Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635521
Seth Stewart;Joseph Pawelski;Steve Ward;Andrew J. Petruska
Extending the field of magnetic manipulation to conductive, non-magnetic objects opens the door for a wide array of applications previously limited to hard or soft magnetic materials. Of particular interest is the recycling of space debris through the use of oscillating magnetic fields, which represent a cache of raw materials in an environment particularly suited to the low forces generated from inductive magnetic manipulation. Building upon previous work that demonstrated 3-D open-loop position control by leveraging the opposing dipole moment created from induced eddy currents, this work demonstrates closed-loop position control of a semibuoyant aluminum sphere in laboratory tests, and the efficacy of varying methods for force inversion is explored. The closed-loop methods represent a critical first step toward wider applications for 3-DOF position control of induced magnetic dipoles.
{"title":"Non-Contact Manipulation of Induced Magnetic Dipoles","authors":"Seth Stewart;Joseph Pawelski;Steve Ward;Andrew J. Petruska","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635521","url":null,"abstract":"Extending the field of magnetic manipulation to conductive, non-magnetic objects opens the door for a wide array of applications previously limited to hard or soft magnetic materials. Of particular interest is the recycling of space debris through the use of oscillating magnetic fields, which represent a cache of raw materials in an environment particularly suited to the low forces generated from inductive magnetic manipulation. Building upon previous work that demonstrated 3-D open-loop position control by leveraging the opposing dipole moment created from induced eddy currents, this work demonstrates closed-loop position control of a semibuoyant aluminum sphere in laboratory tests, and the efficacy of varying methods for force inversion is explored. The closed-loop methods represent a critical first step toward wider applications for 3-DOF position control of induced magnetic dipoles.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635285
M. Šoka;M. Ušáková;R. Dosoudil;V. Jančárik;J. Škriniarová;E. Ušák
The effect of lanthanum (La) substitution and sintering temperature variation on the selected parameters of nickel–zinc ferrites was the subject of our analysis. To determine the structural parameters, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. The magnetic properties of ferrites were measured by applying the methods of thermomagnetic analysis and using the hysteresis loop measurements. Moreover, to analyze the magnetic behavior of prepared polymer composites, we used the results of measuring the frequency dependences of the complex permeability. The ferrite filler content in all the investigated composites was 60 vol% and epoxy resin was used as the polymer matrix. The conducted research represents a comprehensive study of doped ferrites covering a remarkable range of sintering temperatures at a constant ratio of input materials.
{"title":"Lanthanum-Substituted Nickel–Zinc Ferrites Used as Fillers for Composites","authors":"M. Šoka;M. Ušáková;R. Dosoudil;V. Jančárik;J. Škriniarová;E. Ušák","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3635285","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of lanthanum (La) substitution and sintering temperature variation on the selected parameters of nickel–zinc ferrites was the subject of our analysis. To determine the structural parameters, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. The magnetic properties of ferrites were measured by applying the methods of thermomagnetic analysis and using the hysteresis loop measurements. Moreover, to analyze the magnetic behavior of prepared polymer composites, we used the results of measuring the frequency dependences of the complex permeability. The ferrite filler content in all the investigated composites was 60 vol% and epoxy resin was used as the polymer matrix. The conducted research represents a comprehensive study of doped ferrites covering a remarkable range of sintering temperatures at a constant ratio of input materials.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634275
P. Pillárová;I. Antal;I. Khmara;V. Závišová;M. Kubovčíková;A. Juríková;V. Jedinák;J. Kováč;M. Koneracká
Recent advancements in nanoscience have demonstrated the enzyme-mimicking capabilities of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this study, the peroxidase-like activity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of different molecular weights was investigated. The results revealed that magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with a lower molecular weight PVA exhibited a higher substrate affinity toward N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD), suggesting enhanced catalytic efficiency at lower substrate concentrations.
{"title":"Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications","authors":"P. Pillárová;I. Antal;I. Khmara;V. Závišová;M. Kubovčíková;A. Juríková;V. Jedinák;J. Kováč;M. Koneracká","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634275","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in nanoscience have demonstrated the enzyme-mimicking capabilities of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this study, the peroxidase-like activity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of different molecular weights was investigated. The results revealed that magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with a lower molecular weight PVA exhibited a higher substrate affinity toward N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD), suggesting enhanced catalytic efficiency at lower substrate concentrations.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634805
Xin Wang;Chuan Zhao;Shuoyu Wang;Junjie Jin;Feng Sun
The magnetic levitation conveyor system consists of two primary components: the levitation system and the drive system. This article proposes a drive system for a long stroke magnetic levitation conveyor. The mover has the characteristics of low mass, high-frequency noise suppression, fast dynamic response, and low disturbance. First, the no-load magnetic field model is developed using the equivalent surface current method. Subsequently, the parameters of the drive system are modeled and analyzed. Utilizing these parameters as fundamental inputs, a state-space equation for the system is established. Furthermore, to account for the mechanical and electrical coupling of the bilateral mover, parameter asymmetry, and mutual-inductance coupling are incorporated into the state-space equations, resulting in a model of the drive system. The open-loop response is analyzed to reveal the inherent characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the drive system. Finally, based on the inherent characteristics of the drive system, the fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller is designed for displacement and speed control. Moreover, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize multiple controller parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the controller parameters optimized using the PSO algorithm ensure stable displacement control. Additionally, the displacement precision of the magnetic drive system is enhanced by the FOPID controller. Experimental verification confirms that the analytical model achieves high computational accuracy.
{"title":"Characteristic Analysis and Displacement Control of Magnetic Drive System for Magnetic Levitation Conveyor","authors":"Xin Wang;Chuan Zhao;Shuoyu Wang;Junjie Jin;Feng Sun","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3634805","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic levitation conveyor system consists of two primary components: the levitation system and the drive system. This article proposes a drive system for a long stroke magnetic levitation conveyor. The mover has the characteristics of low mass, high-frequency noise suppression, fast dynamic response, and low disturbance. First, the no-load magnetic field model is developed using the equivalent surface current method. Subsequently, the parameters of the drive system are modeled and analyzed. Utilizing these parameters as fundamental inputs, a state-space equation for the system is established. Furthermore, to account for the mechanical and electrical coupling of the bilateral mover, parameter asymmetry, and mutual-inductance coupling are incorporated into the state-space equations, resulting in a model of the drive system. The open-loop response is analyzed to reveal the inherent characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the drive system. Finally, based on the inherent characteristics of the drive system, the fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller is designed for displacement and speed control. Moreover, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize multiple controller parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the controller parameters optimized using the PSO algorithm ensure stable displacement control. Additionally, the displacement precision of the magnetic drive system is enhanced by the FOPID controller. Experimental verification confirms that the analytical model achieves high computational accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633731
Yi-Ju Liao;Jen-Yuan Chang
This study presents an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework for diagnosing and mitigating input/output operations per second (IOPS) degradation in hard disk drives (HDDs) through slot-aware placement optimization. The framework integrates decision trees (DTs), which provide model transparency, with neural networks capable of capturing nonlinear patterns, thereby enabling the identification of complex interactions between HDD performance and structural slot characteristics. A series of 36 slotreassignment experiments (12 slots × 3 vendors × 1 trial each), conducted across 12 physical positions and involving three HDD vendors (Seagate, HGST, and WD), demonstrate consistent IOPS recovery, achieving an average maximum improvement of 23.3% without hardware modification. The proposed approach facilitates proactive, data-driven drive placement planning and presents a scalable solution for improving system reliability and sustainability in large-scale data center environments.
{"title":"An Explainable Machine Learning Framework for IOPS Degradation Modeling and Slot-Level HDD Layout Optimization","authors":"Yi-Ju Liao;Jen-Yuan Chang","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633731","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework for diagnosing and mitigating input/output operations per second (IOPS) degradation in hard disk drives (HDDs) through slot-aware placement optimization. The framework integrates decision trees (DTs), which provide model transparency, with neural networks capable of capturing nonlinear patterns, thereby enabling the identification of complex interactions between HDD performance and structural slot characteristics. A series of 36 slotreassignment experiments (12 slots × 3 vendors × 1 trial each), conducted across 12 physical positions and involving three HDD vendors (Seagate, HGST, and WD), demonstrate consistent IOPS recovery, achieving an average maximum improvement of 23.3% without hardware modification. The proposed approach facilitates proactive, data-driven drive placement planning and presents a scalable solution for improving system reliability and sustainability in large-scale data center environments.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633161
P. Hrubovčák;L’. Nagy;A. Zeleňáková;D. Volavka;M. Abdolrahimi;A. Omelyanchik;D. Peddis
Using the thermal decomposition method, we have prepared monodisperse cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) of average size ~12 nm. A ligand exchange process was carried out to replace the post-synthesis hydrophobic oleic acid (OA) coating with hydrophilic polyacrylic acid (PAA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful ligand exchange process, and zeta potential measurements validated long-term stability in water in a broad pH range due to a significant negative charge of PPA-coated samples (−30 mV). Importantly, the magnetic behavior remains essentially unchanged with saturation magnetization (~65 A · m2/kg) and coercivity (~80 mT) at 300 K for samples before and after ligand exchange. In addition, δm plots confirmed moderate dipoledipole interparticle magnetic interactions, which remained consistent after surface modification. These findings demonstrate that surface functionalization with PAA preserves the key magnetic features of CoFe2O4 NPs, while providing stability in aqueous media for further biomedical applications.
{"title":"Polyacrylic Acid Ligand Exchange in Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles: Aqueous Stability Without Compromising Magnetic Properties","authors":"P. Hrubovčák;L’. Nagy;A. Zeleňáková;D. Volavka;M. Abdolrahimi;A. Omelyanchik;D. Peddis","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3633161","url":null,"abstract":"Using the thermal decomposition method, we have prepared monodisperse cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) of average size ~12 nm. A ligand exchange process was carried out to replace the post-synthesis hydrophobic oleic acid (OA) coating with hydrophilic polyacrylic acid (PAA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful ligand exchange process, and zeta potential measurements validated long-term stability in water in a broad pH range due to a significant negative charge of PPA-coated samples (−30 mV). Importantly, the magnetic behavior remains essentially unchanged with saturation magnetization (~65 A · m2/kg) and coercivity (~80 mT) at 300 K for samples before and after ligand exchange. In addition, δm plots confirmed moderate dipoledipole interparticle magnetic interactions, which remained consistent after surface modification. These findings demonstrate that surface functionalization with PAA preserves the key magnetic features of CoFe2O4 NPs, while providing stability in aqueous media for further biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632247
Hongchao Cui;Xiong Jin;Heng Zhou;Tong Zhang;Huifang Ma;Decai Li;Zhenkun Li
To advance the development of magnetorheological display technology, this research explores the synergistic application of magnetic fluids and permanent magnets. The study focused on magnetic fluids with a saturation magnetization of 15.54 emu/g. Through the design of a permanent magnet deflection mechanism and magnetic field simulation testing, it established the maximum permissible distance between the permanent magnet and the display screen during magnetic fluid adsorption. This provides crucial structural design parameters for magnetic fluid displays. Building upon this foundation, the research further proposed a control scheme for the magnetohydrodynamic digital clock and successfully fabricated a prototype device. In addition, the methodology used in this study enabled the display of the Chinese character “horse” as a magnetohydrodynamic pattern. This study not only validates the feasibility of applying magnetic fluids and permanent magnets in the field of magnetohydrodynamic displays but also provides novel insights and practical references for advancing magnetohydrodynamic display technology through the determination of key parameters and display scheme design.
{"title":"Magnetofluidic Display Technology and Clock Design Based on Permanent Magnet Drive","authors":"Hongchao Cui;Xiong Jin;Heng Zhou;Tong Zhang;Huifang Ma;Decai Li;Zhenkun Li","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632247","url":null,"abstract":"To advance the development of magnetorheological display technology, this research explores the synergistic application of magnetic fluids and permanent magnets. The study focused on magnetic fluids with a saturation magnetization of 15.54 emu/g. Through the design of a permanent magnet deflection mechanism and magnetic field simulation testing, it established the maximum permissible distance between the permanent magnet and the display screen during magnetic fluid adsorption. This provides crucial structural design parameters for magnetic fluid displays. Building upon this foundation, the research further proposed a control scheme for the magnetohydrodynamic digital clock and successfully fabricated a prototype device. In addition, the methodology used in this study enabled the display of the Chinese character “horse” as a magnetohydrodynamic pattern. This study not only validates the feasibility of applying magnetic fluids and permanent magnets in the field of magnetohydrodynamic displays but also provides novel insights and practical references for advancing magnetohydrodynamic display technology through the determination of key parameters and display scheme design.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analytically solve Poisson’s equation for the magnetic scalar potential generated by a uniformly magnetized rectangular prism and determine a closed-form solution for the magnetic scalar potential given only in terms of arctan and natural logarithmic functions. We show that the magnetic scalar potential can be written as a demagnetization vector, containing all the geometric information, multiplied with the magnetization, analogous to demagnetization tensors. We validate the derived analytical expression for the magnetic scalar potential by comparing it with a finite element simulation and show that these agree perfectly. We finally extend the concept of the demagnetization vector and tensor, which contains the geometric information for the source generating the potential, to gravitational objects.
{"title":"The Magnetic Scalar Potential for a Rectangular Prism","authors":"Berian James;Stefan Pollok;Jes Frellsen;Rasmus Bjørk","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632626","url":null,"abstract":"We analytically solve Poisson’s equation for the magnetic scalar potential generated by a uniformly magnetized rectangular prism and determine a closed-form solution for the magnetic scalar potential given only in terms of arctan and natural logarithmic functions. We show that the magnetic scalar potential can be written as a demagnetization vector, containing all the geometric information, multiplied with the magnetization, analogous to demagnetization tensors. We validate the derived analytical expression for the magnetic scalar potential by comparing it with a finite element simulation and show that these agree perfectly. We finally extend the concept of the demagnetization vector and tensor, which contains the geometric information for the source generating the potential, to gravitational objects.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632479
Juan Manuel Conde Garrido;Jone Ugarte Valdivielso;Jose I. Aizpurua;Manex Barrenetxea Iñarra;Josefina María Silveyra
We introduce a novel blind optimization method for determining the parameters of the Jiles–Atherton model of hysteresis, eliminating the need for user-provided initial guesses or search spaces. A carefully designed initialization procedure combined with a standard optimizer yields a high-performing, practical method for parameter estimation. Validation against a theoretical benchmark recovers ground-truth parameters in under half a minute with negligible error (relative error < 4 $times$ 10−8). When applied to the TEAM32 electrical steel experimental benchmark, our method achieved superior accuracy than previously reported fittings, also converging in under half a minute. Consistently robust performance is further demonstrated across diverse systems, including soft ferrites, nanocrystalline alloys, and magnetostrictive compounds. The presented blind approach offers new insights into magnetic material characterization and is deployed as an automated tool for hysteresis analysis. It advances both fundamental understanding and practical applications by demonstrating the Jiles–Atherton model’s capability to describe anisotropic materials and by revealing its inherent limitations.
{"title":"Blind Efficient Method for Optimizing Jiles–Atherton Model Parameters","authors":"Juan Manuel Conde Garrido;Jone Ugarte Valdivielso;Jose I. Aizpurua;Manex Barrenetxea Iñarra;Josefina María Silveyra","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3632479","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a novel blind optimization method for determining the parameters of the Jiles–Atherton model of hysteresis, eliminating the need for user-provided initial guesses or search spaces. A carefully designed initialization procedure combined with a standard optimizer yields a high-performing, practical method for parameter estimation. Validation against a theoretical benchmark recovers ground-truth parameters in under half a minute with negligible error (relative error < 4 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 10−8). When applied to the TEAM32 electrical steel experimental benchmark, our method achieved superior accuracy than previously reported fittings, also converging in under half a minute. Consistently robust performance is further demonstrated across diverse systems, including soft ferrites, nanocrystalline alloys, and magnetostrictive compounds. The presented blind approach offers new insights into magnetic material characterization and is deployed as an automated tool for hysteresis analysis. It advances both fundamental understanding and practical applications by demonstrating the Jiles–Atherton model’s capability to describe anisotropic materials and by revealing its inherent limitations.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2025.3631371
Chong Di;Rongze Li;Junhao Wang;Xiaohua Bao
In this article, a novel computationally efficient finite element method for electromagnetic modeling of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) has been proposed, of which the main idea is based on the time–space symmetrical property of the electromagnetic field of the PMSM. Using the proposed approach, the steady-state finite element analysis (FEA) has been further accelerated and only 1/6 electrical time period is needed for the computation. The scalar quantities, e.g., flux linkage waveforms in a full time period, can be further stitched by the three-phase signal in 1/6 electrical time period. Meanwhile, the whole geometry domain of a PMSM modeled in FEA has been divided into three parts, so that the field quantities, e.g., flux density waveforms, can be obtained at the symmetric mesh nodes using a reconstructed structured mesh with sector elements. Therefore, the flux density distribution and waveform in the full time period can also be predicted using the time–space symmetrical property of the electromagnetic field. The proposed method proves to be capable of providing electromagnetic performances as accurate as the traditional FEA, including flux linkage, electromagnetic torque, core losses, and efficiency. Finally, the proposed computationally efficient FEA has been verified by detailed comparisons to both the traditional FEA and experimental results.
{"title":"A Computationally Efficient Method for Electromagnetic Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Based on Time–Space Symmetrical Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Chong Di;Rongze Li;Junhao Wang;Xiaohua Bao","doi":"10.1109/TMAG.2025.3631371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3631371","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a novel computationally efficient finite element method for electromagnetic modeling of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) has been proposed, of which the main idea is based on the time–space symmetrical property of the electromagnetic field of the PMSM. Using the proposed approach, the steady-state finite element analysis (FEA) has been further accelerated and only 1/6 electrical time period is needed for the computation. The scalar quantities, e.g., flux linkage waveforms in a full time period, can be further stitched by the three-phase signal in 1/6 electrical time period. Meanwhile, the whole geometry domain of a PMSM modeled in FEA has been divided into three parts, so that the field quantities, e.g., flux density waveforms, can be obtained at the symmetric mesh nodes using a reconstructed structured mesh with sector elements. Therefore, the flux density distribution and waveform in the full time period can also be predicted using the time–space symmetrical property of the electromagnetic field. The proposed method proves to be capable of providing electromagnetic performances as accurate as the traditional FEA, including flux linkage, electromagnetic torque, core losses, and efficiency. Finally, the proposed computationally efficient FEA has been verified by detailed comparisons to both the traditional FEA and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":13405,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Magnetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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