Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19795
Background: Hemoglobin disorders are the leading health concern in the World including India. Effective screeningprograms, awareness campaign and proper prenatal diagnosis are the only ways to eradicate the disease. Verysparse data are available on the spectrum of haemoglobinopathies in the central part of Gujarat state. Hence, thisstudy was undertaken to find out the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies among the students of Anand People’sMedicare Society, Anand District, Gujarat, India.Methods: In this prospective study, total 2195 students were screened for haemoglobinopathies after takingclinical and familial history. A complete hemogram report was obtained by an automated hematology counterand hemoglobin variants were quantitated by performing HPLC on Bio-Rad Variant II. The prevalence ofhemoglobinopathies was 7.06%, which includes β-thalassemia trait (2.73 %), sickle cell trait (3.82%), homozygoussickle cell disease (0.09%), Hb D trait (0.22%), Hb E (0.09%) trait and other haemoglobinopathies (0.08%).Conclusion: Population groups with high gene frequency of haemoglobinopathies requires a routine premaritalscreening program, awareness and education for identification, prevention of high-risk marriages and birth ofthalassemic homozygotes.
{"title":"Prevalence of Haemoglobinopathy among Young College Students in Anand-Gujarat: A Premarital Screening Program for Carrier Detection of Hemoglobin Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19795","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemoglobin disorders are the leading health concern in the World including India. Effective screeningprograms, awareness campaign and proper prenatal diagnosis are the only ways to eradicate the disease. Verysparse data are available on the spectrum of haemoglobinopathies in the central part of Gujarat state. Hence, thisstudy was undertaken to find out the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies among the students of Anand People’sMedicare Society, Anand District, Gujarat, India.Methods: In this prospective study, total 2195 students were screened for haemoglobinopathies after takingclinical and familial history. A complete hemogram report was obtained by an automated hematology counterand hemoglobin variants were quantitated by performing HPLC on Bio-Rad Variant II. The prevalence ofhemoglobinopathies was 7.06%, which includes β-thalassemia trait (2.73 %), sickle cell trait (3.82%), homozygoussickle cell disease (0.09%), Hb D trait (0.22%), Hb E (0.09%) trait and other haemoglobinopathies (0.08%).Conclusion: Population groups with high gene frequency of haemoglobinopathies requires a routine premaritalscreening program, awareness and education for identification, prevention of high-risk marriages and birth ofthalassemic homozygotes.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19766
A descriptive study on surgical case profile related to socio demographic and clinical aspects was conductedin a tertiary care teaching hospital Hyderabad, Telangana. This was a retrospective and record based study. Atotal of 885 case sheets were collected from Medical record department among which 488 were males and 397were females. In-patient surgical case sheets were collected from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022 for a period ofone year after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Absolute professional secrecy wasmaintained. All inpatient case sheets from department of Surgery were collected from the medical records andconsidered for this study. The study results were evaluated and analyzed by SPSS software.We found that highest number of patients admitted was in the age group of 31 to 50 years. Co- morbid conditionslike hypertension and diabetes (23.9%) was associated with surgical conditions. Majority of patients were fromurban locality (62.7%). Pain abdomen (36.3%) followed by swelling both inflammatory and tumor (35.5%) werethe common clinical presentations at the time of admission. Highest cases of surgical conditions in our study wereinflammatory swellings (17.9%), followed by benign tumors (17%), hernias(12.4%), appendicitis 9.2%, cholecystitisand cholelithiasis (9%), acid peptic diseases (7.2%) and renal calculi contributing 6.3%. Of the malignant conditions(3.16%) noticed, carcinoma of breast was common in females and oral cancers were commonest in males. Inguinalhernias were common in males and incisional hernias were common in females. Highest number of cholecystitisand cholelithiasis were observed in female population. Mean hospital stay was 6 days in our study. Most of thecases were reported in rainy season and treated conservatively (50.7%), very least genetic predisposition (0.4%)was observed in the study population. Study results were similar when compared with other studies conductedin India and abroad.
{"title":"A Socio-demographic and Clinical Study on Surgical Cases in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Suraram, Hyderabad","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19766","url":null,"abstract":"A descriptive study on surgical case profile related to socio demographic and clinical aspects was conductedin a tertiary care teaching hospital Hyderabad, Telangana. This was a retrospective and record based study. Atotal of 885 case sheets were collected from Medical record department among which 488 were males and 397were females. In-patient surgical case sheets were collected from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022 for a period ofone year after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Absolute professional secrecy wasmaintained. All inpatient case sheets from department of Surgery were collected from the medical records andconsidered for this study. The study results were evaluated and analyzed by SPSS software.We found that highest number of patients admitted was in the age group of 31 to 50 years. Co- morbid conditionslike hypertension and diabetes (23.9%) was associated with surgical conditions. Majority of patients were fromurban locality (62.7%). Pain abdomen (36.3%) followed by swelling both inflammatory and tumor (35.5%) werethe common clinical presentations at the time of admission. Highest cases of surgical conditions in our study wereinflammatory swellings (17.9%), followed by benign tumors (17%), hernias(12.4%), appendicitis 9.2%, cholecystitisand cholelithiasis (9%), acid peptic diseases (7.2%) and renal calculi contributing 6.3%. Of the malignant conditions(3.16%) noticed, carcinoma of breast was common in females and oral cancers were commonest in males. Inguinalhernias were common in males and incisional hernias were common in females. Highest number of cholecystitisand cholelithiasis were observed in female population. Mean hospital stay was 6 days in our study. Most of thecases were reported in rainy season and treated conservatively (50.7%), very least genetic predisposition (0.4%)was observed in the study population. Study results were similar when compared with other studies conductedin India and abroad.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19771
Background: Adolescent is very crucial period of life for growth and development of body and mind. Nutritioninfluences growth and development throughout infancy, childhood and adolescents.Aims: To find out the prevalence of nutritional deficiency disorders and dietary assessment among adolescent agegroup.Materials and Methods: Community based descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among 6 ruralschools of Bankura-I community development block in Bankura district from February to May 2014. With the helpof pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured schedule total 600 adolescent students were interviewed and clinicalexaminations were done.Results: Mean age of study population was 13.2± 2.19 years. 7.0% of pupils were vegetarian and 93.0% was nonvegetarian.More than one fourth students consumed fast food /junk foods ≥ 3 serving/ week in this study. Total442 students were eligible for mid-day meal. Out of that 5.7% student did not take mid-day meal from their school.Iron folic acid (IFA) tablet was given only to girl students. 55.6% girls consumed IFA tab but rest did not consumeIFA tablets. Pallor was detected clinically in 33.5% of adolescents.Conclusions: School based as well as Community-based adolescent-friendly health and nutrition education andservices and economic development may improve the overall health and nutritional knowledge and status ofadolescents.
{"title":"Assessment of the Nutritional Disorders among School Going Adolescents in Rural Bankura District of West Bengal: A Cross-Sessional Study","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19771","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent is very crucial period of life for growth and development of body and mind. Nutritioninfluences growth and development throughout infancy, childhood and adolescents.Aims: To find out the prevalence of nutritional deficiency disorders and dietary assessment among adolescent agegroup.Materials and Methods: Community based descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among 6 ruralschools of Bankura-I community development block in Bankura district from February to May 2014. With the helpof pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured schedule total 600 adolescent students were interviewed and clinicalexaminations were done.Results: Mean age of study population was 13.2± 2.19 years. 7.0% of pupils were vegetarian and 93.0% was nonvegetarian.More than one fourth students consumed fast food /junk foods ≥ 3 serving/ week in this study. Total442 students were eligible for mid-day meal. Out of that 5.7% student did not take mid-day meal from their school.Iron folic acid (IFA) tablet was given only to girl students. 55.6% girls consumed IFA tab but rest did not consumeIFA tablets. Pallor was detected clinically in 33.5% of adolescents.Conclusions: School based as well as Community-based adolescent-friendly health and nutrition education andservices and economic development may improve the overall health and nutritional knowledge and status ofadolescents.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19799
Cytological study of fluids is an inexpensive, simple procedure and has significant utility in diagnosingneoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The cytological examination of fluids in combination with physicalexamination helps identify aetiologic agents, follow the natural process of the disease and monitor the responseto the treatment.Aim: To determine the diagnostic utility of serosal fluid cytology and analyse the incidence of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions using serous fluid cytology.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 311 cases conducted in a tertiarycare hospital. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. All the patients with pleural effusions,ascites or in whom Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), pericardial and synovial fluids examination was indicated wereincluded. The provisional diagnosis was obtained from case sheets, including relevant clinical information. Smearswere prepared from freshly tapped specimens without adding anticoagulants and were processed by routine,conventional smear technique. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Numericalvariables were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used wherever necessary, and thep-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The peritoneal fluid was the most common fluid collected in the present study, followed by pleural fluidand CSF. The malignancy rate in the present study was 19 (10.4%) of peritoneal fluid, 6 (5.9%) for pleural fluid,and 2 (4.1%) for CSF.Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in this study, which was in concordancewith the research conducted earlier, where gold standard investigations confirmed the findings. In the peritonealfluid, most of the patients had cirrhosis and tuberculosis. In pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, most of them hadtuberculosis and chronic inflammatory conditions, respectively. Previous researchers confirmed similar findingsin their studies. It is seen that malignant and benign conditions like tuberculosis can be diagnosed well witheffusion cytology.
{"title":"Importance of Serosal Fluid Cytology as an Aid to Primary Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19799","url":null,"abstract":"Cytological study of fluids is an inexpensive, simple procedure and has significant utility in diagnosingneoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The cytological examination of fluids in combination with physicalexamination helps identify aetiologic agents, follow the natural process of the disease and monitor the responseto the treatment.Aim: To determine the diagnostic utility of serosal fluid cytology and analyse the incidence of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions using serous fluid cytology.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 311 cases conducted in a tertiarycare hospital. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. All the patients with pleural effusions,ascites or in whom Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), pericardial and synovial fluids examination was indicated wereincluded. The provisional diagnosis was obtained from case sheets, including relevant clinical information. Smearswere prepared from freshly tapped specimens without adding anticoagulants and were processed by routine,conventional smear technique. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Numericalvariables were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used wherever necessary, and thep-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The peritoneal fluid was the most common fluid collected in the present study, followed by pleural fluidand CSF. The malignancy rate in the present study was 19 (10.4%) of peritoneal fluid, 6 (5.9%) for pleural fluid,and 2 (4.1%) for CSF.Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in this study, which was in concordancewith the research conducted earlier, where gold standard investigations confirmed the findings. In the peritonealfluid, most of the patients had cirrhosis and tuberculosis. In pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, most of them hadtuberculosis and chronic inflammatory conditions, respectively. Previous researchers confirmed similar findingsin their studies. It is seen that malignant and benign conditions like tuberculosis can be diagnosed well witheffusion cytology.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135749062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19765
Background: Common mental disorders are severe and frequent co-morbid psychiatric illnesses with epilepsy.Different study findings across the world showed that patients with epilepsy have a higher burden of mentaldisorders than the general population. However, these issues in patients with epilepsy have been consistentlyundiagnosed.Objectives: The study aimed to screen common mental disorders and the determinants among patients withepilepsy.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with Epilepsy from March10 to May 15, 2021. Patients were assessed for the risk of common mental disorders using a pretested, structured,self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 software andanalyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics were computed using frequency, percent, mean,and standard deviations. A simple logistic regression model was fit to identify the association and strength ofexploratory variables and common mental disorders at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05.Results: The study included 202 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and yielded a response of 91.4%. About 53%of the patients were males. The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy was 57.9%(95% CI: 44.56, 71.24). Being more than one substance user (AOR = 5.7; 95%CI: 1.6, 20.7) and Not having socialsupport (AOR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.5, 11.9) were the identified determinants of common mental disorders.Conclusion: The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy were high. Not havingsocial support and khat chewing were the identified risk factors significantly associated with common mentaldisorders. Early screening and treatments are the key interventions to prevent complications and deaths fromcommon mental disorders.
{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Level Care Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19765","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Common mental disorders are severe and frequent co-morbid psychiatric illnesses with epilepsy.Different study findings across the world showed that patients with epilepsy have a higher burden of mentaldisorders than the general population. However, these issues in patients with epilepsy have been consistentlyundiagnosed.Objectives: The study aimed to screen common mental disorders and the determinants among patients withepilepsy.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with Epilepsy from March10 to May 15, 2021. Patients were assessed for the risk of common mental disorders using a pretested, structured,self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 software andanalyzed using R version 4.0 software. Descriptive statistics were computed using frequency, percent, mean,and standard deviations. A simple logistic regression model was fit to identify the association and strength ofexploratory variables and common mental disorders at a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05.Results: The study included 202 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and yielded a response of 91.4%. About 53%of the patients were males. The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy was 57.9%(95% CI: 44.56, 71.24). Being more than one substance user (AOR = 5.7; 95%CI: 1.6, 20.7) and Not having socialsupport (AOR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.5, 11.9) were the identified determinants of common mental disorders.Conclusion: The magnitude of common mental disorders among patients with epilepsy were high. Not havingsocial support and khat chewing were the identified risk factors significantly associated with common mentaldisorders. Early screening and treatments are the key interventions to prevent complications and deaths fromcommon mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135749692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19801
Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are both chronic heterogeneous disorders, with an overlappingepidemiology of prevalence, health care and social costs in quality of life. Both are inflammatory disorders with asimilar pathophysiology and vitamin D has a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of serum vitamin D in patients withsymptomatic allergic rhinitis and active asthma during the allergy season and observe the effect of montelukast10 mg daily as treatment.Materials and methods: This study included 130 asthmatic and seasonal allergic rhinitis patients following asingle-blind, placebo run-in period of 3 days–5 days, patients were randomized to oral montelukast 10 mg (n = 68)or placebo (n = 62) daily during the 2-week, double-blind, active-treatment period. The serum vitamin D was alsoevaluated in both the groups.Results: The serum vitamin D levels were found to be higher in patients taking monteleukast compared to placeboafter 2 weeks (p< 0.001). Montelukast reduced the Total Nasal symptoms score which includes Daytime nasalsymptoms and Nighttime symptoms compared to placebo after 2 weeks (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Montelukastprovides significant relief from symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, while also conferring a benefit for asthma,in patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Further, it has a beneficial role in improving vitamin D levels.
{"title":"Role of Montelukast on Vitamin D Levels in Asthma and Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis in Eastern India","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19801","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are both chronic heterogeneous disorders, with an overlappingepidemiology of prevalence, health care and social costs in quality of life. Both are inflammatory disorders with asimilar pathophysiology and vitamin D has a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease.Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of serum vitamin D in patients withsymptomatic allergic rhinitis and active asthma during the allergy season and observe the effect of montelukast10 mg daily as treatment.Materials and methods: This study included 130 asthmatic and seasonal allergic rhinitis patients following asingle-blind, placebo run-in period of 3 days–5 days, patients were randomized to oral montelukast 10 mg (n = 68)or placebo (n = 62) daily during the 2-week, double-blind, active-treatment period. The serum vitamin D was alsoevaluated in both the groups.Results: The serum vitamin D levels were found to be higher in patients taking monteleukast compared to placeboafter 2 weeks (p< 0.001). Montelukast reduced the Total Nasal symptoms score which includes Daytime nasalsymptoms and Nighttime symptoms compared to placebo after 2 weeks (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Montelukastprovides significant relief from symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, while also conferring a benefit for asthma,in patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Further, it has a beneficial role in improving vitamin D levels.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19764
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic that invaded the world in 2020, caused morethan 70 million cases and exceeded a million and a half deaths worldwide by the end of the year. Age and sex havebeen identified as two of the prominent risk factors in COVID-19 deaths. Early epidemiological studies conductedin China, India, and Iran revealed that fewer females were infected by SARS-CoV2(4-9).It is imperative for national governments to identify which population members are at high risk of becoming illor more likely to die. This analysis emphasizes the early epidemiological features of COVID-19 cases in the OPDin order to guide to policy decisions on the health, commercial, social, and economic fronts in case of any futuresurge in Covid cases.Methods: The data collected during contact tracing (urban and rural ) and hospital admissions during the periods:February 2020 to October 2020 (first wave) and April 2021 to June 2021 (second wave) and December 2021 toFebruary 2022 (Third wave) were analyzed for demographics and other characteristics.Present study shows that frequency of positive case is more in rural people in age group II (15-50 years) than urbanpeople. Male case is higher in rural areas and female cases are higher in urban areas, hospital admission and ICUadmission were higher in rural people while death was reported higher in urban areas.Better targeting of interventions may help to limit expensive interventions such as intensive care admissions andavoid deaths. To create an efficient, equitable response to the pandemic, especially in countries where resourcesare limited awareness of the roles of gender, age and geography in the outbreak are imperative.
{"title":"Study of the Characteristics of Positive Contacts and Hospitalized Cases in Multiple Waves of the Covid -19 Pandemic in Pali District of Western Rajasthan: A Secondary Data Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19764","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic that invaded the world in 2020, caused morethan 70 million cases and exceeded a million and a half deaths worldwide by the end of the year. Age and sex havebeen identified as two of the prominent risk factors in COVID-19 deaths. Early epidemiological studies conductedin China, India, and Iran revealed that fewer females were infected by SARS-CoV2(4-9).It is imperative for national governments to identify which population members are at high risk of becoming illor more likely to die. This analysis emphasizes the early epidemiological features of COVID-19 cases in the OPDin order to guide to policy decisions on the health, commercial, social, and economic fronts in case of any futuresurge in Covid cases.Methods: The data collected during contact tracing (urban and rural ) and hospital admissions during the periods:February 2020 to October 2020 (first wave) and April 2021 to June 2021 (second wave) and December 2021 toFebruary 2022 (Third wave) were analyzed for demographics and other characteristics.Present study shows that frequency of positive case is more in rural people in age group II (15-50 years) than urbanpeople. Male case is higher in rural areas and female cases are higher in urban areas, hospital admission and ICUadmission were higher in rural people while death was reported higher in urban areas.Better targeting of interventions may help to limit expensive interventions such as intensive care admissions andavoid deaths. To create an efficient, equitable response to the pandemic, especially in countries where resourcesare limited awareness of the roles of gender, age and geography in the outbreak are imperative.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135749914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19798
Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulinor when the body cannot effectively use its insulin. According to the World Health Organization report, India todayheads the world with over 32 million diabetic patients, and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million bythe year 2030. Recent surveys indicate that diabetes now affects a staggering 16% of the urban population and 5-8%of the rural population in India.Objectives: To study the diabetic profile & to assess knowledge about Diabetes mellitus among diabetic patientsof Rural field practice areas.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Rural health Training Centre, Ukkali, under thedepartment of Community Medicine, among the diabetic patients attending the Diabetic clinic for a period of sixmonths. A Pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic profile of patients,profile of diabetes & knowledge about diabetes mellitus.Results: A total of 110 diabetic patients with a mean age of 66yrs ± 6 (M 52%, F 48%) showed irregularity intreatment due to the cost of treatment & frequent changing of treatment providers (40%). The majority of patientsthink that eating excess sugar causes diabetes (72%), it runs in the family (48%) & around 60% are not having anyidea about hypoglycemia. Overall knowledge found was poor.Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness about chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus among peopleby strengthening the IEC activities in PHCs, RHTCs & Private hospitals because this will reduce the suffering ofpeople not only physically but also economically.
{"title":"To Assess the Knowledge & Practice about Diabetes Mellitus among Diabetic Patients of Rural Field Practice Area, North Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19798","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulinor when the body cannot effectively use its insulin. According to the World Health Organization report, India todayheads the world with over 32 million diabetic patients, and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million bythe year 2030. Recent surveys indicate that diabetes now affects a staggering 16% of the urban population and 5-8%of the rural population in India.Objectives: To study the diabetic profile & to assess knowledge about Diabetes mellitus among diabetic patientsof Rural field practice areas.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Rural health Training Centre, Ukkali, under thedepartment of Community Medicine, among the diabetic patients attending the Diabetic clinic for a period of sixmonths. A Pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic profile of patients,profile of diabetes & knowledge about diabetes mellitus.Results: A total of 110 diabetic patients with a mean age of 66yrs ± 6 (M 52%, F 48%) showed irregularity intreatment due to the cost of treatment & frequent changing of treatment providers (40%). The majority of patientsthink that eating excess sugar causes diabetes (72%), it runs in the family (48%) & around 60% are not having anyidea about hypoglycemia. Overall knowledge found was poor.Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness about chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus among peopleby strengthening the IEC activities in PHCs, RHTCs & Private hospitals because this will reduce the suffering ofpeople not only physically but also economically.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135750838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19769
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, feedback is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source, or the return to a portion of a machine, system, or process’s output. Feedback is an essential component of the learning and development process for students. Among the most important forms of teacher-learner interaction is feedback. Medical educators have identified feedback as one of the primary catalysts needed to improve performance. Feedback on effectiveness should be provided immediately after students have observed performance behavior. Feedback is at the heart of medical education in the promotion of learning and the achievement of objectives. This paper investigates the significance of feedback in the learning experience, as well as feedback obstacles andpractical feedback guidelines.
{"title":"Clinical Based Feedback","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19769","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, feedback is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source, or the return to a portion of a machine, system, or process’s output. Feedback is an essential component of the learning and development process for students. Among the most important forms of teacher-learner interaction is feedback. Medical educators have identified feedback as one of the primary catalysts needed to improve performance. Feedback on effectiveness should be provided immediately after students have observed performance behavior. Feedback is at the heart of medical education in the promotion of learning and the achievement of objectives. This paper investigates the significance of feedback in the learning experience, as well as feedback obstacles andpractical feedback guidelines.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19792
Background: The prevalence and causes of intra cranial arterial stenosis in adults’ stroke patients is largelyunknown. Hence it has become a great clinical challenge for Neuro-physician, neurosurgeon and radiologist tofind out the aetiologies of intra cranial arterial stenosis.Method: 100 patients of aged between 25 to 60 years were selected for study. Their past history and clinicalmanifestations were noted TCD examination was performed with portable machine (multi-drop (R) + DWL),which is a 2MHz power motion single channel TCD, MCA was approached through temporal windows by use ofstandard protocol. stenosis of arteries were defined by the peak systolic flow velocity more than 140 cm/sec forMCA.Results: The highest clinical manifestation was HTN 75%, followed by DM 58%, obesity 52% and hyper cholestremia48%, smoker 38%, CAD 32% and least was PVD 2%. In odds ratio study HTN was highest 8.5, followed by CADratio was 6 and least ratio was alcoholics 1.6.Conclusion: The present study revealed the aggravating factor like HTN, DM, and CAD. Atherosclerosis causesstenosis of MCA and peak systolic velocity more than 140 mc/sec for MCA. Hence the patients having suchclinical manifestations will be more prone for stenosis of MCA.
{"title":"Prevalence of Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis in Bihar Population (A Trans-cranial Doppler Study)","authors":"","doi":"10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v14i4.19792","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence and causes of intra cranial arterial stenosis in adults’ stroke patients is largelyunknown. Hence it has become a great clinical challenge for Neuro-physician, neurosurgeon and radiologist tofind out the aetiologies of intra cranial arterial stenosis.Method: 100 patients of aged between 25 to 60 years were selected for study. Their past history and clinicalmanifestations were noted TCD examination was performed with portable machine (multi-drop (R) + DWL),which is a 2MHz power motion single channel TCD, MCA was approached through temporal windows by use ofstandard protocol. stenosis of arteries were defined by the peak systolic flow velocity more than 140 cm/sec forMCA.Results: The highest clinical manifestation was HTN 75%, followed by DM 58%, obesity 52% and hyper cholestremia48%, smoker 38%, CAD 32% and least was PVD 2%. In odds ratio study HTN was highest 8.5, followed by CADratio was 6 and least ratio was alcoholics 1.6.Conclusion: The present study revealed the aggravating factor like HTN, DM, and CAD. Atherosclerosis causesstenosis of MCA and peak systolic velocity more than 140 mc/sec for MCA. Hence the patients having suchclinical manifestations will be more prone for stenosis of MCA.","PeriodicalId":13368,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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