Batteries & Supercaps最新文献

Zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are gaining widespread attention in energy storage research owing to their high porosity, structure tailorability, and multiple reaction sites. However, their very low inherent electrical conductivity limits their pristine usage in supercapacitors. Therefore, a promising way is to integrate ZIFs with suitable conductive materials, which can help to provide additional conductive pathways, thereby promoting fast charge transfer. In this work, a strategy is proposed to improve the conductivity of ZIF-8 by incorporating it with PANI-PPy conducting copolymer-derived carbon (CoP@C). The prepared ZIF-8/CoP@C composite possesses nitrogen units (pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, and pyrrolic-N) that enhance its electronic conductivity and provide additional pseudo-capacitance. In a three-electrode setup with 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte, the ZIF-8/CoP@C composite electrode demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 247.9 F g⁻¹, which is much higher than the pristine ZIF-8 electrode (72.1 F g⁻¹) at 1 A g⁻¹. Furthermore, the ZIF-8/CoP@C electrodes were employed to construct an aqueous symmetrical supercapacitor that delivers a high energy density of 25.7 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 402.1 W kg⁻¹, along with prolonged cyclic stability of 92.9% after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. This study introduces a benchmark for employing conducting copolymers to elevate the electrochemical performance of different ZIFs/MOFs in supercapacitors.

Aiming to quantify degradation currents from solid electrolyte interphase formation ($$) and gain of active lithium due to cathode lithiation ($$), resulting from electrolyte decomposition, the float current behavior of lithium-ion batteries is investigated with different cathode materials. The float current, $$, represents the recharge current required to maintain the cell at a fixed potential during calendar aging. This current arises as lithium is irreversibly consumed at the anode or inserted into the cathode, shifting the electrode potentials. To account for the asymmetric response of the electrodes, a voltage-dependent scaling factor, $$, is introduced, derived from the slopes of the electrode-specific voltage curves. Using this factor in combination with measured float currents and capacity loss rates from check-up tests, $$ and $$ is quantified at 30 °C across various float voltages. Although the $$ and capacity data are limited to 30 °C, the model is extended to a range of 5–50 °C using only float current measurements. The results show that using capacity loss rates alone underestimate $$ and that $$, contributes significantly to the observed float current at elevated voltages, indicating that cathode lithiation plays an increasingly important role in high-voltage calendar aging.

Solid-state sodium batteries (SSSBs) offer high energy density with improved safety, making them an appealing candidate for long-range mobility applications. Considering the advances in SSSBs, ionic conduction is no longer a critical barrier. However, the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface remains a hurdle, limiting cycling stability and cathode utilization. The compatibility between the electrode/electrolyte is often established by a small amount of liquid/polymer electrolyte. The solid–liquid interphase (SOLI) instead of the solid–solid interface plays a crucial role in deciding the performance of SSSBs. SOLI is a key component of the existing SSSBs, facilitating ion transport while mitigating interfacial resistance. The intricate, but essential, characteristics of SOLI, namely the composition, distribution, and ionic properties of the interfaces, are highlighted. This review highlights the key design strategies for optimizing the SOLI, including electrolyte engineering, interphase material selection, and the use of multiphase interphases to balance cell performance. Moreover, advanced characterization techniques are discussed, along with recent breakthroughs in SOLI research. This review aims to provide insights into overcoming the challenges of SOLI to enhance the electrochemical performance and long-term stability of SSSBs. A thorough understanding of SOLI engineering will pave the way for practical, safe, and long-lasting high-performance SSSBs.

Carbon-based materials, due to their natural abundance, high conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and good stability, have emerged as a material choice in the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for catalytic degradation of organic compounds. Recent progress is summarized from the perspective of materials design and engineering. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms underlying EAOPs are introduced, with a focus on the activation of hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, and peroxydisulfate to generate reactive species essential for organic contaminants degradation in wastewater. Additionally, various materials engineering strategies and their associated structure-property relationships are examined, including the optimization of morphology, surface functional group modification, and elemental doping. The reviewed materials are categorized based on their suitability for specific applications, such as electro-Fenton, heterogeneous electro-Fenton, and nonelectro-Fenton processes. Furthermore, strategies for enhancing the overall performance of EAOP systems are discussed, including the design of bipolar electrodes and the integration of external fields, such as microwaves, to accelerate EAOP reactions through the modulation of electrode potentials. Finally, the perspective outlines the opportunities, challenges, and future directions of carbon-based materials in the catalytic field of EAOPs. In addition, the perspective examines the potential and hurdles of carbon-based electrodes in sustainable redox flow batteries, outlining pathways toward efficient, sustainable water treatment.

The demand for high energy density, fastcharging capability,and extended working life is crucial for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) employed in consumer-grade electronic devices and electric vehicles.However, the presently utilized graphite anode exhibits sluggish ion kinetics and limited specific capacity owing to its fixed crystal structure and restricted interlayer distance. Herein, a large-size cation shear strategy for regulating carbon crystals is demonstrated. During the carbonization process, the shuttling of cations within the carbon skeleton inhibits the horizontal growth and longitudinal stacking of the carbon crystals, thereby successfully synthesizing ultramicrocrystalline carbon with short-range order and abundant microporous structures. As a result of the optimized carbon lattices, Li-ion insertion mechanism and dynamics are greatly improved, exhibiting a super high Li-storage capacity of 1156 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ (three times that of graphite theoretical capacity) and excellent rate capability with 375 mAh g⁻¹ maintained at 6 A g⁻¹ (100% graphite theoretical capacity). The assembled LiNi₆Co₂Mn₂-based full batteries achieve excellent fast charging capability and long cycle stability, with a 92% energy retention rate after 500 cycles. This carbon crystal regulation strategy demonstrates great potential for developing advanced carbon-based LIBs with high power and high energy.

A key challenge in synthesizing alkali-ion metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) lies in the multistep procedures typically required, often involving solvothermal crystallization, desolvation, post-synthetic alkali-metalation, and controlled drying. To address this, a solvent-free mechano-thermal method is reported that combines solid-state grinding of precursors with thermal annealing under vacuum. This direct, scalable route offers a more sustainable alternative while enabling stoichiometric precision. We demonstrate this approach for the synthesis of Li₄-Zn-p-DOBDP_mt (LZP³; p-DOBDP⁶⁻ = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenediphosphate), in which lithium is incorporated during MOF formation. The resulting material exhibits better crystallinity compared to its conventionally synthesized counterpart and retains its key functional properties, including a reversible capacity of 130 mAhg⁻¹ at 3.2 V versus Li⁺/Li and a quasi-solid-state ionic conductivity of 10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 303 K. These results underscore the viability of solid-state synthesis for constructing alkali-ion-containing organic electrode materials with reduced processing complexity.

Herein, the synthesis of Ti₃C₂T_x(exf)@h-BN@Co₃O₄ and its electrochemical performances as an active cathode material in a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is presented. A hierarchical heterostructure has been created by integrating nanometer-thin exfoliated Ti₃C₂T_x(exf) MXene sheets with a 2-D layered hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and immobilizing Co₃O₄ nanorods on the surface. h-BN and Co₃O₄ offer rich redox features and highly conductive Ti₃C₂T_x facilitates the charge transfer process. To prepare the anode of ASC, a spent tea-derived porous carbon (PC) was used. An ASC device (Ti₃C₂T_x(exf)@h-BN@Co₃O₄//PC) was assembled with PVA-KOH gel-electrolyte. This device exhibited a specific capacitance of 105.8 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, an energy density of 33.0 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 375 W kg⁻¹, and retention of ≈90% of its initial capacitance and ≈85% of its Coulombic efficiency after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. To gain an in-depth understanding of the electronic band structure of Ti₃C₂@h-BN@Co₃O_4, computational investigations were carried out. The calculated value of quantum capacitance of Ti₃C₂@h-BN@Co₃O₄ was 59.16 μFcm⁻² at 2.67 V (positive bias). This work highlights the exceptional performance and durability of Ti₃C₂T_x(exf)@h-BN@Co₃O₄ ternary heterostructure and positions it as a highly promising candidate for next-generation supercapacitors.

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have shown great promise as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their easy synthesis, affordability, structural adaptability, and high theoretical capacity. However, despite their considerable potential, there are still several performance challenges that hinder their practical use. This review thoroughly explores the structures of PBAs and their electrochemical reaction mechanisms, systematically summarizing current synthesis methods and modification techniques while providing forward-looking insights. Additionally, the industrial viability of PBAs is assessed from a commercialization standpoint. By examining advanced synthesis methods, material optimization strategies, and challenges in industrial development, this work aims to provide both theoretical guidance and technical prospects for enhancing the application of PBAs in practical SIBs.

With the increasing demand for energy, the requirements for energy storage systems have also increased. For example, rechargeable lithium batteries, which are the primary power sources for mobile devices, must have a high energy density and be environmentally friendly. Herein, organic compounds linked by amide bonds that underwent chemical hydrolysis or biodegradation as sustainable battery materials are investigated. In particular, an amide-bonded anthraquinone oligomer is synthesized, and its potential as a cathode-active material is examined. The anthraquinone monomer, with a theoretical capacity of 258 mAh g⁻¹, exhibits rapid capacity decay during the cycle test; however, the synthesized oligomer, with a theoretical capacity of 144 mAh g⁻¹, exhibits excellent cycle-life performance. For example, it retains ≈82% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles. This electrochemical improvement is attributed to the decreased solubility in the electrolyte solution due to oligomerization. This study contributes to the development of long cycle-life organic batteries with environmental benefits.

Efficient characterization of battery materials is fundamental to understanding the underlying electrochemical mechanisms and ensuring the safe operation of batteries. In this work, an innovative data-driven multimodal generative method is proposed to accelerate the characterization and screening of battery materials. This approach leverages a variant of the latent diffusion model, which combines a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a denoising U-Net. The VAE maps microscale information from characterization techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), into a common latent space, and the denoising U-net, conditioned on battery properties, guides the screening of battery materials. Together, the data-driven properties of material space, enriched with battery functional properties and formulated in a common latent space, achieve the accurate translation of information from AFM to meaningful material descriptors and accelerate the screening of battery materials to meet the functional needs of the battery system under consideration.