Background: Phosphate is an essential nutrient but can be toxic to plants when phosphate accumulates in plants at high levels. The objective of the study was to find effects of excessive application of P and Zn fertilizer on growth and yield of maize under hydroponic conditions. Methods: Research of Experiment studied from August to December 2019 at the greenhouse of the Agriculture and Aquaculture School at Tra Vinh University. The study aimed to determine the effect of high phosphate application on growth, biomass, symptoms of poisoning, phosphate and zinc absorption in maize and vegetables grown in hydroponic solution. Result: Experimental results showed the symptoms of phosphate poisoning on maize when grown in Hoagland nutrient solution (2.0 mM P) with an additional phosphorus content of 0.1 mM P, 1.0 mM P, 3.0 mM P in the treatment with or without the addition of Zn. However, the poisoning symptoms have been yet clearly expressed when Zn was not added. Therefore, plants may exhibit phosphorus toxicity, reducing Zn absorption when the phosphorus concentration in solution was increased by more than 1%P2O5. It is necessary to continue investigating plants’ responses to phosphate fertilizers.
背景：磷酸盐是一种必需的营养元素，但当磷酸盐在植物体内大量积累时，会对植物产生毒性。本研究的目的是了解在水培条件下过量施用磷肥和锌肥对玉米生长和产量的影响。研究方法实验研究于 2019 年 8 月至 12 月在 Tra Vinh 大学农业和水产养殖学院的温室进行。研究旨在确定高磷肥施用量对水培溶液中生长的玉米和蔬菜的生长、生物量、中毒症状、磷酸盐和锌吸收的影响。研究结果实验结果表明，当玉米在霍格兰营养液（2.0 mM P）中生长时，无论是否添加锌，磷含量分别为 0.1 mM P、1.0 mM P、3.0 mM P，玉米都会出现磷酸盐中毒症状。然而，在不添加锌的情况下，中毒症状尚未明显表现出来。因此，当溶液中磷的浓度增加超过 1%P2O5，植物可能会表现出磷中毒，减少对锌的吸收。有必要继续研究植物对磷肥的反应。
{"title":"Effects of Excessive Application of P and Zn Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Maize under Hydroponic Conditions","authors":"P.T.P. Thuy","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-833","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phosphate is an essential nutrient but can be toxic to plants when phosphate accumulates in plants at high levels. The objective of the study was to find effects of excessive application of P and Zn fertilizer on growth and yield of maize under hydroponic conditions. Methods: Research of Experiment studied from August to December 2019 at the greenhouse of the Agriculture and Aquaculture School at Tra Vinh University. The study aimed to determine the effect of high phosphate application on growth, biomass, symptoms of poisoning, phosphate and zinc absorption in maize and vegetables grown in hydroponic solution. Result: Experimental results showed the symptoms of phosphate poisoning on maize when grown in Hoagland nutrient solution (2.0 mM P) with an additional phosphorus content of 0.1 mM P, 1.0 mM P, 3.0 mM P in the treatment with or without the addition of Zn. However, the poisoning symptoms have been yet clearly expressed when Zn was not added. Therefore, plants may exhibit phosphorus toxicity, reducing Zn absorption when the phosphorus concentration in solution was increased by more than 1%P2O5. It is necessary to continue investigating plants’ responses to phosphate fertilizers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"107 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rice is a vital staple food for a large part of the global population and zinc deficiency poses health risks, particularly in rice-dependent regions. Studying genotypic differences in rice seed zinc content is vital for breeding zinc enriched varieties to address malnutrition and enhance food security. In the plant microbe partnership exploring the role of seed bacterial endophytes in influencing the plant physiology holds promise for Zn accumulation contributing to the broader goals of enhancing food quality, nutrition and crop production in a world facing increasing agricultural demands and challenges. Methods: Rice genotypes were surveyed and their seed zinc content was analysed using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Surface sterilization of rice seed samples was performed to isolate endophytic bacteria, involving a series of treatments with distilled water, ethanol and sodium hypochlorite to remove surface microflora. The sterilized seeds were then macerated and diluted to obtain a countable number of colonies, which were subsequently spread-plated on nutrient agar, tryptic soy agar and soil extract agar to enumerate the different nutritional types of seed endophytic microflora. Result: In this study, 34 different rice genotypes, comprising traditional landraces and modern cultivars, were collected and analysed for their inherent zinc content. One variety in each category of low, medium and high seed Zn content was selected. The occurrence of all nutritional types of bacterial and their population was highest in the genotype Karuppunel followed by CO51 and ADT 39. Nutrient agar was found to promote a higher count of culturable bacterial endophytes compared to Tryptic soy agar and Soil extract agar.
背景：水稻是全球大部分人口的重要主食，缺锌会带来健康风险，尤其是在依赖水稻的地区。研究水稻种子锌含量的基因型差异对于培育富锌品种以解决营养不良问题和提高粮食安全至关重要。在植物微生物伙伴关系中，探索种子细菌内生菌在影响植物生理方面的作用，有望促进锌的积累，从而在全球面临日益增长的农业需求和挑战的情况下，实现提高食品质量、营养和作物产量的更广泛目标。研究方法对水稻种子类型进行调查，并使用非破坏性 X 射线荧光光谱法分析其种子锌含量。为分离内生细菌，对水稻种子样本进行了表面消毒，包括用蒸馏水、乙醇和次氯酸钠进行一系列处理，以去除表面微生物菌群。然后将灭菌后的种子浸泡并稀释，以获得可计数的菌落，随后将其平铺在营养琼脂、胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂和土壤提取物琼脂上，以计数不同营养类型的种子内生微生物菌群。结果本研究收集了 34 种不同的水稻基因型，包括传统陆稻和现代栽培品种，并对其内在锌含量进行了分析。在低、中、高种子锌含量类别中各选择了一个品种。Karuppunel 基因型的所有营养类型细菌及其数量最多，其次是 CO51 和 ADT 39。与胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂和土壤提取物琼脂相比，营养琼脂能促进更多可培养的内生细菌。
{"title":"Survey of Rice Genotypes of Southern India for Seed Zinc Concentration to Explore its Seed Endophytic Microbial Diversity","authors":"Yama Santhoshi Lavanya, Dhandapani Murugesan, Anandham Rangaswamy, Kenas Vijila","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice is a vital staple food for a large part of the global population and zinc deficiency poses health risks, particularly in rice-dependent regions. Studying genotypic differences in rice seed zinc content is vital for breeding zinc enriched varieties to address malnutrition and enhance food security. In the plant microbe partnership exploring the role of seed bacterial endophytes in influencing the plant physiology holds promise for Zn accumulation contributing to the broader goals of enhancing food quality, nutrition and crop production in a world facing increasing agricultural demands and challenges. Methods: Rice genotypes were surveyed and their seed zinc content was analysed using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Surface sterilization of rice seed samples was performed to isolate endophytic bacteria, involving a series of treatments with distilled water, ethanol and sodium hypochlorite to remove surface microflora. The sterilized seeds were then macerated and diluted to obtain a countable number of colonies, which were subsequently spread-plated on nutrient agar, tryptic soy agar and soil extract agar to enumerate the different nutritional types of seed endophytic microflora. Result: In this study, 34 different rice genotypes, comprising traditional landraces and modern cultivars, were collected and analysed for their inherent zinc content. One variety in each category of low, medium and high seed Zn content was selected. The occurrence of all nutritional types of bacterial and their population was highest in the genotype Karuppunel followed by CO51 and ADT 39. Nutrient agar was found to promote a higher count of culturable bacterial endophytes compared to Tryptic soy agar and Soil extract agar.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In Russia 5.2 million hectares of protective forest plantations were created on agricultural land. Forest strips optimize moisture turnover, heat and gas exchange of the territory and transform agrarian landscapes into more sustainable forest-agrarian ecosystems (agroforest landscapes). Studying the impact of shelterbelt forests on the transformation of soil properties in the context of climate change (organic carbon storage) is an important problem. The aim of our research was to study the effect of shelterbelt forests on soil indicators and to digitally map the contours of forest-meliorated soils on the test site using GIS-technology and field studies. Methods: In the present study, the methodology of soil studies in agroforested soils (1978) and the methodology of assessing the accumulation of substances in plants and soils in agroforested landscapes were used to study forest-meliorated soils. We proceeded from the position that the reclamation effect of forest belts occurs at a distance of 30 heights. The research was conducted from 2016 to 2022. Result: Research has established, that the soil profile under the forest belt has an organogenic horizon A0 (forest floor); the thickness of the humus horizon (A+B1) under the forest belt is 8-10 cm higher compared to other zones. Spatial distribution of humus content in the A+B1 horizon from the forest belt to the centers of inter-belt squares (zone 20H) is not characterized by great variability and clear patterns and on average makes 1.15-1.2%. The increase in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in the soil occurs in the direction from the forest belt to the 20H zone. The indicator of dense residue in terms of the content of readily soluble salts is not relevant in estimating the forest belt’s influence on transformation of soil properties. A preliminary digital map of the contours of forest-reclaimed soils has been compiled. The obtained materials will serve as a basis for modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of soils under forest belts in the zonal section and improving soil fertility in the interstrip space.
{"title":"Influence of Forest Strips on Changes in Soil Properties in the Agrolandscape","authors":"A. Koshelev, M. Shatrovskaya, V.M. Kretinin","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-799","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Russia 5.2 million hectares of protective forest plantations were created on agricultural land. Forest strips optimize moisture turnover, heat and gas exchange of the territory and transform agrarian landscapes into more sustainable forest-agrarian ecosystems (agroforest landscapes). Studying the impact of shelterbelt forests on the transformation of soil properties in the context of climate change (organic carbon storage) is an important problem. The aim of our research was to study the effect of shelterbelt forests on soil indicators and to digitally map the contours of forest-meliorated soils on the test site using GIS-technology and field studies. Methods: In the present study, the methodology of soil studies in agroforested soils (1978) and the methodology of assessing the accumulation of substances in plants and soils in agroforested landscapes were used to study forest-meliorated soils. We proceeded from the position that the reclamation effect of forest belts occurs at a distance of 30 heights. The research was conducted from 2016 to 2022. Result: Research has established, that the soil profile under the forest belt has an organogenic horizon A0 (forest floor); the thickness of the humus horizon (A+B1) under the forest belt is 8-10 cm higher compared to other zones. Spatial distribution of humus content in the A+B1 horizon from the forest belt to the centers of inter-belt squares (zone 20H) is not characterized by great variability and clear patterns and on average makes 1.15-1.2%. The increase in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in the soil occurs in the direction from the forest belt to the 20H zone. The indicator of dense residue in terms of the content of readily soluble salts is not relevant in estimating the forest belt’s influence on transformation of soil properties. A preliminary digital map of the contours of forest-reclaimed soils has been compiled. The obtained materials will serve as a basis for modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of soils under forest belts in the zonal section and improving soil fertility in the interstrip space.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation, various cultivars of Ajuga iva were collected from different locations in Morocco in 2022. These cultivars were subjected to extraction using different solvents, namely water, ethanol and methanol, to obtain extracts from their aerial parts. The extracts were then analyzed to determine their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total sugar content, hydrolysable tannin content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant activity. The results obtained from the analysis revealed the following quantities for the different parameters: The total phenolic content ranged from 226.04±8.47 to 22.59±2.43 mg GAE/g dw, the total flavonoid content ranged from 22.27±0.11 to 3.35±0.006 mg QE/g dw, the total sugar content ranged from 38.78±2.56 to 2.88±0.18 mg/g dw, the reducing sugar content ranged from 7.17±0.45 to 0.41±0.007 mg/g dw, the hydrolysable tannin content ranged from 12.25±0.017 to 0.75±0.15 mg TAE/g dw, the condensed tannin content ranged from 25.49±0.53 to 3.35±1.85 mg/g dw and the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.18±0.012 to 0.010±0.004 mg AAE/g dw. Furthermore, a principal component analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the different parameters. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and hydrolysable tannin content with the total antioxidant capacity. This suggests that these compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of Ajuga iva. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that Ajuga iva contains substantial amounts of bioactive compounds and possesses a noteworthy antioxidant capacity. These results contribute to the understanding of the chemical composition and potential health benefits of Ajuga iva.
{"title":"Impact of Geographical Conditions on Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Ajuga iva","authors":"Laila Lahrizi, F. Errachidi, L. Ghadraoui","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-827","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, various cultivars of Ajuga iva were collected from different locations in Morocco in 2022. These cultivars were subjected to extraction using different solvents, namely water, ethanol and methanol, to obtain extracts from their aerial parts. The extracts were then analyzed to determine their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total sugar content, hydrolysable tannin content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant activity. The results obtained from the analysis revealed the following quantities for the different parameters: The total phenolic content ranged from 226.04±8.47 to 22.59±2.43 mg GAE/g dw, the total flavonoid content ranged from 22.27±0.11 to 3.35±0.006 mg QE/g dw, the total sugar content ranged from 38.78±2.56 to 2.88±0.18 mg/g dw, the reducing sugar content ranged from 7.17±0.45 to 0.41±0.007 mg/g dw, the hydrolysable tannin content ranged from 12.25±0.017 to 0.75±0.15 mg TAE/g dw, the condensed tannin content ranged from 25.49±0.53 to 3.35±1.85 mg/g dw and the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.18±0.012 to 0.010±0.004 mg AAE/g dw. Furthermore, a principal component analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the different parameters. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and hydrolysable tannin content with the total antioxidant capacity. This suggests that these compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of Ajuga iva. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that Ajuga iva contains substantial amounts of bioactive compounds and possesses a noteworthy antioxidant capacity. These results contribute to the understanding of the chemical composition and potential health benefits of Ajuga iva.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sabareeshwari, Jemila Chellappa, C. Krithika, K.V. Haina Johnson
Background: Manihot esculenta, the most important tropical root crop which supply dietary staple food for about 800 million populations worldwide. Twenty soil profiles that represent the soil Pedology and soil quality are similar in their concept in relation to soil formation. In this regards, soil quality can be considered as part of the science of pedology. Significant differences in yield of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta) with selected soil properties and subsequent interpretations as influenced by land use are explained. Methods: Soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physico-chemical properties in the laboratory. Soil textural class, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation Percentage, soil organic carbon, exchangeable cations, available N, P, K content and available micronutrients were analysed. The general fertility of the soils in the area is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints. Result: A comprehensive analysis of soils in the study area showed that shallow soil depth of less than 47 cm and more clay of 44% with high bulk density of 1.4 gcc-1, low hydraulic conductivity of 0.12 cmhr-1, low base saturation percentage of 77%, more exchangeable sodium percentage of 7.96% with low available N, P and K of 110, 10.75 and 142.25 kg ha-1, respectively in low yielding soils are the major constraints in the tract might behind the yield differences in Cassava.
{"title":"Pedological Investigation of Soil Quality Indicators in Tapioca Growing Soils","authors":"V. Sabareeshwari, Jemila Chellappa, C. Krithika, K.V. Haina Johnson","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6074","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Manihot esculenta, the most important tropical root crop which supply dietary staple food for about 800 million populations worldwide. Twenty soil profiles that represent the soil Pedology and soil quality are similar in their concept in relation to soil formation. In this regards, soil quality can be considered as part of the science of pedology. Significant differences in yield of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta) with selected soil properties and subsequent interpretations as influenced by land use are explained. Methods: Soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physico-chemical properties in the laboratory. Soil textural class, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation Percentage, soil organic carbon, exchangeable cations, available N, P, K content and available micronutrients were analysed. The general fertility of the soils in the area is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints. Result: A comprehensive analysis of soils in the study area showed that shallow soil depth of less than 47 cm and more clay of 44% with high bulk density of 1.4 gcc-1, low hydraulic conductivity of 0.12 cmhr-1, low base saturation percentage of 77%, more exchangeable sodium percentage of 7.96% with low available N, P and K of 110, 10.75 and 142.25 kg ha-1, respectively in low yielding soils are the major constraints in the tract might behind the yield differences in Cassava.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Belyakov, A. Koshelev, M.N. Nazarova, A.V. Egorov
Background: Intensive agricultural technologies without proper scientific support violate the existing natural balance, both in landscapes and in agricultural landscapes and lead to soil degradation and often to desertification of large areas. Research in areas of insufficient moisture, the most environmentally vulnerable due to the growth of anthropogenic load and the use of unbalanced agricultural technologies, are very relevant. Methods: This study assessed the ecological balance of three agrolandscapes in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of Volgograd region (objects “Ch”, “I” and “U”) formed under the influence of direct seeding, classical (mouldboard) and combined agricultural technologies. Result: As a result of the research the system of direct, indirect and integrated assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes for conditions of insufficient moisture was developed. The average score of object “Ch” had 2.3 points, which corresponds to weak balance, object “I” - 2.9 points or medium balance and object “U” - 3.6 points or relatively balanced agrolandscape. The results show that the formation of ecologically balanced agrolandscapes in the dry-steppe zone should be carried out according to specific developed parameters-requirements.
{"title":"On the Formation of Ecologically Balanced Agrolandscapes in the Dry-steppe Zone of Chestnut Soils","authors":"A. M. Belyakov, A. Koshelev, M.N. Nazarova, A.V. Egorov","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-801","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intensive agricultural technologies without proper scientific support violate the existing natural balance, both in landscapes and in agricultural landscapes and lead to soil degradation and often to desertification of large areas. Research in areas of insufficient moisture, the most environmentally vulnerable due to the growth of anthropogenic load and the use of unbalanced agricultural technologies, are very relevant. Methods: This study assessed the ecological balance of three agrolandscapes in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of Volgograd region (objects “Ch”, “I” and “U”) formed under the influence of direct seeding, classical (mouldboard) and combined agricultural technologies. Result: As a result of the research the system of direct, indirect and integrated assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes for conditions of insufficient moisture was developed. The average score of object “Ch” had 2.3 points, which corresponds to weak balance, object “I” - 2.9 points or medium balance and object “U” - 3.6 points or relatively balanced agrolandscape. The results show that the formation of ecologically balanced agrolandscapes in the dry-steppe zone should be carried out according to specific developed parameters-requirements.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"19 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anthracnose disease of chili caused by Colletotrichum spp is one of the most destructive diseases affecting chili fruits in Thailand and significantly reduces fruit quality and chili production. Currently, this disease is managed primarily with synthetic fungicides that may affect public health and the environment adversely. Consequently, there is a need for biological management options. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the antagonistic activity of Talaromyces flavus Bodhi001, Talaromyces trachyspermus Bodhi002, Talaromyces flavus Bodhi003 and Neosartorya fischeri Bodhi004 against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of chili anthracnose disease, were conducted in the present study. Methods: The activity of antagonistic fungi against C. capsici was determined using PDA plate by dual culture method. The spore suspensions of C. capsici and antagonistic fungi were prepared in sterile water and adjusted using a hemocytometer to achieve a final concentration of about 106 spores mL-1. Result: The most effective antagonistic strains were T. flavus Bodhi001 and N. fischeri Bodhi004, which inhibited the mycelial growth of C. capsici by 68.99% and 70.76%, respectively. Interestingly, the antagonistic T. flavus Bodhi001 strain was the most effective at reducing the severity of chili anthracnose in vivo by up to 80%. The biological control activity of T. flavus Bodhi001 was to produce antibiosis against C. capsici; therefore, testing can be recommended to confirm its field trial stability. The results indicate that the application of the antagonistic fungi T. flavus Bodhi001 may be quite effective in biological control of chili anthracnose.
背景：由 Colletotrichum spp 引起的辣椒炭疽病是影响泰国辣椒果实的最具破坏性的病害之一，严重降低了果实质量和辣椒产量。目前，该病害主要使用合成杀菌剂进行防治，但可能会对公众健康和环境造成不利影响。因此，需要生物治理方案。本研究对菩提黄曲霉菌（Talaromyces flavus Bodhi001）、菩提黄曲霉菌（Talaromyces trachyspermus Bodhi002）、菩提黄曲霉菌（Talaromyces flavus Bodhi003）和菩提假丝酵母菌（Neosartorya fischeri Bodhi004）对辣椒炭疽病病原菌荚膜盘菌（Colletotrichum capsici）的体外和体内拮抗活性进行了评估。研究方法使用 PDA 平板，通过双重培养法测定拮抗真菌对辣椒炭疽病菌的活性。在无菌水中制备辣椒炭疽病菌和拮抗真菌的孢子悬浮液，并用血细胞计数器调节孢子悬浮液的最终浓度，使其达到约 106 个孢子 mL-1。结果：最有效的拮抗菌株是 T. flavus Bodhi001 和 N. fischeri Bodhi004，它们对蘑菇伞菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为 68.99% 和 70.76%。有趣的是，拮抗剂 T. flavus Bodhi001 菌株能最有效地降低辣椒炭疽病的严重程度，降幅高达 80%。Bodhi001 黄曲霉的生物防治活性是对辣椒炭疽病菌产生抗菌作用，因此建议进行试验以确认其田间试验的稳定性。结果表明，应用拮抗真菌 T. flavus Bodhi001 对辣椒炭疽病的生物防治可能相当有效。
{"title":"Biological Control of Chili Anthracnose Disease using Talaromyces flavus Bodhi001","authors":"T. Oiuphisittraiwat, T. Dethoup, A. Jantasorn","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-809","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anthracnose disease of chili caused by Colletotrichum spp is one of the most destructive diseases affecting chili fruits in Thailand and significantly reduces fruit quality and chili production. Currently, this disease is managed primarily with synthetic fungicides that may affect public health and the environment adversely. Consequently, there is a need for biological management options. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the antagonistic activity of Talaromyces flavus Bodhi001, Talaromyces trachyspermus Bodhi002, Talaromyces flavus Bodhi003 and Neosartorya fischeri Bodhi004 against Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of chili anthracnose disease, were conducted in the present study. Methods: The activity of antagonistic fungi against C. capsici was determined using PDA plate by dual culture method. The spore suspensions of C. capsici and antagonistic fungi were prepared in sterile water and adjusted using a hemocytometer to achieve a final concentration of about 106 spores mL-1. Result: The most effective antagonistic strains were T. flavus Bodhi001 and N. fischeri Bodhi004, which inhibited the mycelial growth of C. capsici by 68.99% and 70.76%, respectively. Interestingly, the antagonistic T. flavus Bodhi001 strain was the most effective at reducing the severity of chili anthracnose in vivo by up to 80%. The biological control activity of T. flavus Bodhi001 was to produce antibiosis against C. capsici; therefore, testing can be recommended to confirm its field trial stability. The results indicate that the application of the antagonistic fungi T. flavus Bodhi001 may be quite effective in biological control of chili anthracnose.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tubalov, A. M. Belyakov, A. Koshelev, G. O. Sytin
Background: Technologies for the cultivation of agricultural plants have positive and negative sides. The indisputable positive features of No-till technology include the elimination of the cost of fuel needed for tillage. The negative aspects potentially include an increase in soil density, leading to a deterioration in plant nutrition. This article presents research materials on the impact of crop cultivation technologies on the physical properties of soils. The authors study in detail the issue of changes in the soil bulk density index depending on the applied agricultural technology in comparison with the treated soil as a control. It is important to note that the study of the features of the use of agricultural technologies has a pronounced zonal aspect. The object of study is represented by the soil cover of an agricultural landscape located in the steppe zone of the Volgograd region. The soil cover of the study area is represented by Calcic Cherrnozem. No-till technology has been used in this agricultural landscape for 9 years. Methods: The changes in the soil bulk density index depending on the applied agricultural technique was studied in detail in comparison with the treated soil as a control variant. The study considered three options: a) no-till tillage, b) traditional tillage technology, c) soil covered with natural vegetation. Determination of the density of soil composition was carried out by the cutting ring method. Under field conditions, soil samples were taken from pits and analysis was carried out in laboratory. Result: The results revealed that soil compaction was occurred in no-till technologe. The bulk density of 10-20 cm soil layer was 1.33 g cm3 under no-till? 0.81 g cm3 under traditional technology and 1.14 g cm3 under natural vegetation.
{"title":"Influence of the No-till Technology on the Bulk Density of the Calcic Cherrnozem of the Volgograd Region","authors":"A. Tubalov, A. M. Belyakov, A. Koshelev, G. O. Sytin","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-825","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Technologies for the cultivation of agricultural plants have positive and negative sides. The indisputable positive features of No-till technology include the elimination of the cost of fuel needed for tillage. The negative aspects potentially include an increase in soil density, leading to a deterioration in plant nutrition. This article presents research materials on the impact of crop cultivation technologies on the physical properties of soils. The authors study in detail the issue of changes in the soil bulk density index depending on the applied agricultural technology in comparison with the treated soil as a control. It is important to note that the study of the features of the use of agricultural technologies has a pronounced zonal aspect. The object of study is represented by the soil cover of an agricultural landscape located in the steppe zone of the Volgograd region. The soil cover of the study area is represented by Calcic Cherrnozem. No-till technology has been used in this agricultural landscape for 9 years. Methods: The changes in the soil bulk density index depending on the applied agricultural technique was studied in detail in comparison with the treated soil as a control variant. The study considered three options: a) no-till tillage, b) traditional tillage technology, c) soil covered with natural vegetation. Determination of the density of soil composition was carried out by the cutting ring method. Under field conditions, soil samples were taken from pits and analysis was carried out in laboratory. Result: The results revealed that soil compaction was occurred in no-till technologe. The bulk density of 10-20 cm soil layer was 1.33 g cm3 under no-till? 0.81 g cm3 under traditional technology and 1.14 g cm3 under natural vegetation.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kalita, P. Boruah, S. Maibangsa, S. Bhuyan, B. Gogoi, R. Saud
Background: Rice production is mainly constrained by low P-use efficiency (PUE) and P-recovery efficiency (PRE) in acid soils of the North East hill region of India. Efficient P fertilizer management strategies for rice production is very essential to achieve higher yield per unit of P fertilizer applied. Rhizosphere-based P management in wetland rice is considered as an efficient strategy to minimize the quantity of applied P to obtain a profitable yield. Methods: Seedling root dipping in P slurry technique in farmers’ field condition was studied in comparison to the conventional methods of application of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and the integrated nutrient management (INM) practices to identify a suitable cost effective method of application of phosphatic fertilizer for the acid soils of this hill region of North East India. Result: The highest plant height, maximum number of effective tillers and root biomass were recorded in SSP root dip+Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) followed by INM practices. P root dip had greater root biomass (4.36 g plant-1) which was significantly higher than RDF (3.82 g plant-1). Root dip application showed higher yields (5.80 t ha-1), compared with INM (5.53 t ha-1) and RDF (5.46 t ha-1) and control (4.25 t ha-1). The result of the present study demonstrated that P-dipping can achieve high applied P use efficiency (1193.42) in transplanted rice compared to conventional incorporation of P (625.43). Thus, P-dipping is a potential strategy to overcome low applied P use efficiency in high P-fixing soils and hence reduces the need for excess P application.
{"title":"Response of Transplanted Rice to Seedling Root-dip in Phosphorus and Biofertilizer Slurry in Acid Soils of North East India- A Participatory Assessment in Farmers’ Field","authors":"N. Kalita, P. Boruah, S. Maibangsa, S. Bhuyan, B. Gogoi, R. Saud","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice production is mainly constrained by low P-use efficiency (PUE) and P-recovery efficiency (PRE) in acid soils of the North East hill region of India. Efficient P fertilizer management strategies for rice production is very essential to achieve higher yield per unit of P fertilizer applied. Rhizosphere-based P management in wetland rice is considered as an efficient strategy to minimize the quantity of applied P to obtain a profitable yield. Methods: Seedling root dipping in P slurry technique in farmers’ field condition was studied in comparison to the conventional methods of application of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and the integrated nutrient management (INM) practices to identify a suitable cost effective method of application of phosphatic fertilizer for the acid soils of this hill region of North East India. Result: The highest plant height, maximum number of effective tillers and root biomass were recorded in SSP root dip+Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) followed by INM practices. P root dip had greater root biomass (4.36 g plant-1) which was significantly higher than RDF (3.82 g plant-1). Root dip application showed higher yields (5.80 t ha-1), compared with INM (5.53 t ha-1) and RDF (5.46 t ha-1) and control (4.25 t ha-1). The result of the present study demonstrated that P-dipping can achieve high applied P use efficiency (1193.42) in transplanted rice compared to conventional incorporation of P (625.43). Thus, P-dipping is a potential strategy to overcome low applied P use efficiency in high P-fixing soils and hence reduces the need for excess P application.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ngự, Nguyen Phuc Khoa, Duong Quoc Non, Phan Thị Phương Nhi
Background: Agricultural practice is considered as main factor affecting land degradation in several regions in Vietnam. However, there are limited studies relating to degraded soil properties and their soil fertility. This paper aimed to evaluate the degradation of agricultural soil under different land management practices. Methods: A total of 80 samples at 0-10 cm of agricultural soil were collected to analyze selected physicochemical properties. The group of degradation soil properties was classified based on their soil fertility using principal component analysis. Result: The results showed that physicochemical properties in agricultural soil along coastal regions were relatively lower than in hilly regions/secondary forests. High ratio of C:N in agricultural soil was because of degradation. The organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous contents were low in the soil in lowland areas indicating a high level of degradation (1.43%, 0.09% and 0,04%, respectively). The samples classified into four groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) using principal component analysis indicated differences in soil properties due to degradation. Insufficient and excessive application of inorganic fertilizer could be a further reason affecting the status of soil properties. Overall, soil physicochemical properties indicated poor conditions for agriculture systems, thereby, careful soil management is the primary solution.
{"title":"Degradation of Soil Quality Related Physical and Chemical Properties Affected by Agricultural Practice in Le Thuy District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam","authors":"N. Ngự, Nguyen Phuc Khoa, Duong Quoc Non, Phan Thị Phương Nhi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Agricultural practice is considered as main factor affecting land degradation in several regions in Vietnam. However, there are limited studies relating to degraded soil properties and their soil fertility. This paper aimed to evaluate the degradation of agricultural soil under different land management practices. Methods: A total of 80 samples at 0-10 cm of agricultural soil were collected to analyze selected physicochemical properties. The group of degradation soil properties was classified based on their soil fertility using principal component analysis. Result: The results showed that physicochemical properties in agricultural soil along coastal regions were relatively lower than in hilly regions/secondary forests. High ratio of C:N in agricultural soil was because of degradation. The organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous contents were low in the soil in lowland areas indicating a high level of degradation (1.43%, 0.09% and 0,04%, respectively). The samples classified into four groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) using principal component analysis indicated differences in soil properties due to degradation. Insufficient and excessive application of inorganic fertilizer could be a further reason affecting the status of soil properties. Overall, soil physicochemical properties indicated poor conditions for agriculture systems, thereby, careful soil management is the primary solution.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"40 S182","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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