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Demonstrating the Performance of Aspartic-Acid Functionalized Naphthalene Diimide in a Near-Neutral Flow Battery 天冬氨酸功能化萘二亚胺在近中性液流电池中的性能证明
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500764
Mahsa Shahsavan, Cedrik Wiberg, Andrea Hamza, Aapo Poskela, Johan Hjelm, Pekka Peljo

The performance of the negatively charged aspartic acid-functionalized naphthalene diimide (ASP-NDI) in a flow battery is investigated in this article. The high concentration ASP-NDI/ferrocyanide flow battery presented cycled for 79.8 days with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.9% and an energy efficiency of 87.5% at 20 mA cm−2 while accessing an over 90% of the theoretical capacity of ASP-NDI with a capacity fade rate of 0.0275% per day that is the lowest reported for the NDI-based flow batteries to date.

研究了带负电荷的天冬氨酸功能化萘二亚胺(ASP-NDI)在液流电池中的性能。高浓度ASP-NDI/亚铁氰化物液流电池循环79.8天,平均库仑效率为99.9%,20 mA cm - 2时的能量效率为87.5%,可获得ASP-NDI理论容量的90%以上,容量衰减率为0.0275% /天,是迄今为止报道的最低的ndi液流电池。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanistic Insights into Sodium Niobate Surface Coating for Enhanced Cycling Performance of MnCuFe-Based Layered Oxides for Sodium-Ion Batteries 铌酸钠表面涂层增强钠离子电池中Mn - Cu - fe基层状氧化物循环性能的机理研究
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500672
Ruochen Xu, Valeriu Mereacre, Robert Leiter, Vanessa Trouillet, Holger Geßwein, Simon Fleischmann, Anass Benayad, Daria Mikhailova, Helmut Ehrenberg, Joachim R. Binder

Spray-dried battery active materials exhibit high specific surface area and tap density, enhancing battery performance with superior rate capability and initial capacity. However, this morphological optimization induces severe interfacial side reactions, causing rapid capacity fading. Herein, this study reports a novel wet chemistry coating method using hydrogen peroxide as an activation agent. Inspired by niobium-based oxide coatings for lithium-ion battery materials, this method is adapted for the sodium system with P2-type Na7/9Mn6/9Cu2/9Fe1/9O2 layered sodium oxides. Despite the adverse effect of hydrogen peroxide on active material performance, this coating method retains significant advantages in time efficiency and scalability with uniform coating on the active material surface. Consequently, the surface modified material achieves remarkable capacity retention of 97% after 200 cycles at a current rate of 120 mA g−1 within a voltage window of 1.5–4.2 V with presodiated hard carbon electrode, much higher than that of pristine material (54%). Postmortem analysis of cycled electrodes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results confirm the well-covered material surface with suppressed side reactions, extending the battery cycling life. Additionally, powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses validate the temperature-dependent coating and substitution behaviors of the coating material.

喷雾干燥电池活性材料具有较高的比表面积和轻接密度,提高电池性能,具有优越的倍率能力和初始容量。然而,这种形态优化引起了严重的界面副反应,导致容量快速衰减。本研究报告了一种以过氧化氢为活化剂的新型湿化学涂覆方法。受锂离子电池材料中铌基氧化物涂层的启发,该方法适用于具有p2型Na7/9Mn6/9Cu2/9Fe1/9O2层状氧化钠的钠体系。尽管过氧化氢对活性材料的性能有不利影响,但该涂覆方法在时间效率和可扩展性上保持了显著的优势,在活性材料表面涂覆均匀。结果表明,在1.5 ~ 4.2 V的电压窗口内,在120 mA g−1的电流下,经过200次循环后,表面改性材料的容量保持率达到97%,远高于原始材料(54%)。循环电极的事后分析和电化学阻抗谱结果证实,材料表面覆盖良好,副反应抑制,延长了电池循环寿命。此外,粉末x射线衍射和x射线光电子能谱分析验证了涂层材料的温度依赖性和取代行为。
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引用次数: 0
Finite Element Simulation of NMC Particle Fracture During Calendering: A Route to Optimize Electrode Microstructures 压延过程中NMC颗粒断裂的有限元模拟:优化电极微观结构的途径
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500749
Pierrick Guichard, Benoit Mathieu, Eric Woillez

Beyond active material intrinsic properties, the electrode manufacturing process is a crucial step to reach high energy density and long-life of Li-ion batteries. In particular, very high pressures are applied to the electrode during the calendering step, that directly influence the microstructure and the electrochemical performances. This article reports the first calendering simulation of a nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode using a finite element method, including the post-fracturation behavior of the secondary NMC particles. Calibrated with nanoindentation experiments, the mechanical model provides stress–strain predictions fully consistent with experimental data. On assemblies up to 100 particles, simulations reveal three calendering regimes along compression: particle rearrangement, moderate-pressure fracturing, and complete crushing. The model shows the strong sensitivity of the electrode microstructure to the calendering pressure level, and can thus be used as a guidance in the multicriteria optimization of the manufacturing process.

除了活性材料的固有特性外,电极的制造工艺是实现锂离子电池高能量密度和长寿命的关键一步。特别是,在压延过程中,对电极施加非常高的压力,直接影响微观结构和电化学性能。本文报道了首次采用有限元方法对镍锰钴(NMC)阴极进行压延模拟,包括二次NMC颗粒的断裂后行为。通过纳米压痕实验校准,力学模型提供了与实验数据完全一致的应力应变预测。对于多达100个颗粒的组件,模拟显示了沿压缩的三种压延方式:颗粒重排,中压压裂和完全破碎。该模型表明,电极微观结构对压延压力水平具有较强的敏感性,可用于制造工艺的多准则优化。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical Porosity Engineering of Birch-Derived Carbons via KOH Activation for High-Performance Aluminum Batteries 用KOH活化桦木碳制备高性能铝电池的层次化孔隙工程
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500779
Sruthy E S, Menestreau Paul, Gopinathan Manavalan, Nicolas Boulanger, Palanivel Molaiyan, Tao Hu, Ulla Lassi, Christie Thomas Cherian, Mikael Thyrel, Shaikshavali Petnikota

Aluminum batteries (ABs) present a cost-effective, high-energy alternative to lithium-ion systems, owing to aluminum's abundance and high theoretical capacity. Here, it reports the synthesis of birch wood derived carbons (CBWs) via carbonization of sawdust followed by KOH activation and their evaluation as AB cathodes. Two samples CBW14 and CBW16 are prepared using biochar-to-KOH weight ratios of 1:4 and 1:6, respectively. Both materials are highly disordered, predominantly amorphous carbons, exhibiting Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-specific surface areas of 3015 m2 g−1 (CBW14) and 3306 m2 g−1 (CBW16). When cycled between 0.01 and 2.2 V at 0.1 A g−1, CBW14 and CBW16 delivered discharge capacities of 120 and 140 mAh g−1, respectively. Notably, CBW16 sustained 35 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 A g−1 and achieved energy densities of 155 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 95 Wh kg−1 at 1.0 A g−1. These findings underscore the critical influence of KOH activation parameters on pore architecture and electrochemical performance, pointing the way toward scalable fabrication of efficient carbon cathodes for next-generation aluminum batteries.

铝电池(ABs)由于铝的丰度和高理论容量,是锂离子系统的一种经济高效、高能量的替代品。本文报道了木屑碳化后KOH活化的桦木衍生碳(CBWs)的合成及其作为AB阴极的评价。以生物炭与koh的质量比分别为1:4和1:6制备CBW14和CBW16两种样品。这两种材料都是高度无序的,主要是无定形碳,具有3015 m2 g−1 (CBW14)和3306 m2 g−1 (CBW16)的brunauer - emmet - teller比表面积。在0.1 A g−1和0.01 ~ 2.2 V之间循环时,CBW14和CBW16的放电容量分别为120和140 mAh g−1。值得注意的是,CBW16在10 a g−1的高倍率下可维持35 mAh g−1,在0.1 a g−1和1.0 a g−1下的能量密度分别为155 Wh kg−1和95 Wh kg−1。这些发现强调了KOH活化参数对孔隙结构和电化学性能的关键影响,为下一代铝电池高效碳阴极的规模化制造指明了道路。
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引用次数: 0
The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering for Enhanced Cycling Stability in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Performance Optimization 提高钠离子电池循环稳定性的固体电解质界面工程:策略、机理见解和性能优化
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500855
Qingjie Li, Dong Wei, Yixin Liu, Shoujun Liu, Pengtao Wang, Yadong Bai, Song Yang

Sodium-ion batteries have received considerable interest as a novel material for large-scale energy storage owing to their plentiful sodium resources and very low cost. Hard carbon (HC), the ideal anode material, presently faces an important drawback of poor cycling stability, mostly due to the instability of the solid-electrolyte interphases (SEI). This work systematically reviews the recent advancements in SEI modification strategies, emphasizing alterations in the composition, structure, and creation routes of SEI throughout cycling, alongside its correlation with cycling stability. It elucidates the mechanism via which the stability of SEI influences cycle stability. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the influence of electrode design (pore size regulation, coating alteration, doping modification) and electrolyte system optimization on SEI regulation. Present research has transitioned from “passive modification to mitigate SEI formation” to “active modification to generate high-quality SEI”. Notwithstanding a large number of research studies, the formation mechanism of SEI remains contentious and needs further elucidation in the future. This document serves as a systematic reference for SEI modification, significantly aiding the development and application of high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).

钠离子电池由于其丰富的钠资源和极低的成本,作为一种新型的大规模储能材料受到了广泛的关注。硬碳(HC)作为理想的阳极材料,目前面临着循环稳定性差的重要缺点,这主要是由于固体-电解质界面(SEI)的不稳定性。本文系统回顾了SEI修饰策略的最新进展,强调了SEI在整个循环过程中组成、结构和生成途径的变化,以及其与循环稳定性的相关性。阐明了SEI稳定性影响循环稳定性的机理。本文深入分析了电极设计(孔径调节、涂层改变、掺杂改性)和电解质体系优化对SEI调节的影响。目前的研究已经从“被动改造以缓解SEI的形成”向“主动改造以产生高质量SEI”转变。尽管有大量的研究,但SEI的形成机制仍然存在争议,需要在未来进一步阐明。本文可作为SEI改性的系统参考,对高性能钠离子电池(sib)的开发和应用具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding the Role of Oxygen Partial Pressure in Steering Anionic Redox Reactivities of Single-Crystal Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes 解译氧分压在控制单晶富锂锰基阴极阴离子氧化还原反应中的作用
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500919
Ziyi Wei, Jing Ai, Xiaowen Zhao, Jianyuan Zheng, Yiheng Lin, Lei Chen, Yawen Tang, Ping Wu, Xin Cao

Li-rich Mn-based oxides (LRMOs) are highly attractive cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their substantial capacity enabled by anionic redox reactions (ARR). However, balancing ARR activity with structural stability remains a major bottleneck. Here, we identify oxygen partial pressure during synthesis as a decisive factor governing this balance. Using single-crystal Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, we systematically regulate the calcination atmosphere—argon (LRMO-0), air (LRMO-20), and oxygen (LRMO-100)—to tune oxygen-vacancy levels, transition-metal valence states, and cation disorder. Low oxygen partial pressure results in excessive oxygen vacancies and suppressed reversible ARR, leading to poor capacity and rate performance. Conversely, high oxygen partial pressure over-activates ARR, triggering irreversible oxygen release and structural degradation. Notably, LRMO-20 synthesized in air achieves the optimal compromise, delivering a 259 mAh g−1 initial discharge capacity, 90.1% retention after 500 cycles, and markedly reduced phase transformation. This work clarifies how atmospheric control modulates ARR and structural evolution, offering an effective strategy for developing high-performance Li-rich cathodes.

富锂锰基氧化物(LRMOs)由于其通过阴离子氧化还原反应(ARR)产生的巨大容量,是下一代锂离子电池极具吸引力的阴极。然而,如何平衡ARR活性与结构稳定性仍然是主要的瓶颈。在这里,我们确定合成过程中的氧分压是控制这种平衡的决定性因素。利用单晶Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2,我们系统地调节了煅烧气氛——氩(LRMO-0)、空气(LRMO-20)和氧(LRMO-100),以调节氧空位水平、过渡金属价态和阳离子无序性。低氧分压导致氧空位过多,抑制可逆ARR,导致容量和速率性能差。相反,高氧分压会过度激活ARR,引发不可逆的氧气释放和结构降解。值得注意的是,在空气中合成的LRMO-20达到了最佳折衷,提供259 mAh g−1的初始放电容量,500次循环后保持率为90.1%,并且显著减少了相变。这项工作阐明了大气控制如何调节ARR和结构演变,为开发高性能富锂阴极提供了有效的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Room Temperature Fabrication of Binder-Free Na3V2(PO4)3/C High-Loading Electrode Films via the Powder Aerosol Deposition Method 粉末气溶胶沉积法室温制备无粘结剂Na3V2(PO4)3/C高负载电极膜
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500902
Mutlucan Sozak, Sofie Knies, Matteo Bianchini, Ralf Moos

The powder aerosol deposition (PAD or aerosol deposition method [ADM]) and tape casting were used to manufacture Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C) electrodes from the same synthesized powder batch. We demonstrate that Na-based, binder-free and solvent-free thick PAD electrodes can be directly deposited onto aluminum current collectors. Tape-cast electrodes were fabricated on aluminum foil to serve as a reference for electrochemical benchmarking. Galvanostatic cycling was performed at a C-rate of C/10 between 1.5–4.5 and 2–4 V versus Na+/Na using a liquid electrolyte in coin cells. PAD electrodes with varying cathode active material (CAM) loadings were produced to evaluate the effect of loading and posttreatment on the electrochemical performance. While tape-cast electrodes show consistent capacities (∼90 mAh g−1 at C/10), PAD electrodes delivered significantly lower specific capacities depending on CAM loading and posttreatment. By correlating delivered charge with active mass and thickness, we show that the charge extracted from PAD-NVP/C cathode exhibit a plateau at ∼0.15–0.18 mAh, independent of CAM loading. This indicates that only a thin fraction of surface region participates in de/-intercalation. These findings reveal the utilization limits in thick PAD cathodes and provide insight toward enabling their future industrialization.

采用粉末气溶胶沉积法(PAD或气溶胶沉积法[ADM])和胶带铸造法制备Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C)电极。我们证明了na基、无粘结剂和无溶剂的厚PAD电极可以直接沉积在铝集流器上。在铝箔上制备了带铸电极,作为电化学基准测试的参考。在硬币电池中使用液体电解质,以C/10的C-速率在1.5-4.5和2-4 V与Na+/Na之间进行恒流循环。制备了不同负极活性物质(CAM)负载量的PAD电极,以评估负极活性物质负载量和后处理对其电化学性能的影响。虽然带铸电极显示出一致的容量(在C/10下约90 mAh g - 1),但PAD电极的比容量明显较低,这取决于CAM加载和后处理。通过将传递电荷与活性质量和厚度相关联,我们发现从PAD-NVP/C阴极提取的电荷在0.15-0.18 mAh时呈现平台,与CAM负载无关。这表明只有一小部分表面区域参与de/-插层。这些发现揭示了厚PAD阴极的使用限制,并为其未来的工业化提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Zinc Powder Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Structural Design and Performance Enhancement 水锌离子电池用锌粉阳极:结构设计与性能提升
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500589
Yuwei Li, Jinpeng Guan, Mahmood ul Haq, Zetao Chen, Xiyan Wei, Yongbiao Mu, Lin Zeng

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention as a promising next-generation energy storage system following lithium-ion batteries, owing to their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, intrinsic safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the widespread adoption of AZIBs has been impeded by intrinsic issues associated with zinc foil anodes, such as dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions. Recently, zinc powder (Zn-P) has emerged as a compelling alternative due to its high utilization efficiency, scalability, and industrial viability. Despite these advantages, Zn-P anodes still encounter several critical challenges, including rapid voltage polarization during cycling, excessive gas evolution, battery swelling, electrode pulverization, and performance inconsistency stemming from diverse manufacturing processes. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages and current limitations of Zn-P anodes, elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying these issues. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in structural optimization strategies, such as Zn-P modification, special structure design, and the construction of conductive scaffolds, to identify viable pathways for performance improvement. Finally, five key research directions are proposed to guide future studies and promote the practical implementation of Zn-P-based AZIBs.

可充水锌离子电池(azib)作为继锂离子电池之后的下一代储能系统,因其高能量密度、高性价比、固有安全性和环境友好性而备受关注。然而,azib的广泛采用受到与锌箔阳极相关的固有问题的阻碍,例如枝晶生长和界面副反应。最近,锌粉(Zn-P)因其高利用率、可扩展性和工业可行性而成为一种令人信服的替代品。尽管有这些优势,锌- p阳极仍然面临着几个关键的挑战,包括循环过程中的快速电压极化、过度的气体释放、电池膨胀、电极粉化以及不同制造工艺导致的性能不一致。本文全面总结了锌- p阳极的优点和局限性,并阐明了这些问题的基本机制。此外,它还强调了结构优化策略的最新进展,如锌- p改性、特殊结构设计和导电支架的构建,以确定提高性能的可行途径。最后,提出了五个重点研究方向,以指导今后的研究,促进zn - p基azib的实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
Front Cover: Enhancing the Capacitance of Poly(Heptazine Imide) Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes via Hybrid Material Design (Batteries & Supercaps 2/2026) 前盖:通过混合材料设计增强聚(庚烷酰亚胺)电极在水溶液中的电容(电池和Supercaps 2/2026)
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/batt.70241
Marius Hermesdorf, Ulrich Haagen, Ping Feng, Christof Neumann, Andrey Turchanin, Yan Lu, Desirée Leistenschneider

The Front Cover illustrates the incorporation of potassium-containing poly(heptazine imide) (represented as triangles) into the pores of mesoporous carbon (hexagons). The resulting hybrid material exhibits higher electrical conductivity and a larger specific surface area than bulk ionic carbon nitride. This hybrid design enables the investigation of electric double-layer formation and interaction of K+ from the electrolyte at the PHI/electrolyte interface without the limiting effects of resistance. More information can be found in the Research Article by D. Leistenschneider and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500285).

封面展示了含钾聚七嗪亚胺(三角形)与介孔碳(六边形)的结合。所得到的杂化材料比大块离子氮化碳具有更高的导电性和更大的比表面积。这种混合设计可以在不受电阻限制的情况下,研究PHI/电解质界面上的双电层形成和K+的相互作用。更多信息可以在D. Leistenschneider及其同事的研究文章中找到(DOI: 10.1002/bat .202500285)。
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引用次数: 0
From “Lab Prototype” to “Practical Device”: Cycling Stability Challenges of MnO2-Based Cathodes for Zinc-Ion Batteries 从“实验室原型”到“实用设备”:锌离子电池mno2基阴极的循环稳定性挑战
IF 4.7 4区 材料科学 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/batt.202500820
Tiaodi Wu, Wanjun Chen

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion systems, offering intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Among candidate cathode materials, manganese dioxide (MnO2) stands out for its high theoretical capacity and abundance. However, translating MnO2-based ZIBs from lab prototypes to practical devices remains challenging due to severe cycling stability issues. Key failure modes, including structural degradation of the MnO2 cathode, manganese dissolution into the electrolyte with “dead” byproduct formation, sluggish Zn2+ diffusion and poor electronic conductivity, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, cause progressive capacity fade. These problems are further exacerbated under realistic operating conditions (thick electrodes, limited electrolyte, and prolonged cycling) required for commercial-level cells. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these degradation mechanisms and critically surveys recent mitigation strategies such as MnO2 nanostructuring and doping, protective surface coatings, and optimized aqueous electrolytes with additives. We also highlight the persistent performance gap between coin-cell demonstrations and real-world devices, emphasizing the need for in situ/operando diagnostic techniques, multiscale modeling, scalable electrode fabrication, and standardized testing protocols to better bridge that gap. By uniting fundamental insights with engineering solutions, this work offers guidelines to advance MnO2-based ZIBs toward durable, high-performance energy storage devices suitable for broad application.

水锌离子电池(zib)是锂离子系统的一个很有前途的替代品,具有固有的安全性、环保性和低成本。在候选正极材料中,二氧化锰(MnO2)具有较高的理论容量和丰度。然而,由于严重的循环稳定性问题,将基于二氧化锰的ZIBs从实验室原型转化为实际设备仍然具有挑战性。主要失效模式包括MnO2阴极的结构降解、锰溶解到电解液中并形成“死”副产物、Zn2+扩散缓慢、电子导电性差、电极/电解液界面不稳定等,导致容量逐渐衰减。这些问题在商业级电池所需的实际操作条件下(厚电极、有限的电解质和长时间循环)会进一步加剧。这篇综述对这些降解机制进行了全面的分析,并对最近的缓解策略进行了批判性的调查,如二氧化锰纳米结构和掺杂、保护性表面涂层和带添加剂的优化水性电解质。我们还强调了硬币电池演示与实际设备之间持续存在的性能差距,强调需要原位/操作诊断技术,多尺度建模,可扩展电极制造和标准化测试协议来更好地弥合这一差距。通过将基础见解与工程解决方案结合起来,这项工作为将基于二氧化氮的ZIBs推进到适合广泛应用的耐用、高性能储能设备提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
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