Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.165-172
M. B. Pratama, V. Venugopal, Harman Ajiwibowo, Juventus Welly Radianta Ginting, F. Novico
In the past years, Indonesian people put more attention to Sunda Strait located between Java and Sumatra Islands, one of the busiest straits occupied with residential, recreational, fisheries, transportation, industrial and mining activities. Previous works on numerical modelling of tidal flow hydrodynamics of the Sunda Strait have resulted in good agreement against field data; however, the calibration of the models used was not described in detail. This paper presents the process of setting up the model, extensive calibration, validation and prediction of tidal currents for the Sunda Strait. A two-dimensional tidal-driven model is constructed using Delft3D, an open-source developed by Deltares. Four different bathymetry datasets, four different boundary condition configurations, and various bed roughness values are used, and their suitability in predicting tidal water level and current are investigated. It is found that changing the bathymetry and boundary conditions improve the model validation significantly. GEBCO_2019 bathymetry dataset outperforms the Batnas, even though it has a coarser resolution. For boundary conditions, the combination of water level and current velocity results in a better validation compares to using water level or current velocity only. However, the bed roughness shows an insignificant influence in predicting tidal conditions. The averaged current velocity is lower at the Southern than the Northern side of the strait due to a larger cross-section, consequence of deeper water. High tidal currents of magnitude around 2 m.s -1 are seen at the bottleneck of the strait.
{"title":"Modelling Tidal Flow Hydrodynamics of Sunda Strait, Indonesia","authors":"M. B. Pratama, V. Venugopal, Harman Ajiwibowo, Juventus Welly Radianta Ginting, F. Novico","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.165-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.165-172","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years, Indonesian people put more attention to Sunda Strait located between Java and Sumatra Islands, one of the busiest straits occupied with residential, recreational, fisheries, transportation, industrial and mining activities. Previous works on numerical modelling of tidal flow hydrodynamics of the Sunda Strait have resulted in good agreement against field data; however, the calibration of the models used was not described in detail. This paper presents the process of setting up the model, extensive calibration, validation and prediction of tidal currents for the Sunda Strait. A two-dimensional tidal-driven model is constructed using Delft3D, an open-source developed by Deltares. Four different bathymetry datasets, four different boundary condition configurations, and various bed roughness values are used, and their suitability in predicting tidal water level and current are investigated. It is found that changing the bathymetry and boundary conditions improve the model validation significantly. GEBCO_2019 bathymetry dataset outperforms the Batnas, even though it has a coarser resolution. For boundary conditions, the combination of water level and current velocity results in a better validation compares to using water level or current velocity only. However, the bed roughness shows an insignificant influence in predicting tidal conditions. The averaged current velocity is lower at the Southern than the Northern side of the strait due to a larger cross-section, consequence of deeper water. High tidal currents of magnitude around 2 m.s -1 are seen at the bottleneck of the strait.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84090094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.157-164
Nadya Febrianessa, S. Sulistiono, A. Samosir, M. Yokota
Increasing number of industries and settlements in Banten Bay were subsequently followed by an increase in the amount of waste, whether in the form of solid, liquid or gas that can pollute the environment. One of the toxic pollutants is heavy metal.The entry mechanism of the heavy metal Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in body of the crab (Portunus pelagicus), namely through the process of digestion food. This study was conducted for 6 months, from March to August 2019, and aimed to analyze the heavy metal content levels (Pb and Hg) and the safe consumption level of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters. The heavy metal concentration in the meat was measured through the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) AA 7000 series Shimadzu. The analysis showed that the Pb and Hg contained in the blue swimming crab were still under the quality standards. Also, the b io-concentration factors of the blue swimming crab were low (<100) . Water quality data observed as temperature, salinity, TSS, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and transparency stayed in the range of tolerable limits for the survival of marine organisms. Maximum weekly intake calculation refers to the tolerable limits issued by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The JECFA recommends calculating the PTWI of each heavy metal if it accumulates in the human body for methyl mercury 1.6 μg.kg bw.week -1 and for lead not exceed 25 μg.kg bw.week -1 . The safety consumption level of blue swimming crab from Cengkok Coastal water was 2.3 kg of meat.week -1 (for adults) and 0.6 kg of meat.week -1 (for children).
{"title":"Heavy Metal (Pb, Hg) Contained in Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Cengkok Coastal Waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia","authors":"Nadya Febrianessa, S. Sulistiono, A. Samosir, M. Yokota","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.157-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.157-164","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing number of industries and settlements in Banten Bay were subsequently followed by an increase in the amount of waste, whether in the form of solid, liquid or gas that can pollute the environment. One of the toxic pollutants is heavy metal.The entry mechanism of the heavy metal Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in body of the crab (Portunus pelagicus), namely through the process of digestion food. This study was conducted for 6 months, from March to August 2019, and aimed to analyze the heavy metal content levels (Pb and Hg) and the safe consumption level of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters. The heavy metal concentration in the meat was measured through the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) AA 7000 series Shimadzu. The analysis showed that the Pb and Hg contained in the blue swimming crab were still under the quality standards. Also, the b io-concentration factors of the blue swimming crab were low (<100) . Water quality data observed as temperature, salinity, TSS, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and transparency stayed in the range of tolerable limits for the survival of marine organisms. Maximum weekly intake calculation refers to the tolerable limits issued by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The JECFA recommends calculating the PTWI of each heavy metal if it accumulates in the human body for methyl mercury 1.6 μg.kg bw.week -1 and for lead not exceed 25 μg.kg bw.week -1 . The safety consumption level of blue swimming crab from Cengkok Coastal water was 2.3 kg of meat.week -1 (for adults) and 0.6 kg of meat.week -1 (for children).","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87233812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.143-147
Atyaf Mohammed Abdul Mutalib, Sabah M. M. Ameen, A. Mahmood
The main objective for the current research is to determine the linear trends of the mean sea level (MSL) resulting from the influence of the Southern Oscillation of El Nino (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), which have increased in recent times due to increased global warming using satellite altimetry of MSL data. Statistical time series technique has been used. The standard ordinary univariate and bivariate linear regression method as well as Pearson correlation were used. Linear trends for the positive phase of IOD were detected on mean sea level while no linear trends of ENSO were detected in the Arabian Gulf. On the other side, linear trends of the negative phases of IOD and ENSO were detected on mean sea level in the Arabian Sea over the period 1993-2013. It is most important for climate research to provide accurate predictions of sea level rise in the coming years and plan the activities to lessen the disasters before they happen.
{"title":"The Impacts of ENSO and IOD on the MSL of The Arabian Gulf and The Arabian Sea by Using Satellite Altimetry Data","authors":"Atyaf Mohammed Abdul Mutalib, Sabah M. M. Ameen, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.143-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.143-147","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective for the current research is to determine the linear trends of the mean sea level (MSL) resulting from the influence of the Southern Oscillation of El Nino (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), which have increased in recent times due to increased global warming using satellite altimetry of MSL data. Statistical time series technique has been used. The standard ordinary univariate and bivariate linear regression method as well as Pearson correlation were used. Linear trends for the positive phase of IOD were detected on mean sea level while no linear trends of ENSO were detected in the Arabian Gulf. On the other side, linear trends of the negative phases of IOD and ENSO were detected on mean sea level in the Arabian Sea over the period 1993-2013. It is most important for climate research to provide accurate predictions of sea level rise in the coming years and plan the activities to lessen the disasters before they happen.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88444364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.135-142
Felly Moelyadi, P. Utami, Irmawati M. Dikman
The high level of artemisinin resistance as the antimalarial drug makes the active substances found of lollyfish (Holothuria atra) become a very useful discovery as a new antimalarial drug. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibitory effect of the active substances of lollyfish against the development of Plasmodium falciparum with in silico method. This is a one-shot experimental study research. Based on the test of potentially active substances of lollyfish through PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), there are pyrogallol and catechin that have potential as the antimalarial drug. Pyrogallol, chlorogenic acid, catechin dan ascorbic acid have indirect inhibition to P. falciparum Orotidine 5-Monophosphate Decarboxylase (PfOMPDC) through carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and it is visualized by STITCH DB Version 5.0 (http://stitch.embl.de/). The binding affinity score of catechin, obtained from molecular docking, is higher than other substances and artemisinin. The Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic activity of the substance was predicted through SWISS ADME (http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php), while the toxicity was predicted through Pro-Tox (http://tox.charite.de/protox_II/). Catechin is a substance in lollyfish that is the safest because its lowest toxicity and very effective to be used as the antimalarial drug because of its high lethal dose 50 (LD50). Therefore, active substances in lollyfish have inhibitory effects against the development of P. falciparum based on in silico study.
青蒿素作为抗疟药物的高耐药性使得糖鱼(Holothuria atra)的活性物质成为一种非常有用的抗疟新药的发现。本研究的目的是用硅片法研究冰糖鱼的活性物质对恶性疟原虫的抑制作用。这是一项一次性实验研究。通过PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)对棒棒鱼的潜在活性物质进行了测试，发现邻苯三酚和儿茶素有可能成为抗疟疾药物。邻苯三酚、绿原酸、儿茶素和抗坏血酸通过二氧化碳间接抑制恶性疟原虫Orotidine 5-Monophosphate Decarboxylase (PfOMPDC)，并通过STITCH DB Version 5.0 (http://stitch.embl.de/)可视化。通过分子对接得到的儿茶素的结合亲和力评分高于其他物质和青蒿素。通过SWISS ADME (http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php)预测该物质的物理化学和药代动力学活性，通过Pro-Tox (http://tox.charite.de/protox_II/)预测其毒性。儿茶素是糖鱼中最安全的一种物质，因为它的毒性最低，而儿茶素作为抗疟药物是非常有效的，因为它的致死剂量(LD50)很高。因此，通过对冰糖鱼体内活性物质的体外实验，可以看出冰糖鱼体内的活性物质对恶性疟原虫具有抑制作用。
{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Active Substances of Lollyfish (Holothuria atra) Against the Development of Plasmodium falciparum Based on In Silico Study","authors":"Felly Moelyadi, P. Utami, Irmawati M. Dikman","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.135-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.135-142","url":null,"abstract":"The high level of artemisinin resistance as the antimalarial drug makes the active substances found of lollyfish (Holothuria atra) become a very useful discovery as a new antimalarial drug. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibitory effect of the active substances of lollyfish against the development of Plasmodium falciparum with in silico method. This is a one-shot experimental study research. Based on the test of potentially active substances of lollyfish through PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), there are pyrogallol and catechin that have potential as the antimalarial drug. Pyrogallol, chlorogenic acid, catechin dan ascorbic acid have indirect inhibition to P. falciparum Orotidine 5-Monophosphate Decarboxylase (PfOMPDC) through carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and it is visualized by STITCH DB Version 5.0 (http://stitch.embl.de/). The binding affinity score of catechin, obtained from molecular docking, is higher than other substances and artemisinin. The Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic activity of the substance was predicted through SWISS ADME (http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php), while the toxicity was predicted through Pro-Tox (http://tox.charite.de/protox_II/). Catechin is a substance in lollyfish that is the safest because its lowest toxicity and very effective to be used as the antimalarial drug because of its high lethal dose 50 (LD50). Therefore, active substances in lollyfish have inhibitory effects against the development of P. falciparum based on in silico study.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76539664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.148-156
A. Purwandana, M. R. Iskandar
The spatial pattern of energetic aspect related to vertical mixing processes of the water masses in the western tropical Pacific Ocean is characterized in this study. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates and vertical eddy diffusivities in this region are estimated from archived CTD profiles from World Ocean Database (WOD). The dissipation rates are estimated using the improved Thorpe method which considered the canonical Garret-Munk background dissipation rate and the typical lowest value dissipation rate from microstructure measurements, 10 -10 m 2 s -3 . Enhanced dissipation rates of 10 -8 -10 -7 m 2 s -3 were found in the region known as an active area where two Pacific water masses from different sources intersect and strong mesoscale circulations exist while lower dissipation of less than 10 -8 m 2 s -3 was found in the less active regions. A comparison with recent 3D hydrostatic model of M 2 internal tide shows less agreement dissipation rates of the model with the observations, with the decreasing trend of discrepancy towards deeper. This suggested that topography roughness, homogenous stratifications yet lacking of background circulations set in the model were not sufficient to reproduce dissipation in the region with strong background mesoscale circulations. It was indicated that the main contributor for vertical overturning events occurred in this region is due to strong shear instabilities enhanced by background circulations. A direct method estimates using vertical microstructure profiler is suggested to validate this indirect method in the future.
本文研究了热带西太平洋水团垂直混合过程的能量场空间格局。根据世界海洋数据库(World Ocean Database, WOD)的CTD档案资料估算了该区域的湍流动能耗散率和垂直涡扩散率。利用改进的Thorpe方法估计了耗散率，该方法考虑了典型的garrett - munk背景耗散率和微观结构测量的典型低值耗散率，10 -10 m 2 s -3。在两个不同来源的太平洋水团相交并存在强中尺度环流的活跃区，发现10 -8 -10 -7 m²s -3的耗散率增强，而在活跃区发现小于10 -8 m²s -3的耗散率较低。与最近的m2内潮三维水静力模型的比较表明，该模型与观测值的一致耗散率较小，且差异越深越小。这表明，地形粗糙度、均匀分层和模式中背景环流设置的缺乏不足以在背景中尺度环流强的地区再现耗散。结果表明，背景环流增强的强切变不稳定性是该地区垂直翻转事件发生的主要原因。为了进一步验证这种间接方法的有效性，提出了一种利用垂直微观结构剖面仪进行直接估算的方法。
{"title":"Turbulent Mixing Inferred from CTD Datasets in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean","authors":"A. Purwandana, M. R. Iskandar","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.148-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.4.148-156","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial pattern of energetic aspect related to vertical mixing processes of the water masses in the western tropical Pacific Ocean is characterized in this study. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates and vertical eddy diffusivities in this region are estimated from archived CTD profiles from World Ocean Database (WOD). The dissipation rates are estimated using the improved Thorpe method which considered the canonical Garret-Munk background dissipation rate and the typical lowest value dissipation rate from microstructure measurements, 10 -10 m 2 s -3 . Enhanced dissipation rates of 10 -8 -10 -7 m 2 s -3 were found in the region known as an active area where two Pacific water masses from different sources intersect and strong mesoscale circulations exist while lower dissipation of less than 10 -8 m 2 s -3 was found in the less active regions. A comparison with recent 3D hydrostatic model of M 2 internal tide shows less agreement dissipation rates of the model with the observations, with the decreasing trend of discrepancy towards deeper. This suggested that topography roughness, homogenous stratifications yet lacking of background circulations set in the model were not sufficient to reproduce dissipation in the region with strong background mesoscale circulations. It was indicated that the main contributor for vertical overturning events occurred in this region is due to strong shear instabilities enhanced by background circulations. A direct method estimates using vertical microstructure profiler is suggested to validate this indirect method in the future.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75060661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.91-96
D. L. Ningsih, A. Trianto, I. Widowati, Rexie P Magdugo, A. Hurtado, Christel Marty, N. Bourgougnon
Marine algae known as one producers of bioactive compounds. This study aims to analyze the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium tested with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). The polysaccharides extract of algae was used in this study, as sulfated polysaccharides have been reported has bioactivity. Cytotoxicity either antiviral could be correlated with the sulfate content as well as nature and chemical composition of the polysaccharides. Cytotoxicity and antiviral analysis based upon cell viability. Using the Vero cell / HSV-1 model, cytotoxicity was evaluated by incubating cellular suspensions (3.5×10 5 cells.mL -1 ) with various dilutions (concentration from 1 to 500 µg.mL -1 , four wells per concentration) of fractions in 96-well plates (72h, 37°C, 5% CO 2 ) in Eagle's MEM containing 8% FCS. The cells were examined daily under a phase-contrast microscope to determine the minimum concentration of hydrolysate dry matter that induced alterations in cell morphology, including swelling, shrinkage, granularity and detachment. Algae S. illicifolium was found to have the highest cytotoxic content in each solution compared to S. polycystum. Algae S. illicifolium in KOH 4M (cellulose) reached 2,707 µg.ml -1 , then HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 2,477 µg.ml -1 , then CaCl 2 2% (fucoidan) was 2,362 µg.ml -1 , and in Na 2 CO 3 3% (alginates) was 2,134 µg.ml -1 . For antiviral, S. polycystum contained the highest antiviral compounds compared to S. illicifolium with KOH 4M (cellulose) solution was reached 67.02 µg.ml -1 . Then in Na 2 CO 3 3% (alginates) which was 33.25 µg.ml -1 , then CaCl 2 2% (fucoidan) which was 31.62 µg.ml -1 ,and HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 30.08 µg.ml -1 . After all, the highest bioactivity compounds was found with KOH 4M (cellulose) for cytotoxicity in S. ilicifolium and antiviral activity in S. polycystum.
{"title":"The Potential of Cytotoxin and Antiviral in Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium’s Polysaccharides Extract","authors":"D. L. Ningsih, A. Trianto, I. Widowati, Rexie P Magdugo, A. Hurtado, Christel Marty, N. Bourgougnon","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.91-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.91-96","url":null,"abstract":"Marine algae known as one producers of bioactive compounds. This study aims to analyze the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium tested with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). The polysaccharides extract of algae was used in this study, as sulfated polysaccharides have been reported has bioactivity. Cytotoxicity either antiviral could be correlated with the sulfate content as well as nature and chemical composition of the polysaccharides. Cytotoxicity and antiviral analysis based upon cell viability. Using the Vero cell / HSV-1 model, cytotoxicity was evaluated by incubating cellular suspensions (3.5×10 5 cells.mL -1 ) with various dilutions (concentration from 1 to 500 µg.mL -1 , four wells per concentration) of fractions in 96-well plates (72h, 37°C, 5% CO 2 ) in Eagle's MEM containing 8% FCS. The cells were examined daily under a phase-contrast microscope to determine the minimum concentration of hydrolysate dry matter that induced alterations in cell morphology, including swelling, shrinkage, granularity and detachment. Algae S. illicifolium was found to have the highest cytotoxic content in each solution compared to S. polycystum. Algae S. illicifolium in KOH 4M (cellulose) reached 2,707 µg.ml -1 , then HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 2,477 µg.ml -1 , then CaCl 2 2% (fucoidan) was 2,362 µg.ml -1 , and in Na 2 CO 3 3% (alginates) was 2,134 µg.ml -1 . For antiviral, S. polycystum contained the highest antiviral compounds compared to S. illicifolium with KOH 4M (cellulose) solution was reached 67.02 µg.ml -1 . Then in Na 2 CO 3 3% (alginates) which was 33.25 µg.ml -1 , then CaCl 2 2% (fucoidan) which was 31.62 µg.ml -1 ,and HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 30.08 µg.ml -1 . After all, the highest bioactivity compounds was found with KOH 4M (cellulose) for cytotoxicity in S. ilicifolium and antiviral activity in S. polycystum.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.110-114
H. Iromo, Dori Rachmawani, Abdul Jabarsyah, Z. Zainuddin
The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata) , (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopiu m). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05) than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab ( Scylla serrata ).
{"title":"Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)","authors":"H. Iromo, Dori Rachmawani, Abdul Jabarsyah, Z. Zainuddin","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.110-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.110-114","url":null,"abstract":"The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata) , (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopiu m). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05) than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab ( Scylla serrata ).","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.127-134
A. Indarjo, Ga Salim, Fahrizal Amir, S. Supriadi, P. A. Soejarwo, Christine Dyta Nugraeni, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, A. Ambariyanto, M. Firdaus, J. Ransangan
The city of Tarakan, Indonesia, benefits economically from abundant marine biological resources, one of which is the layur fish, known commercially as ribbonfish. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth character of the layur fish (Lepturacanthus savala) obtained from the juata waters of Tarakan City. The method of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the growth of layur fish Lepturacanthus savala in the Juata waters off the coast from the city of Tarakan. Body shape, length, weight, and ratio sex data were collected from sites selected by the purposive sampling method based on trawl fishing catch. Secondary data, collected from interviews of fishing personnel, included the number of catches using trawling gear and trawl fishing location. The length ranges of male from 20,4 to 54,0 cm with an average length of 37,2±16.8 cm (n = 255) and the length ranges of female from 20,5 to 68 cm with an average length of 44,25±23.75 cm (n = 275). The results showed that maximum length of male layur fish was smaller than the maximum length of female fish, which were 59.352 cm at 267 d and 72.638 cm at 315 d, respectively. The result shows a negative allometric growth pattern male and female layur fish was found to be the same and sex ratio of male to female has a ratio of 1,0: 1,8 with a percentage of males at 48.11% and females at 51.89%. The majority of male and female fish exhibited a thin body shape (51,4% of male and 52% of female).
印度尼西亚塔拉干市从丰富的海洋生物资源中获得经济利益，其中一种是鱼，商业上称为丝带鱼。摘要本研究旨在分析塔拉干市华塔水域产鱼的生长特性。本文采用定量和描述性研究的方法，分析了塔拉干市沿岸胡亚塔水域的粗尾鱼(Lepturacanthus savala)的生长情况。以拖网捕捞为基础，采用有目的抽样的方法，在选定的地点收集体型、长度、体重和性别比例等数据。从渔业人员访谈中收集的次要数据包括使用拖网渔具的渔获量和拖网渔捞地点。雄性体长20.4 ~ 55.4 cm，平均体长37.2±16.8 cm (n = 255);雌性体长20.5 ~ 68 cm，平均体长44.25±23.75 cm (n = 275)。结果表明:雄鱼的最大体长小于雌鱼，267 d时为59.352 cm, 315 d时为72.638 cm;结果表明，该鱼呈负异速生长，雌雄性别比为1,0:1,8，其中雄鱼占48.11%，雌鱼占51.89%。大多数雄鱼和雌鱼的体型较瘦(雄鱼51.4%，雌鱼52%)。
{"title":"Growth Characteristics Layur Fish Lepturacanthus savala in Juata Waters, Tarakan, Indonesia","authors":"A. Indarjo, Ga Salim, Fahrizal Amir, S. Supriadi, P. A. Soejarwo, Christine Dyta Nugraeni, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, A. Ambariyanto, M. Firdaus, J. Ransangan","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.127-134","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Tarakan, Indonesia, benefits economically from abundant marine biological resources, one of which is the layur fish, known commercially as ribbonfish. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth character of the layur fish (Lepturacanthus savala) obtained from the juata waters of Tarakan City. The method of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the growth of layur fish Lepturacanthus savala in the Juata waters off the coast from the city of Tarakan. Body shape, length, weight, and ratio sex data were collected from sites selected by the purposive sampling method based on trawl fishing catch. Secondary data, collected from interviews of fishing personnel, included the number of catches using trawling gear and trawl fishing location. The length ranges of male from 20,4 to 54,0 cm with an average length of 37,2±16.8 cm (n = 255) and the length ranges of female from 20,5 to 68 cm with an average length of 44,25±23.75 cm (n = 275). The results showed that maximum length of male layur fish was smaller than the maximum length of female fish, which were 59.352 cm at 267 d and 72.638 cm at 315 d, respectively. The result shows a negative allometric growth pattern male and female layur fish was found to be the same and sex ratio of male to female has a ratio of 1,0: 1,8 with a percentage of males at 48.11% and females at 51.89%. The majority of male and female fish exhibited a thin body shape (51,4% of male and 52% of female).","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80983905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.97-102
F. Rachmawati, Y. Sistina
In general, female eel dominates the results of catching eel in the river. Male fish dare rarely found in nature, therefore masculinization is necessary for obtaining in males. The administration of 17α-methyltestosterone to masculinize Anguilla bicolor McClelland . It is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid which has potential to endocrine disrupter that disturbed function of normal reproduction in human or animal. It urgently needed that a masculinization technique needs to study the use of an environmental factor. Population density is one of the environmental factors that influence gender determination (ESD-environmental dependent sex determination). This will result in increased cortisol secretion, which will further stimulate the synthesis of 11-KT steroids that affect male gonad differentiation. This study aims to induce masculinization in tropical eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in different density. Three treatments and three replicates conducted the research. The treatments were one fish.48 L -1 , two fish.48 L -1 a nd three fish.48 L -1 . Eels size was approximately similar, at 16,78 g±0,62 in weight, and 25,38 cm±0,15 in length were either culture in brackish water for eight weeks . The result s showed that density population treatment significantly i ncrease d the F i n Index ( P < 0.05), but no sign for E y e Index, GSI, HSI, and testosterone level. T he highest m a l e population (77,8%) achieves at t he highest density treatment, three fish.48 L -1 p opulation density. I t can be concluded , based on reproductive observations, population density does not affect gonad maturity/puberty, but t he high population density (3 fish.48 L -1 )stimulates Anguilla bicolor McClelland masculinization.
{"title":"Masculinization of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in Different Population Density","authors":"F. Rachmawati, Y. Sistina","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.97-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.97-102","url":null,"abstract":"In general, female eel dominates the results of catching eel in the river. Male fish dare rarely found in nature, therefore masculinization is necessary for obtaining in males. The administration of 17α-methyltestosterone to masculinize Anguilla bicolor McClelland . It is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid which has potential to endocrine disrupter that disturbed function of normal reproduction in human or animal. It urgently needed that a masculinization technique needs to study the use of an environmental factor. Population density is one of the environmental factors that influence gender determination (ESD-environmental dependent sex determination). This will result in increased cortisol secretion, which will further stimulate the synthesis of 11-KT steroids that affect male gonad differentiation. This study aims to induce masculinization in tropical eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in different density. Three treatments and three replicates conducted the research. The treatments were one fish.48 L -1 , two fish.48 L -1 a nd three fish.48 L -1 . Eels size was approximately similar, at 16,78 g±0,62 in weight, and 25,38 cm±0,15 in length were either culture in brackish water for eight weeks . The result s showed that density population treatment significantly i ncrease d the F i n Index ( P < 0.05), but no sign for E y e Index, GSI, HSI, and testosterone level. T he highest m a l e population (77,8%) achieves at t he highest density treatment, three fish.48 L -1 p opulation density. I t can be concluded , based on reproductive observations, population density does not affect gonad maturity/puberty, but t he high population density (3 fish.48 L -1 )stimulates Anguilla bicolor McClelland masculinization.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85179197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.121-126
A. Faricha, I. N. Edrus, S. Suharti, R. S. Utama, A. Budiyanto, Abdullah Salatalohi, Suyarso Suyarso
The coral reef environment has a strong influence on associated organisms such as fishes, mollusks, and others. Wherein, the butterflyfishes are marine fishes which closely associated with the tropic group as dietary specialization i.e. obligate coral feeder, facultative, and generalist. The obligate may respond only to change in preferred corals and not indicate others. However, generalist show in different response in habitat deteriorates and may allow switching feeding to a less preferred one. Many questions remain about food specific at the species level which may potentially as bio-indicator for coral conditions. Here, we studied the species composition among coral coverage. We explore the environmental degradation in Taka Bonerate National Park impact on food resources and fishes especially for butterflyfishes community. This study focused on family Chaetodontidae with UVC method and UPT method for coral cover. This study was carried out at Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi between May and June 2019. There were 342 individuals observed and dominated by Chaetodon kleinii, Hemitaurichthys polylepis, Heniochus chrysostomus, C. lunulatus, C. melannotus, C punctatofasciatus, and Forcipiger flavissimus. However, we found a site with diversity index and coral cover has across conditions. Whilst, these benthic communities mostly dominated by Acropora, which may be preferenced by specific species. Butterflyfishes have several types of foraging tasks and may impact in utilizing the coral reef and other social habitats used. The species composition and abundance of butterflyfishes had relations not only by coral coverage but also benthic compositions. However, factors that regulate its specific species distribution and species compositions are still under study.
{"title":"Relationship Between Species Composition of Butterflyfishes and Coral Cover (Study case: Taka Bonerate National Park)","authors":"A. Faricha, I. N. Edrus, S. Suharti, R. S. Utama, A. Budiyanto, Abdullah Salatalohi, Suyarso Suyarso","doi":"10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.121-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/IK.IJMS.25.3.121-126","url":null,"abstract":"The coral reef environment has a strong influence on associated organisms such as fishes, mollusks, and others. Wherein, the butterflyfishes are marine fishes which closely associated with the tropic group as dietary specialization i.e. obligate coral feeder, facultative, and generalist. The obligate may respond only to change in preferred corals and not indicate others. However, generalist show in different response in habitat deteriorates and may allow switching feeding to a less preferred one. Many questions remain about food specific at the species level which may potentially as bio-indicator for coral conditions. Here, we studied the species composition among coral coverage. We explore the environmental degradation in Taka Bonerate National Park impact on food resources and fishes especially for butterflyfishes community. This study focused on family Chaetodontidae with UVC method and UPT method for coral cover. This study was carried out at Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi between May and June 2019. There were 342 individuals observed and dominated by Chaetodon kleinii, Hemitaurichthys polylepis, Heniochus chrysostomus, C. lunulatus, C. melannotus, C punctatofasciatus, and Forcipiger flavissimus. However, we found a site with diversity index and coral cover has across conditions. Whilst, these benthic communities mostly dominated by Acropora, which may be preferenced by specific species. Butterflyfishes have several types of foraging tasks and may impact in utilizing the coral reef and other social habitats used. The species composition and abundance of butterflyfishes had relations not only by coral coverage but also benthic compositions. However, factors that regulate its specific species distribution and species compositions are still under study.","PeriodicalId":13381,"journal":{"name":"ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78551810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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