Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3523753
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3523753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3523753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10817829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3524335
Travis D. Crawford;Andrew J. Romes;Somnath Sengupta;Allen L. Garner
Microwave generation in ferromagnetic nonlinear pulse forming lines (NPFLs) depends strongly on material properties, particularly the damped gyromagnetic precession of a ferrite’s magnetic moments. Additionally, temperature-dependent material properties, such as saturation magnetization and coercivity, are critical for assuring stable operation due to their influence on the output center frequency. In this study, we measured the temperature-dependent hysteresis behavior of both ferrous and multiferroic composites for NPFL applications. We manufactured ferrous materials [nickel zinc ferrite (NZF), yttrium iron garnet (YIG), and cobalt ferrite (CoFe)] using the standard ceramic processing methods and characterized them from 100 to 400 K using vibrating sample magnetometry. Additionally, multiferroic materials were manufactured by adding barium strontium titanate (BST) and were characterized using the same methods. Most ferroic and multiferroic samples agree with Kneller’s and Bloch’s laws, which state that the temperature-dependent coercivity and saturation magnetization vary as $T^{1/2}$ and ${T}^{3/2}$ , respectively. Cobalt samples deviated slightly from Kneller’s law, while NZF deviated from Bloch’s law at temperatures below 200 K. For all samples, saturation magnetization decreased with increasing temperature and coercivity increased with decreasing temperature. These results provide a baseline analysis into temperature-dependent material properties for NPFL applications.
{"title":"Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Behavior of Ferroic and Multiferroic Ceramics From 100 to 400 K for Nonlinear Pulse Forming Line Applications","authors":"Travis D. Crawford;Andrew J. Romes;Somnath Sengupta;Allen L. Garner","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3524335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3524335","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave generation in ferromagnetic nonlinear pulse forming lines (NPFLs) depends strongly on material properties, particularly the damped gyromagnetic precession of a ferrite’s magnetic moments. Additionally, temperature-dependent material properties, such as saturation magnetization and coercivity, are critical for assuring stable operation due to their influence on the output center frequency. In this study, we measured the temperature-dependent hysteresis behavior of both ferrous and multiferroic composites for NPFL applications. We manufactured ferrous materials [nickel zinc ferrite (NZF), yttrium iron garnet (YIG), and cobalt ferrite (CoFe)] using the standard ceramic processing methods and characterized them from 100 to 400 K using vibrating sample magnetometry. Additionally, multiferroic materials were manufactured by adding barium strontium titanate (BST) and were characterized using the same methods. Most ferroic and multiferroic samples agree with Kneller’s and Bloch’s laws, which state that the temperature-dependent coercivity and saturation magnetization vary as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$T^{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${T}^{3/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Cobalt samples deviated slightly from Kneller’s law, while NZF deviated from Bloch’s law at temperatures below 200 K. For all samples, saturation magnetization decreased with increasing temperature and coercivity increased with decreasing temperature. These results provide a baseline analysis into temperature-dependent material properties for NPFL applications.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3514012
Summary form only. Presents summaries of IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturers Distinguished Lectures for 2025.
只有摘要形式。介绍2025年IEEE磁学学会杰出讲师杰出讲座摘要。
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturers for 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3514012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3514012","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. Presents summaries of IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturers Distinguished Lectures for 2025.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520456
{"title":"IEEE Magnetics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10817833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ThMn12-type SmFe12-based magnet is suggested to be a promising permanent magnet because of its intrinsic magnetic properties and thermal stability. However, their potential applications are currently limited, as the existence of a soft magnetic $alpha $ -Fe phase in the alloy deteriorates the hard magnetic properties. Hence, in this work, Nb element was introduced into the SmFe12 alloy to inhibit the precipitation of $alpha $ -(Fe, Co) phase, and the effects of Nb addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of melt-spun, hot-pressed (HP), and hot-deformed (HD) Sm1.2Zr0.2(Fe0.8Co0.2)11.5-x Ti0.5Nbx (${x} =0$ –0.4, at.%) alloys were systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the additional Nb element could increase the glass-forming ability and thus inhibit the formation of the $alpha $ -(Fe, Co) phase in the melt-spun ribbon. However, a zero-field shoulder appears in the demagnetization curves of the heat-treated ribbons due to the appearance of $alpha $ -(Fe, Co) phase, which could be suppressed by the HP process. As a result, the coercivity of Nb =0.2 HP magnet reaches 3.8 kOe, and the magnetic energy product (BH)max reaches 58.40 kJ/m3. Furthermore, a weak (001) texture of the 1:12 phase is obtained for the one-step HD magnet from the amorphous ribbons, which results in a remanence ${J} _{text {r}}$ of 0.11 T higher in the direction parallel to the c-axis compared to the direction perpendicular to the c-axis. The present result suggests a route to fabricate high-performance bulk SmFe12-based permanent magnets.
{"title":"Effects of Nb Content on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of the Sm₁.₂Zr₀.₂(Fe₀.₈Co₀.₂)₁₁.₅-ₓ Ti₀.₅Nbₓ (x=0 –0.4, at.%) Alloys","authors":"Shuainan Xu;Jinbo Wei;Chengli Li;Yan Wang;Zhen Shi;Xiaolian Liu;Yuan Hong;Anjian Pan;Yancheng Kong;Lizhong Zhao;Xuefeng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520698","url":null,"abstract":"ThMn12-type SmFe12-based magnet is suggested to be a promising permanent magnet because of its intrinsic magnetic properties and thermal stability. However, their potential applications are currently limited, as the existence of a soft magnetic <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe phase in the alloy deteriorates the hard magnetic properties. Hence, in this work, Nb element was introduced into the SmFe12 alloy to inhibit the precipitation of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-(Fe, Co) phase, and the effects of Nb addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of melt-spun, hot-pressed (HP), and hot-deformed (HD) Sm1.2Zr0.2(Fe0.8Co0.2)11.5-x Ti0.5Nbx (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${x} =0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–0.4, at.%) alloys were systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the additional Nb element could increase the glass-forming ability and thus inhibit the formation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-(Fe, Co) phase in the melt-spun ribbon. However, a zero-field shoulder appears in the demagnetization curves of the heat-treated ribbons due to the appearance of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-(Fe, Co) phase, which could be suppressed by the HP process. As a result, the coercivity of Nb =0.2 HP magnet reaches 3.8 kOe, and the magnetic energy product (BH)max reaches 58.40 kJ/m3. Furthermore, a weak (001) texture of the 1:12 phase is obtained for the one-step HD magnet from the amorphous ribbons, which results in a remanence <inline-formula> <tex-math>${J} _{text {r}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.11 T higher in the direction parallel to the c-axis compared to the direction perpendicular to the c-axis. The present result suggests a route to fabricate high-performance bulk SmFe12-based permanent magnets.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3519202
Yilun Li;Zhengwei Xie;Shiyou Yang;Zhuoxiang Ren
In this article, a novel hybrid multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm is proposed by combining an improved sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The original SSA is improved by the introduction of population updating mechanism of moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm and by adopting adaptive mutation; meanwhile, NSGA-II is enhanced by using Latin hypercube sampling and dynamical selection mechanism of crossover and mutation operators. The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is verified using standard test functions and it is applied to the multi-objective optimal designs of TEAM22 benchmark problem and topology optimization problem of an electromagnetic actuator prototype. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm and Its Application to Designs of Electromagnetic Devices","authors":"Yilun Li;Zhengwei Xie;Shiyou Yang;Zhuoxiang Ren","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3519202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3519202","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a novel hybrid multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm is proposed by combining an improved sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The original SSA is improved by the introduction of population updating mechanism of moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm and by adopting adaptive mutation; meanwhile, NSGA-II is enhanced by using Latin hypercube sampling and dynamical selection mechanism of crossover and mutation operators. The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is verified using standard test functions and it is applied to the multi-objective optimal designs of TEAM22 benchmark problem and topology optimization problem of an electromagnetic actuator prototype. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magneto-electric (ME) coupled sensors are a new type of magneto-mechanical-electrical-based sensors for weak magnetic (0–100 Hz, less than 100 nT) measurements. In practical applications, sensor performance parameters such as sensitivity, noise, and detection limit affect the test results. In this article, the ferroelectric hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric material (PZT) and the hysteresis curve of the magnetostrictive material (Metglas) were first tested. Two ME sensors with the same dimensions and similar resonance conditions were then connected in series, and the measurements showed a large improvement in the performance of the sensors. It is found that the series-connected sensor reduces the equivalent magnetic noise (EMN) from 6 to 3.4 pT/Hz$^{1/2}$ with no change in the inflection point of the low-frequency 1/f spectrum, and the performance is improved by 44%. The ME coupling effect is more obvious after the series connection, the ME coupling coefficient $alpha _{text {ME}} =333.15$ V/cm$cdot $ Oe, the detection limit can be as low as 60 pT, and the sensitivity of the series sensor is improved from 115 to 76 pT, which improves the performance by 33%. Finally, the forced vibration of the electrical signal when the sensors are connected in series is investigated.
{"title":"A Low-Equivalent Magnetic Noise and High-Sensitivity Magneto-Electric Coupling Sensor Based on Series Structure","authors":"Xiaoxu Liu;Zhihao Jiang;Shipeng Zhang;Quanming Gao;Zhao Yao;Yuheng Wang;Xiang Li;Ming Liu;Zhejun Jin;Shandong Li","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3520254","url":null,"abstract":"Magneto-electric (ME) coupled sensors are a new type of magneto-mechanical-electrical-based sensors for weak magnetic (0–100 Hz, less than 100 nT) measurements. In practical applications, sensor performance parameters such as sensitivity, noise, and detection limit affect the test results. In this article, the ferroelectric hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric material (PZT) and the hysteresis curve of the magnetostrictive material (Metglas) were first tested. Two ME sensors with the same dimensions and similar resonance conditions were then connected in series, and the measurements showed a large improvement in the performance of the sensors. It is found that the series-connected sensor reduces the equivalent magnetic noise (EMN) from 6 to 3.4 pT/Hz<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with no change in the inflection point of the low-frequency 1/f spectrum, and the performance is improved by 44%. The ME coupling effect is more obvious after the series connection, the ME coupling coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha _{text {ME}} =333.15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Oe, the detection limit can be as low as 60 pT, and the sensitivity of the series sensor is improved from 115 to 76 pT, which improves the performance by 33%. Finally, the forced vibration of the electrical signal when the sensors are connected in series is investigated.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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