JC Montoya-Jiménez, J. Valdez-Lazalde, G. Ángeles-Pérez, HM De Los Santos-Posadas, G. Cruz-Cárdenas
{"title":"Predictive capacity of nine algorithms and an ensemble model to determine the geographic distribution of tree species","authors":"JC Montoya-Jiménez, J. Valdez-Lazalde, G. Ángeles-Pérez, HM De Los Santos-Posadas, G. Cruz-Cárdenas","doi":"10.3832/ifor4084-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4084-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79205183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physiological dormancy and dormancy release of Sassafras tzumu, a colored-leaf tree species with high landscape and economic value","authors":"H. Chen, J. Jiang, J. Liu, Z. Tan, Y. Li","doi":"10.3832/ifor4031-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4031-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gómez, S. Espinoza, N. Cuadros, E. Goncalves, R. Bustamante
The Maulino forest is a temperate ecosystem of the Mediterranean zone of Chile classified as one of the 34 biodiversity hot-spots of the world; however, there is still limited information about the ecological factors that make this native forest prone to be invaded. We assess to what extent forest attributes such as light availability and native species diversity control the invasion process of Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch, an aggressive weed, into the Maulino forest, an endemic forest ecosystem of Central Chile. We examined whether the seedling density of this exotic plant is related to forest attributes such as cover, incoming photosynthetically active radiation, litter depth, and native species density and richness. We found that a decrease of light availability reduces T. monspessulana invasion. No relationships were observed between native species diversity and the abundance of T. monspessulana plants. Increasing the forest cover will recover forest structure but at the same time, it will prevent the invasion of T. monspessulana and other exotic plants with similar regeneration niche requirements.
{"title":"Light availability influences the invasion of Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch in a temperate fragmented forest in Central Chile","authors":"P. Gómez, S. Espinoza, N. Cuadros, E. Goncalves, R. Bustamante","doi":"10.3832/ifor4026-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4026-015","url":null,"abstract":"The Maulino forest is a temperate ecosystem of the Mediterranean zone of Chile classified as one of the 34 biodiversity hot-spots of the world; however, there is still limited information about the ecological factors that make this native forest prone to be invaded. We assess to what extent forest attributes such as light availability and native species diversity control the invasion process of Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch, an aggressive weed, into the Maulino forest, an endemic forest ecosystem of Central Chile. We examined whether the seedling density of this exotic plant is related to forest attributes such as cover, incoming photosynthetically active radiation, litter depth, and native species density and richness. We found that a decrease of light availability reduces T. monspessulana invasion. No relationships were observed between native species diversity and the abundance of T. monspessulana plants. Increasing the forest cover will recover forest structure but at the same time, it will prevent the invasion of T. monspessulana and other exotic plants with similar regeneration niche requirements.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest management with a focus on high structural heterogeneity is a major goal in modern forestry to increase multifunctionality. The assessment and quantification of forest structures has, therefore, gained much attention in recent years. However, there is no standardized approach to surveying forest heterogeneity; instead, a variety of structural indices, which have been developed over past decades, are used. This makes it difficult to interpret the results of different studies and to base management decisions on such data. In this study, we compared six structural indices that differ in terms of their complexity and the method of data acquisition. These included the Gini coefficient of the diameter at breast height and of tree height, the Shannon index of tree species diversity, two complex indices of structural heterogeneity, one based on conventional inventory data and one on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data, and a simple-holistic TLS-based stand structural complexity index. For the comparison of these six indices, we used data from 84 plots in 12 different forest stand types in two study areas in Germany. The stand types con-sisted of different dominant tree species and included different age classes. The degree of correlations among the different indices was highly variable. In addition, we did not find a clear age-dependency of the indices. We conclude that the choice of a specific index plays an important role in the evaluation and interpretation of forest structural heterogeneity. Because TLS data offer multiple benefits in terms of precision, reproducibility and comprehensive-ness, we recommend to use TLS-based indices of structural heterogeneity.
{"title":"Do different indices of forest structural heterogeneity yield consistent results?","authors":"KF Reich, M. Kunz, AW Bitter, G. von Oheimb","doi":"10.3832/ifor4096-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4096-015","url":null,"abstract":"Forest management with a focus on high structural heterogeneity is a major goal in modern forestry to increase multifunctionality. The assessment and quantification of forest structures has, therefore, gained much attention in recent years. However, there is no standardized approach to surveying forest heterogeneity; instead, a variety of structural indices, which have been developed over past decades, are used. This makes it difficult to interpret the results of different studies and to base management decisions on such data. In this study, we compared six structural indices that differ in terms of their complexity and the method of data acquisition. These included the Gini coefficient of the diameter at breast height and of tree height, the Shannon index of tree species diversity, two complex indices of structural heterogeneity, one based on conventional inventory data and one on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data, and a simple-holistic TLS-based stand structural complexity index. For the comparison of these six indices, we used data from 84 plots in 12 different forest stand types in two study areas in Germany. The stand types con-sisted of different dominant tree species and included different age classes. The degree of correlations among the different indices was highly variable. In addition, we did not find a clear age-dependency of the indices. We conclude that the choice of a specific index plays an important role in the evaluation and interpretation of forest structural heterogeneity. Because TLS data offer multiple benefits in terms of precision, reproducibility and comprehensive-ness, we recommend to use TLS-based indices of structural heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HJ De Souza, E. Miguel, RT Resende, Eat Matricardi, AV Rezende, F. Leal, M.S. dos Santos
The ecological influence of functional traits on species persistence as well as on their role over the organization of forest communities in the Brazilian Cer-rado biome have not been fully understood yet. In this study, we assessed the effects of six functional groups, characterized by three seed dispersal syndromes ( i.e. , anemochory, autochory, and zoochory) and three wood density classes ( i.e. , hardwood, lightwood, and softwood), on tree spatial distribution patterns, habitat occupancy, and ecosystem services (biomass hyper dominance and abundance) provided by a forest community located in the “Parque do Lajeado”, state of Tocantins, Brazil. The similarity among study sites was characterized by applying the tree dominant height approach and the environmental and soil variables as input. The floristic similarity was assessed by applying the Bray-Curtis index. The zoochoric species showed more aggregated spatial pattern at local scale, which indicates that it is more sensitive to environmental gradients than other dispersal syndromes. Meanwhile, hardwood density species were more established in the community, being more persistent to environmental filters. We observed that a small number of species contributed with about 50% of the abundance and biomass of the community, whose functional traits (wood density and dispersal syndrome) indirectly affect the relationship among the community species richness and their ecosystem functions. We observed that the functional traits related to seed dispersal and wood density functional groups resulted in different spatial distribution patterns of those tree species. Therefore, functional traits and environmental factors combined have substantially affected the structure and composition of forest communities at local scale
在巴西Cer-rado生物群系中，功能性状对物种持久性的生态影响及其对森林群落组织的作用尚未完全了解。在这项研究中，我们评估了巴西托坎廷斯州“Parque do Lajeado”森林群落的6个功能群(以3种种子传播综合征为特征，即风速、自生木和动物)和3种木材密度等级(即硬木、轻木和软木)对树木空间分布格局、栖息地占用和生态系统服务(生物量超优势度和丰度)的影响。采用树木优势高度法，以环境和土壤变量为输入，对研究点间的相似性进行了表征。采用Bray-Curtis指数评价植物区系相似性。在局地尺度上，动物性物种表现出更聚集的空间格局，表明其对环境梯度的敏感性高于其他扩散综合征。与此同时，硬木密度物种在群落中更成熟，对环境过滤器的持久性更强。研究发现，少数物种贡献了约50%的群落丰度和生物量，其功能性状(木材密度和扩散综合征)间接影响了群落物种丰富度与其生态系统功能的关系。结果表明，与种子传播相关的功能性状和木材密度功能群导致了不同树种的空间分布格局。因此，功能性状和环境因子的共同作用对森林群落的结构和组成产生了实质性的影响
{"title":"Effects of functional traits on the spatial distribution and hyperdominance of tree species in the Cerrado biome","authors":"HJ De Souza, E. Miguel, RT Resende, Eat Matricardi, AV Rezende, F. Leal, M.S. dos Santos","doi":"10.3832/ifor3920-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3920-015","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological influence of functional traits on species persistence as well as on their role over the organization of forest communities in the Brazilian Cer-rado biome have not been fully understood yet. In this study, we assessed the effects of six functional groups, characterized by three seed dispersal syndromes ( i.e. , anemochory, autochory, and zoochory) and three wood density classes ( i.e. , hardwood, lightwood, and softwood), on tree spatial distribution patterns, habitat occupancy, and ecosystem services (biomass hyper dominance and abundance) provided by a forest community located in the “Parque do Lajeado”, state of Tocantins, Brazil. The similarity among study sites was characterized by applying the tree dominant height approach and the environmental and soil variables as input. The floristic similarity was assessed by applying the Bray-Curtis index. The zoochoric species showed more aggregated spatial pattern at local scale, which indicates that it is more sensitive to environmental gradients than other dispersal syndromes. Meanwhile, hardwood density species were more established in the community, being more persistent to environmental filters. We observed that a small number of species contributed with about 50% of the abundance and biomass of the community, whose functional traits (wood density and dispersal syndrome) indirectly affect the relationship among the community species richness and their ecosystem functions. We observed that the functional traits related to seed dispersal and wood density functional groups resulted in different spatial distribution patterns of those tree species. Therefore, functional traits and environmental factors combined have substantially affected the structure and composition of forest communities at local scale","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80967216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vuksanović, B. Kovačević, S. Stojnić, M. Kebert, L. Kesić, V. Galović, S. Orlović
{"title":"Variability of tolerance of Wild cherry clones to PEG-induced osmotic stress in vitro","authors":"V. Vuksanović, B. Kovačević, S. Stojnić, M. Kebert, L. Kesić, V. Galović, S. Orlović","doi":"10.3832/ifor4033-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4033-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78433653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EN Daskalakou, K. Koutsovoulou, S. Oikonomidis, CA Thanos
Seed germination traits were assessed on Pinus heldreichii H. Christ, a Tertiary relict, high-elevation Mediterranean pine, endemic in the western Balkan Peninsula and southern Italy; it is naturally grown at the northern Greece mountains, but also found in shrubby form above the timberline. Closed and mature cones were collected (October) for three consecutive years from Pindos Range and Mt. Olympus populations. Cone and seed morphological traits were recorded along with the seedling cotyledon number. Seed germination tests were performed under various ecologically meaningful temperatures and light regimes; climate change effects on seed germination and seedling development were assessed based on two climate scenarios. Final seed germination was moderate (~55%) on both, untreated seed lots at most favourable conditions (15 and 20 °C). Although cold stratification is not an absolute requirement, seed germination rate and final percentage are promoted by both a month of cold stratification (at least 30 or 45 days) and white light. The predicted climate change suggests that a prolonged drought period (>3 months) might turn out by the end of the century in the populations studied. Although the temperature increase might not have significant effects in the germination window of the species. The rainfall decrease will inevitably expose the young seedlings to the summer drought, thus increasing the potential mortality rate. Both ex situ ( e.g. , germplasm conservation) and in situ measures of conservation are recommended for the species survival in Greece, with a particular fo-cus on the populations established at lower altitudes.
对巴尔干半岛西部和意大利南部特有的第三纪地中海高海拔遗存松树黑松(Pinus heldreichii H. Christ)种子萌发特性进行了评价;它自然生长在希腊北部山区，但也以灌木的形式出现在树带线以上。在Pindos Range和Mt. Olympus种群中连续3年(10月)采集闭合和成熟球果。记录了球果和种子的形态特征及幼苗子叶数。种子发芽试验在不同生态意义的温度和光照条件下进行;在两种气候情景下，评估了气候变化对种子萌发和幼苗发育的影响。在最有利的条件下(15°C和20°C)，两个未经处理的种子批次的最终种子萌发率中等(~55%)。虽然冷分层不是绝对要求，但一个月的冷分层(至少30或45天)和白光都能提高种子的发芽率和最终发芽率。预测的气候变化表明，到本世纪末，在研究的人口中可能会出现一个延长的干旱期(>3个月)。虽然温度的升高可能对该物种的萌发窗口没有显著影响。降雨减少将不可避免地使幼苗暴露在夏季干旱中，从而增加潜在的死亡率。对于希腊的物种生存，建议采取移地(例如种质保护)和就地保护措施，并特别关注在低海拔地区建立的种群。
{"title":"Seed germination traits of Pinus heldreichii in two Greek populations and implications for conservation","authors":"EN Daskalakou, K. Koutsovoulou, S. Oikonomidis, CA Thanos","doi":"10.3832/ifor4045-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4045-015","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination traits were assessed on Pinus heldreichii H. Christ, a Tertiary relict, high-elevation Mediterranean pine, endemic in the western Balkan Peninsula and southern Italy; it is naturally grown at the northern Greece mountains, but also found in shrubby form above the timberline. Closed and mature cones were collected (October) for three consecutive years from Pindos Range and Mt. Olympus populations. Cone and seed morphological traits were recorded along with the seedling cotyledon number. Seed germination tests were performed under various ecologically meaningful temperatures and light regimes; climate change effects on seed germination and seedling development were assessed based on two climate scenarios. Final seed germination was moderate (~55%) on both, untreated seed lots at most favourable conditions (15 and 20 °C). Although cold stratification is not an absolute requirement, seed germination rate and final percentage are promoted by both a month of cold stratification (at least 30 or 45 days) and white light. The predicted climate change suggests that a prolonged drought period (>3 months) might turn out by the end of the century in the populations studied. Although the temperature increase might not have significant effects in the germination window of the species. The rainfall decrease will inevitably expose the young seedlings to the summer drought, thus increasing the potential mortality rate. Both ex situ ( e.g. , germplasm conservation) and in situ measures of conservation are recommended for the species survival in Greece, with a particular fo-cus on the populations established at lower altitudes.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
É. Collin, T. Pozzi, C. Joyeau, S. Matz, M. Rondouin, C. Joly
The results of 16 experimental plantations of Ulmus minor clones of the French national collection are presented as a complement to a previous work (Collin et al. 2020) on the outcome of the French Programme for the Conservation of Native Elm Genetic Resources. A total of 710 elms from 38 clones were planted in three different regions of France using two types of experimental designs and exposed to natural infection by Dutch Elm Disease (DED). DED infection and subsequent mortality were monitored in rectangular monospecific plantations (“plot-tests”), comprising at least 100 elms (10 clones). Linear plantations of 15 to 36 elms intermixed with other trees and shrubs (“hedge-tests”) investigated the feasibility of using native field elm clones in hedge reconstruction projects. After at least 9 (up to 17) years of experimentation, overall DED infection frequency was 33%, with scores above 63% in the oldest plantation and in two fast-growing tests. The overall mortality in the 232 diseased trees was 21%, reaching 29% in the oldest plantation and 64% in a hedge-test on high quality soil, suggesting a possible effect of the very fast growth of the trees. A few clones showed an interesting lower infection frequency or some ability to recover, whereas some others were found quickly infected in several tests and could serve in future experiments on clone attractiveness for DED vectors. Practical conclusions for genetic resources conservation consist of recommendations for the establishment of conservation plantations using regional clones.
{"title":"Monitoring of the incidence of Dutch Elm Disease and mortality in experimental plantations of French Ulmus minor clones","authors":"É. Collin, T. Pozzi, C. Joyeau, S. Matz, M. Rondouin, C. Joly","doi":"10.3832/ifor3820-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor3820-015","url":null,"abstract":"The results of 16 experimental plantations of Ulmus minor clones of the French national collection are presented as a complement to a previous work (Collin et al. 2020) on the outcome of the French Programme for the Conservation of Native Elm Genetic Resources. A total of 710 elms from 38 clones were planted in three different regions of France using two types of experimental designs and exposed to natural infection by Dutch Elm Disease (DED). DED infection and subsequent mortality were monitored in rectangular monospecific plantations (“plot-tests”), comprising at least 100 elms (10 clones). Linear plantations of 15 to 36 elms intermixed with other trees and shrubs (“hedge-tests”) investigated the feasibility of using native field elm clones in hedge reconstruction projects. After at least 9 (up to 17) years of experimentation, overall DED infection frequency was 33%, with scores above 63% in the oldest plantation and in two fast-growing tests. The overall mortality in the 232 diseased trees was 21%, reaching 29% in the oldest plantation and 64% in a hedge-test on high quality soil, suggesting a possible effect of the very fast growth of the trees. A few clones showed an interesting lower infection frequency or some ability to recover, whereas some others were found quickly infected in several tests and could serve in future experiments on clone attractiveness for DED vectors. Practical conclusions for genetic resources conservation consist of recommendations for the establishment of conservation plantations using regional clones.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82548815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Karami, I. Brémaud, S. Bardet, T. Alméras, D. Guibal, P. Langbour, K. Pourtahmasi, J. Gril
Thermal treatments can be considered as an accelerated ageing, bringing partly similar changes in properties as naturally aged wood. Thermal treatment was applied on white mulberry ( Morus alba L.), a dominant species for making musical instruments from middle-East to Far-East, to investigate the effects on the vibro-mechanical and physical properties of this wood, and the results compared to previously published data on spruce ( Picea abies Karst.) as a reference for the soundboard of Western string instruments. Thermal treatment (TT) at 150 °C and 0% of relative humidity was applied to five anal-ogous groups of specimens with five different durations (2.5, 8, 24, 72, 261 hours). Humidity re-conditioning of specimens was done to explore the reversibility of TT effects. Physical and vibrational properties such as specific gravity ( γ ), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), CIELab colorimetric values, specific modulus of elasticity ( E ’/ γ ) and damping coefficient (tan δ ) in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions, have been measured after stabilisation of samples in standard conditions (20 °C, 65% RH), before and after TT and then after re-conditioning. Untreated mulberry had a low EMC, very low L/R anisotropy and low E ’ L / γ , and relatively low tan δ . Weight loss (WL) and CIELab values evolved similarly during TT for mulberry and for previous results on spruce, however, their EMC and vibrational properties were affected differently. This could be explained in part by the low anisotropy of mulberry, and in part by its particular extractives. The parts of irreversible effects, linked to chemical modification or degradation, and of reversible effects, linked to physical con-figuration, were different between mulberry and spruce. The applied treatments did not bring permanent “improvements” in vibrational properties of mulberry, yet its colour appearance was enhanced.
{"title":"Reversible and irreversible effects of mild thermal treatment on the properties of wood used for making musical instruments: comparing mulberry to spruce","authors":"E. Karami, I. Brémaud, S. Bardet, T. Alméras, D. Guibal, P. Langbour, K. Pourtahmasi, J. Gril","doi":"10.3832/ifor4074-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4074-015","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal treatments can be considered as an accelerated ageing, bringing partly similar changes in properties as naturally aged wood. Thermal treatment was applied on white mulberry ( Morus alba L.), a dominant species for making musical instruments from middle-East to Far-East, to investigate the effects on the vibro-mechanical and physical properties of this wood, and the results compared to previously published data on spruce ( Picea abies Karst.) as a reference for the soundboard of Western string instruments. Thermal treatment (TT) at 150 °C and 0% of relative humidity was applied to five anal-ogous groups of specimens with five different durations (2.5, 8, 24, 72, 261 hours). Humidity re-conditioning of specimens was done to explore the reversibility of TT effects. Physical and vibrational properties such as specific gravity ( γ ), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), CIELab colorimetric values, specific modulus of elasticity ( E ’/ γ ) and damping coefficient (tan δ ) in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions, have been measured after stabilisation of samples in standard conditions (20 °C, 65% RH), before and after TT and then after re-conditioning. Untreated mulberry had a low EMC, very low L/R anisotropy and low E ’ L / γ , and relatively low tan δ . Weight loss (WL) and CIELab values evolved similarly during TT for mulberry and for previous results on spruce, however, their EMC and vibrational properties were affected differently. This could be explained in part by the low anisotropy of mulberry, and in part by its particular extractives. The parts of irreversible effects, linked to chemical modification or degradation, and of reversible effects, linked to physical con-figuration, were different between mulberry and spruce. The applied treatments did not bring permanent “improvements” in vibrational properties of mulberry, yet its colour appearance was enhanced.","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76010933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cavalli, S. Francini, G. Cecili, C. Cocozza, L. Congedo, V. Falanga, GL Spadoni, M. Maesano, M. Munafò, G. Chirici, G. Scarascia Mugnozza
{"title":"Afforestation monitoring through automatic analysis of 36-years Landsat Best Available Composites","authors":"A. Cavalli, S. Francini, G. Cecili, C. Cocozza, L. Congedo, V. Falanga, GL Spadoni, M. Maesano, M. Munafò, G. Chirici, G. Scarascia Mugnozza","doi":"10.3832/ifor4043-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor4043-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13323,"journal":{"name":"Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry","volume":"43 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85538013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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