Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17373
S. Srikanth, S. Sneha, N. Padmapriya
COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since its outbreak in December 2019. In India, as of May 12th 2021, the total number of coronavirus cases and associated deaths are 2,35,57,676 and 2,56,617 respectively. To control the spread of the virus effectively, social distancing, self-isolation and quarantine, lockdowns and mass inoculation are vital. In this paper we propose a deterministic epidemic model which is an extension of the SEIR model to understand the disease dynamics.The proposed model has eight compartments, Susceptible1, Susceptible2, Exposed, Infected, Quarantined, Isolated, Recovered and Dead and is termed as the S1S2EIQJRD model. The basic reproduction number Ris derived for the proposed model and it is shown that for the disease dies out and for the disease is endemic. Numerical simulations for the growth of the virus across India through the span of the outbreak are obtained. The simulation is done on real data and the results obtained may be used to make suitable inferences about the dynamics of the disease and appropriate measures can be taken to control its spread.
{"title":"A Year Into the Pandemic: A Mathematical Model and Study of COVID-19 in India","authors":"S. Srikanth, S. Sneha, N. Padmapriya","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17373","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since its outbreak in December 2019. In India, as of May 12th 2021, the total number of coronavirus cases and associated deaths are 2,35,57,676 and 2,56,617 respectively. To control the spread of the virus effectively, social distancing, self-isolation and quarantine, lockdowns and mass inoculation are vital. In this paper we propose a deterministic epidemic model which is an extension of the SEIR model to understand the disease dynamics.The proposed model has eight compartments, Susceptible1, Susceptible2, Exposed, Infected, Quarantined, Isolated, Recovered and Dead and is termed as the S1S2EIQJRD model. The basic reproduction number Ris derived for the proposed model and it is shown that for the disease dies out and for the disease is endemic. Numerical simulations for the growth of the virus across India through the span of the outbreak are obtained. The simulation is done on real data and the results obtained may be used to make suitable inferences about the dynamics of the disease and appropriate measures can be taken to control its spread.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86529499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17365
{"title":"Validation of Early Childhood Dental Anxiety Impact Scale among 3-5 Year Old Preschool Children in Chennai City","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73349984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17361
P. Chowdary, UndavalliVamsi Krishna, AmarnathMuthe, B. Savithri, Jonnalagadda Ravi Kumar
Background: Diabetes is a major public health challenge in the present phase of socio-demographic and epidemiological transition leading to various complications causing high mortality and morbidity. Diabetes is often not diagnosed in early phase especially in rural areas. This study was carried out to observe changing trends, prevalence of diabetes and its association with major risk factors in rural community. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among 700 individuals (306 men and 394 women) aged 18-65 years living in villages under rural field practice area of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinaoutpally, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. Information on socio-demographic data, dietary habits and life style was obtained. Height, weight,blood pressure and capillary blood glucose were measured. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes is about 22.6% of the study subjects of whom 11.9% are known and 10.7% are newly diagnosed. The prevalence of Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate even in rural population and nearly half of them aren’t aware of their diabetes status. Diabetes when detected early can prevent lot of complications and improve the quality of life of the individual.
{"title":"Burden of Diabetes in Rural Indiaand Its Association with Social Anddietary Factors","authors":"P. Chowdary, UndavalliVamsi Krishna, AmarnathMuthe, B. Savithri, Jonnalagadda Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a major public health challenge in the present phase of socio-demographic and epidemiological transition leading to various complications causing high mortality and morbidity. Diabetes is often not diagnosed in early phase especially in rural areas. This study was carried out to observe changing trends, prevalence of diabetes and its association with major risk factors in rural community. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among 700 individuals (306 men and 394 women) aged 18-65 years living in villages under rural field practice area of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinaoutpally, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. Information on socio-demographic data, dietary habits and life style was obtained. Height, weight,blood pressure and capillary blood glucose were measured. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes is about 22.6% of the study subjects of whom 11.9% are known and 10.7% are newly diagnosed. The prevalence of Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate even in rural population and nearly half of them aren’t aware of their diabetes status. Diabetes when detected early can prevent lot of complications and improve the quality of life of the individual.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79106297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17337
Eman Al-Kaseer
Background: generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder manifested by a lot of worry with no real cause and more intense than situation need. Few publications on anxiety among preschool anxiety in Iraq. Objective: to report on generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children in Iraq (prevalence and determinant factors). Methods: A total 423 preschool children was included in the study. They were recruited from 4 public and 4 private kindergartens. They were selected randomly from Al-Rusafa Al-Thania Education directorate (one out 3 directorates in Al-Rusafa). Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version was used to assess the anxiety. Results: Generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.4% of children. Among the ages 4, 5, and 6 years, generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.2%, 35% and 4.3%, respectively. Rate of the disorder among males was 34.2% and among females was 40.2%. In public kindergartens the rate of the disorder was significantly higher (43%)than in private ones (31.6%). In low, middle and high socioeconomic status the rate of disorder were 57.7%, 29.2% and 34.4%, respectively. Paternal and maternal educational levels were significantly affecting the rate of generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). The rate of the disorder among preschool children cared by one parent was significantly higher (86.6%) than those cared by both parents (27.4%) (p=0.0001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children was observed. Private kindergarten showed lower rate of the disorder than the public ones.
{"title":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Preschool Children in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Eman Al-Kaseer","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17337","url":null,"abstract":"Background: generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder manifested by a lot of worry with no real cause and more intense than situation need. Few publications on anxiety among preschool anxiety in Iraq. Objective: to report on generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children in Iraq (prevalence and determinant factors). Methods: A total 423 preschool children was included in the study. They were recruited from 4 public and 4 private kindergartens. They were selected randomly from Al-Rusafa Al-Thania Education directorate (one out 3 directorates in Al-Rusafa). Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version was used to assess the anxiety. Results: Generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.4% of children. Among the ages 4, 5, and 6 years, generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.2%, 35% and 4.3%, respectively. Rate of the disorder among males was 34.2% and among females was 40.2%. In public kindergartens the rate of the disorder was significantly higher (43%)than in private ones (31.6%). In low, middle and high socioeconomic status the rate of disorder were 57.7%, 29.2% and 34.4%, respectively. Paternal and maternal educational levels were significantly affecting the rate of generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). The rate of the disorder among preschool children cared by one parent was significantly higher (86.6%) than those cared by both parents (27.4%) (p=0.0001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children was observed. Private kindergarten showed lower rate of the disorder than the public ones.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75587898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17321
AfrozaAkhter, B. Banu, N. Akter, Sujana Haque Chawdhury, Labanna Paul Antara, S. Hossain
Background: Bangladesh is trying to shape out coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with limited frontiers resources science March 2020. Among all frontier, Bangladeshi nurses are also playing a dynamic role to control infection through direct contact with COVID patients. Objective: This research aims to identify the level and predictors of poor knowledge of nursing students toward the COVID-19. Method: This study was a quantitative type of cross-sectional study with 150 participants randomly selected from 226 students of the Armed Forces Medical Institute located in Dhaka Cantonment of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Data were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire through a telephonic interview by trained and experienced interviewers. Analysis was done by using univariate, multivariate techniques followed by regression modeling. Result: Overall level of knowledge was observed poor (67.3%) among more than half of BSc nursing students. A greater part of nursing students got poor knowledge on the preventive measures to reduce transmission of COVID 19 (98.7%;40.20±12.39) & management of COVID 19 (94.7%;40.20±12.39). In terms of predicting the causes of poor knowledge, this study found that BSc nursing students of the second year (AOR= 2.53, p < 0.01) are more likely to have poor knowledge on COVID-19 compared to another educational group. Conclusion: Nurses are the frontiers to mitigate COVID-19 and manage the affected people effectively. Therefore, knowledge of them needs to be perfect to ensure the proper practice to prevent COVID-19. Thus, an enthusiastic and demonstrative learning system is required to make them knowledgeable enough against COVID-19.
{"title":"Knowledge on COVID-19 among Nursing Students of a Selected Nursing Institute of Dhaka City, Bangladesh","authors":"AfrozaAkhter, B. Banu, N. Akter, Sujana Haque Chawdhury, Labanna Paul Antara, S. Hossain","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bangladesh is trying to shape out coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with limited frontiers resources science March 2020. Among all frontier, Bangladeshi nurses are also playing a dynamic role to control infection through direct contact with COVID patients. Objective: This research aims to identify the level and predictors of poor knowledge of nursing students toward the COVID-19. Method: This study was a quantitative type of cross-sectional study with 150 participants randomly selected from 226 students of the Armed Forces Medical Institute located in Dhaka Cantonment of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Data were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire through a telephonic interview by trained and experienced interviewers. Analysis was done by using univariate, multivariate techniques followed by regression modeling. Result: Overall level of knowledge was observed poor (67.3%) among more than half of BSc nursing students. A greater part of nursing students got poor knowledge on the preventive measures to reduce transmission of COVID 19 (98.7%;40.20±12.39) & management of COVID 19 (94.7%;40.20±12.39). In terms of predicting the causes of poor knowledge, this study found that BSc nursing students of the second year (AOR= 2.53, p < 0.01) are more likely to have poor knowledge on COVID-19 compared to another educational group. Conclusion: Nurses are the frontiers to mitigate COVID-19 and manage the affected people effectively. Therefore, knowledge of them needs to be perfect to ensure the proper practice to prevent COVID-19. Thus, an enthusiastic and demonstrative learning system is required to make them knowledgeable enough against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76086938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17351
{"title":"A Study of Interpretation of Mantoux Test in Pediatrics age Group (5-18 Years of Age)","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81243227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine, compare the Cg-A levels in saliva and plasma in periodontal healthy, in patients with periodontal disease and correlate the same with the stress factor. Materials and Methods: The study involved thirty subjects. There were categorized into three groups with Group I (10 subjects with healthy periodontal status), Group II (10 subjects with mild to moderate periodontitis) and Group III (10 subjects with severe periodontitis). The clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival bleeding index, clinical attachment loss and probing depth were recorded. Stress was measured using Holme and Rahe stress rating scale. Blood and Saliva sample were collected and Serum Plasma and Saliva CgA levels evaluated using ELISA. The data obtained from all the three groups were analyzed using SPSS Systat 12 software. The mean variables between the three groups were analysed using Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation between the variables and the stress scores was assessed by Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The results of the study showed significantly higher CgA levels in saliva and plasma of patients with severe periodontitis compared with moderate periodontitis and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between stress scores and Salivary, Serum CgA levels and all clinical parameters. Conclusion: A significant association between elevated Cg A levels in saliva and plasma with periodontal disease was present in our study. The results suggest that Salivary and Plasma Cg A can be considered as a useful biomarker for evaluating etiopathogenesis of Periodontitis.
{"title":"Chromogranin A - A New Panorama for Chronic Periodontitis and Psychosocial Stress","authors":"Narayane Ramkumar, Rajasekar, Srinivasan, Hanumanth","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17320","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study is to determine, compare the Cg-A levels in saliva and plasma in periodontal healthy, in patients with periodontal disease and correlate the same with the stress factor. Materials and Methods: The study involved thirty subjects. There were categorized into three groups with Group I (10 subjects with healthy periodontal status), Group II (10 subjects with mild to moderate periodontitis) and Group III (10 subjects with severe periodontitis). The clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival bleeding index, clinical attachment loss and probing depth were recorded. Stress was measured using Holme and Rahe stress rating scale. Blood and Saliva sample were collected and Serum Plasma and Saliva CgA levels evaluated using ELISA. The data obtained from all the three groups were analyzed using SPSS Systat 12 software. The mean variables between the three groups were analysed using Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation between the variables and the stress scores was assessed by Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The results of the study showed significantly higher CgA levels in saliva and plasma of patients with severe periodontitis compared with moderate periodontitis and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between stress scores and Salivary, Serum CgA levels and all clinical parameters. Conclusion: A significant association between elevated Cg A levels in saliva and plasma with periodontal disease was present in our study. The results suggest that Salivary and Plasma Cg A can be considered as a useful biomarker for evaluating etiopathogenesis of Periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90645725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17374
L. N. Sinha, S. Bodat, D. Kaur, D. Tanwar, A. Deep, A. Mathur, N. Mathur
Introduction: Contact tracing commenced in districts of Western Rajasthan in March 2020 to control the spread of Covid-19.It was an ongoing process involving isolation and sampling of contacts. Multi department Quick and Rapid response teams (Q/RRT) worked continuously as the pandemic passed through different stages. The objectives of the study was to compare the challenges faced during contact tracing and document good practices in place. Methods: A cross –sectional study was done among contact tracers using a semi structured questionnaire in Google forms in three districts of Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer. Keeping power of study at 80%, 5% error and 95% confidence interval, assuming 50% prevalence of effective contact tracing and 10 % non-response total 400, i.e 133 participants from each district. Results: Major challenges faced by tracers were resistance to contact sampling (64%)lack of training (49%), and random sampling workload (47%). Overall 36% of contacts had downloaded the Aarogya setu app but among them only 68% were using the app. Trainings, workload distribution and inter-sectoral coordination was best in Jodhpur, Barmer and Pali respectively. Conclusions: Trainings helped in better field management of resistance to sampling among contacts. Excessive workload of lab technicians lead to errors in reporting. Transport for sampling of contacts was a challenge in remote areas. The Aarogya setu app was not used by all contacts. Regular feedback meetings by local administration helped in effective contact tracing.
{"title":"Challenges in Contact Tracing and Sampling in Three Districts of Western Rajasthan during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"L. N. Sinha, S. Bodat, D. Kaur, D. Tanwar, A. Deep, A. Mathur, N. Mathur","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17374","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Contact tracing commenced in districts of Western Rajasthan in March 2020 to control the spread of Covid-19.It was an ongoing process involving isolation and sampling of contacts. Multi department Quick and Rapid response teams (Q/RRT) worked continuously as the pandemic passed through different stages. The objectives of the study was to compare the challenges faced during contact tracing and document good practices in place. Methods: A cross –sectional study was done among contact tracers using a semi structured questionnaire in Google forms in three districts of Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer. Keeping power of study at 80%, 5% error and 95% confidence interval, assuming 50% prevalence of effective contact tracing and 10 % non-response total 400, i.e 133 participants from each district. Results: Major challenges faced by tracers were resistance to contact sampling (64%)lack of training (49%), and random sampling workload (47%). Overall 36% of contacts had downloaded the Aarogya setu app but among them only 68% were using the app. Trainings, workload distribution and inter-sectoral coordination was best in Jodhpur, Barmer and Pali respectively. Conclusions: Trainings helped in better field management of resistance to sampling among contacts. Excessive workload of lab technicians lead to errors in reporting. Transport for sampling of contacts was a challenge in remote areas. The Aarogya setu app was not used by all contacts. Regular feedback meetings by local administration helped in effective contact tracing.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78557267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17372
Shalinder Sabherwal, I. Sood, Shantanu Gupta, Naval Chauhan
Background: Delivery of healthcare services needs to be rooted in frameworks supporting community engagement. Our organization delivers primary eyecare through two different models. These case studies quantitatively analyse the impact of community collaboration on the effectiveness of these models-camps and vision centres. Methods: Camp data from two rural blocks of north India comparing first year of operations in 2016 with that of 2017; April-September 2017 data from two underperforming vision centreswas compared to data from same period in 2018.Natural interventions in camps included visits of local leaders to surgical centre, health talks spreading awareness regarding eyecare plusour organization, and local partners helping counsel patients, while for vision centres,staff was trained to conduct regular health talks and meetings in nearby villages. For camps, before and after data on attendance, proportion of people over 50, proportion of people getting operated among those advised and acquisition cost were analysed,for vision centres referral from these centres wereanalysed. Results: Parameters for both models showed improvement inthe second year. Conclusion: Sustained presence in the community and collaboration with local stakeholders increases effectiveness of service delivery at primary level.
{"title":"Community Engagement as a Tool for Improving Efficiency of Primary Eye Care Delivery: Case Studies from Two Different Models","authors":"Shalinder Sabherwal, I. Sood, Shantanu Gupta, Naval Chauhan","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17372","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delivery of healthcare services needs to be rooted in frameworks supporting community engagement. Our organization delivers primary eyecare through two different models. These case studies quantitatively analyse the impact of community collaboration on the effectiveness of these models-camps and vision centres. Methods: Camp data from two rural blocks of north India comparing first year of operations in 2016 with that of 2017; April-September 2017 data from two underperforming vision centreswas compared to data from same period in 2018.Natural interventions in camps included visits of local leaders to surgical centre, health talks spreading awareness regarding eyecare plusour organization, and local partners helping counsel patients, while for vision centres,staff was trained to conduct regular health talks and meetings in nearby villages. For camps, before and after data on attendance, proportion of people over 50, proportion of people getting operated among those advised and acquisition cost were analysed,for vision centres referral from these centres wereanalysed. Results: Parameters for both models showed improvement inthe second year. Conclusion: Sustained presence in the community and collaboration with local stakeholders increases effectiveness of service delivery at primary level.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80677949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17363
P. Jaiswal, K. Verma, Sukla Debbarma
Objective: To study the prevalence of thyroid disorders and its correlation with menstrual disorders. Methods: 100 women aged between 15 and 45 years who attended gyne OPD in Sraswathi medical college, U.P, were included for this cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 50 patients presented with menstrual complaints. The control group consisted of 50 women of same age group with complaints other than menstrual disorders. Thyroid function tests, anti-TPO antibody estimation, and endometrial sampling were done in all patients. Results: In patients with menstrual disorders, 44 % had thyroid disorders in which subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 20 %, overt hypothyroidism in 14 %, and overt hyperthyroidism in 8 % of the women. Autoimmune thyroid antibodies were present in 30 % patients of women with menstrual disorders. On endometrial sampling, hypothyroid patients mainly had proliferative endometrium (42.85 %) whereas hyperthyroid had atrophic endometrium (60 %). Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction is an important causative etiology of menstrual abnormalities. Assessment of thyroid function should be done in all patients with menstrual disorders to avoid unnecessary interventions like curettage and hysterectomy.
{"title":"Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding","authors":"P. Jaiswal, K. Verma, Sukla Debbarma","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v13i1.17363","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the prevalence of thyroid disorders and its correlation with menstrual disorders. Methods: 100 women aged between 15 and 45 years who attended gyne OPD in Sraswathi medical college, U.P, were included for this cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 50 patients presented with menstrual complaints. The control group consisted of 50 women of same age group with complaints other than menstrual disorders. Thyroid function tests, anti-TPO antibody estimation, and endometrial sampling were done in all patients. Results: In patients with menstrual disorders, 44 % had thyroid disorders in which subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 20 %, overt hypothyroidism in 14 %, and overt hyperthyroidism in 8 % of the women. Autoimmune thyroid antibodies were present in 30 % patients of women with menstrual disorders. On endometrial sampling, hypothyroid patients mainly had proliferative endometrium (42.85 %) whereas hyperthyroid had atrophic endometrium (60 %). Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction is an important causative etiology of menstrual abnormalities. Assessment of thyroid function should be done in all patients with menstrual disorders to avoid unnecessary interventions like curettage and hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81371143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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