M. Monicaa, R. Krishnan, R. Sunitha, S. Sanbagavalli, S. Manickam, A. Senthil, S. Sangeetha
Background: Cotton, a popular fiber crop, is in high demand for textiles due to its natural properties. It plays a vital role in biological cycles and sustainable yield. A field experiment to compare natural, organic farming and integrated crop management to assess cotton fiber qualities was conducted in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, for two years (2021-22 and 2022-23) in Cotton cv. CO 17. Methods: The experiment had nine treatments, arranged in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. A complete Zero Budget Natural Farming Practices were used, including Ghanajeevamirit as Basal, seed treatment with Beejamirit, Jeevamirit applied twice a month through irrigation, intercropping, mulching and Whapasa (Alternate Furrow irrigation). Organic and Integrated plots were also included. Result: The use of beejamirit, jeevamirit and ghanajeevamirit in natural farming led to substantial seed cotton yield of 1287 kg ha-1 in 2021-22 and 1364 kg ha-1 in 2022-23, comparable to organic plots of 1695 kg ha-1 in 2021-22 and 1768 kg ha-1 in 2022-23, while improving soil health, biodiversity and pest management. Quality characteristics did not significantly differ among the different farming practices.
背景：棉花是一种受欢迎的纤维作物，由于其天然特性，对纺织品的需求量很大。它在生物循环和可持续产量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学进行了为期两年（2021-22年和2022-23年）的棉花品种CO 17的田间试验，比较了自然、有机农业和综合作物管理，以评估棉花纤维质量。方法：实验共有9种治疗方法，采用随机分组设计，重复3次。使用了完整的零预算自然农业实践，包括Ghanajeevamirt作为基础，用Beejamirit进行种子处理，Jeevamirt通过灌溉、间作、覆盖和Whapasa（交替Furrow灌溉）每月施用两次。有机地块和综合地块也包括在内。结果：在自然农业中使用beejamirit、jeevamirt和ghanajeevamirit可使2021-22年和2022-23年的籽棉产量分别达到1287 kg ha-1和1364 kg ha-1，与2021-22和2022-22年的1695 kg ha-1有机地块和1768 kg ha-1的有机地块相当，同时改善了土壤健康、生物多样性和害虫管理。不同耕作方式的质量特征没有显著差异。
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Natural Farming Practices on Quality Parameters of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)","authors":"M. Monicaa, R. Krishnan, R. Sunitha, S. Sanbagavalli, S. Manickam, A. Senthil, S. Sangeetha","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cotton, a popular fiber crop, is in high demand for textiles due to its natural properties. It plays a vital role in biological cycles and sustainable yield. A field experiment to compare natural, organic farming and integrated crop management to assess cotton fiber qualities was conducted in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, for two years (2021-22 and 2022-23) in Cotton cv. CO 17. Methods: The experiment had nine treatments, arranged in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. A complete Zero Budget Natural Farming Practices were used, including Ghanajeevamirit as Basal, seed treatment with Beejamirit, Jeevamirit applied twice a month through irrigation, intercropping, mulching and Whapasa (Alternate Furrow irrigation). Organic and Integrated plots were also included. Result: The use of beejamirit, jeevamirit and ghanajeevamirit in natural farming led to substantial seed cotton yield of 1287 kg ha-1 in 2021-22 and 1364 kg ha-1 in 2022-23, comparable to organic plots of 1695 kg ha-1 in 2021-22 and 1768 kg ha-1 in 2022-23, while improving soil health, biodiversity and pest management. Quality characteristics did not significantly differ among the different farming practices.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root-knot nematode is one of the major pest of vegetable crops that produces root galls in the infected roots, seriously reducing the farmer’s produce. According to statistics, phyto-parasitic nematodes affect 12.3% of the world’s major crops each year, resulting in yield losses. Most common species of root-knot nematodes have been reported to be vulnerable to cucumber and they can reduce productivity by up to 60% in protected commercial farming. Till now, there was no report of root knot nematode affecting cucumber in the state of Manipur (India). In 2021, an extensive investigation was conducted in each block of Kakching district, Manipur to observe for the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting the cucumber crop of that area based on morphological characteristic symptoms of the infected plant. The root samples forming galls and soil were collected for confirmatory studies at the laboratory. For the first time, it was discovered during the study that the cucumber crop was infested by the Meloidogyne spp. showing the general symptoms like water and nutrient stress, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, wilting of infested plants and patchiness of plants in the infested field, together with the typical symptoms of gall formation in the root system. According to morphological investigations, the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita) was found to be responsible for the infestation of the cucumber plant sample taken from a farmer’s field in the Kakching district of Manipur.
{"title":"A southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) first reported on cucumber in Manipur","authors":"Kshetrimayum Sumita, Y. Vivekananda","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6105","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematode is one of the major pest of vegetable crops that produces root galls in the infected roots, seriously reducing the farmer’s produce. According to statistics, phyto-parasitic nematodes affect 12.3% of the world’s major crops each year, resulting in yield losses. Most common species of root-knot nematodes have been reported to be vulnerable to cucumber and they can reduce productivity by up to 60% in protected commercial farming. Till now, there was no report of root knot nematode affecting cucumber in the state of Manipur (India). In 2021, an extensive investigation was conducted in each block of Kakching district, Manipur to observe for the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting the cucumber crop of that area based on morphological characteristic symptoms of the infected plant. The root samples forming galls and soil were collected for confirmatory studies at the laboratory. For the first time, it was discovered during the study that the cucumber crop was infested by the Meloidogyne spp. showing the general symptoms like water and nutrient stress, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, wilting of infested plants and patchiness of plants in the infested field, together with the typical symptoms of gall formation in the root system. According to morphological investigations, the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita) was found to be responsible for the infestation of the cucumber plant sample taken from a farmer’s field in the Kakching district of Manipur.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Beemrote, M. Srinivasan, S. Jeyarani, S. M. Kumar, T. Kalaiselvi, Palle Pravallika, Kshetrimayum Somendro Singh
Background: Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are natural adversaries of insects, serving a crucial role in the regulation of insect pest populations. In response to the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize environmental protection, human safety and animal welfare, the utilization of bio-control agents like entomopathogenic fungi offers a superior and safe alternative to chemical pesticides. Entomopathogenic fungi effectively infect and eliminate insects, thereby contributing to the control of insect populations through the induction of lethal infections known as epizootics. Isolating EPF from the soil is an effective method as they naturally inhabit soil ecosystems. The north-eastern region of India possesses a forest cover exceeding 80%, with Manipur alone accounting for nearly 75% of forest cover in its total geographical area. This abundant forest cover, along with undisturbed land, contributes to the region’s wealth of micro flora and fauna, including a thriving population of entomopathogenic fungi. However, the potential of these fungi in pest population management remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the diversity of these promising entomopathogenic fungi. Methods: In this study, we isolated fungi from the soils of ten districts of Manipur and identified several isolates with entomopathogenic properties. Soil bating using Galleria mellonella larvae was employed for the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi. Result: A total of 73 fungal isolates were obtained from 100 soil samples, out of which 54 were identified as entomopathogenic fungi. The genus Aspergillus constituted the most commonly isolated entomopathogenic fungi, followed by isolates of Beauveria, Clonostachys, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Candida and Meyerozyma genera. Diversity studies revealed variations in the types and proportions of fungi among different regions of Manipur. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the virulence of the isolated entomopathogenic fungi, with 14 isolates of Beauveria bassiana and two isolates of Talaromyces purpureogenus causing 100% mortality of the test insects. The isolated fungi exhibited excellent performance in insect control and could be further mass-produced for effective pest management.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Soils of Manipur (N-E India)","authors":"A. Beemrote, M. Srinivasan, S. Jeyarani, S. M. Kumar, T. Kalaiselvi, Palle Pravallika, Kshetrimayum Somendro Singh","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are natural adversaries of insects, serving a crucial role in the regulation of insect pest populations. In response to the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize environmental protection, human safety and animal welfare, the utilization of bio-control agents like entomopathogenic fungi offers a superior and safe alternative to chemical pesticides. Entomopathogenic fungi effectively infect and eliminate insects, thereby contributing to the control of insect populations through the induction of lethal infections known as epizootics. Isolating EPF from the soil is an effective method as they naturally inhabit soil ecosystems. The north-eastern region of India possesses a forest cover exceeding 80%, with Manipur alone accounting for nearly 75% of forest cover in its total geographical area. This abundant forest cover, along with undisturbed land, contributes to the region’s wealth of micro flora and fauna, including a thriving population of entomopathogenic fungi. However, the potential of these fungi in pest population management remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the diversity of these promising entomopathogenic fungi. Methods: In this study, we isolated fungi from the soils of ten districts of Manipur and identified several isolates with entomopathogenic properties. Soil bating using Galleria mellonella larvae was employed for the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi. Result: A total of 73 fungal isolates were obtained from 100 soil samples, out of which 54 were identified as entomopathogenic fungi. The genus Aspergillus constituted the most commonly isolated entomopathogenic fungi, followed by isolates of Beauveria, Clonostachys, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Candida and Meyerozyma genera. Diversity studies revealed variations in the types and proportions of fungi among different regions of Manipur. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the virulence of the isolated entomopathogenic fungi, with 14 isolates of Beauveria bassiana and two isolates of Talaromyces purpureogenus causing 100% mortality of the test insects. The isolated fungi exhibited excellent performance in insect control and could be further mass-produced for effective pest management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The issue of missing data is prevalent in all type of research work, which can diminish statistical power and lead to inaccurate results if not managed correctly. Missing data cannot be ignored because every piece of data, no matter how small, affects the outcome significantly. Imputation is a key component in dealing with missing data; however, the best way to impute missing values has not yet been identified. Methods: Our goal of this paper is to compare four more recently developed imputation techniques - MICE, MI, missForest and Amelia. In order to examine the performance of various imputation techniques, non-missing data were deleted from genotypic data of soybean crop with varied frequency of missingness by missing completely at random mechanism. The study compared different imputation techniques for solving missing values using the root mean square error and mean absolute error. Result: To fill in the dataset’s missing values, the imputation technique producing the lowest value of the RMSE and MAE will be taken into consideration. Finally it is observed that missForest technique performs best on the genotypic data of soybean at different proportion of missingness.
{"title":"Evaluation of Imputation Techniques for Genotypic Data of Soybean Crop under Missing Completely at Random Mechanism","authors":"Sanju ., Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar, Deepender .","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The issue of missing data is prevalent in all type of research work, which can diminish statistical power and lead to inaccurate results if not managed correctly. Missing data cannot be ignored because every piece of data, no matter how small, affects the outcome significantly. Imputation is a key component in dealing with missing data; however, the best way to impute missing values has not yet been identified. Methods: Our goal of this paper is to compare four more recently developed imputation techniques - MICE, MI, missForest and Amelia. In order to examine the performance of various imputation techniques, non-missing data were deleted from genotypic data of soybean crop with varied frequency of missingness by missing completely at random mechanism. The study compared different imputation techniques for solving missing values using the root mean square error and mean absolute error. Result: To fill in the dataset’s missing values, the imputation technique producing the lowest value of the RMSE and MAE will be taken into consideration. Finally it is observed that missForest technique performs best on the genotypic data of soybean at different proportion of missingness.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Oiuphisittraiwat, T. Dethoup, J. Mongon, A. Jantasorn
Background: Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) causes black spot disease, which is one of the major diseases limiting the production of vegetable crops, especially Chinese kale in Southeast Asia and Thailand. Previous pathogen management based on synthetic fungicides is expensive, toxic for humans, and harmful to the environment. The current study investigated the efficiency of Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi001, Talaromyces trachyspermus (Shear) Stolk and Samson Bodhi002, Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi003, Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain Bodhi004, and Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain in controlling Chinese kale black spot disease caused by A. brassicicola under field conditions. Methods: A. brassicicola and four antagonistic fungus strains were cultured separately on a PDA plate and incubated at room temperature for 14 days. Ten mL of sterile water was poured into a culture plate, and the spores were gently scraped from the mycelium with a sterile loop to obtain a spore suspension and afterward adjusted to a final concentration of 106 spores mL−1. Result: The results showed that spore suspensions of 106 spores mL−1 of T. flavus Bodhi001, T. trachyspermus Bodhi002, T. flavus Bodhi003, N. fischeri Bodhi004, and N. fischeri effectively controlled black spot disease in field trials and resulted in a significant reduction in black spot incidence compared with the unprotected control. Meanwhile, the spore suspension of T. flavus Bodhi001 revealed the greatest suppression of black spot incidence, causing 10.23% and 42.93% disease reduction, compared with the negative control, indicating promising preventive activity against A. brassicicola. Based on our results, T. favus Bodhi001 is a promising biological control agent (BCA) in controlling A. brassicicola causing Chinese kale black spot disease.
{"title":"Field Efficacy of Antagonistic Fungi against Black Spot Disease of Chinese Kale","authors":"T. Oiuphisittraiwat, T. Dethoup, J. Mongon, A. Jantasorn","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-790","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) causes black spot disease, which is one of the major diseases limiting the production of vegetable crops, especially Chinese kale in Southeast Asia and Thailand. Previous pathogen management based on synthetic fungicides is expensive, toxic for humans, and harmful to the environment. The current study investigated the efficiency of Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi001, Talaromyces trachyspermus (Shear) Stolk and Samson Bodhi002, Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk and Samson Bodhi003, Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain Bodhi004, and Neosartorya fischeri (Wehmer) Malloch and Cain in controlling Chinese kale black spot disease caused by A. brassicicola under field conditions. Methods: A. brassicicola and four antagonistic fungus strains were cultured separately on a PDA plate and incubated at room temperature for 14 days. Ten mL of sterile water was poured into a culture plate, and the spores were gently scraped from the mycelium with a sterile loop to obtain a spore suspension and afterward adjusted to a final concentration of 106 spores mL−1. Result: The results showed that spore suspensions of 106 spores mL−1 of T. flavus Bodhi001, T. trachyspermus Bodhi002, T. flavus Bodhi003, N. fischeri Bodhi004, and N. fischeri effectively controlled black spot disease in field trials and resulted in a significant reduction in black spot incidence compared with the unprotected control. Meanwhile, the spore suspension of T. flavus Bodhi001 revealed the greatest suppression of black spot incidence, causing 10.23% and 42.93% disease reduction, compared with the negative control, indicating promising preventive activity against A. brassicicola. Based on our results, T. favus Bodhi001 is a promising biological control agent (BCA) in controlling A. brassicicola causing Chinese kale black spot disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43383331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palle Pravallika, M. Muthuswami, P. Shanmugam, V. Rajasree, K. K. Kumar, A. Beemrote
Background: Biological plant protection with entomopathogenic fungi is a vital component of sustainable pest management. The most widely used entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium sp. And Isaria sp., though there are several other genera of EPF whose potential correlates to that of commonly used fungi for reducing insect pests. The primary goal of this study was to assess the efficiency of a few novel fungal isolates against insect pests. Methods: Two concentrations of four different entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their potency against wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella at Insectary, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Result: Mortality was observed in both the concentrations of four fungi, among which Penicillium simplicissimum performed well on par with Clonostachys rosea and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Hence, these fungi could be formulated and utilized in biological pest control.
{"title":"Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi of Tamil Nadu Soils and Their Pathogenicity on Waxmoth Larva (Galleria mellonella)","authors":"Palle Pravallika, M. Muthuswami, P. Shanmugam, V. Rajasree, K. K. Kumar, A. Beemrote","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biological plant protection with entomopathogenic fungi is a vital component of sustainable pest management. The most widely used entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium sp. And Isaria sp., though there are several other genera of EPF whose potential correlates to that of commonly used fungi for reducing insect pests. The primary goal of this study was to assess the efficiency of a few novel fungal isolates against insect pests. Methods: Two concentrations of four different entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their potency against wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella at Insectary, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Result: Mortality was observed in both the concentrations of four fungi, among which Penicillium simplicissimum performed well on par with Clonostachys rosea and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Hence, these fungi could be formulated and utilized in biological pest control.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nohong, Rinduwati ., R. Islamiyati, R. Semaun, Nurjaya .
Background: Marginal land is dry land which has limited nutrient content so it has relatively low productivity. The development of marginal land use can be optimized with an ecosystem approach strategy through improving soil fertility. Planting leguminous plant species that can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere can increase soil fertility. Methods: This research was conducted to determine the ability of plants (A = Corn; B = Peanuts; C = Green Beans; D = Soybeans) to increase soil fertility and plant productivity. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design consisting of four treatments, each treatment was repeated four times. Soil fertility analysis was carried out before planting (pH, Carbon (%), Nitogen (%) and C/N ) and after planting (pH, Carbon (%), Nitogen (%) and C/N). Productivity (straw (kg/ha), seeds (kg/ha) and effective nodules. Results: The experimental results showed that the planting of legumes had a significant effect on increasing soil fertility and forage productivity, nodulation but lower legume seed production compared to maize
{"title":"Increasing the Fertility and Productivity of Marginal Land by Planting Leguminous Plants","authors":"B. Nohong, Rinduwati ., R. Islamiyati, R. Semaun, Nurjaya .","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-787","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Marginal land is dry land which has limited nutrient content so it has relatively low productivity. The development of marginal land use can be optimized with an ecosystem approach strategy through improving soil fertility. Planting leguminous plant species that can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere can increase soil fertility. Methods: This research was conducted to determine the ability of plants (A = Corn; B = Peanuts; C = Green Beans; D = Soybeans) to increase soil fertility and plant productivity. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design consisting of four treatments, each treatment was repeated four times. Soil fertility analysis was carried out before planting (pH, Carbon (%), Nitogen (%) and C/N ) and after planting (pH, Carbon (%), Nitogen (%) and C/N). Productivity (straw (kg/ha), seeds (kg/ha) and effective nodules. Results: The experimental results showed that the planting of legumes had a significant effect on increasing soil fertility and forage productivity, nodulation but lower legume seed production compared to maize\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44127859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Aravind, E. Somasundaram, S. Sanbagavalli, P. Kavitha, S. Venkatachalam, R. Sunitha
Background: Cassava is an important tropical tuber crop with great potential, particularly for short-duration varieties. Understanding the impact of nutrient management practices on the growth and yield of cassava is crucial for improving its productivity. Methods: Field experiments were conducted at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, Salem in 2022-2023 to determine the effect of various nutrient management practices on the growth attributes, biomass production, dry matter distribution and yield characteristics of short-duration cassava. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. Results: The integrated nutrient management practice of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray (T10) resulted in higher crop growth, dry matter production, yield attributes, tuber yield and top yield. This was comparable with the organic practice of Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray (T7) among other organic practices. The control treatment with no manures, fertilizers or foliar sprays recorded lower growth and yield. The positive correlation between growth and yield attributes and yield was also observed. In conclusion, the application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray and Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray were effective in improving the growth and yield of short-duration cassava. From the study, it is also evident that the short-duration cassava is suitable for organic cultivation and can be integrated into existing cropping systems.
背景:木薯是一种重要的热带块茎作物，具有巨大的潜力，特别是短期品种。了解营养管理措施对木薯生长和产量的影响对提高木薯生产力至关重要。方法:于2022-2023年在Salem Yethapur的木薯和蓖麻研究站进行田间试验，确定不同营养管理措施对短生育期木薯生长属性、生物量生产、干物质分布和产量特性的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，12个处理，3个重复。结果:FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF +木薯增效喷剂(T10)的综合营养管理实践可提高作物生长、干物质产量、产量属性、块茎产量和顶产量。这与其他有机做法中木灰@ 2吨ha-1 + 3% panchagavya叶面喷雾(T7)的有机做法相当。不施肥、不施肥、不叶面喷施的对照处理的生长和产量较低。生长和产量性状与产量之间也存在正相关关系。综上所述，施用FYM @ 25 t hm -1 + 100% RDF +木薯促进剂和木灰@ 2 t hm -1 + 3% panchagavya叶面喷雾对促进短生育期木薯的生长和产量均有较好的效果。从这项研究中还可以明显看出，短生育期木薯适合有机种植，并且可以整合到现有的种植系统中。
{"title":"Effect of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Short-duration Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","authors":"S. A. Aravind, E. Somasundaram, S. Sanbagavalli, P. Kavitha, S. Venkatachalam, R. Sunitha","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cassava is an important tropical tuber crop with great potential, particularly for short-duration varieties. Understanding the impact of nutrient management practices on the growth and yield of cassava is crucial for improving its productivity. Methods: Field experiments were conducted at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur, Salem in 2022-2023 to determine the effect of various nutrient management practices on the growth attributes, biomass production, dry matter distribution and yield characteristics of short-duration cassava. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. Results: The integrated nutrient management practice of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray (T10) resulted in higher crop growth, dry matter production, yield attributes, tuber yield and top yield. This was comparable with the organic practice of Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray (T7) among other organic practices. The control treatment with no manures, fertilizers or foliar sprays recorded lower growth and yield. The positive correlation between growth and yield attributes and yield was also observed. In conclusion, the application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% RDF + cassava booster spray and Wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 + 3% panchagavya foliar spray were effective in improving the growth and yield of short-duration cassava. From the study, it is also evident that the short-duration cassava is suitable for organic cultivation and can be integrated into existing cropping systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Avena sativa L. (common oat) is the most important among the cultivated oat belongs to the Poaceae family and is known as Jai or Javi in Indian subcontinent. It is important winter forage in many parts of the world and is grown as multipurpose crop for grain, pasture, forage or as a rotation crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zinc Sulphate and Borax on growth, yield components, yield and economics of oats seed production in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at agricultural farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design having two factors each with four levels (Zinc Sulphate with 0, 15, 20 and 25 kg/ha as well as Borax with 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Result: Pooled data over two years of experiments showed that soil application with Zinc Sulphate and Borax at various levels significantly influenced growth attributes (dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and crop growth rate), yield components (no. of panicles/m2, no. of filled grains/panicle and test weight), yield (seed yield, straw yield and biological yield) and economics of oats seed production. With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha. Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha. The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively) which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,15,051/ha, ₹ 64,489/ha, and 2.52, respectively) and 15 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,05,198/ha, ₹ 59,240/ha and 2.44, respectively). Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively). A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production. Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Zinc and Boron Supplementation on Oats Grown under Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal","authors":"Utkalika Naik, A. Barik, Rubee Rai","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Avena sativa L. (common oat) is the most important among the cultivated oat belongs to the Poaceae family and is known as Jai or Javi in Indian subcontinent. It is important winter forage in many parts of the world and is grown as multipurpose crop for grain, pasture, forage or as a rotation crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zinc Sulphate and Borax on growth, yield components, yield and economics of oats seed production in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at agricultural farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design having two factors each with four levels (Zinc Sulphate with 0, 15, 20 and 25 kg/ha as well as Borax with 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Result: Pooled data over two years of experiments showed that soil application with Zinc Sulphate and Borax at various levels significantly influenced growth attributes (dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and crop growth rate), yield components (no. of panicles/m2, no. of filled grains/panicle and test weight), yield (seed yield, straw yield and biological yield) and economics of oats seed production. With increasing levels of ZnSO4 application, highest number of panicles/m2 (196.27), seed yield (3.00 t/ha), straw yield (6.94 t/ha) and biological yield (9.85 t/ha) were obtained at 25 kg/ha though these were at par with 20 kg ZnSO4 /ha. Higher number of filled grains/panicle (76.47), test weight (29.93 g), seed yield (2.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.70 t/ha) and biological yield (9.63 t/ha) were found with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha. The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was achieved with application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (₹ 1,17,257/ha, ₹ 68,997/ha and 2.65, respectively) which was significantly higher than both of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,15,051/ha, ₹ 64,489/ha, and 2.52, respectively) and 15 kg ZnSO4/ha (₹ 1,05,198/ha, ₹ 59,240/ha and 2.44, respectively). Similarly, highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment was obtained with application of borax @ 10 kg/ha (₹ 1,15,537/ha, ₹ 69,070/ha and 2.67, respectively). A significant interaction between Zinc Sulphate and borax was found towards seed yield, biological yield, gross return, net return and return per rupee investment in oats seed production. Use of ZnSO4 at 20 kg/ha and borax at 10 kg/ha conjunctively achieved highest seed yield (3.28 t/ha), biological yield (10.81 t/ha), gross return (₹ 1, 27, 530/ha), net return (₹78,760/ha) and return per rupee investment (₹3.78) in oats seed production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, chemical toxicity and oxidative stress are such environmental stresses, that are serious threats to agriculture globally and result in the deterioration of the environment and crops. To Study the effect of drought stress on seed germination and early establishment in different crop varieties, PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) induced drought stress is the most common screening method. The species and its variety, its growing conditions and the developmental stage of the plant, as well as osmotic concentration responded differently to osmotic stress. The current study aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 in eight genotypes of lentil in order to understand the management and control of drought stress-related problems in crop plants. Methods: The experimental work was conducted during 2018-2019 at the Laboratory of Botany, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. (Autonomous) College, Jaipur to study the effect of drought stress during early growth of genotypes of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under osmotic stress. The plant material consisted of eight genotypes belonging to the macrosperma and microsperma subspecies of lentil (Lens culinaris M.). PL-4, L-4147, L-4594 and L-4596 belong to the microsperma subspecies and K-75, L-4076, DPL-15 and DPL-62 belong to the macrosperma subspecies. Result: In conclusion, due to their better values of germination percentage (GP%), germination relative index (GRI), seedling vigor index (SVI) and seedling growth under simulated drought conditions PL-4, L-4594, DPL-15 and DPL-62 stand out as the most tolerant lentil genotypes among eight species studied in this work. These genotypes showed a significant enhancement in germination percentage (%), germination relative index, seedling vigor index and seedling length under mild moisture stress. Our results confirmed that PEG-induced drought stress can be used to study the drought-tolerant species by studying a few parameters viz. germination percentage, germination relative index and, seedling vigour index, that will result in increased crop production.
{"title":"Effect of PEG-6000 Osmoticum on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Genotypes","authors":"Ajaya Eesha, Richa Sharma, N. Chaudhary","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6078","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, chemical toxicity and oxidative stress are such environmental stresses, that are serious threats to agriculture globally and result in the deterioration of the environment and crops. To Study the effect of drought stress on seed germination and early establishment in different crop varieties, PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) induced drought stress is the most common screening method. The species and its variety, its growing conditions and the developmental stage of the plant, as well as osmotic concentration responded differently to osmotic stress. The current study aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 in eight genotypes of lentil in order to understand the management and control of drought stress-related problems in crop plants. Methods: The experimental work was conducted during 2018-2019 at the Laboratory of Botany, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. (Autonomous) College, Jaipur to study the effect of drought stress during early growth of genotypes of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under osmotic stress. The plant material consisted of eight genotypes belonging to the macrosperma and microsperma subspecies of lentil (Lens culinaris M.). PL-4, L-4147, L-4594 and L-4596 belong to the microsperma subspecies and K-75, L-4076, DPL-15 and DPL-62 belong to the macrosperma subspecies. Result: In conclusion, due to their better values of germination percentage (GP%), germination relative index (GRI), seedling vigor index (SVI) and seedling growth under simulated drought conditions PL-4, L-4594, DPL-15 and DPL-62 stand out as the most tolerant lentil genotypes among eight species studied in this work. These genotypes showed a significant enhancement in germination percentage (%), germination relative index, seedling vigor index and seedling length under mild moisture stress. Our results confirmed that PEG-induced drought stress can be used to study the drought-tolerant species by studying a few parameters viz. germination percentage, germination relative index and, seedling vigour index, that will result in increased crop production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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