Batteries & Supercaps最新文献

Manganese-based Prussian blue analog (MnPBA) shows great potential as a high energy density and low-cost cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its electrochemical activity, high redox potential, low-cost raw materials, and facile synthesis. However, its practical application is severely challenged by the high water content (>10 wt%) in the framework and the Jahn–Teller effect from high-spin Mn³⁺, leading to poor reversibility and rapid capacity decay during cycling. Herein, Cu-substituted MnPBA samples (CuMnPBAs) are successfully synthesized under high-concentration chelation conditions, which reduced the water content and alleviated the Jahn–Teller effect from Mn³⁺. Accordingly, the optimal 25% Cu-substituted MnPBA (CuMnPBA-25) exhibits a significantly reduced water content of 7.6% and excellent cyclability, maintaining 81.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C after 700 cycles. Furthermore, the CuMnPBA-25/hard carbon (HC) pouch cell exhibits superb capacity retention of 80.9% after 280 cycles. This research provides new insights into the development of highly stable PBAs for practical applications in SIBs.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn significant attention in the electric vehicle industry, and activated carbon-based anodes are widely recognized as a cost-effective alternative to conventional anode materials. However, the application of these anode materials is significantly limited by the formation of an unstable solid–electrolyte interface (SEI). This study introduces nutmeg shell waste-derived activated carbon (ACNM) as a viable anode material for LIBs with a particular focus on the role of SEI in determining their electrochemical behavior and battery performance. The hierarchical pore structure in ACNM is achieved through systematic optimization of synthesis parameters, ensuring a balance between surface area and the stability of the SEI. The combination of micropores and mesopores in ACNM effectively minimizes extensive SEI formation and associated capacity loss. The potential of ACNM for LIB anode applications is validated by fabricating anode half cells that exhibit a maximum specific capacity of 610 mAh g⁻¹. The half cells also show good cycling performance with significant rate capability. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy, the local electrochemical activity and formation of the SEI layer are investigated. This study highlights the suitability of ACNM for anode applications in LIBs and the importance of SEI engineering for next-generation LIBs.

Garnet-type Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted considerable attention for solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) due to their high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and excellent stability towards lithium. However, poor interfacial contact hinders charge transport and increases impedance. Herein, introducing only 1.0 wt% BiBr₃ into molten lithium at 280 °C in situ forms a mixed ion–electronic conductor (MIEC) of Li₃Bi and LiBr, significantly enhancing wettability. Thanks to its uniqueness, the modified symmetric cell achieves a remarkably low interfacial resistance (15.7 Ω cm²) compared to pristine lithium (1280.3 Ω cm²). Furthermore, lithiophilic Li₃Bi with high ionic conductivity improves the interfacial adhesion and regulates the Li nucleation. Meanwhile, the lithiophobic LiBr, with high interfacial energy against Li, enables effective suppression of the growth of Li dendrites by promoting the lateral growth of deposited Li metal. Therefore, it achieves a high critical current density (1.4 mA cm⁻²) and stable cycling over 1100 h, at 0.1 mA cm⁻² at room temperature. When paired with a LiFePO₄ cathode, the cell retains 91.6% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at 0.5 C, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. These findings suggest that the incorporation of 1.0 wt% BiBr₃ effectively constructs a superlithiophilic interface on garnet electrolyte, offering a simple and effective strategy for high-performance SSLMBs.

There has been growing interest in aqueous batteries, which are considered safer and more cost-effective compared to Li-ion batteries. Among them, aqueous Sn-ion batteries have emerged as promising alternatives because of their high specific capacity and wide voltage window. Despite these numerous advantages, in aqueous-based electrolytes, significant variations in metal growth behavior with temperature lead to severe performance degradation, necessitating a fundamental investigation into the underlying mechanisms to develop high-performance aqueous batteries capable of operating across a wide temperature range. Therefore, this study for the first time examines the temperature-dependent Sn metal plating and stripping behavior in aqueous Sn-ion batteries. The results indicate that, at low temperatures, uneven pits are formed during stripping, leading to a rough and nonuniform surface. These pits serve as nucleation sites for deposition during plating, further exacerbating surface irregularities. In contrast, at high temperatures, stripping occurs uniformly along the grain boundaries and grain surfaces, resulting in a smooth and homogeneous surface. Similarly, plating under high-temperature conditions leads to uniform Sn deposition. In contrast, the corrosion tests reveal that pits form on the electrode surface under high-temperature conditions, leading to deterioration. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of high-performance aqueous Sn-ion batteries.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with sulfide electrolytes are promising for next-generation battery systems owing to their superior safety and favorable electrochemical properties. However, interfacial instability between the oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte induces undesirable side reactions, degrading cell performance. This study develops a sulfurized LiNbO₃ coating to stabilize this interface. While conventional LiNbO₃ coatings reduce interfacial side reactions, their limited compatibility with sulfide electrolytes, due to Li-ion chemical potential differences, hinders ion transport. The sulfurized LiNbO₃ coating improves compatibility, acting as a buffer that reduces the Li-ion potential gradient and enhances interfacial conductivity. The coating effectively suppresses side reactions, lowering cathode degradation and interfacial resistance. A simple and cost-effective sulfur treatment process is used, where sulfur sublimation at 300 °C forms a sulfurized outer layer on the coating. Electrochemical evaluations of the coating reveal significant capacity, rate capability, and cyclic performance improvements over conventional LiNbO₃ coatings. These findings underscore sulfur treatment as an effective method for stabilizing interfaces and enabling smooth Li-ion transport, highlighting the advantages of the sulfurized LiNbO₃ coating method. Overall, sulfurized LiNbO₃ coatings offer scalable solutions to interfacial challenges in sulfide-based ASSBs, thereby promoting improved performance and commercialization of solid-state battery systems.

In this study, conductive, fluorine and antimony codoped tin oxide nanoparticles (FATO-NPs) are highlighted as a possible alternative for conductive carbon additives in fluoride ion batteries, successfully circumventing oxidative side reactions. Since good cyclability with high and stable discharge capacities is achieved with both types of conductive additive at a high stack pressure of 180 MPa, it is concluded that conductive carbon is well-suited for high-voltage fluoride ion batteries, contrary to prior assumptions. However, FATO-NP-based cathodes outperform those based on conductive carbon at lower stack pressures of 50 MPa, emphasizing the importance of avoiding carbon fluorination at low stack pressures.

Li–CO₂/O₂ batteries hold tremendous promises for energy storage and conversion systems, attributed to their high theoretical energy density and economic viability. Nevertheless, their widespread application is hindered by high overpotential and compromised cycling stability. Herein, ruthenium (Ru)-doped copper-based metal organic frameworks (HKUST) octahedral particles (Ru@HKUST) are synthesized as the cathode catalyst for Li–CO₂/O₂ batteries. The Ru@HKUST matrix rich in free channels provides unimpeded gas permeation and substantial adsorption spaces for CO₂/O₂. A synergistic interaction between HKUST and Ru significantly enhances the kinetic conversion of Li₂CO₃ upon cycles, thereby markedly boosting the capacity and extending the cycle life of Li–CO₂/O₂ batteries. A high discharge capacity of 19 437 mAh g⁻¹ is achieved at 2 V cutoff voltage in the Li–CO₂/O₂ cell with Ru@HKUST under a constant current density of 200 mA g⁻¹. The cells exhibit a superior catalytic efficiency with reduced charge plateaus of 4.1 V for over 100 cycles at a fixed capacity of 1000 mAh g⁻¹, demonstrating excellent electrochemical properties and paving the way for advanced battery technology.

In the pursuit of durable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, considerable research has been devoted to extending cycle life by developing advanced cathode materials. However, there exists a common overcharging problem which leads to the disfunction of Li–S batteries but has been largely overlooked. This study systematically investigates the overcharging failure and its underlying mechanisms. Experimental results reveal that failure comes from a soft internal short circuit (ISCs) caused by excessive lithium dendrite growth, primarily driven by the sulfur cathode rather than the lithium anode. Electrochemical processes during overcharging are examined, revealing the generation of a specific by-product. By analyzing the structural properties of the sulfur cathode such as topography and pore connectivity, and through combined experiments and theoretical simulations, the complex mechanisms through which the cathode influences lithium dendrite growth are elucidated. Finally, an effective "interlayer" strategy is proposed to mitigate the overcharging failure. This work sheds light on the overcharging mechanisms and emphasizes the critical importance of cathode design in improving the safety and reliability of Li–S batteries.

Aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion capacitors (AZICs) have addressed considerable attention due to their high energy density, low toxicity, and rich abundance of Zn metal. However, the development of ultra-long cycle life and high energy density AZICs is often hindered by the lack of adequately optimized active carbon (AC) electrodes and compatible electrolytes. Herein, high-performance, free-standing AC electrodes for AZICs are derived from sustainable precursors—adenine and D-ribose—using magnesium chloride hexahydrate as an activation agent via a eutectic template strategy. Furthermore, an aqueous hybrid electrolyte tailored to the designed AC electrodes is developed, significantly enhancing the stability and cycle life of AZICs. The resulting AZIC achieves a high specific capacity of 164.39 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and a magnificently long cell life of over 50 000 cycles with nearly 94.5% capacitance retention at 10 000^th cycles, and 76.3% at 50 000^th cycle. The pouch cell assembly also demonstrates comparable specific capacitance and energy density to the coin cell, underscoring the potential of large-scale applications of AZICs.

This study examines the thermal, transport, and electrochemical properties of Rochelle salt (SPTa, KNaC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O) aqueous solutions for energy storage applications. SPTa exhibits eutectic melting (−38 °C), crystallization, density variations (e.g., 0.25 g cm⁻³ at 25 °C for 2.0 mol dm⁻³), and high ionic conductivity (70 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C for 1.0 mol dm⁻³), which increases with temperature and concentration. Ionic transport follows the Arrhenius and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann models, indicating low activation energies for ion mobility, especially below 8 °C. The Walden plot analysis suggests that most ions remain dissociated in the solution, while the thermodynamic parameters from the activated state of viscosity indicate strong chelation and molecular structuring effects. Cyclic voltammetry of symmetric supercapacitors with activated carbon electrodes in 1.0 mol dm⁻³ SPTa confirms double-layer capacitive behavior with a 2.5 V electrochemical window. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests reveal an energy density of 35 Wh kg⁻¹, excellent cycling stability (10 000 cycles), and high coulombic efficiency (>97%). Electrolyte evaporation and electrode degradation require further optimization for long-term stability. These findings highlight SPTa as a cost-effective and sustainable candidate for electrochemical energy storage.