Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3486081
Seyed Sina Vaezi;Luis J. Gomez
A new volume integral equation (VIE) approach is introduced to study transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-contrast media at low frequencies. This new integral equation offers a simple solution to the high-contrast breakdown observed in low-frequency electric field (E-field) dosimetry of conductive media. Specifically, we employ appropriate approximations that are valid for low frequencies and stabilize the VIE by introducing a basis expansion set that removes solutions associated with high eigenvalues in the equation. The new equation is devoid of high-contrast breakdown and does not require the use of auxiliary surface variables or projectors, providing a straightforward practical solution for the VIE analysis of TMS. Our results indicate that the novel VIE formulation matches boundary elements, finite elements, and analytical solutions. This new VIE represents a first step toward including anisotropy in integral equation E-field dosimetry for brain stimulation.
本文介绍了一种新的体积积分方程（VIE）方法，用于研究低频经颅磁刺激（TMS）和高对比度介质。这种新的积分方程为导电介质低频电场（E-field）剂量测定中观察到的高对比度崩溃提供了一个简单的解决方案。具体来说，我们采用了对低频有效的适当近似值，并通过引入基扩展集来稳定 VIE，从而消除方程中与高特征值相关的解。新方程没有高对比度击穿，不需要使用辅助表面变量或投影器，为 TMS 的 VIE 分析提供了直接实用的解决方案。我们的研究结果表明，新的 VIE 公式与边界元、有限元和分析解法相匹配。这种新的 VIE 代表了将各向异性纳入用于脑刺激的积分方程 E 场剂量测定的第一步。
{"title":"Novel Volume Integral Equation Approach for Low-Frequency E-Field Dosimetry of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","authors":"Seyed Sina Vaezi;Luis J. Gomez","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3486081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3486081","url":null,"abstract":"A new volume integral equation (VIE) approach is introduced to study transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-contrast media at low frequencies. This new integral equation offers a simple solution to the high-contrast breakdown observed in low-frequency electric field (E-field) dosimetry of conductive media. Specifically, we employ appropriate approximations that are valid for low frequencies and stabilize the VIE by introducing a basis expansion set that removes solutions associated with high eigenvalues in the equation. The new equation is devoid of high-contrast breakdown and does not require the use of auxiliary surface variables or projectors, providing a straightforward practical solution for the VIE analysis of TMS. Our results indicate that the novel VIE formulation matches boundary elements, finite elements, and analytical solutions. This new VIE represents a first step toward including anisotropy in integral equation E-field dosimetry for brain stimulation.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor (SPMM), which uses multi-level magnet combination to improve air-gap magnetic field distribution, is modeled and optimized based on analytical method (AM). The multi-level magnets adopt the specific combination of NdFeB and ferrite with different remanences to reduce the harmonics of the air-gap magnetic field and the torque ripple. First, the analytical modeling method of SPMM with multi-level NdFeB and ferrite magnets is presented, and the results are compared with finite element method (FEM) results. To further improve the performance, the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm is used to optimize the average torque, torque ripple, and magnet cost, taking the angles of different magnets as variables. The effectiveness of the optimization approach is verified by comparing the fitness and computation with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, a prototype is manufactured based on the optimization results, and the tested electromagnetic performance is compared with the FEM and analytical results.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Motor With Multi-Level Magnet Combination Using Analytical Method","authors":"Chengwu Diao;Wenliang Zhao;Longxuan Li;Xiuhe Wang;Byung-il Kwon","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3484679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3484679","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor (SPMM), which uses multi-level magnet combination to improve air-gap magnetic field distribution, is modeled and optimized based on analytical method (AM). The multi-level magnets adopt the specific combination of NdFeB and ferrite with different remanences to reduce the harmonics of the air-gap magnetic field and the torque ripple. First, the analytical modeling method of SPMM with multi-level NdFeB and ferrite magnets is presented, and the results are compared with finite element method (FEM) results. To further improve the performance, the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm is used to optimize the average torque, torque ripple, and magnet cost, taking the angles of different magnets as variables. The effectiveness of the optimization approach is verified by comparing the fitness and computation with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, a prototype is manufactured based on the optimization results, and the tested electromagnetic performance is compared with the FEM and analytical results.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an emerging and highly promising magnetic levitation technology, superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) can be applied to areas such as high-speed maglev transport, ultrahigh-speed electromagnetic propulsion, and launching. However, the low-damping characteristics of the SC EDS system lead to vibration and even suspension instability during its operation. Therefore, the low damping problem has been a key issue for the EDS system. Aiming to solve the instability problem of the EDS system for a high-speed maglev sled, this article proposes a passive damping scheme based on the permanent magnet damping conductive plate (PMDCP) structure, which utilizes PM Halbach arrays fixed on the sled to induce eddy currents in the conductive plates fixed along the track as the sled is traveling. First, the structure and principle of the PMDCP damping enhancement scheme are introduced, and the second-order vector potential (SOVP) is introduced to deduce the theoretical calculation (TC) formula of the electromagnetic force, and the 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) is applied to validate the TC. Second, the optimization of the dimensions of the permanent magnet (PM) arrays is discussed. Third, an experimental rotating test rig is constructed to verify the TC. Finally, the proposed passive damping scheme is applied to a virtual prototype co-simulation model to study the damping effect on the dynamic responses of the maglev sled system. The results show that the scheme can significantly increase the damping of the system, and the vibrations of the vertical movement and the pitching motion of the vehicle can be well suppressed. The passive damping scheme proposed in this article shows great potential for application to vehicle structures with SC EDS systems.
{"title":"A Suspension Damping Enhancement Method Based on Permanent Magnet Damping Conductive Plate for Superconducting Maglev Sled","authors":"Pengxiang Zhu;Jie Li;Qiang Chen;Yiqiu Tan;Mingxin Liu;Danfeng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3485189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3485189","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging and highly promising magnetic levitation technology, superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) can be applied to areas such as high-speed maglev transport, ultrahigh-speed electromagnetic propulsion, and launching. However, the low-damping characteristics of the SC EDS system lead to vibration and even suspension instability during its operation. Therefore, the low damping problem has been a key issue for the EDS system. Aiming to solve the instability problem of the EDS system for a high-speed maglev sled, this article proposes a passive damping scheme based on the permanent magnet damping conductive plate (PMDCP) structure, which utilizes PM Halbach arrays fixed on the sled to induce eddy currents in the conductive plates fixed along the track as the sled is traveling. First, the structure and principle of the PMDCP damping enhancement scheme are introduced, and the second-order vector potential (SOVP) is introduced to deduce the theoretical calculation (TC) formula of the electromagnetic force, and the 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) is applied to validate the TC. Second, the optimization of the dimensions of the permanent magnet (PM) arrays is discussed. Third, an experimental rotating test rig is constructed to verify the TC. Finally, the proposed passive damping scheme is applied to a virtual prototype co-simulation model to study the damping effect on the dynamic responses of the maglev sled system. The results show that the scheme can significantly increase the damping of the system, and the vibrations of the vertical movement and the pitching motion of the vehicle can be well suppressed. The passive damping scheme proposed in this article shows great potential for application to vehicle structures with SC EDS systems.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3484128
A. Gschwentner;M. Embacher;K. Roppert;M. Kaltenbacher
This article introduces a recently developed printed circuit board (PCB)-based field metric measurement system designed for the BH characterization of electrical steel sheets under both uniaxial and rotational magnetization. This innovative design addresses several challenges associated with conventional methods, including issues related to clockwise and counterclockwise (CW/CCW) magnetization, the labor-intensive winding process of B-coils, coil misalignment, and positioning inaccuracies. With enhanced accuracy and repeatability, this system significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of BH characterization, thereby facilitating more precise design and optimization of electrical devices, which can lead to improved performance and energy efficiency. Validation experiments demonstrate that the repeatability and accuracy of measurements obtained with this system have been substantially enhanced compared with traditional field metric measurement systems.
本文介绍了最近开发的基于印刷电路板（PCB）的磁场度量测量系统，该系统设计用于在单轴和旋转磁化条件下对电工钢片进行 BH 表征。这一创新设计解决了与传统方法相关的几个难题，包括与顺时针和逆时针（CW/CCW）磁化相关的问题、耗费大量人力的 B 线圈缠绕过程、线圈错位和定位不准确。该系统具有更高的精确度和可重复性，大大提高了 BH 表征的效率和可靠性，从而有助于更精确地设计和优化电气设备，从而提高性能和能效。验证实验表明，与传统的现场度量测量系统相比，使用该系统获得的测量结果的可重复性和准确性得到了大幅提高。
{"title":"Development of a PCB-Based Field Metric Measurement System for the Rotational Single Sheet Tester","authors":"A. Gschwentner;M. Embacher;K. Roppert;M. Kaltenbacher","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3484128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3484128","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a recently developed printed circuit board (PCB)-based field metric measurement system designed for the BH characterization of electrical steel sheets under both uniaxial and rotational magnetization. This innovative design addresses several challenges associated with conventional methods, including issues related to clockwise and counterclockwise (CW/CCW) magnetization, the labor-intensive winding process of B-coils, coil misalignment, and positioning inaccuracies. With enhanced accuracy and repeatability, this system significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of BH characterization, thereby facilitating more precise design and optimization of electrical devices, which can lead to improved performance and energy efficiency. Validation experiments demonstrate that the repeatability and accuracy of measurements obtained with this system have been substantially enhanced compared with traditional field metric measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10723783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3481295
Cheng Xu;Haiyan Xing;Qing Han;Weinan Liu;Ming Yi
Metal magnetic memory (MMM) has gained attention in both academia and industry as a nondestructive testing (NDT) method capable of achieving early diagnosis of ferromagnetic materials and structures under various stress states and damage forms. The quantitative MMM detection, however, has been limited in engineering applications due to the imprecision of the quantitative relationship between stress-magnetization-defect size, the poor similarity between the simplified geometries of the characterization model and the actual defects, as well as the inability of the characterization signals to accurately reflect the spatial distribution of the magnetic field at the defects. In this article, in order to be consistent with engineering defects, the ellipsoid defect is adopted as the research object. Based on the combination of hysteresis characteristics, demagnetization energy, and finite element method, the quantitative relationship between stress vector, magnetic charge density, and defect size is derived, and an MMM detection forward model for defects containing an inhomogeneous distribution of stresses is established. The results of the experiments show that the predictions of the model agree with the experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively. On this basis, the spatial distribution characteristics of the 3-D signal components at the defect were analyzed, and the advantages of the previously unnoticed X-directional component in determining the shape and size of the defect were revealed. Meanwhile, the influence laws of dimensional parameters, lift-off height, stress, and burial depth on the MMM signals are discussed in detail, which provides a theoretical basis for the quantitative identification of defects in practical engineering.
金属磁记忆（MMM）作为一种无损检测（NDT）方法，能够对各种应力状态和损伤形式下的铁磁材料和结构进行早期诊断，因此受到学术界和工业界的关注。然而，由于应力-磁化-缺陷尺寸之间的定量关系不精确，表征模型的简化几何形状与实际缺陷之间的相似性较差，以及表征信号无法准确反映缺陷处磁场的空间分布，因此 MMM 定量检测在工程应用中受到了限制。为了与工程缺陷保持一致，本文以椭圆形缺陷为研究对象。在结合磁滞特性、退磁能量和有限元法的基础上，得出了应力矢量、磁荷密度和缺陷尺寸之间的定量关系，并建立了针对含有不均匀应力分布缺陷的 MMM 检测前向模型。实验结果表明，该模型的预测与实验数据在定性和定量方面都一致。在此基础上，分析了缺陷处三维信号分量的空间分布特征，揭示了之前未被注意到的 X 方向分量在确定缺陷形状和尺寸方面的优势。同时，详细讨论了尺寸参数、升起高度、应力和埋深对 MMM 信号的影响规律，为实际工程中缺陷的定量识别提供了理论依据。
{"title":"A 3-D Forward Model of Metal Magnetic Memory Method for Quantitative Defect Detection","authors":"Cheng Xu;Haiyan Xing;Qing Han;Weinan Liu;Ming Yi","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3481295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3481295","url":null,"abstract":"Metal magnetic memory (MMM) has gained attention in both academia and industry as a nondestructive testing (NDT) method capable of achieving early diagnosis of ferromagnetic materials and structures under various stress states and damage forms. The quantitative MMM detection, however, has been limited in engineering applications due to the imprecision of the quantitative relationship between stress-magnetization-defect size, the poor similarity between the simplified geometries of the characterization model and the actual defects, as well as the inability of the characterization signals to accurately reflect the spatial distribution of the magnetic field at the defects. In this article, in order to be consistent with engineering defects, the ellipsoid defect is adopted as the research object. Based on the combination of hysteresis characteristics, demagnetization energy, and finite element method, the quantitative relationship between stress vector, magnetic charge density, and defect size is derived, and an MMM detection forward model for defects containing an inhomogeneous distribution of stresses is established. The results of the experiments show that the predictions of the model agree with the experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively. On this basis, the spatial distribution characteristics of the 3-D signal components at the defect were analyzed, and the advantages of the previously unnoticed X-directional component in determining the shape and size of the defect were revealed. Meanwhile, the influence laws of dimensional parameters, lift-off height, stress, and burial depth on the MMM signals are discussed in detail, which provides a theoretical basis for the quantitative identification of defects in practical engineering.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354
Botond Tamás Csathó;Zsolt Badics;József Pávó;Bálint Péter Horváth
A fast 3-D numerical solver based on an electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation is developed for analyzing metasurfaces (MTSs) in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) applications. As part of the numerical model, a new methodology is introduced for the systematic generation of characteristic cell functions (CCFs). The CCFs provide a global approximation function set for the surface currents on perfect electric conductor (PEC) patches of the MTS cells with significantly fewer unknowns than regular localized expansion functions. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of CCFs for 3-D illustrative scenarios and present the substantial performance improvement they enable.
{"title":"Accelerated 3-D Analysis of Metasurfaces for RIS Applications by Characteristic Cell Functions","authors":"Botond Tamás Csathó;Zsolt Badics;József Pávó;Bálint Péter Horváth","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3480354","url":null,"abstract":"A fast 3-D numerical solver based on an electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation is developed for analyzing metasurfaces (MTSs) in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) applications. As part of the numerical model, a new methodology is introduced for the systematic generation of characteristic cell functions (CCFs). The CCFs provide a global approximation function set for the surface currents on perfect electric conductor (PEC) patches of the MTS cells with significantly fewer unknowns than regular localized expansion functions. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of CCFs for 3-D illustrative scenarios and present the substantial performance improvement they enable.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposed, optimized, and compared two dual-rotor axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machines for all-electric aircraft (AEA) propulsion. First, the design requirements are determined, and the initial structures of the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) machine and the axial-flux vernier PM (AFVPM) machine are designed with identical outer radius, inner radius, and axial length. Several features, including the Halbach array and PM skewing, are introduced to improve power density and efficiency. Then, to reduce the computational burden of finite element analysis (FEA), the surrogate models of machines are constructed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The electromagnetic performances, such as induced voltage, torque characters, and efficiency of the proposed machines, are simulated. Subsequently, the discussions are carried out, where the strength and weakness of the two machines are evaluated. Finally, it is concluded that the YASA machine is a superior choice for AEA propulsion due to its higher output torque, power density, torque density, and efficiency when compared to the AFVPM machine.
{"title":"Evolution and Comparison of Two Axial-Flux PM Machines for All-Electric Aircraft Propulsion","authors":"Dingbang Long;Honghui Wen;Zhikang Shuai;Yafei Lu;Bingjie Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3478376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3478376","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposed, optimized, and compared two dual-rotor axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machines for all-electric aircraft (AEA) propulsion. First, the design requirements are determined, and the initial structures of the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) machine and the axial-flux vernier PM (AFVPM) machine are designed with identical outer radius, inner radius, and axial length. Several features, including the Halbach array and PM skewing, are introduced to improve power density and efficiency. Then, to reduce the computational burden of finite element analysis (FEA), the surrogate models of machines are constructed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The electromagnetic performances, such as induced voltage, torque characters, and efficiency of the proposed machines, are simulated. Subsequently, the discussions are carried out, where the strength and weakness of the two machines are evaluated. Finally, it is concluded that the YASA machine is a superior choice for AEA propulsion due to its higher output torque, power density, torque density, and efficiency when compared to the AFVPM machine.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448
Hidenori Sasaki;Kazuhisa Iwata;Takahiro Sato;Yuki Sato
This study proposes a novel methodology for directly training response surfaces of torque and magnet flux density distributions of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) under specified input conditions and predicting the speed-torque characteristics or torque wave. Existing models have low prediction accuracy when simultaneously integrating shape information and current conditions. To overcome this challenge and improve the prediction of motor characteristics, a new deep learning (DL) model that combines deep operator networks and convolutional neural networks is proposed. This advanced approach greatly improves the accuracy of motor characteristic predictions across varying current levels and rotational angles, achieving an 89.6% increase in accuracy compared to comparative methods. The model is successfully applied to parameter and topology optimization (TO), effectively maximizing the speed-torque characteristics of IPMSMs.
{"title":"Prediction of Motor Characteristic Maps via Deep Operator Networks for Topology Optimization","authors":"Hidenori Sasaki;Kazuhisa Iwata;Takahiro Sato;Yuki Sato","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477448","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel methodology for directly training response surfaces of torque and magnet flux density distributions of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) under specified input conditions and predicting the speed-torque characteristics or torque wave. Existing models have low prediction accuracy when simultaneously integrating shape information and current conditions. To overcome this challenge and improve the prediction of motor characteristics, a new deep learning (DL) model that combines deep operator networks and convolutional neural networks is proposed. This advanced approach greatly improves the accuracy of motor characteristic predictions across varying current levels and rotational angles, achieving an 89.6% increase in accuracy compared to comparative methods. The model is successfully applied to parameter and topology optimization (TO), effectively maximizing the speed-torque characteristics of IPMSMs.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the applications and production demands for high-speed axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors continue to expand, conventional motor designs are increasingly challenged to achieve high-quality torque while adhering to shorter design cycles. To address this issue, this article proposes an analytical method for slotless AFPM motors with specific magnets to make back electromotive force (EMF) sinusoidal for low torque ripple. Initially, the design principle of the sinusoidal magnet is introduced, and the air gap magnetic field of the AFPM motor is modeled based on the sinusoidal magnet shape, with a comparison of the ring magnet. Subsequently, the back EMF of the AFPM motor with toroidal and bunched winding is deduced and compared by winding function. The torque performance is further calculated to verify the effectiveness of the low torque ripple design. Finally, the prototype with sinusoidal magnets and bunched winding is manufactured, and the analytical results are consistent with experimental tests.
{"title":"Analytical Calculation of Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor With Sinusoidal Magnets for Torque Ripple Reduction","authors":"Chengwu Diao;Wenliang Zhao;Longxuan Li;Sunil Kumar;Byung-Il Kwon","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3477923","url":null,"abstract":"As the applications and production demands for high-speed axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors continue to expand, conventional motor designs are increasingly challenged to achieve high-quality torque while adhering to shorter design cycles. To address this issue, this article proposes an analytical method for slotless AFPM motors with specific magnets to make back electromotive force (EMF) sinusoidal for low torque ripple. Initially, the design principle of the sinusoidal magnet is introduced, and the air gap magnetic field of the AFPM motor is modeled based on the sinusoidal magnet shape, with a comparison of the ring magnet. Subsequently, the back EMF of the AFPM motor with toroidal and bunched winding is deduced and compared by winding function. The torque performance is further calculated to verify the effectiveness of the low torque ripple design. Finally, the prototype with sinusoidal magnets and bunched winding is manufactured, and the analytical results are consistent with experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"60 12","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3476925
Christoph Julien Wegmann;Harald Klingbeil
In this article, an extended transmission line theory is derived and utilized to generate simple broadband models for ferrite transmission line transformers in the kilo- and megahertz range. Using the extended description of a transmission line leads to a compact element that can easily be inserted into the circuit of a device. The resulting models are verified through measurements of various transformers and produce qualitatively and quantitatively accurate predictions. Lastly, simulation analysis using CST Studio Suite confirms the internal physical behavior of the extended transmission line model, specifically its distinction between symmetrical and unsymmetrical currents.
本文推导出一种扩展的传输线理论，并利用该理论为千赫兹和兆赫兹范围内的铁氧体传输线变压器生成简单的宽带模型。利用对传输线的扩展描述，可以轻松地将紧凑的元件插入设备电路中。通过对各种变压器的测量验证了由此产生的模型，并得出了准确的定性和定量预测。最后，使用 CST Studio Suite 进行的仿真分析证实了扩展传输线模型的内部物理行为，特别是其对对称电流和非对称电流的区分。
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