Investigation on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) in Algeria date back to the late 19th century. Important research has been performed since this period until currently generating significant information. The aim of this literature assembling is making available an outline of the current situation of plant nematology in the country. This review is based on the available information existing at universities’ libraries and research articles obtained by visiting web pages and Google Scholar. All pertinent information was collected from 2018 until today. This review article shows three periods for Algerian agricultural nematology: First period includes the years of French colonialism and two decades after independence. Publications on PPN started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by French and Italian researchers, working in Algeria. The second period (1980-end 1990s) was characterized by the emergence of Algerian researchers. They successively became central academics having the responsibility to educate graduate students. Their research topics were studies on geographical distribution and evaluation of damage degrees of some PPN. The third period (2000 until today) is characterized by the progression in nematological research in the country; research topics expanded and became more diverse. Collaboration between universities, National Institute of Agronomic Research and National Institute of Plant Protection are the organisations contributing to the development of nematology. Till date, a total of 38 genera and 43 species of PPN including economically important nematodes were documented in Algeria.
{"title":"Compilation of Research Works that Contributed to the Development of Algerian Agricultural Nematology: A Review","authors":"N. Tirchi, R. Holgado, T. Karahacane, A. Mokabli","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-811","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) in Algeria date back to the late 19th century. Important research has been performed since this period until currently generating significant information. The aim of this literature assembling is making available an outline of the current situation of plant nematology in the country. This review is based on the available information existing at universities’ libraries and research articles obtained by visiting web pages and Google Scholar. All pertinent information was collected from 2018 until today. This review article shows three periods for Algerian agricultural nematology: First period includes the years of French colonialism and two decades after independence. Publications on PPN started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by French and Italian researchers, working in Algeria. The second period (1980-end 1990s) was characterized by the emergence of Algerian researchers. They successively became central academics having the responsibility to educate graduate students. Their research topics were studies on geographical distribution and evaluation of damage degrees of some PPN. The third period (2000 until today) is characterized by the progression in nematological research in the country; research topics expanded and became more diverse. Collaboration between universities, National Institute of Agronomic Research and National Institute of Plant Protection are the organisations contributing to the development of nematology. Till date, a total of 38 genera and 43 species of PPN including economically important nematodes were documented in Algeria.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Mageshen, P. Santhy, S. Meena, M.R. Latha, V. Kalyan, K. Aswitha, G. Maimaran, C. Krithika, N. Sathiyabama
Background: Naturally occurring iodide iodine exhibits complex soil behavior. Even though higher plants don’t consider iodine a vitamin, living things need it. Iodine is part of the thyroid hormone, which is vital to human health and metabolism. Potassium is the most effective cation for tomato plants and has a crucial role in improving several post-harvest quality characteristics in tomato fruits as well as in almost all vegetables. Methods: In the present work, we assessed the growth, yield and quality (Ascorbic acid, Titrable acidity and soluble solids) of tomatoesfrom different sources of chitosan and potassium iodate alone and combinations. The field experiment was carried out in the Thondamuthur block of Viraliyur village in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu in 2022. The experiments were performed in randomized block design with three replications in palaviduthi soil series using hybrid tomato “Shivam”. Result: The chitosan iodate complex and foliar application combination enhanced the growth, yield and quality of tomato. Potassium iodate alone applied to soil and foliar, improved fruit quality but did not prevent acid loss during ripening. Chitosan reduces respiration and oxygen permeability to preserve losses. Thus, potassium iodate chitosan complex was favoured for boosting plant growth, fruit yield and quality.
{"title":"Long-term impact of biofortified iodine on tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) growth, yield, and quality","authors":"V. Mageshen, P. Santhy, S. Meena, M.R. Latha, V. Kalyan, K. Aswitha, G. Maimaran, C. Krithika, N. Sathiyabama","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6162","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Naturally occurring iodide iodine exhibits complex soil behavior. Even though higher plants don’t consider iodine a vitamin, living things need it. Iodine is part of the thyroid hormone, which is vital to human health and metabolism. Potassium is the most effective cation for tomato plants and has a crucial role in improving several post-harvest quality characteristics in tomato fruits as well as in almost all vegetables. Methods: In the present work, we assessed the growth, yield and quality (Ascorbic acid, Titrable acidity and soluble solids) of tomatoesfrom different sources of chitosan and potassium iodate alone and combinations. The field experiment was carried out in the Thondamuthur block of Viraliyur village in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu in 2022. The experiments were performed in randomized block design with three replications in palaviduthi soil series using hybrid tomato “Shivam”. Result: The chitosan iodate complex and foliar application combination enhanced the growth, yield and quality of tomato. Potassium iodate alone applied to soil and foliar, improved fruit quality but did not prevent acid loss during ripening. Chitosan reduces respiration and oxygen permeability to preserve losses. Thus, potassium iodate chitosan complex was favoured for boosting plant growth, fruit yield and quality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138975373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mohan, T. Gohain, S. Dolie, A. Singh, D. Nongmaithem
Background: The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers even in balanced form may not sustain soil fertility and productivity. However judicious use of chemical fertilizers in combination with organic manure is required to improve the soil health as well as to achieve sustainable crop production. Thus balanced fertilization and cropping system offers a great scope for increasing the productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 and 2020 in the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Nagaland University, SAS, Medziphema campus to study the effect of cropping system and nutrient management practices on production potential of rice-based cropping system. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with factorial concept with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of five cropping systems and three nutrient management practices. Result: The result revealed that among intercropping system, rice + soybean (3:1) cropping system recorded highest plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of panicles m-2, grain yield, straw yield and rice equivalent yield. Among different nutrient management practices, application of 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + biofertilizer consortium @ 20 g kg-1 seed recorded significantly higher plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of panicles m-2, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield.
背景:间作最常见的目标是通过利用单一作物无法利用的资源，在给定的一块土地上获得更高的产量。即使以平衡的形式持续施用无机肥料也不能维持土壤的肥力和生产力。然而，合理使用化肥与有机肥相结合是改善土壤健康和实现作物可持续生产的必要条件。因此，平衡施肥和种植制度为提高生产力提供了很大的空间。方法:于2019年和2020年收获季，在印度那加兰大学农学系Medziphema校区试验农场进行田间试验，研究不同种植制度和养分管理措施对稻基种植制度生产潜力的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，采用因子概念，设3个重复。该处理包括5种种植制度和3种养分管理措施。结果:在间作制度中，水稻+大豆(3:1)种植制度的株高(cm)、叶片数(1)、穗数(m-2)、籽粒产量、秸秆产量和水稻当量产量最高。在不同的营养管理措施中，75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 +生物肥料联合体@ 20 g kg-1种子的株高(cm)、叶片数(plant-1)、穗数(m-2)、穗长(穗长)、籽粒产量和秸秆产量显著提高。
{"title":"Production Potential of Rice-based Cropping System under Different Nutrient Management Practices","authors":"G. Mohan, T. Gohain, S. Dolie, A. Singh, D. Nongmaithem","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6093","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers even in balanced form may not sustain soil fertility and productivity. However judicious use of chemical fertilizers in combination with organic manure is required to improve the soil health as well as to achieve sustainable crop production. Thus balanced fertilization and cropping system offers a great scope for increasing the productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 and 2020 in the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Nagaland University, SAS, Medziphema campus to study the effect of cropping system and nutrient management practices on production potential of rice-based cropping system. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with factorial concept with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of five cropping systems and three nutrient management practices. Result: The result revealed that among intercropping system, rice + soybean (3:1) cropping system recorded highest plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of panicles m-2, grain yield, straw yield and rice equivalent yield. Among different nutrient management practices, application of 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + biofertilizer consortium @ 20 g kg-1 seed recorded significantly higher plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of panicles m-2, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: French bean is one of the nutritious leguminous crops which is an integral part of Indian cuisine and popular in overseas countries from a long time. At different parts of the world several researches have been implemented and still in continuation for the improved production of the crop. Methods: This experiment study was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Punjab in the summer season during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The experiment comprised of total 21 genotypes consisting of three replications which were laid out in randomized block design for different growth and yield parameters of French bean. Result: The pooled analysis data showed significant differences between various growth and yield traits. From the acquired results it was found that the genotype IC-043572 (T6) was more adaptive and productive over other evaluated genotypes of French bean in various growth characters including germination percentage (95.40%), plant height at 30 DAS (17.85 cm), 45 DAS (35.02 cm) and final harvesting stage (42.51 cm), number of leaves at 35 DAS (25.69), 45 DAS (54.65) and final harvesting stage (100.48), fresh (13.58 g) and dry (5.80 g) weight of root, fresh (113.96 g) and dry (88.53 g) weight of shoot and yield characters like pod length (14.68 cm), weight of individual pod per plant (5.65 g), green pod yield per plant (205.50 g) and green pod yield per hectare (59.51 t) under Trans-Gangetic plains region.
背景:法国豆是一种营养丰富的豆科作物，是印度菜肴的重要组成部分，长期以来深受海外国家的欢迎。在世界不同地区，已经实施并仍在继续进行若干研究，以改善这种作物的生产。方法:本实验研究分别于2021年和2022年夏季在旁遮普洛夫利专业大学蔬菜研究农场进行。试验共设21个基因型，设3个重复，采用随机区组设计，对不同生长和产量参数进行试验。结果:汇总分析数据显示，各生长性状和产量性状之间存在显著差异。结果表明，IC-043572 (T6)在发芽率(95.40%)、株高30 DAS (17.85 cm)、45 DAS (35.02 cm)和末采收期(42.51 cm)、叶数35 DAS(25.69)、45 DAS(54.65)和末采收期(100.48)、鲜根(13.58 g)和干根(5.80 g)重等生长性状上均优于其他评价基因型。跨恒河平原地区茎部鲜重(113.96 g)和干重(88.53 g)，单株荚果长(14.68 cm)、单株荚果重(5.65 g)、单株绿荚产量(205.50 g)和每公顷绿荚产量(59.51 t)等产量性状。
{"title":"Performance of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes under Trans-Gangetic Plains Region","authors":"Bharti, D. Mal, E. Goutam, L. Kumar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: French bean is one of the nutritious leguminous crops which is an integral part of Indian cuisine and popular in overseas countries from a long time. At different parts of the world several researches have been implemented and still in continuation for the improved production of the crop. Methods: This experiment study was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Punjab in the summer season during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The experiment comprised of total 21 genotypes consisting of three replications which were laid out in randomized block design for different growth and yield parameters of French bean. Result: The pooled analysis data showed significant differences between various growth and yield traits. From the acquired results it was found that the genotype IC-043572 (T6) was more adaptive and productive over other evaluated genotypes of French bean in various growth characters including germination percentage (95.40%), plant height at 30 DAS (17.85 cm), 45 DAS (35.02 cm) and final harvesting stage (42.51 cm), number of leaves at 35 DAS (25.69), 45 DAS (54.65) and final harvesting stage (100.48), fresh (13.58 g) and dry (5.80 g) weight of root, fresh (113.96 g) and dry (88.53 g) weight of shoot and yield characters like pod length (14.68 cm), weight of individual pod per plant (5.65 g), green pod yield per plant (205.50 g) and green pod yield per hectare (59.51 t) under Trans-Gangetic plains region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: For the first time in the conditions of the Volgograd region, new knowledge was obtained, which made it possible, taking into account the changes in the morphology of the root system occurring during the formation of seedlings, the orientation of physiological processes and the biological needs of plants for their optimization, to justify a differentiated water-saving drip irrigation regime in combination with fertilizing vegetating plants, providing high-quality annual sweet cherry seedlings with high economic and water-saving efficiency, environmental tolerance. Methods: The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery breeding 2017-2021 years. The productivity of the variety-rootstock combination was calculated relative to biometric parameters: crown projection area (S), crown volume (V), stem cross-sectional area (S). Result: In the course of the work, methods of watering stone crops, in particular cherries and their effect on survival, growth and development of seedlings in the nursery were studied. The scheme of experiments provides for an assessment of the influence of the water regime of the soil on the formation of the height of the central stem, the root system and the yield of seedlings of class 1 according to the variants of the experiment. Their values were greater than in the control, respectively, by 21 and 17 cm, 24-32%. At the same time, the yield of first-class seedlings in the third variant exceeds the second variant by 6%. According to the results of the conducted studies, the option of maintaining soil moisture at least 80% of the lowest moisture capacity during the adaptation period of the graft with a rootstock in a layer of 0.2 meters, followed by an increase in the soaking depth to 0.4 meters, proved to be the best. In the phase of the transition of seedlings to the dormant period, the pre-watering soil moisture should be maintained at least 70%.
{"title":"The Effect of the Depth of Soil Moisture on the Growth and Development of Cherry Seedlings","authors":"O. Nikolskaya, E. Seminchenko","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-821","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For the first time in the conditions of the Volgograd region, new knowledge was obtained, which made it possible, taking into account the changes in the morphology of the root system occurring during the formation of seedlings, the orientation of physiological processes and the biological needs of plants for their optimization, to justify a differentiated water-saving drip irrigation regime in combination with fertilizing vegetating plants, providing high-quality annual sweet cherry seedlings with high economic and water-saving efficiency, environmental tolerance. Methods: The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery breeding 2017-2021 years. The productivity of the variety-rootstock combination was calculated relative to biometric parameters: crown projection area (S), crown volume (V), stem cross-sectional area (S). Result: In the course of the work, methods of watering stone crops, in particular cherries and their effect on survival, growth and development of seedlings in the nursery were studied. The scheme of experiments provides for an assessment of the influence of the water regime of the soil on the formation of the height of the central stem, the root system and the yield of seedlings of class 1 according to the variants of the experiment. Their values were greater than in the control, respectively, by 21 and 17 cm, 24-32%. At the same time, the yield of first-class seedlings in the third variant exceeds the second variant by 6%. According to the results of the conducted studies, the option of maintaining soil moisture at least 80% of the lowest moisture capacity during the adaptation period of the graft with a rootstock in a layer of 0.2 meters, followed by an increase in the soaking depth to 0.4 meters, proved to be the best. In the phase of the transition of seedlings to the dormant period, the pre-watering soil moisture should be maintained at least 70%.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rice is one of the most important crops and is sensitive to salinity stress. Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that causes inhibition in plant growth or even plant death. Looking for a solution to enhance the salt tolerance of rice is very necessary. Methods: Rice sprouts with 2-3 mm of radicles were treated in four treatments: distilled water, 0.6% NaCl, oligochitosan 5994 Da (75 ppm) and 0.6% NaCl supplemented with 75 ppm of oligochitosan 5994 Da. The physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of rice seedlings were evaluated after seven days of treatment. Result: In the treatment of 0.6% NaCl, the development of rice seedlings was inhibited, but the salt-resistant systems were activated. The addition of oligochitosan maintained the growth of rice seedlings through the improvement of morphology, physiological parameters and the concentration of total sugar, proline and total protein. Oligochitosan raised the expression of genes related to proline biosynthesis (P5CS and P5CR) or genes related to antioxidant enzymes in salinity stress (cAPX, tAPX and sAPX).
{"title":"The Tolerance of Saline Conditions of Rice Seedlings in the Treatment of Oligochitosan","authors":"N.T.P. Thanh, L.T.T. Tien","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice is one of the most important crops and is sensitive to salinity stress. Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that causes inhibition in plant growth or even plant death. Looking for a solution to enhance the salt tolerance of rice is very necessary. Methods: Rice sprouts with 2-3 mm of radicles were treated in four treatments: distilled water, 0.6% NaCl, oligochitosan 5994 Da (75 ppm) and 0.6% NaCl supplemented with 75 ppm of oligochitosan 5994 Da. The physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of rice seedlings were evaluated after seven days of treatment. Result: In the treatment of 0.6% NaCl, the development of rice seedlings was inhibited, but the salt-resistant systems were activated. The addition of oligochitosan maintained the growth of rice seedlings through the improvement of morphology, physiological parameters and the concentration of total sugar, proline and total protein. Oligochitosan raised the expression of genes related to proline biosynthesis (P5CS and P5CR) or genes related to antioxidant enzymes in salinity stress (cAPX, tAPX and sAPX).","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suresh Choudhary, S. Khinchi, Neelam Kumari, Jitendra Singh, Walp.. Indian
Background: The repeated use of conventional insecticides to combat the sucking pests resulted in development of resistance to insecticides. Now, several newer insecticides with their novel mode of action are very effective at lower doses against target pests and safe to natural enemies. Methods: The experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments including the untreated control and 3 replications.The observations on population of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) were recorded early in the morning from (10 cm terminal shoot) for aphid and from three leaves, viz., one each from top, middle and lower canopy of the plant for leafhopper and whitefly one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after application of insecticides in both the sprays. Result: Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield. Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l and malathion 0.05 per cent were least effective against these insect pests. The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of Newer Insecticides against Major Sucking Insect Pests of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]","authors":"Suresh Choudhary, S. Khinchi, Neelam Kumari, Jitendra Singh, Walp.. Indian","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The repeated use of conventional insecticides to combat the sucking pests resulted in development of resistance to insecticides. Now, several newer insecticides with their novel mode of action are very effective at lower doses against target pests and safe to natural enemies. Methods: The experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments including the untreated control and 3 replications.The observations on population of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) were recorded early in the morning from (10 cm terminal shoot) for aphid and from three leaves, viz., one each from top, middle and lower canopy of the plant for leafhopper and whitefly one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after application of insecticides in both the sprays. Result: Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield. Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l and malathion 0.05 per cent were least effective against these insect pests. The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinky, Sapna, Sarita, Meenakshi, Vijay Kumar, Aarti Soni, K. D. Sharma
Background: Salinity stress affects crop yields worldwide. Mungbean, a popular grain legume with protein-rich seeds, is glycophytic and vulnerable to saline stress. Silicon has become a key ingredient that boosts plant enzymatic antioxidant activity and osmoprotectant synthesis, promoting stress tolerance. Methods: In chloride-dominated salinity conditions of 4 and 6 dSm-1, sodium meta-silicate administration strategies were examined in salt-affected mungbean (MH421). Two application strategies were used: foliar spraying at 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l at 30 and 45 DAS and soil addition at 50 mg/kg soil as a solution during planting. The effects of these treatments were examined at 33 and 48 DAS, three days following foliar sodium meta-silicate application. Result: Salinity stress reduced dry weight, nodule counts, gas exchange characteristics and plant water relation features, although Si treatment buffered the detrimental effect to a varied amount. Best effects were obtained with 100 ppm foliar application. Lipid peroxidation and electrolyte loss increased with salinity stress, while Si reduces these losses by scavenging free radicals. Silicon supplementation lowered Na+ and increased K+ absorption. Also, Si altered photosynthetic machinery, Na+/K+ homeostasis, osmolyte synthesis and oxidative stress in mungbean to reduce salinity stress and increase seed yield.
背景：盐分胁迫影响着全世界的作物产量。绿豆是一种广受欢迎的谷物豆类，种子富含蛋白质，具有糖叶性，易受盐胁迫影响。硅已成为促进植物酶抗氧化活性和渗透保护剂合成、提高抗逆性的关键成分。方法：在以氯化物为主的 4 和 6 dSm-1 盐度条件下，研究了在受盐分影响的绿豆（MH421）中施用偏硅酸钠的策略。采用了两种施用策略：在 30 和 45 DAS 叶面喷施 50 毫克/升和 100 毫克/升，以及在种植期间以 50 毫克/千克土壤的溶液添加到土壤中。在叶面喷施偏硅酸钠后三天，即 33 DAS 和 48 DAS，对这些处理的效果进行了检测。结果盐分胁迫降低了干重、结核数量、气体交换特性和植物水分关系特征，但 Si 处理在不同程度上缓冲了不利影响。叶面喷施 100ppm 的效果最好。脂质过氧化和电解质流失会随着盐胁迫而增加，而硅能清除自由基，从而减少这些损失。补硅能降低 Na+，增加 K+的吸收。此外，硅还能改变绿豆的光合作用机制、Na+/K+平衡、渗透溶质合成和氧化应激，从而减轻盐胁迫并提高种子产量。
{"title":"Impact of Silicon Application on Physiochemical Traits of Vigna radiata Exposed to Salinity Stress","authors":"Sinky, Sapna, Sarita, Meenakshi, Vijay Kumar, Aarti Soni, K. D. Sharma","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salinity stress affects crop yields worldwide. Mungbean, a popular grain legume with protein-rich seeds, is glycophytic and vulnerable to saline stress. Silicon has become a key ingredient that boosts plant enzymatic antioxidant activity and osmoprotectant synthesis, promoting stress tolerance. Methods: In chloride-dominated salinity conditions of 4 and 6 dSm-1, sodium meta-silicate administration strategies were examined in salt-affected mungbean (MH421). Two application strategies were used: foliar spraying at 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l at 30 and 45 DAS and soil addition at 50 mg/kg soil as a solution during planting. The effects of these treatments were examined at 33 and 48 DAS, three days following foliar sodium meta-silicate application. Result: Salinity stress reduced dry weight, nodule counts, gas exchange characteristics and plant water relation features, although Si treatment buffered the detrimental effect to a varied amount. Best effects were obtained with 100 ppm foliar application. Lipid peroxidation and electrolyte loss increased with salinity stress, while Si reduces these losses by scavenging free radicals. Silicon supplementation lowered Na+ and increased K+ absorption. Also, Si altered photosynthetic machinery, Na+/K+ homeostasis, osmolyte synthesis and oxidative stress in mungbean to reduce salinity stress and increase seed yield.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"2019 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mohanapriya, R. Kalpana, K. Aravinth, M. Guna, K. U. Kumar, M. Silambarasa
Background: In India, about 6.75 million ha, which is around 2.3% of the country’s geographical area is salt affected of which 3.79 million ha is sodic soil. Total sodic soil area in Tamil Nadu is around 0.36 million ha, accounting for 9.5% of total sodic soil area in India. Reclamation of salt-affected soil using drainage is expensive and leaching with good quality water is uneconomical in shallow water table areas. Addition of organic amendments performs a dual role in these situations by enhancing gypsum solubility and improving soil physico-chemical characteristics. Methods: In this context a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli during summer season of 2021 and 2022 to study the reclamation potential of ameliorants under sodic soil. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different soil amendments in main plot and foliar nutrition in sub plot. Result: The results showed that, gypsum @ 50% GR+CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 registered significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (53.5 and 58.4 cm), no. of branches plant-1 (7.27 and 6.75), DMP (2791 and 2801 kg ha-1), physiological characters viz.,CGR (4.12 and 4.46 g m-2 day-1), SPAD value (27.70 and 29.96), RWC (64.10 and 56.15%) and soluble protein (74.60 and 69.72 mg g-1) at harvest. It also increased grain yield of 834 and 875 kg ha-1 with higher exchangeable Ca and Mg with lower Na content during 2021 and 2022 year of experiments.
{"title":"Screening of Soil Ameliorants to Enhance the Productivity of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) under Sodic Soil in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"R. Mohanapriya, R. Kalpana, K. Aravinth, M. Guna, K. U. Kumar, M. Silambarasa","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, about 6.75 million ha, which is around 2.3% of the country’s geographical area is salt affected of which 3.79 million ha is sodic soil. Total sodic soil area in Tamil Nadu is around 0.36 million ha, accounting for 9.5% of total sodic soil area in India. Reclamation of salt-affected soil using drainage is expensive and leaching with good quality water is uneconomical in shallow water table areas. Addition of organic amendments performs a dual role in these situations by enhancing gypsum solubility and improving soil physico-chemical characteristics. Methods: In this context a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli during summer season of 2021 and 2022 to study the reclamation potential of ameliorants under sodic soil. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different soil amendments in main plot and foliar nutrition in sub plot. Result: The results showed that, gypsum @ 50% GR+CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 registered significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (53.5 and 58.4 cm), no. of branches plant-1 (7.27 and 6.75), DMP (2791 and 2801 kg ha-1), physiological characters viz.,CGR (4.12 and 4.46 g m-2 day-1), SPAD value (27.70 and 29.96), RWC (64.10 and 56.15%) and soluble protein (74.60 and 69.72 mg g-1) at harvest. It also increased grain yield of 834 and 875 kg ha-1 with higher exchangeable Ca and Mg with lower Na content during 2021 and 2022 year of experiments.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Papaya latex is a milky fluid secreted by ducts and is a complex mixture of phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). Lowry’s method was used to quantify the papain extracts from the fruits and leaves to measure cysteine protease activity. Methods: The experiment was conducted using the extracts of papaya fruit latex (Papain) and leaf extracts for phytochemical analysis. As a result, the enzyme concentration in crude extracts was highest in the fruit latex and lowest in the leaves. The dialyzed leaves extract band/color was very light in comparison to the fruit latex band/color, indicating that the enzyme concentration in the crude leaves sample was the lowest. Result: Quantitative estimation of protein content was observed higher in papaya fruit latex papain (82.5 mg/ml) and in papaya leaves (36.6 mg/ml). Positively higher significant results were also confirmed for the protease activity examined for latex and leaves valued 6.34 mg and 5.323 mg, respectively, whereas, the similar results were noted for the content of phytochemical constituents in fruit latex for glycosides, saponins and terpenoids as well as in leave extract for glycosides, flavonoid, phenol, reducing sugar, tannins, terpenoids, saponins.
{"title":"Study on Measuring Proteolytic Activity and Phyto Chemical Analysis of Fruit Latex and Leaves Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. CO2","authors":"Anis Mirza, Akula Srujana, Jatinder Singh","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6096","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Papaya latex is a milky fluid secreted by ducts and is a complex mixture of phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). Lowry’s method was used to quantify the papain extracts from the fruits and leaves to measure cysteine protease activity. Methods: The experiment was conducted using the extracts of papaya fruit latex (Papain) and leaf extracts for phytochemical analysis. As a result, the enzyme concentration in crude extracts was highest in the fruit latex and lowest in the leaves. The dialyzed leaves extract band/color was very light in comparison to the fruit latex band/color, indicating that the enzyme concentration in the crude leaves sample was the lowest. Result: Quantitative estimation of protein content was observed higher in papaya fruit latex papain (82.5 mg/ml) and in papaya leaves (36.6 mg/ml). Positively higher significant results were also confirmed for the protease activity examined for latex and leaves valued 6.34 mg and 5.323 mg, respectively, whereas, the similar results were noted for the content of phytochemical constituents in fruit latex for glycosides, saponins and terpenoids as well as in leave extract for glycosides, flavonoid, phenol, reducing sugar, tannins, terpenoids, saponins.","PeriodicalId":13398,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"305 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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