao Wang","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400327","url":null,"abstract":"Multielectron transfer in halogen batteries is a promising solution in pursuing high‐energy‐density and affordable energy storage systems. Interest in rich chemistries derived from unique valence electron structures of halogens is surging in electrode material design. However, deploying multielectron transfer chemistry comes with challenges, including limited redox reactivity and degrees of electrochemical irreversibility, which contribute to poor charging and cycling. To address these challenges, researchers begin exploring physical/chemical strategies to activate high valence reactions and more electron transfer numbers and fix unstable valence state species through electrolyte and electrode regulation. This Concept presents the basic understanding of multielectron transfer electrochemistry concerning theoretical energy capabilities and electronic configuration evolutions. We divide multielectron transfer into two types: single and multi‐redox centers, providing an overview of the current development of multielectron transfer and hoping it will spur more intensive efforts towards a diverse energy future.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panyu Ren, Mohammad Torkamanzadeh, Stefanie Arnold, Emmanuel Pameté, Volker Presser
This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Life after death: Re‐purposing end‐of‐life supercapacitors for electrochemical water desalination","authors":"Panyu Ren, Mohammad Torkamanzadeh, Stefanie Arnold, Emmanuel Pameté, Volker Presser","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400506","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g‐1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Li, Huijuan Zhang, Ying Liang, Rong Chen, Yuliang Cao
The increasing demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage devices has spurred enormous research efforts to develop high‐energy‐density advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium‐rich manganese oxide (LRMO) is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials because of its high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g⁻¹), low cost, and environmental friendliness, all of which are expected to propel the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries. However, practical applications of LRMO are still limited by low coulombic efficiency, significant capacity and voltage decay, slow reaction kinetics, and poor rate performance. This review focus on recent advancements in the modification methods of LRMO materials, systematically summarizing surface coating with different physical properties (e.g., oxides, metal phosphates, metal fluorides, carbon, conductive polymers, lithium compound coatings, etc.), ion doping with different doping sites (Li sites, TM sites, O sites, etc.), and single crystal structures. Finally, the current states and issues, key challenges of the modification of LRMO are discussed, and the perspectives on the future development trend base on the viewpoint of the commercialization of LRMO are also provided.
随着便携式电子产品、电动汽车和储能设备需求的不断增长，开发高能量密度先进锂离子电池（LIB）的研究工作也随之如火如荼。富锂氧化锰（LRMO）因其高比放电容量（250 mAh g-¹）、低成本和环保性而被认为是最有前途的正极材料之一，所有这些都有望推动锂离子电池的商业化。然而，LRMO 的实际应用仍然受到库仑效率低、容量和电压衰减明显、反应动力学缓慢以及速率性能差等因素的限制。本综述将重点介绍 LRMO 材料改性方法的最新进展，系统总结不同物理性质的表面涂层（如氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属氟化物、碳、导电聚合物、锂化合物涂层等）、不同掺杂位点（锂位点、TM 位点、O 位点等）的离子掺杂以及单晶结构。最后，讨论了锂金属氧化物改性的现状和问题、主要挑战，并从锂金属氧化物商业化的角度展望了未来的发展趋势。
{"title":"Modification of Lithium‐Rich Manganese Oxide Materials: Coating, Doping and Single Crystallization","authors":"Hui Li, Huijuan Zhang, Ying Liang, Rong Chen, Yuliang Cao","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400443","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage devices has spurred enormous research efforts to develop high‐energy‐density advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium‐rich manganese oxide (LRMO) is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials because of its high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g⁻¹), low cost, and environmental friendliness, all of which are expected to propel the commercialization of lithium‐ion batteries. However, practical applications of LRMO are still limited by low coulombic efficiency, significant capacity and voltage decay, slow reaction kinetics, and poor rate performance. This review focus on recent advancements in the modification methods of LRMO materials, systematically summarizing surface coating with different physical properties (e.g., oxides, metal phosphates, metal fluorides, carbon, conductive polymers, lithium compound coatings, etc.), ion doping with different doping sites (Li sites, TM sites, O sites, etc.), and single crystal structures. Finally, the current states and issues, key challenges of the modification of LRMO are discussed, and the perspectives on the future development trend base on the viewpoint of the commercialization of LRMO are also provided.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.
目前的研究探索了碳异凝胶作为双极板导电填料的潜力。复合材料包括作为主要导电填料的石墨和作为粘合剂的聚丙烯。碳异凝胶作为次要导电填料被引入，其性能与商用炭黑进行了比较。这两种纳米碳在微观结构、质地和表面碳化学性质方面都有相似之处。通面电导率测量结果表明，用其中一种纳米填料取代一部分石墨后，电导率会增强。利用基于 X 射线衍射和相位对比的计算机断层扫描技术对板材进行的横截面分析表明，观察到的导电性差异源于生产过程中残留空气的减少和次要填料颗粒的分布。鉴于碳异凝胶与参考纳米填料之间的相似性，本研究提出了采用碳异凝胶作为导电双极板填料的创新概念。
{"title":"Carbon Xerogel as a Novel Minor Conductive Filler for Carbon‐Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates","authors":"Priyanka Sharma, Abdurrahman Bilican, Wolfgang Schmidt, Olof Gutowski, Ann-Christin Dippel, Kimberley Matschuk, Lukas Kopietz, Claudia Weidenthaler","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400316","url":null,"abstract":"The current research explores the potential of carbon xerogel as a conductive filler in bipolar plates. The composites comprise graphite as the primary conductive filler and polypropylene as the binder. Carbon xerogel is introduced as a minor conductive filler, and its performance is compared with commercial carbon black. Both nanocarbons exhibit resemblances in microstructure, texture, and surface carbon chemistry. Through‐plane conductivity measurements reveal enhanced electrical conductivity upon replacing a fraction of graphite with either nanofiller. Cross‐sectional analyses of the plates employing computed tomography based on X‐ray diffraction and phase contrasts indicate that the observed electrical conductivity difference stems from reduced trapped air during production and the distribution of the minor filler particles. Given the similarities between carbon xerogel and the reference nanofiller, this study introduces the innovative concept of employing carbon xerogel as a filler for conductive bipolar plates.","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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